Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• ][6]. The mandibles of the bee are instrumental in processing propolis, but they are also used for other tasks such as biting through cell caps and modelling wax [7]. The mandibles, sometimes also called jaws, are situated laterally on the lower part of the bee’s head (see Figure 3) and operate

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• , at 20 kV) showed that the materials are only carbon with no other detectable elements. The rounded caps of the glassy carbon tubules suggest that they have characteristics of fullerenes regarding the need for pentagons in addition to hexagons to close the cap [15] (see the model of fullerene C60 in

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• mixture along with g-C3N4, sulfur helps to produce carbon nanotubes instead of carbon nanospheres. The reactivity of sulfur with the end caps of nanotubes does not allow the carbon nanotubes to close. These amorphous carbon nanotubes help as a template to intercalate metal fluorides/metal sulfides. As the

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

The effect of flexible joint-like elements on the adhesive performance of nature-inspired bent mushroom-like fibers

• Elliot Geikowsky,
• Serdar Gorumlu and
• Burak Aksak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2893–2905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.268

• approximately 2,100 fibers. Mushroom-like caps of around 50 µm diameter were produced for both stiff and soft joint fibers. Although any desired angle of curvature can be produced by the proposed method, in this research, fibers of an effective angle of 57° were used. The effective tilt angle is defined in the

• process of bending the fibers, before the caps are constructed. For this reason, the effective tilt angle is measured between the base and the tip of the fiber stalk (Figure 2a). Load–drag–pull curves in gripping direction Sample data from two cases are given in Figure 3 to show the effect of joint

• (orange) and stiff materials (blue) are used. Dimensions are given in µm. a) Soft joint fibers use soft material in both caps and joint-like elements while a stiffer material is used for the stalks. b) Stiff joint fibers use soft material only for the mushroom-like caps while stalks and joint-like

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• schematically in Figure 1d. The Cr film thickness is determined by the etch selectivity of mask and membrane materials. All the Cr caps on top of the pillars must be clearly separated from the Cr layer on the SiN bottom for the chosen aspect ratio of the pillars. The second part of the mask inversion process

Robust nanobubble and nanodroplet segmentation in atomic force microscope images using the spherical Hough transform

• Yuliang Wang,
• Tongda Lu,
• Xiaolai Li,
• Shuai Ren and
• Shusheng Bi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2572–2582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.257

• /ND) segmentation based on the spherical Hough transform combined with the contour expansion operation. (a) Sketch of a simulated AFM image. (b) The spherical Hough transform is applied to preliminarily detect the NBs/NDs, where the sphere represents the highest possibility which NB/ND caps belongs to

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• wall, as compared to near-zigzag tubes and a small number of possible cap structures for small diameter tubes. Theoretically, the authors of [127] showed that some caps are preferentially stabilized due to their epitaxial relationship to the solid catalyst surface, and the growth of corresponding tubes

Biomechanics of selected arborescent and shrubby monocotyledons

• Tom Masselter,
• Tobias Haushahn,
• Samuel Fink and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1602–1619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.154

• shoots are organized in an atactostele (Figure 1A), which means that individual vascular bundles with sclerenchymatous caps are dispersed irregularly within the ground tissue matrix (parenchyma) of the stem. The central cylinder is a multi-gradient structure in terms of size of vascular bundles (decrease

• (Robinia pseudoacacia) [28]. In palms similar values of longitudinal Young’s moduli are reported in fibre strips of thick-walled caps of vascular bundles tested under axial tension. These values ranged from 0.2 to 1 GPa in Washingtonia robusta [29], depending on the level of lignification. While we did not

• developing strengthening tissues with similar mechanical properties at the outermost periphery of their axes. The Young’s moduli of the vascular bundles in D. marginata are noticeably higher than that of fibre caps in the palm Washingtonia robusta measured for which values were approx. 0.4 to 0.5 GPa for

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

• capping layer for oxidation protection (c), and (d) the chemo-mechanical polishing for the removal of the masking spheres including their magnetic caps. In this way, we prepare hexagonal antidot lattices with antidot distances a = 100–500 nm at variable antidot diameter d = 0.1–0.9a. The thickness of the

