Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• , previous studies have also highlighted the significant adherence of ZnO NPs to the root surface of Lolium perenne and Zea mays [53][54]. Conclusion In this study, ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized via a wet chemical method from the ZnCl2 precursor and characterized using PXRD, FTIR, UV–vis, and DLS

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• overview of the current status and outline important concerns regarding the need for standardized protocols to evaluate NP uptake, NP transfection efficacy, drug dose determination, and variability of nonviral gene delivery systems. Based on these concerns, we propose wide adherence to multimodal

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• adherence to the substrate, very high thermal stability (up to 600 °C), and high electrical conductivity [14]. Over the last decades, the development of solar cells has grown dramatically. The cells have become larger, thinner, and lighter. This increases the electrical resistivity, which is undesirable

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• show degradation as well as bone mineral formation on the surface. The in vitro biological characteristics were tested using MC3T3-E1 cells, and the findings of adherence tests demonstrate osteoblastic cell adhesion to the coated surface at various time intervals [59] (Figure 5). According to Chen et

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• . Biofouling can be defined as the undesired attachment and growth of life on artificial surfaces [49]. One general strategy to inhibit biofilm formation and microbial colonialization is microbial repellence since it targets a direct inhibition of bacterial adherence on a surface. Various approaches can be

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• fibroin (SF) nanofibrous scaffold fabricated via electrospinning was investigated for its chondrogenic potential [112]. The results showed that the composite scaffold could facilitate chondrocyte adherence, proliferation, and secretion of cartilage-specific ECM as well as maintaining the phenotype

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• in silkworms. It was shown that AgNPC were able to improve the survival rate of the silkworm from 22 to 67% when compared to the control untreated group. Adherence of the virus to AgNps led to the production of free radicals which penetrated and disintegrated the virus capsids, proteins, and DNA of

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• biomarkers for cancer. In [6] we found, due to the divergence of the emitted beams, that larger facet separations (≥10 μm) lead to a strong global hot region of the light field near the waveguide facets. These global hot regions are preferential trapping sites, which may lead to adherence of the particle to

• ) = 295 nm. Each interference maximum (local hot spot) is clearly narrower in the x-direction than in the y-direction. Particles can be trapped at the local hot spots. The global hot regions are preferential trapping regions. These may pose a problem for larger particles in view of possible adherence to

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• the straight hydrogel channel and collected in a vial at the end of the flow path. The mass of NPs was recorded both at the inlet and outlet of the flow path to determine the loss of NPs due to adherence to the walls of the channel. The mass loss of NPs for each flow experiment was measured as a

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

• Joseph C. Cremaldi and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

• the open circulatory nature of most invertebrates, any hemolymph loss can quickly become fatal [16][27]. The stoppage occurs through clotting pathways including protein aggregation, cellular adherence, or cellular secretions at the wound site [70]. Once the hemolymph loss has subsided, epithelial

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• response to external stimuli, LCEs have been used as biologically relevant soft actuators, often being considered as artificial muscles [96], as first proposed by de Gennes [97]. However, LCEs exhibit a hydrophobic nature and lack cell adherence sites. Thus, in order to be applied for tissue engineering

• domains have been fabricated by Stupp and co-workers, based on the self-assembly of cholesteryl oligo(L-lactic acid) [109]. In this system, the incorporation of the cholesteryl moiety and the short lactic acid chain enables cell membrane adherence and biodegradability, respectively. Thus, the layer-by

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• epicuticular wax showed that 1-triacontanol (C30H61OH) is the main wax component of the soybean leaf surfaces. A water contact angle (CA) of 162.4° (σ = 3.6°) and tilting angle (TA) of 20.9° (σ = 10.0°) were found. Adherence of pure water droplets on the superhydrophobic leaves is supported by the hydrophilic

• of wax platelets composed of n-hexatriacontane [43]. Smaller sizes of wax crystals reduce the surface roughness and the contact angle and also increase the adherence of the droplets to the surfaces, as indicated by the hysteresis or given tilt angles [42][43]. Surfactants with a high HLB value (XP ED

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• adhesion of this polymer to different substrates. According to the literature Parylene C exhibits a satisfactory adherence to gold, platinum and silicon nitride [61], which is, however, in contradiction to older reports [62][63]. Its adherence to polyimide, on the other hand, is found to be very low [61

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• polarisation. Additionally, though it is known that biomolecules adsorbed to nanoparticles affect their cell adherence [35], uptake [26][35] and translocation [34], we wish to clarify their role in the full process, from adherence to translocation, in both undifferentiated and mature Caco-2 barriers. To this

Optical response of heterogeneous polymer layers containing silver nanostructures

• Miriam Carlberg,
• Florent Pourcin,
• Olivier Margeat,
• Judikaël Le Rouzo,
• Gérard Berginc,
• Rose-Marie Sauvage,
• Jörg Ackermann and
• Ludovic Escoubas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.108

• the adherence of the NPs to the substrate [28]. Attempts to deposit the nanoparticles directly on the substrates did not succeed as the optical properties of the measured substrates did not show any nanoparticle optical signature. PVP is commonly used to stabilize silver NPs [29][30]. PVP is also a

