A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• used to record the UV–visible absorbance spectrum. The luminescence characteristics of the GQDs were investigated using a Perkin Elmer LS 55 fluorescence spectrometer. On a Perkin Elmer FT-IR Spectrum 2, FTIR spectra were measured in the range of 500–4000 cm−1 by making KBr pellets of the sample. At

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• (ULVAC-PHI, U.S.) with monochromatic Al Kα (hν = 1486.6 eV) radiation, and a beam size of 100 μm. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of GO and ERGO were collected in the 4000–400 cm−1 region on a Perkin Elmer spectrometer as KBr (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) pellets. The crystalline

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• sufficient to truly electronically insulate molecular structures. For this, the usage of either thicker insulating films (mostly alkali halides) or bulk insulators is required. For studying molecules on bulk insulators, ionic crystals (e.g., KBr, NaCl, CaF2, and calcite) have mostly served as model systems

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• microscope (nc-AFM) working at room temperature to study formation and shape of C60 islands on three substrates with different intrinsic properties. These are, first, Au(111), a metal surface widely used in SPM studies, second, KBr(001), a bulk insulator allowing for the decoupling of molecular species and

• responsible for the nucleation of islands in the middle of the terraces. C60 on KBr(001) surface The deposition of C60 on bulk insulators is known to lead to the creation of large islands [22][31]. A typical KBr(001) surface after TE of C60 is shown in the nc-AFM topography image in Figure 3a. Large clean

• . The height of the C60 islands is about three monolayers. A dewetting process is also observed [22][26] as visible by the more round shape of the second- and third-layer step edges of C60 islands. The deposition of C60 on KBr(001) via HV-ESD is more challenging. The insulating nature of the KBr

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• synthesized via simple chemical reduction of silver nitrate with sodium borohydride [36]. The volume added of potassium bromide during the synthesis was crucial for the size control of AgNPs. The sample without added KBr turned blue and the ample with 40 µL of the added KBr turned yellow. The synthesized

Reconstruction of a 2D layer of KBr on Ir(111) and electromechanical alteration by graphene

• Zhao Liu,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Stefan Peeters,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Maria Clelia Righi and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 432–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.35

• reconstruction of a two-dimensional layer of KBr on an Ir(111) surface is observed by high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy and verified by density functional theory (DFT). The observed KBr structure is oriented along the main directions of the Ir(111) surface, but forms a characteristic double-line

• pattern. Comprehensive calculations by DFT, taking into account the observed periodicities, resulted in a new low-energy reconstruction. However, it is fully relaxed into a common cubic structure when a monolayer of graphene is located between substrate and KBr. By using Kelvin probe force microscopy, the

• work functions of the reconstructed and the cubic configuration of KBr were measured and indicate, in accordance with the DFT calculations, a difference of nearly 900 meV. The difference is due to the strong interaction and local charge displacement of the K+/Br− ions and the Ir(111) surface, which are

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• molecules or molecular nanoarchitectures from the metallic substrate and, thus, helps to retain the originally designed properties. Different insulating films have already been applied, ranging from ionic salts such as NaCl [8][9], KCl [10][11], or KBr [12], through oxide [13] or nitride [14] layers to

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• partially KBr-covered Ag(111) surfaces [24] as well as for cyanoporphyrin molecules on KBr-covered Cu(111) surfaces [26]. Here, the understanding of molecular adsorption on insulating thin films is extended by studying an insulator-on-semiconductor system, namely CaF2 thin films grown on Si(111) surfaces

• in the present experiments. On the CaF1 interface layer, a double-lobe feature (see also Figure 1b) is the prevalently observed shape of PTCDA, similar to the coffee bean-like shape measured by STM on KCl(001)/Ag(001) [21] or on KBr(001)/InSb(001) [23] thin films. A similar pattern was also observed

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) or a KBr crystal to negate the effects of varying scales of roughness, which [12] suggests should be a contributing factor. Qualitatively, there is a general mismatch in behavior when comparing the majority of experimental results with the LJ F(z) curves. In particular, the LJ F(z

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• mixed with KBr to form a pellet. The spectra in the range of 7800–350 cm−1 with a 5 cm−1 step were collected in reflection or in transmission mode. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs were imaged with a Zeiss Axio Imager M2 laser scanning confocal microscope (Carl

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• to the surface. We collected atomic force microscopy images of KBr surfaces in a humidity-controlled glove box at various relative humidities below 40%. By scratching and poking the surface with the AFM tip, we constructed energetically unfavorable holes or scratch sites and material accumulations

• time of exposure to the humid air. The layer thickness ranges from partial coverage at very low humidities (RH < 10%) up to several nanometers near saturation. Arima et al. performed XPS measurements on potassium bromide (KBr) thin films under UHV conditions (4·10−10 mbar) in order to determine the

• relationship between humidity, water coverage and movement speed, however, is complex. In this study we investigated the surface of KBr, a salt crystal, by using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) using a qPlus sensor [9][10][11]. The aim of our experiments is a qualitative and quantitative

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• electron-donor TTF ligands of the framework [36][55]. On the other hand, the UV–vis spectrum of C60@MUV-2 crystals dispersed in KBr pellets (Figure 3b) shows the presence of two new bands around 260 and 350 nm, which can be assigned to C60, whereas a broad band from 450 to 800 nm can be designated to an

• on the solid state by dispersing the crystals in KBr pellets. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were measured using a TriStar II PLUS apparatus (Micromeritics) at 77 K. The BET surface area was calculated by using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equation. The high-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherms were

• the samples in KBr pellets. a) Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and b) high-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherms at 298 K, on MUV-2 (black) and C60@MUV-2 (red). a) Minimum-energy crystal structure calculated for conformations A and B of host–guest C60@MUV-2 at the PBEsol level under periodic