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• caps for both SWCNTs and MWCNTs) [56], heat treatment in carbon dioxide/air [57], sonication-induced shearing [58][59], partial opening due to purification [60], precision cutting [61] and water-assisted etching [62]. The main issue with these methods is that etching the CNTs in this way damages their

• the end caps of TCNSs, some research has focussed on methods that either fill in situ (during growth) or that simultaneously open and fill. These methods make use of the strong capillary action that exists within the nanoscale cavities. Filled SWCNTs and MWCNTs have been produced using layered sheets

• schematic was inspired by a figure appearing in reference [106]. (a,b,c) Transmission electron micrographs of a hollow CVD-grown CNF with the graphene caps indicated by the white arrows. (d) Schematic of the structure of the CNFs with the caps as well as nucleation sites indicated by the black arrows. (e

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• adopting different synthesis procedures, long cumulenes chains (up to 8 sp-carbon atoms) have been selectively obtained. Again, the end caps play a fundamental role for two reasons. The first is that due to their chemical nature, they promote the formation of a double bond on the first bond of the sp chain

• even larger caps [65], impart stability to CAWs. Phenyl-terminated polyynes were produced by chemical synthesis with details given in [78]. Due to the termination type, these systems are stable at ambient conditions even when the solvent is completely removed and the sample is in the solid state, as

Electrical properties of single CdTe nanowires

• Elena Matei,
• Camelia Florica,
• Andreea Costas,
• María Eugenia Toimil-Molares and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.45

• switching from deposition inside the nanopore to deposition on the surface. This effect was used to determine the time necessary for complete filling whereby the process can be stopped earlier. The nanowires growing from caps on the surface (indicating complete pore filling) are more difficult to harvest

Exploring plasmonic coupling in hole-cap arrays

• Thomas M. Schmidt,
• Maj Frederiksen,
• Vladimir Bochenkov and
• Duncan S. Sutherland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.1

• The plasmonic coupling between gold caps and holes in thin films was investigated experimentally and through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations. Sparse colloidal lithography combined with a novel thermal treatment was used to control the vertical spacing between caps and hole arrays and

• compared to separated arrays of holes or caps. Optical spectroscopy and FDTD simulations reveal strong coupling between the gold caps and both Bloch Wave-surface plasmon polariton (BW-SPP) modes and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-type resonances in hole arrays when they are in close proximity

• . The interesting and complex coupling between caps and hole arrays reveals the details of the field distribution for these simple to fabricate structures. Keywords: caps; colloidal lithography; hybridization; localized surface plasmon resonance; near field; SRO hole arrays; Introduction The

Electrical contacts to individual SWCNTs: A review

• Wei Liu,
• Christofer Hierold and
• Miroslav Haluska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2202–2215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.229

• an optimized temperature [50]. This has been shown to be a great advantage for MWCNT interconnects. As demonstrated in [51], the caps of vertically (with respect to the horizontal substrate) aligned MWCNTs were removed by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) followed by metal deposition to form the

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• closed at their ends by hemispheric fullerene caps are referred to as single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs) and their diameter ranges from 0.4 nm to 5 nm [2][3]. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, made up of several concentric graphene cylinders, are much bigger with diameters from a few to tens of nanometers

Dye-doped spheres with plasmonic semi-shells: Lasing modes and scattering at realistic gain levels

• Nikita Arnold,
• Boyang Ding,
• Calin Hrelescu and
• Thomas A. Klar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 974–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.110

• symmetry and turn from nanoshells with spherical symmetry to semi-shells, sometimes also called nano-caps or nano-cups. Such semi-shells can be produced either via the evaporation of noble metals on top of dielectric spheres [4][5][6], via the electrochemical deposition through a self-assembled template of

• fluoresces in the visible region. We tune specific plasmonic resonances into the emission maximum of the dye molecules by adjusting the thickness of the silver caps on the dye-doped spheres. In particular, we assume a doping concentration, a size of the spheres and the type of dye molecules as given by the

• caps on the undoped PS spheres of 390 nm diameter. Figure 2 shows the extinction, scattering, and absorption spectra in panels a,b,c, respectively, for thicknesses varying from h = 10 to 40 nm as indicated by the color coding. The linearly polarized, electromagnetic plane wave impinges the structure

