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Search for "dextran" in Full Text gives 36 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30
- . Transferrin [1] can be used as a maker for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), bodipy-lactosylceramide (LacCer) can be used for caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and dextran with large molecular masses can be used for macropinocytosis [36]. Moreover, concentration should be optimized (Table 2) and toxicity
Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130
- between the SWCNTs and gel media. Our experimental findings are supported by ab initio calculations demonstrating the impact of the riboflavin wrapping pattern around the SWCNTs on their interaction with the allyl dextran gel. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; photoluminescence spectroscopy; riboflavin; size
- Sephacryl gel is an allyl dextran copolymer, and its dextran links act as adsorption sites for SWCNTs in gel chromatography separation [25]. As SWCNTs are wrapped by riboflavin, there are two possible sites of SWCNT–dextran interaction, namely over two ribityl side chains (Figure 5a) and on the edge of
- adjacent riboflavin molecules (Figure 5b). As the riboflavin–dextran complex was relaxed, the binding energy between the riboflavin assembly and the dextran molecule was calculated. It was found that in the case of dextran in the top position (Figure 5a), weak van der Waals interactions do not depend
Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98
- solution, the authors proposed administering the drug in the form of a single microneedle with detachable tip, which remains in the cornea for a certain period of time, ensuring sustained release (Figure 9). Two model drugs were used, namely FITC-dextran for the determination of release profiles and
Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81
- RGD and collagen to an antimicrobial polymeric multilayer composed of dextran sulfate and chitosan [103]. One way to achieve bioselective, biocompatible, and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications is the utilization of natural protein materials shown to accomplish the desired properties
Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68
- revealed the influence of loading a macromolecular model drug (FITC-dextran) on the mechanical properties, which decreased with raising amounts of loaded drug. Loaded particles were significantly softer, with Young’s moduli between 1.06 and 5.79 MPa for the same crosslinking time, than the blank GNPs. In
- contrast to this, lysozyme as a crosslinkable macromolecule did not influence the mechanical properties. A good in vitro cell compatibility was found investigating blank GNPs and FITC-dextran-loaded GNPs in viability assays with the cancer cell line A549 and the human primary cell-derived hAELVi cell line
- determination of the Young’s modulus of single particles. The resulting mechanical properties could be correlated with the crosslinking time and extent. Additionally, loading of the macromolecule FITC-dextran 70 kDa into the particle matrix showed no statistically significant effect on particle sizes but
Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45
- acid-labile cholesteryl-modified pullulan nanogel that formed a complex with loaded bovine serum albumin and released it under acidic conditions [17]. Landfester et al. used a bio-orthogonal reaction to fabricate a dextran nanogel with pH-responsive hydrazine linkages allowing for a controlled release
Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31
Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15
- . coated TiO2 nps with carboxymethyl dextran (CMD), a hydrophilic polymer to form hydrophilized TiO2 nps (HTiO2 nps). In vivo mapping revealed enhanced ROS production in ultrasonically treated cells with HTiO2 nps, suppressing the growth of tumors [117]. Similarly, when avidin-modified TiO2 was used to
Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64
- weight molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, calcein, dextran [66][67][68][69][70], or gene complexes [67] via a process known as “sonoporation” or “transient cavitation”. Cavitation events are sometimes triggered by the effects of US on MBs. Microbubbles are micrometer-sized (1–10 µm
- 2 MDa FITC-dextrans loaded into MBs as model drugs using flow cytometry and FACSCaliburTM (Flow cytometer). They blocked the endocytic pathway and interestingly found two different cell subpopulations after US exposure which had either low or high uptake of FITC-dextran. They found that the “low
The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31
- estimate that the high levels of BM accumulation for this liposome formulation were probably due to the presence of 20% DSPG in the liposomal bilayer. This yields an overall anionic surface, which is known to have an affinity for the scavenger receptor on BM macrophages. Other polyanions, such as dextran
Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150
- for the cellular uptake of HAp into HL-1 cells. Macropinocytosis activity assay To further understand the mechanism of gene delivery into HL-1 cells using HAp, we investigated the HAp-induced macropinocytosis activity using neutral tetramethylrhodamine-conjugated dextran (TMR–dextran). TMR–dextran is
