Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• to carry out the measurements. As mentioned above, two types of Au substrates were used, that is, Au-coated Si (Au/Si) and epitaxially grown Au on mica (Au/mica), bought from Sigma-Aldrich and Phasis, respectively. The Au thicknesses are 200 nm for Au/mica and 100 nm for Au/Si substrates. The Au/mica

• substrates were used directly out of the box without any further cleaning steps. Au/Si was additionally cleaned by boiling in acetone followed by ethanol for 20 min under a fume hood. It was then dried in a glovebox in N2 atmosphere, exposed to ozone to remove organic contaminants, and finally rinsed with

• . The bare substrates were investigated as a reference for the measurements thereafter. They show topographies and current maps characteristic for Au/Si and Au/mica. Subsequently, it was observed how these characteristics change with SAMs deposited onto the surface. A strong resemblance between bare and

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• unheard of in a tumor-dependent EPR effect. The extracellular NP mechanism of action for NPs including Ag, Au, Si, TiO2, and SiO2 was also confirmed in other studies, which indicated that it is the most likely method of NanoEL induction. Endothelial leakiness induced by nanomaterials is a direct mechanism

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• drop inside and get in contact with the exposed Si substrate, as marked in Figure 4c. The outer SiOx NWs can be decomposed by the Si substrate, and the core particle consisting of Au and Ni can get in direct contact with the substrate. Thus, Au–Si droplets and Ni silicide can form due to the easy

• interdiffusion of Au, Ni, and Si. Au/Si phase separation occurs during cooling [3][55], and Ni silicide may remain stable down to room temperature [41][42][43][44][45][46], finally forming particles with two contrasts. Besides, Ni may also diffuse into the Si substrate, leading to the formation of the Ni

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• coated probe (Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA, USA). A set of CPD maps over the same Au/Si/Al trench is shown in Figure 1d–g. As can be seen, the CPD contrast of the maps obtained by CL AM-KPFM changes with the position of the cantilever over either Au or Al (refer to Figure 1d–f) whereas the CPD maps from CL

• across the Au/Si/Al trench are used in Figure 5a and Figure 5b for visual guidance only. The same reference values, 0.21 V for Au and 0.93 V for Al, necessary for rescaling, were obtained from preliminary OL AM-KPFM scans over each region. With the two fit parameters CCF and CPDnon-local fixed from

• materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. CL KPFM measurements over an Au/Si/Al trench

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• germanium was deposited onto Au/Si substrates, germanium nanowires were grown. The in-plane nanowires started to grow at places where the gold droplets had formed previously. The inset shows gold at the top of the germanium nanowire, where continuous homoepitaxial growth was catalysed. A sample with a

• germanium nanowire. Comparison between three interfacial energy models (WA, vW, and AE) and their corresponding experimental results. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 140: Parameters used to obtain the free energy per unit area for Au/Si and Au/SiOx substrates. Acknowledgements The

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• point of the metal. This is clearly visible in the case of the Au–Si eutectic, which has a melting temperature of ca. 363 °C [1][2][3][4]. It seems that in the case of directional solidification of eutectics as a method of manufacturing of nanostructures, the platforms are homogeneous. Unfortunately, as

• addition to dewetting, also directional solidification of eutectics [3][5][19][20][21]. In the gold–silicon system, an Au-rich eutectic melts at a temperature of 363 °C. At this temperature, because the solubility of Au in Si is negligible, the Au–Si eutectic melt does not wet the Si surface [3]. The value

• of the contact angle in this system is about 40° [2]. As a consequence, Au–Si nanodroplets do not dissolve on the Si surface, forming the nanostructures during cooling. In the case of the studied layers, it cannot be unequivocally determined which of the two processes discussed above dominates at the

Friction force microscopy of tribochemistry and interfacial ageing for the SiO_x/Si/Au system

• Christiane Petzold,
• Marcus Koch and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1647–1658, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.157

• sample preparation Friction force microscopy experiments were performed with uncoated (“SiOx/Si”) and gold-coated (“Au/Si”) silicon tips and cantilevers with a nominal spring constant of knom = 0.2 N/m (PPP-CONTR, PPP-CONTAu; Nanosensors, Switzerland). The cantilevers were fixed with conductive glue

• measurements The friction and wear of five tip–sample material pairs were investigated, namely Au/Si–oxidized Si(100), Au/Si–reactive Si(100), Au/Si–Au(111), SiOx/Si–reactive Si(100), and SiOx/Si–Au(111). By activating the tip apex a tribochemical reaction between tip and surface was triggered and the changes

