Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• in a conventional tunneling junction”. While the theory [50] assumes a symmetric F1/S/F2 structure, our samples may actually be asymmetric from the point of view of the interface transparencies. The oxidation times of the two interfaces were different in our samples, and our fabrication procedure was

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.15.38 Abstract Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently emerged as an alternative solvent for nanoparticle synthesis. There have been numerous advancements in the fabrication of silver nanoparticles

• nanoparticles (Au NPs) were the first to be fabricated in DESs [28][29]. SERS platforms based on Au NPs-DES whose sensitivity and durability are competitive to the other materials were successfully constructed [29][30]. However, no attention has been paid to the potential of DESs in the fabrication of Ag NPs

• good selectivity. Moreover, compared to other studies on NFT and SDZ detection (Table 2), the Ag NPs-DES material shows competitive LOD values and a linear range. Thus, Ag NPs-DES is a promising candidate in SERS applications along with the tremendous potential of DES in Ag NPs fabrication. Conclusion

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• , during its epitaxial growth in surface science experiments or its fabrication for applications, defects, that is, deviations from the ideal 2D lattice, inevitably occur. Examples for defects are vacancies, interstitial atoms, grain boundaries, stacking faults or wrinkles [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• alloys, owing to their favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, have been explored for the fabrication of vascular grafts highlighting their potential as a durable and biocompatible alternative in atherosclerosis-related revascularization procedures [187]. Similarly, studies conducted by Li

• chain-breaking metal-based nanoantioxidants stop the oxidative reactions after they begin. The strategy for the fabrication of antioxidant nanomaterials is to mimic natural antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, GPx, and SOD. With excellent properties such as high stability, bioavailability, and activity

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• fabrication on Si and Ge by 100 keV Ar+ ion beam bombardment is discussed. The irradiation was performed in the ion fluence range of ≈3 × 1017 to 9 × 1017 ions/cm2 and at an incident angle of θ ≈ 60° with respect to the surface normal. The investigation focuses on topographical studies of pattern formation

• understood. Despite controlled fabrication of patterns has been achieved, details that influence the process of self-assembly still remain open. Ion beam sputtering is an important method for inducing topographical changes in specific materials. For silicon, self-organized dots, ripples, and cones have been

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• template were contacted with the top electrodes. After a lift-off process, the 3D devices based on the NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowire array were obtained. A typical device structure is shown in Figure 1b,c. The description of the setup and more details of AAO template fabrication, electrodeposition and

• device fabrication, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the devices during the fabrication process are presented in Supporting Information File 1. In most reported works, the nanowires were deposited in all pores of the AAO templates [18][19][20][21]. Additional etching steps or coating

• steps were necessary to define the contact area and to obtain a small contact array, which complicates the fabrication process [18][19]. Compared with these works, our process does not need any additional etching step to either define the contact area of the nanowire or electrodes for the top contact

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• -dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanostacks [23]. The sensor exhibited a high GF of 772.6 when subjected to a strain range of 40–70%, owing to the presence of cracks induced in the MXene layer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) acting as bridges. In a separate study, Xin et al. reported the fabrication of highly sensitive

• sensor that exhibits both high sensitivity and a wide range of strain through the combined integration of a cracked thin metal and a 3D helical substrate. The fabrication process involves depositing a Au thin film onto a PDMS substrate with helical structure, followed by pre-stretching to induce

• fabrication process involves depositing a gold thin film onto a PDMS substrate with helical structures, obtained from mold processing, followed by pre-stretching to induce microcracks in the Au thin film. Curvature and torsion of the helix significantly contribute to the redistribution of surface strains in

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• the coupling to the transmission line used to measure the microwave resonance. A detailed description of our fabrication is presented, including information about the process parameters used for each layer. We also discuss the fabrication of sharp tips on the cantilever using focused electron beam

• ][7]. We recently introduced such a sensor based on the electromechanical coupling between surface strain and kinetic inductance of a superconducting nanowire [8]. In this paper, we describe in detail the fabrication and characterization methods of these kinetic inductive mechano-electric coupling

• gradient during oscillation. Although many types of resonators could fulfill these requirements in principle, it is hard to beat the microcantilever for ease of fabrication. To sense force on the tip we need to measure the motion of the mechanical resonator, detecting its deflection from mechanical