- commonly used as an indicator of the macropinocytic pathway [25], enabling the quantification of macropinocytosis. The quantification of TMR–dextran was performed by measuring the fluorescence intensity per cell, using fluorescence microscopy images, in accordance with a previous report. As shown in Figure
- 5a, more red spots corresponding to TMR–dextran fluorescence signals were observed in HAp-treated cells in comparison to non-treated cells. Quantitative analysis revealed that the increase in macropinocytosis activity depends on the pretreatment time: The macropinocytosis activity following a 4 h-HAp
Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129
- interaction with the bacterial cells [137]. For example, chemical groups can be grafted onto and metals can be adhered to these NPs. Mahmoudi and Serpoooshan developed silver-ring-coated SPIONs through the coating of monodispersed SPIONs with carboxylated dextran via the ligand exchange method followed by
Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94
- of 2000–2019. Review Benefits of SPIONs or what makes SPIONs such a promising aspect for therapeutics and adjunct treatments Firstly, certain SPIONs are already clinically approved for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [24][25][26]. For this application, SPIONs have been functionalized with dextran
- release at the targeted site. A functionalization that permits only adsorption can lead to premature drug release [33][46][80]. Mojica Pisciotti and co-workers [39] studied the effects of dextran and PEG coatings on two animal kidney cell lines and showed that dextran-coated SPIONs are not cytotoxic even
- at a concentration of 400 µg Fe/mL, in contrast to the PEG-coated SPIONs, which reached 50% toxicity at 100 µg Fe/mL. Dextran was shown to get stripped from the nanoparticles in macrophages that were later apoptotic. The authors concluded that apoptosis was caused first by dextran intoxication and
Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41
- (e.g., dextran sulfate (DS), heparin and chitosan) and various synthetic polymers (e.g., PAH, PMA and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)). When a negatively charged template is dipped in a solution of positively charged PE, or vice versa, a monolayer of excessively adsorbed PEs is formed that leads to the
- microcapsules become disturbed at pH < 6, forming 100 nm pores which caused fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) in the solution to permeate into the hollow capsule. Notably, no structural changes were observed at pH > 8 [44]. Most important was the reversibility of the capsules from open state at
- observed. At basic pH, the flow of FITC-dextran into the MF-templated capsules was immediate as compared to carbonate cores, wherein it occurred after 10 min [44]. This was explained by the fact that MF core dissolution leaves some remains inside the capsule. Upon pH change, these remains contribute to
Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39
- -dextran [79] and chitosan [80] have been reported to bind to GNPs in a pH-dependent manner as the energy of the Au–N interaction is intermediate between those of Au–S and Au–O [81]. The affinity of different functional groups to the surface of GNPs decreases in the series Au–S > Au–NH2 > Au–COOH [82
Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25
- and transferrin can be used as markers for clathrin-mediated endocytosis [205][206], dextran as a fluid phase marker for phagocytosis and for the CLEE/GEEC pathway [193], and LacCer (C5-lactosylceramide) for cholesterol-dependent uptake [133][207]. However, while cholera toxin and SV40 were previously
Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222
- . Consequently, it was evaluated only for the CUR systems. The retention of the systems without CUR have already been evaluated by a similar method, where the formulations were marked with FITC-dextran and the retention was investigated by fluorescence microscopy [70]. The cumulative formulation percentage
Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95
- Figure 7B and Figure 7C. Furthermore, no difference between PCL- and Au-NP-exposed cell monolayers was detected. Overall, cell monolayers are less permeable to 70 kDa FITC dextran (Figure 7C) than to 4.4 kDa TRITC dextran (Figure 7B). Discussion A concentration- and time-dependent effect of exposure to
- permeability assay on DIV3 using 4.4 kDa tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) dextran and 70 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran ([0.5 mg/mL]; Sigma, Switzerland) was carried out as described previously [48]. Briefly, transport buffer (TB) was prepared with HEPES-buffered Hank’s Balanced Salt
- Solution (HBSS) (Sigma, Switzerland). Inserts were transferred to 24-well plates containing TB and filled with dextran solution. After 60 min the fluorescence of samples from the donor and receiver solution at different time points was detected at 492 nm (excitation), 518 nm (emission) and 550 nm, 580 nm
Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles towards human tumor cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236
- high molecular weight, such as silica, chitosan, poly(amino acids), poly(acrylic acid), hyaluronic acid, alginic acid, poly(vinyl alcohol), polyethylenimine, dextran, or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [10][11][12]. The latter one is known to escape recognition by reticuloendothelial system prolonging thus
Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114
- analytical grade. Synthesis of pseudotannin polygallol The synthesis of the pseudotannins consisted of conjugating benzyloxy benzoic acids (BBA) to a linear dextran backbone and converting those BBAs to phenols via a palladium (black) catalyzed deprotection reaction, creating a brush-like polyphenol [47][48
- ][49][50][51]. The conjugation of BBAs used an optimized Steglich esterification to bind the carboxyl groups on the BBAs to the free hydroxyl groups on 40 kDa dextran. For this study, tribenzyloxybenzoic acid (TBBA) was used as the phenolic precursor, resulting in a polygallol polymer [35][36][37
Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155
- . Additional examples for materials are listed in Table 1 and in some other review articles [4][5][46][47][71][86][87] Polymers from natural sources can be divided in either protein-based (e.g., collagen, fibrin, matrigel, elastin), polysaccharide-based (e.g., hyaluronic acid, chitin, agar, dextran, alginate
Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84
- their cellular uptake, the mechanism of internalization, cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation of neural stem cells, and compared them to the commercially available dextran-coated nanomag®-D-spio nanoparticles. Results: Light microscopy of Prussian blue staining revealed a concentration-dependent
- labeling makes poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles appropriate candidates for future neural stem cell in vivo tracking studies. Keywords: dextran; maghemite; nanoparticles; neural stem cells; poly(L-lysine); Introduction Stem cell-based therapy is a developing area of regenerative medicine with
- tracking [16]. Biocompatible polymers are used to modify the surface of nanoparticles, prevent their agglomeration and facilitate internalization. The most widely used coating for surface modification of nanoparticles is dextran, which promotes nanoparticle internalization, in particular in different
Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60
- mainly in rat livers after a single intravenous administration [34]. Subsequent histopathological changes were also found in liver, spleen and kidney after the intravenous administration with dextran-coated graphene oxide nanoplatelets at a dose of 250 mg/kg and more [35]. Effects of NPs on blood vessels
- claudin-4 and claudin-8 increased in the kidney [61]. The oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in gastric epithelial cells also shows some association with decreased amounts of claudin-4 and claudin-7, and an increased permeability of the tight junction for dextran [62]. Occludins Occludins are a family of
Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 364–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.33
- established procedures by heating to 56 °C for >30 min [41]. In short, 3.0 mL of dextran (10 mg dextran in 1.0 mL of PBS) were mixed with 75 µL of the nanoplatform dispersion (1.0 mg in 1.0 mL of PBS) and 30 µL of the protease stock solutions at each concentration level in a total volume of 3.0 mL of PBS. 30
- the use of dextran as anticoagulant [42]. The requirement of only a very low volume of serum for performing meaningful enzyme activity measurements is a definite advantage of the very high sensitivity of the nanoplatforms for protease detection, which originates from the concurrent utilization of SEM
- is chemically stable for 14 days at 4 °C. 900 mg of dextran were dissolved in 90 mL of PBS. Stock solutions of all 9 enzymes were prepared by consecutive dilution of commercially available proteases (Enzo Lifesciences). 3 mL of PBS–dextran (10 mg dextran in 1.0 mL of PBS) are mixed with 75 µL of the
Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243
- ]. Jang et al. used dextran (dex), a readily available polysaccharide, both as reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize dex–Au NPs from HAuCl4. The stability of Au NPs is enhanced due to cross-linking of aminated dextran chains on the surface of NPs using epichlorohydrin (C3H5ClO). The average
- diameters of their NPs were 80 nm [82]. Morrow et al. used diethylaminoethyldextran as reducing and stabilizing agents to produce Au NPs from Au3+ solution at 50 °C for 7.5 h. They found that the performance of dextran is strongly dependent on pH so that in alkaline solutions, the Au3+ ions are rapidly
- reduced to spherical NPs and their sizes range from 18 to 40 nm depending on pH, temperature, and the Au3+/dextran ratio. However, in acidic conditions, the reduction is very slow and large Au NPs with different shapes are formed [35]. Saha et al. utilized calcium alginate gel beads as a template for Ag
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