Cyclic photochemical re-growth of gold nanoparticles: Overcoming the mask-erosion limit during reactive ion etching on the nanoscale

• Burcin Özdemir,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 886–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.100

• NP are exposed to a RIE process short enough that erosion of the NP can be neglected. As a result, one obtains correspondingly short nanopillars that are still capped by Au NP. Subsequent photochemical growth combined with a cleaning and annealing step delivers enlarged Au caps, which serve as masks

• ) pillars produced by the short starting RIE are shown in panel a). The bright residual Au caps, which form the seed particles for the subsequent photochemical re-growth processes are clearly visible. Panel b) shows the result of the first re-growth step on top of the pillars from panel a). The further

Plasticity of Cu nanoparticles: Dislocation-dendrite-induced strain hardening and a limit for displacive plasticity

• Antti Tolvanen and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.17

• . For all the orientations, larger than average values of maximum shear are roughly localised on inverted spherical caps joining the edge of the circular orifice. The most extreme values of the atomic shear (parallel 2.4 MPa, orthogonal 2.3 MPa, and tilted 2.3 MPa) are almost the same and are located at

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• ; functionalization; graphene; nitration; oxidation; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have stirred the curiosity of the scientific community for two decades now. They consist of layers of graphene rolled up on themselves in order to form cylinders often closed at the two ends by fullerenic caps. Either they are

• nanoparticle) can occur at the fullerenic caps, which are more reactive than the CNT sidewalls [16], at the defects, or exclusively at the sidewalls of the nanotubes. The non-covalent functionalization (creation of a physical bond between the CNT and the chemical group or particle) involves for instance CNTs

• physical and chemical properties of the CNTs due to the plasma process (i.e., fluorination in CF4 of the CNTs, defect-density increase and opening of the CNT caps). Oxidation of VA-CNTs: As-grown VA-CNTs are superhydrophobic [89]. In 2010, Ramos et al. [90] emphasized that a post-treatment by using oxygen

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• the material reaches the top side of the membrane and caps start to grow on top; and (4) if the process is continued, the caps grow further and eventually form a continuous layer. Current–time characteristics displaying these four distinct regions have been reported for the growth of Cu [52], Au [53

• nanowires reach the top side of the porous membrane, the deposition continues outside the pores forming so-called caps (Figure 6a, zone 3). The shape and morphology of the caps are a direct indication of the crystalline structure of the wires as shown for various materials (e.g., Cu, Au, Bi, Sb). Round caps

• are typically formed on top of polycrystalline wires (Figure 11a), while facetted caps grow on top of single-crystalline wires, or on wires consisting of large grains (Figure 11b–d). The facetted Au caps (Figure 11b) exhibit a cubic shape, revealing the cubic structure of the corresponding Au wires

Tuning the properties of magnetic thin films by interaction with periodic nanostructures

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Felix Haering,
• Stefan Nau,
• Carsten Schulze,
• Herbert Schletter,
• Denys Makarov,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Karsten Kuepper,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Johannes Boneberg and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 831–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.93

• this way, in addition to the exchange-coupled film in between the objects, magnetic caps are formed on top of them. As a result, the achievable storage density is determined by the defect density. Different preparation techniques have been tested for high defect densities, i.e., serial e-beam or ion

• between the 35 nm particles a smooth film grows on Si/SiO2 substrates, Fe caps can be easily identified. Remarkably, Fe caps are in contact with the film between the colloidal spheres, although the deposited film thickness (11 nm) is small compared to the average particle diameter of d = 35 nm. Note that

• PS spheres including the magnetic caps on top may also be removed by chemo-mechanical polishing leading to a void structure, which may potentially be used as 2-D artificial spin-ice systems [27]. In the following, however, we focus on percolated films with magnetic caps present. In summary, the

Zirconium nanoparticles prepared by the reduction of zirconium oxide using the RAPET method

• Michal Eshed,
• Swati Pol,
• Aharon Gedanken and
• Mahalingam Balasubramanian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 198–203, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.23

• ). A 3/8” union part was plugged from both sides by standard caps. For the synthesis, 0.500 g of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and 0.200 g of magnesium powder (molar ration 1:2, respectively) were introduced into the cell, and the cell was closed tightly at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere (in a