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• monitoring of PAAO layer growth and the termination of the process at a desired PAAO thickness for reliable fabrication of subwavelength optical coatings with thickness below 300 nm. Results and Discussion The obtained PAAO layer structure (Figure 1a) with a hexagonal pore arrangement, ≈100 nm center-to

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• . Conclusion The article presents a one-stage method for the fabrication of polymer composites based on a hydrogel in which MnCo2O4 as the catalyst (MCO) and conductive carbon black particles as conductive fillers have been embedded. In the developed synthesis method, the need to use high temperature was

• omitted, which is an element that distinguishes the applied procedure from others described in most literature reports. Scanning electron microscopy studies confirmed the fabrication of a composite polymer containing MCO catalyst particles and conductive carbon cCB particles either caught inside or bound

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• efficient reduction of electron temperature down to 65 mK from a base temperature of 300 mK [22]. Here we present improved simulation results in comparison with [24] and the first results of fabrication and measurements, using YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) Josephson junction (JJ) oscillators, of a dichroic multiabsorber

• for the 240 GHz channel is 34.8 GHz, and the maximum absorption occurs at a frequency of 239.6 GHz. Fabrication of samples of receiving systems with CEBs The samples and the sample blanks with electronic lithography, ready for electron beam evaporation, were fabricated at the Chalmers University of

• the legend, one should divide the voltage by 3.75 × 106. Acknowledgements The CEB sample blanks were fabricated in the Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience of the Chalmers University of Technology. The YBCO JJ sample fabrication and SEM images acquisition were performed using the facilities

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• using three different fabrication methods: lift-off, ion beam etching (IBE), and stencil lithography. They were further analyzed using different instruments, including scanning electron microscopy, LTEM, and electron holography. A bilayer of positive PMMA resist was utilized in the first fabrication

• advantageous in terms of structural resolution, process simplicity, and the absence of resist residues [21]. We have fabricated ferromagnetic nanodisks on a conventional TEM grid from TedPella® using three different fabrication methods. In the first method, a bilayer of positive PMMA resist yielded an undercut

• ion beam. This method avoids the resist-based fabrication, which is common in preparing nanodisk samples for TEM [8][20]. We have also developed a method of sample preparation for patterned nanostructures starting from a bulk substrate. This method is versatile and might be useful for more complicated

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• fabrication of functional gold nanostructures for application in plasmonic and detector technology, we conducted a comprehensive study on [Au(CH3)2Cl]2 as a potential precursor for such depositions. Fundamental electron-induced dissociation processes were studied under single collision conditions, and the

• nanostructures are critical for the enhancement of absorption and controlled scattering of light [10]. Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a direct writing method for controlled deposition/fabrication of nanostructures on either flat or nonflat surfaces. It offers excellent shape control and thus

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• fabrication. For instance, traditional techniques, such as electron-beam lithography, laser writing, and cleanroom photolithography, have flexibility in design but require costly equipment [13][14]. Relatively cheaper techniques, such as anodization, electroplating, and electrospinning, are limited by the

• ]. Therefore, there is still a need to develop simple and cost-effective fabrication methods applicable to a wide range of nano- and micropatterns and biomaterials. In our previous studies, we have shown how nanosphere lens lithography (NLL) can be used with a low-cost ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED

• demonstrates a promising method for the creation of hierarchical nano-/microstructures on various polymers for nerve implant applications. Results and Discussion Fabrication and characterization of PU nanopillar and nanohole substrates We first fabricated nanopillar and nanohole arrays on medical-grade

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• applicable to all systems and setups. Results and Discussion Our approach consists of three main steps performed in a one-month timeframe. First, we calibrate the resistors employed in the fabrication of the reference sample using probe station measurements. Second, we use C-AFM imaging to obtain resistance

• -AFM imaging and I–V curves measurement to define the conditions for calibrated measurements. Calibration sample design and fabrication The sample developed in this work consisted of a square fused silica substrate (11 mm wide, 2 mm thick), on which gold connection lines and pads were fabricated by

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• poorly water-soluble CUR. An effective submicron particle fabrication technique, namely co-precipitation–cross-linking–dissolution (CCD), has been established to produce biopolymer particles [24][25][26]. In this method, biopolymer particles are produced via co-precipitation, by simply mixing MnCl2 and

• isothiocyanate (FITC) was purchased from Biochrom GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Fabrication of CUR-loaded human serum albumin microparticles The CUR-HSA-MPs were prepared by the CCD technique with some modifications to the adsorption method [29]. In brief, 20 mL of 0.25 M MnCl2 containing 50 mg/mL HSA solution were