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were recorded from 4000 to 400 cm−1 with 2 cm−1 resolution in a Bruker IFS 66V-S spectrometer. Samples were prepared as pellets diluted in KBr or as pure samples pressed to form a tablet. 29Si solid-state MAS spectroscopy at 79.49 MHz was carried out on a BRUKER AV-400-W

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• resolution approaches the topography resolution, which is the ultimate physical limit of the FM-KPFM technique [11]. Similar results were obtained for the resolution estimation for KBr nanoislands of monoatomic thickness, where a resolution of 0.5 was obtained for 20 nm separation, as is the case in the

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• deformation, N–H bending) [26] and the absorption peak at around 1330 cm−1 is related to the stretching vibration bands of the carboxylate group (C=O) [27]. The latter two peaks (1556 and 1330 cm−1) are observed in all samples and can be ascribed to the presence of some impurity in the KBr pellets, which is

• transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the samples were obtained in the range of 400–4000 cm−1 by pressing the powders in KBr pellets. The morphology and elemental chemical composition of the samples were investigated using a Tescan Mira 3 field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with an

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• observed using a Hitachi H-7650 microscope. UV−vis absorption spectra were recorded using a Hitachi U-4100 spectrophotometer. FTIR spectra were collected in the wavelength range from 4000 to 500 cm−1 by a Thermo Fisher 4700 Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer with the KBr method. Upconversion

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• °C. The isopropanol was later removed under vacuum for two days at 70 °C and the resultant compound was analyzed with FTIR and compared with adenine pressed into a KBr pellet. Although we were not able to identify the exact final product with FTIR, the results point towards formation of a complex

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• (1C, Py-Cγ), 137.14 (1C, Fu-Cα), 149.54 (1C,Py-Cα), 151.17 (1C, Py-Cε), 151.95 (1C, Fu-Cε), 178.71 (1C, C=O), 179.57 (1C; C–OH); IR (KBr, cm−1): ν (OH) = 3428; ν (C=O) = 1625; ν (enolic C=C) = 1515; MS m/z: 216 [M + H]+. 3-Aminopropylsilica (SiNH2). SiNH2 was prepared according to our published

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• FTIR, 4000–400 cm−1, 40 Scans) using KBr pellets prepared with a Shimadzu MHP-1 mini hand press. The background correction was performed with a pure KBr pellet, and the samples were measured at 10% in 90% KBr. UV–vis spectroscopy was performed on a Shimadzu 1650pc UV–vis spectrophotometer for analysis

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• ), 0.70 (m, SiCH2, 16H); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 41.03 (s, CH2N), 20.64 (s, SiCH2CH2), 8.46 (s, SiCH2); 13C NMR (D2O) δ 41.63 (d, CH2N), 20.55 (d, SiCH2CH2), 8.76 (m, SiCH2); 29Si NMR (DMSO-d6) δ −66.50 (s); MALDI-TOF-MS (DHB matrix, m/z): [M + H − 8HCl]+ calcd 881.29; found, 881.39 (100%); FTIR (KBr): υ(–NH3

• , m/z): [M + H]+ calcd 1681.42, found 1681.72; [M + Na]+ calcd 1703.70; found, 1704.70; [M + K]+ calcd 1719.37; found, 1719.67; FTIR (KBr): υ(-COOH) 3300 cm−1, δ(–COOH) 1432 cm−1, υ(–COOH) 1701 cm−1, υ(–NHC=O) 1645 cm−1, υ(Si–O–Si) 1150–1110 cm−1, υ(Si–C) 800 cm−1; XRD: 2θ 7.23°, 9.41°, 9.75°, 10.25

• with a Nicolet 560 spectrometer, using KBr pellets. X-ray diffraction was measured using an X’Pert PRO diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm). Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was measured in the range of 2θ = 3–70° with a step width of 0.026°, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy We evaporated solvent from the solution of PS or modified PS. To 9 mg of the dried sample we added 281 mg of desiccated KBr (spectroscopy grade). We ground the mixture in an agate mortar and deposited the powder on the sample holder. The sample was then introduced

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• diffractometer with a wavelength of 0.154 nm at 40 kV and 30 mA in a 2θ range of 3–70° at 10°·min−1. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker Vector 22 infrared spectrophotometer with KBr pellets (sample/KBr of 1:100 by weight) or thin films. Thermogravimetry and differential thermal

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• analysis using a Thermo Nicolet spectrometer with the KBr pellet method in the range 4000–400 cm−1. X-ray diffraction studies The crystalline properties of both CaP@5-FU and CaP NPs were explored by XRD analysis. 2 mg of powdered CaP@5-FU NPs and CaP NPs were analyzed in a Bruker AXS D8 advance X-ray

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• ; 103, 124, 152 Ar; IR (KBr): 3443 (ν OH, H2O), 2921 (νas CH2), 2872 (νs CH2), 1620 (ν C=C), 1457, 1352, 1300, 1251, 1110 (νas C-O-C); 953, 850 (ν C-C-O) cm−1. Methods 1H and 13C NMR spectra were measured on a Bruker AVANCE(III) 500 spectrometer (500 MHz for 1H NMR, 126 MHz for 13C NMR). Chemical shifts

• methanol were consecutively applied onto the target and evaporated. An aqueous solution of cesium chloride (CsCl) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was added to improve the ionization of the analyzed sample. IR spectra were recorded with a Bruker Vector 22 FTIR Spectrometer (Bruker Optics, USA) in KBr pellets

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• spectra on a Nicolet Nexus FTIR spectrometer using the KBr method within the wavelength range of 400–4000 cm−1. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms were obtained at 77 K on an Autosorb–iQ2–MP nitrogen adsorption apparatus. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of the samples was