• tip height. One Au/Si tip apex was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM; JEM-2100(HR) LaB6, JEOL GmbH, Eching, Germany, 200 kV acceleration voltage) after activation on Au(111) and sliding experiments. The tip was cut using a focused ion beam (Versa3D; FEI, Eindhoven, Netherlands) to a

Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results

• Babak B. Naghshine and
• Amirkianoosh Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.176

• smaller compared to the actual profile at high pulse energies. Laser processing of Au-Si thin-film structure The variations of specific heat of gold with temperature are unknown. Consequently, cp was kept constant at 129 J/kgK in the model. The melting point, boiling point, latent heat of fusion, and

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• Si whiskers, the initial condition was the formation of a liquid droplet of the alloy of Si with Au impurity on a Si wafer. The liquid Au–Si alloy acted as a preferred sink for the deposition of Si atoms from the vapor that was obtained as a result of the thermally-induced decomposition of gaseous

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• , nanoglasses have been synthesized by inert gas condensation from a variety of alloys: Au–Si, Au–La, Cu–Sc, Fe–Sc, Fe–Si, La–Si, Pd–Si, Ni–Ti, Ni–Zr, Ti–P. Magnetron sputtering This method (Figure 5) has been applied so far to Au-based metallic glasses [7][8]. The nanoglass obtained consisted of glassy regions

Directed deposition of silicon nanowires using neopentasilane as precursor and gold as catalyst

• Britta Kämpken,
• Verena Wulf,
• Norbert Auner,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Michael Huth,
• Daniel Rhinow and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 535–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.62

• can be reliably prepared from the silicon-rich precursor neopentasilane (Si(SiH3)4) using gold as catalyst. It could be demonstrated clearly that the formation of the NWs proceeds by the VLS mechanism, in which an Au/Si alloy forms that upon further exposure to the precursor starts excreting the

• excess silicon in the form of nanowires. The diameter of the nanowires depends on the size of the Au/Si droplets, which in turn can be determined by the size of the employed gold nanoparticles. As a rule of thumb, the diameter of the NWs deposited at 375 °C is about 1.5 times larger than the diameter of

• the nanoparticles; at 650 °C this factor amounts to ≈2.5, presumably due to the higher solubility of silicon in the Au/Si alloy at higher temperatures. Following this trend, the thinnest NWs were obtained by using preformed nanoparticles, which became deposited at the substrate surface by chemical

Electron-beam patterned self-assembled monolayers as templates for Cu electrodeposition and lift-off

• Zhe She,
• Andrea DiFalco,
• Georg Hähner and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 101–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.11

• shows a compilation of AFM images comparing the structure as deposited on a MBP0 patterned Au/Si substrate with the one transferred to the epoxy glue. Parallel lines about 1 μm apart were written into the SAM by e-beam lithography. As inferred from the difference between the grooves, where the cross

• studied in more detail. For this purpose substrates with different degrees of roughness were compared. Besides Au/Si whose morphology is determined by small crystallites of different orientations, Ag/mica and Au/Ag/mica substrates were used because Au and Ag can be grown epitaxially on mica [57][58], and

• this problem is significantly alleviated. In a series of experiments Cu films were uniformly deposited on MBP0 modified substrates and subsequently transferred to epoxy glue, and the surfaces were then compared with the original substrate. Representative examples for Au/Si and Au/Ag/mica are shown in

Substrate-mediated effects in photothermal patterning of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers with microfocused continuous-wave lasers

• Anja Schröter,
• Mark Kalus and
• Nils Hartmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 65–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.8

• patterning technique. Because of the strongly temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of Si, surface-temperature profiles on Au/Si substrates are very narrow ensuring a particularly high lateral resolution. At a 1/e spot diameter of 2 µm, fabrication of subwavelength structures with diameters of 300–400

• , minimum structure sizes are larger when compared with respective values on Au/Si substrates. The required laser powers, though, are more than one order of magnitude lower. Also, the laser power needed for patterning decreases with decreasing Au layer thickness. These results demonstrate the impact of the

• exhibit a continuous Au layer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed a surface roughness of a few nanometers. Note that Au/glass substrates with 100 nm thick Au layers and Au/Si substrates are opaque and, hence, do not allow for characterization by means of UV–vis spectroscopy. In addition, the