Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• were the dominant species. In 5.0 and 10.0 mol % ethanol, the pH 5.0 samples showed large raft-like clusters of stacked disks (Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1). These clusters could extend for over a micrometre in either the axial or lateral direction. These clusters may be caused by increased

• applications for helical and non-helical particles include templated waveguides and negative index materials [43][44]. High alcohol content can also cause aggregation of rod-shaped particles into large raft-like structures, which could allow for templating relatively large surface areas. The effect of alcohol

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• -SO-MNPs was also detected in cells treated with Noc but the decrease did not reach significance. In contrast, a substantial reduction in the internalized amount of PEG-SO-MNPs was detected in the presence of CavME and lipid-raft inhibitors (Figure 2). These results indicated that PEG-SO-MNPs entered

• the lipid-raft inhibitor might also affect the CME uptake (Figure 3E). In contrast, the application of CavME inhibitors did not substantially affect the internalization of RITC-BSA-SO-MNPs into A549 cells (Figure 3F and Figure 3G). No reduction in the co-localization pattern of RITC-BSA-SO-MNPs and

• transferrin (Tr) internalization than MDC in A549 cells. Caveolae and lipid raft internalizations are known to be inhibited by N, F, and MBCD through depletion of cholesterol from the cell membrane [51]. While F and N were described to be very specific inhibitors of caveolin-mediated endocytosis (CavME

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• following text. Macropinocytosis as an entry mechanism Macropinocytosis is a rapid, lipid raft-dependent and receptor-independent form of endocytosis [60]. It is a process accompanying the membrane ruffling induced in many cell types upon stimulation by growth factors or other signals. Macropinocytosis

• transduction into cells occurs by lipid raft mediated endocytosis. Similar results regarding the internalization mechanism of TAT-protein conjugates were reported by Wadia and co-workers [60]. Macropinocytosis has also been suggested as the active uptake process used by other cationic, arginine-rich peptides

• preferentially sorted to clathrin-coated and caveolin/lipid raft plasma membrane domains, respectively. Uptake of glypican-bound ligands may proceed primarily through caveolin-dependent endocytosis. This might indicate a possible role for syndecans in clathrin-mediated endocytosis [87]. As an interesting

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• the modulation of lipid raft-associated interactions between HA and CD44 [44][45]. Therefore, a receptor such as TLR4 might be involved in HA internalization in RAW macrophages and not in HCT-116. In RAW 264.7 macrophages CD44 has been described not only as an endocytic receptor, but also as a fully

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• functionality can influence the macromolecule bioactivity [8]. Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques, such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) and

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• ). Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of HPMA with MMAA and preparation of hydrazide derivative of P(HPMA-MMAA) In a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask, CTPA (4 mg), AIBN (5 mg), MMAA (0.1 mL), and HPMA (0.9 g) were dissolved in ethanol (9 mL) under Ar atmosphere, 5 M HCl (50 μL) was

• kDa according to HPLC) were obtained, which was unacceptable from the point of in vivo biomedical applications. Therefore, RAFT copolymerization was selected, which enables the preparation of well-defined telechelic P(HPMA-MMAA) molecules of medium or low molecular weight [21]. With this technique the

• nonspecific toxicity. However, the obtained data indicate necessity of further in vivo studies of novel Dox-nanoparticle conjugates on experimental tumor models in mice. (a) 1H NMR, (b) gas chromatogram, and (c) FTIR spectrum of 2-(N-methylmethacrylamido)acetate (MMAA). Scheme of RAFT copolymerization of N-(2

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• . In the work of Glassner et al. [62], they reported the synthesis of PS-b-PEO copolymers by coupling the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and the hetero Diels–Alder cycloaddition followed by subsequent retro-hetero Diels–Alder mechanisms by a heating/washing

Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery

• Liga Saulite,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Simona Steponkiene,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123

• examined via fluorescence imaging using endocytosis inhibitors for the micropinocytosis, phagocytosis, lipid-raft, clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis pathways. These data showed that QDs were efficiently accumulated in the cytoplasm of MSCs after incubation for 6 h. The main uptake route of QDs

• , an inhibitor of caveolin/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis (Figure 7b,d). In serum-free medium, the cells internalized more QDs according to the fluorescence intensity analysis (Figure 7c,d). The intracellular localization of QDs after uptake was observed in BacMam 2.0-transfected MSCs. Excessive QD

• through the anchoring of the clathrin and adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complex to endosomes, thereby preventing the assembly of coated pits at the inner plasma membrane [42]. In serum-free medium, QD uptake was decreased by CPZ and nystatin (Figure 7b,d). nystatin is an inhibitor of caveolin/lipid raft

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• grafting processes, living-radical polymerization (e.g., atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) or nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP)) makes it possible to establish robust polymer–particle bonds and then grow polymer brushes of controlled

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• hydrophilic random copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) with molar masses ranging from 2000 to 4200 g mol−1 synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, into LDH containing magnesium(II) and aluminium(III) intralayer cations and nitrates as

• hydroxides; RAFT; solid-state NMR; Introduction Within the emergence of a wide range of organic–inorganic hybrid materials with interesting physical and chemical properties [1], hybrid layered double hydroxides (LDH) have attracted considerable attention in the scientific community [2][3]. LDH matrices are

• an initiator or a controlling agent and further conduct a free radical polymerization [40][41]. Qu et al. [42] applied the latter strategy by adsorbing 4-(benzodithioyl)-4-cyanopentanoate controlling agent and successfully conducting styrene reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• structures in water but not in buffer. Such agglomerates could be separated by ultrasound; however, re-aggregation occurred after short time. 44C- or 31C-functionalized TMV formed raft-like aggregates in both water and buffer (as detected also after their mineralization, see SEM analysis below). For

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• of the endocytotic pathways were optimized regarding concentration and incubation time in combination with fluorescently tagged marker proteins. Qualitative immunolocalization showed that J774A.1 cells highly expressed the lipid raft-related protein flotillin-1 and clathrin heavy chain, however, no

• , fluorescently labelled transferrin can be used to investigate clathrin-mediated endocytosis [32][41][42]. Caveolae and lipid raft internalizations are known to be inhibited by nystatin, filipin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβcd) through depletion of the cholesterol from the cell membrane by forming inclusion

• cytochalasin D and MDC which could efficiently block clathrin-mediated endocytosis. However, optimal conditions for the inhibition of the lipid raft-mediated pathway in this cell type could not be established. mβcd has been described to be an optimal inhibitor of lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. Therefore it

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14