• washed three times by centrifugation with distilled water (6,000g for 10 min). The obtained HSA particles were resuspended in 10 mL PBS, pH 7.4, and stored in the dark at 4 °C for further use. The HSA-MPs as control particles were prepared following the same fabrication method but without CUR adsorption

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• piezoelectric membrane as a reference sample, which can reveal its contribution to the piezo/photodiode device. Methodology Sample fabrication The device type-I employed in this study is a piezo/photodiode device, fabricated following a previously reported procedure [32], where the piezoelectric material, lead

• zirconate titanate (PZT), was integrated onto a silicon photodiode. The PZT layer was sandwiched between two lanthanum nickelate (LNO) electrodes and ultimately the backside of the silicon substate was etched to enhance the motion of the membrane. More detailed information on the fabrication and cross

• × 2.8) and (1.4 × 1.2) mm2 labeled as A, B, C, and D, respectively. In the process of fabrication, a 100 nm thick layer of LNO as the bottom electrode was first deposited, using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, on a single crystal silicon wafer. Then, an 850 nm lead barium zirconia titanate

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• ., temperature, concentrations of chemicals, and annealing time). ZnO nanorods and nanowires have attracted great interest in photodetectors because their chemical and physical properties are exceptional for electronics applications, and their fabrication strategies are more facile than those of other structures

• wavelengths (464, 532, and 640 nm), and an excellent sensitivity value of 203.4% for blue-light (464 nm) exposure. Therefore, the photodetector based on CuO NPs/ZnO NRs can enable research into broadband optoelectronic devices with simple and low-cost fabrication techniques. The structure can be extensively

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• . Metal bis(acetylacetonate) complexes are of interest for many thin film fabrication techniques (e.g., chemical vapor deposition [9], atomic layer epitaxy [10], or atomic layer etching [11]) and as precursors for carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon onion particles [12], or metal oxide

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• fabrication; the resulting composition seems to arise from Si and P supersaturation levels [3][4]. The formation of precipitates in supersaturated silicon has also been considered as a possible mechanism involved in the deactivation of dopants [5][6][7]. To date, Si3P4 compounds have not been experimentally

• can be considered satisfactory. Reports on the fabrication of 3:4 binary compounds with defective zinc blende structure are scarce [36][37]; to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a comparison of calculated vibrational spectra with experimental ones has never been undertaken. IR spectra of the

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• fabrication of MOF/graphene-based composites. Figure 5 was reproduced from [41], R. Kumar et al., “Remarkable Improvement in the Mechanical Properties and CO2 Uptake of MOFs Brought About by Covalent Linking to Graphene”, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., with permission from John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © 2016 WILEY

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• , detection, and eradication of cancer cells and biomarkers, with great potential in theranostic applications. Despite these advantages, the design and fabrication of targeted NPs for cancer therapy is still very challenging regarding biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, in vivo targeting efficacy, and cost

• -effectiveness. The optimization of these variables depends on NP design parameters such as size, shape, charge, composition, preparation method, and surface decorating moiety. The most crucial aspect in the future development of ACNPs will be the design and fabrication of multiple targeting moieties with the

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• to the enhanced number of active sites achieved through the transition from the bulk state to the nanomaterial form. The optimal condition for the fabrication of 2D Ni(Im)2 was determined to be the utilization of 5 mL of NH4OH. Co-based MOFs nanomaterials Cobalt materials provide a diversity of

• converting individual MOFs into MOF-derived carbon-support nanomaterials. Another issue is the durability of the working electrodes. Many studies have employed drop casting and the use of binders to affix MOFs onto the substrate for electrode fabrication. This approach presents drawbacks such as reduced

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• related to energy and environment, among others. However, the fabrication of ordered nanoarchitectures remains a challenge, even in two dimensions. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the self-assembly processes and substantial factors for building ordered structures is critical for tailoring flexible

• and desirable nanoarchitectures. Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for revealing the molecular conformations, arrangements, and orientations of two-dimensional (2D) networks on surfaces. The fabrication of 2D assemblies involves non-covalent interactions that play a significant role in

• -assembly; solid/liquid interface; two-dimensional networks; Introduction The fabrication of ordered nanostructures using the concept of nanoarchitectonics [1][2][3][4] for various applications such as nanomachines, nanoelectronics, catalysis, and nanopatterning remains challenging [5][6][7]. Design and