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• . Secondly, the adherence and growth of porcine aortic endothelial cells was examined on GaN-functionalized glass coverslips. The glass coverslips were coated with silicone alone (negative control for cellular adherence, Figure 4a,b) or silicone plus GaN nanoparticles (Figure 4c–h). Figure 4b shows minimal

• adherence of endothelial cells to nonfunctionalized silicone. GaN nanoparticles of increasing concentration were coated on silicone and microscopically visualized (Figure 4c,e,g,i). Endothelial cell adherence was assessed on coverslips functionalized with different concentrations of GaN nanoparticles

• biocompatible material to which cells cannot efficiently attach. We observed minimal adherence of endothelial cells to clean silicone surfaces after three days of incubation, while an increasing number of attached cells were observed on surfaces functionalized by nanoparticles. The number of attached cells

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Marina Dobrivojević,
• Lada Brkić Ahmed,
• Michal Babič,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Daniel Horák and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

• was used. The quantification of cell labeling by cytometry was considered superior to Prussian blue image quantification due to the possible adherence of stain both to the cells and to the coated dish surface. By using flow cytometry and measuring the increase of the side scattered light (SSC) of the

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• silver and superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs [46] in different biological environments was investigated in adherence to the experimental scheme presented in Figure 1. Characteristics of prepared AgNPs and SPIONs As the first step, the physicochemical properties of freshly synthesized NPs were carefully

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• coating technique guarantees a very good adherence of the deposited NPs to the substrate resulting from the high speed (>500 m/s) at which the NPs are thrown at the substrate by microjets created after the collapse of the acoustic bubbles near a solid surface [8]. The excellent adherence is reflected in

• subjected to HRTEM measurements. The results did not reveal the presence of NPs on the grid, indicating that nanoparticles are not released from the coated surface, confirming their strong adherence onto the surface. A total loss in the range of 2.5–12.2% of the metal oxides was found. This loss is due to

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• the amide unit with K+ on the surface of mica. AFM was used to analyse the structure of coated samples (Figure 4). We found that the priming compounds evenly cover the surface. The adherence of the used molecules to mica is very high. Dewetting of the adsorbed materials was not observed and the upper

• adherence is good. The morphology of the samples prepared on muscovite mica treated with citric acid (mica-CA, Figure 5) is governed by the presence of the residual carboxyl groups. The homopolymer P1 (LPSQ-COOH) can form very smooth assemblies on native mica but on mica-CA it tends to coil into fine

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• , differing in lengths as well as diameters. This suggests that the absence of a well-developed brush border in M cells may facilitate the adherence of antigens on the cell surface and, as a consequence, cellular uptake processes [2]. By contrast, the large surface area of intestinal microvilli is more

• properties of cells can be directly linked to cell adhesion, adhesion to the smooth and more elastic surface of M cells is enhanced, thus, facilitating the adherence of antigens and, as a consequence, cellular uptake processes. Experimental Cell cultures Raji B cells were a kind gift from R. Fuchs (Medical

Characterization of nanostructured ZnO thin films deposited through vacuum evaporation

• Jose Alberto Alvarado,
• Arturo Maldonado,
• Héctor Juarez,
• Mauricio Pacio and
• Rene Perez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 971–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.100

• 1000 °C for 1 h in air), in order to observe the evolution in the formation of these 2D nanostructures. Thin films were deposited using the vacuum metal evaporation system Jeol model JEE-420. The annealing process was done in a conventional oven to reorganize the crystallites and increase the adherence

• of particles that do not have an ordering, and thus the grain boundaries from each nanoparticle are not activated. Therefore, the adherence to the substrate is poor, which is also seen in the transmittance results. Varying the duration for which the films are annealed results in a perceptible

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 °C. For particle uptake and cell viability experiments, cells were seeded at a density of 10,000 cells/cm2 in 6-well plates (Greiner Bio, Frickenhausen, Germany). After adherence, the cells were incubated with 300 µg/mL nanoparticles

Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• adherence to various ECM proteins, necessitating the investigation of the adhesive properties of the cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) provides a versatile tool to quantify the adhesion of single cells in near-physiological conditions [14][15][16]. In AFM-based

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• spreading area at day two. This example is chosen as a representative of the average behavior in increase of the surface coverage with individual cells showing a smaller or even larger expansion compared to the presented cell. Adherence The adherence of cells was indicated by the amount of adherent cells

• reduction in adherence by 30% as compared to the untreated control results from the cell growth on the NH2–PEG nanorod-decorated substrate, whereas immobilization of COOH–PEG nanorods does not have an influence. Proliferation The increase in the spreading area of an adherent cell is interpreted as a sign of

• times) [30]. As only the CTAB nanorods display a significant impact on cell adherence and proliferation, we focus on these particles in the micromotion assay. In the assay, CTAB nanorods with mean particle densities from 65 to 2,000 particles/µm² were immobilized on the substrate and a baseline signal