A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• ., hydrazine) as reductants or rapid heat treatment at high temperatures are required for the synthesis of electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO), controlled synthesis of ERGO films could be possible via optimization of electrochemical parameters. These parameters are the range of the applied voltage, numbers of

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• acid-labile cholesteryl-modified pullulan nanogel that formed a complex with loaded bovine serum albumin and released it under acidic conditions [17]. Landfester et al. used a bio-orthogonal reaction to fabricate a dextran nanogel with pH-responsive hydrazine linkages allowing for a controlled release

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• metal precursor, usually a salt such as HAuCl4, is chemically reduced by a (ii) reagent (e.g., sodium citrate, sodium borohydrate, ascorbic acid, glucose, hydrazine, or various amines) in the presence of a (iii) stabilizing agent (e.g., organic thiols, amines, acids, or various surfactants, i.e

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• ppm TEA at 35% RH. Cadmium sulfide-based fractals Highly oriented CdS dendrite (HOCSD) sensors synthesized by a hydrothermal method to detect formic acid (HCOOH) and hydrazine (N2H4) were reported by Guo and co-workers [83]. The multichannel branches of dendritic structure of the CdS sensor allowed

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• mask which must be compensated for in the pattern design. Anisotropic etching uses either EDP (ethylenediamine pyrocatechol), hydrazine-based solutions or, most commonly, potassium hydroxide solution. Deep reactive ion etching of silicon is an increasingly common process, performed in a low-pressure

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

• Ata Jedari Golparvar and
• Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

• , cotton, and Kevlar (Figure 1a). The textiles were first dipped into graphene oxide (GO) suspension prepared by the modified Hummer’s method, dried to allow for the layering of GO on the textiles, treated by reducing agents (e.g., hydrazine or hydrogen iodide), and rinsed with distilled water to form a

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• have focused on synthesis of AgNPs without giving much attention to the disadvantages such as cost, time, and hazards. Nevertheless, other essential factors such as cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, energy consumption, and human well-being can easily be overlooked. For instance, hydrazine, as a

• synthesis Chemical reduction, or conventional chemical synthesis, is the most common approach for the synthesis of AgNPs [214]. This is performed by the presence of a metal precursor such as AgNO3, a reducing agent such as hydrazine, sodium borohydride, ethylene glycol, or dimethylformamide (DMF) as well as

• micelle method has served as a common approach for the synthesis of AgNPs throughout the past two decades [152]. Regular reducing agents used in this method include sodium borohydride (NaBH4) [236], hydrazine (N2H4) [237], glucose [238], and quercetin [152][239], to name a few. The size and size

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• trimethylammonium chloride), used as a terminal function in dendrimers, can induce dendrimer solubility in water, allowing the colloidal stability of nanolatex covered by such a function and also the formation of structured hydrogels [43][44]. Hydrazine is a well-known reductant, which has been used for the seeded

• growth of gold NPs [45]. Some derivatives of hydrazine, such as the phenylhydrazine, are also used as a reductant [46]; however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the use of Girard’s reagents as a reductant. It is known that when in water the hydrazones and acylhydrazones are in

• equilibrium with their hydrolyzed forms (aldehyde and hydrazine), a property which is particularly useful for the building of combinatorial libraries [47][48]. However, this reaction can be largely shifted toward the hydrazone form. The Girard’s reagent linked to the dendrimer might act as a water

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• , 98% purity), 1,4-dibromobutane (C4H8Br2, Sigma-Aldrich, 99% purity), 1,12-dibromododecane (C12H24Br2, Sigma-Aldrich, 98% purity), phthalimide potassium salt (C8H4KNO2, abcr, 98% purity) and hydrazine monohydrate (N2H2·H2O, acros organics, 99% purity) were used without further purification. Synthesis

• , 3H, CH-CH=CH), 7.00 (d, 2H, CH-CH=CO), 4.04 (t, 2H, O-CH2-CH2), 3.40 (t, 2H, CH2-CH2-N), 1.88–1.82 (m, 4H), 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.29 (s, 14H). To obtain the amine, the purified product was dissolved in tetrahydrofurane (THF)/ethanol (EtOH) (8:2) and hydrazine monohydrate (50.0 equiv) was added dropwise

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• has been developed to obtain rGO through the reduction of exfoliated GO using various reducing agents such as hydrazine or dimethylhydrazine [21], NaBH4 [22], hydroquinone [23], or glucose [24]. However, these methods have not yet turned into a global strategy to prepare pure rGO in a scalable fashion

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• with a hydrazine-assisted solution process [12][13]) to 10.6% (using a vacuum process [14]) and 8% (obtained with an electrochemical process [15]). These multinary sulfides have extremely low toxicity, consist of earth-abundant elements [3] and can be obtained by means of processes that are more energy

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• between them, graphene oxide reduction was performed at diluted conditions with hydrazine at low temperature (see Experimental section). The resulting dispersions of rGO-25 and rGO/PANI nanocomposites are remarkably stable (see Supporting Information File 1), more so than sample rGO-80. This indicates

• sonication (less than 10 μm) [34][35][42][43][44][67]. Reduced graphene oxide was prepared by chemical reduction of GO in 0.25 mg·mL−1 dispersions with hydrazine and ammonia solution at 25 °C for 7 days. The resulting rGO dispersion presents suitable stability for the preparation of the nanocomposites. This

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• -Dichloroethane (DCE), hydrazine hydrate, ethanol (99.8%), and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich or Lach-Ner (Neratovice, Czech Republic) and used as received. N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and citrate-stabilized maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) were synthetized according to earlier procedures [16

• washed with diethyl ether, and dried; yield: 0.6 g. To transform the polymer to its hydrazide derivative, P(HPMA-MMAA) (0.6 g) was dissolved in ethanol (2 mL) in a 25 mL beaker, hydrazine hydrate (50 μL) was added, and the reaction continued at RT for 16 h with stirring (6 rpm). The viscous P(HPMA-MMAA

• vibrations, respectively (Figure 3). The methoxy groups of the P(HPMA-MMAA) chains were reacted with hydrazine hydrate (Figure 2) under a rather low molar excess of hydrazine relative to MMAA in order to facilitate purification of the product. Finally, P(HPMA-MMAA)-NH-NH2 was conjugated with Dox in methanol

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• perovskite layer under a reductive atmosphere, for example, in the presence of hydrazine vapors [119]. The conversion of Sn4+ into Sn2+, which can be described as 2SnI62– + N2H4 = 2SnI42– + N2 + 2HI, results in a reduction of the density of Sn2+ vacancies (Figure 5a) suppressing the undesirable p-type

• conductivity and reverting the perovskites back to n-type semiconducting behavior [119]. The hydrazine treatment results in an appreciable increase of the radiative lifetime of ASnX3 HPs irrespective of the type of cation A (Figure 5b,c) and halide component composition, clearly indicating a reduction of the

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• , sodium pyro-sulfite, hydrazine hydrate or sulfur dioxide [22][23][24][25]. In contrast, semiconductor-based photocatalysis has received considerable attention worldwide for its diversified potential applications to solve the global energy crisis and environmental issues in a sustainable and ecologically

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• -GO was reduced by hydrazine hydrate to obtain the HACC-rGO. In our previous work, the structure and morphology of the resulting HACC-rGO have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) [29]. As shown in Figure 1b, the

• degree), concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine hydrate, acetic acid, sodium hydrate, and 1-naphthol were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan was

• adjusted to 10 with 0.1 M NaOH. Subsequently, HACC-GO was reduced to HACC-rGO by adding 0.4 g of hydrazine hydrate to the solution, and reacting at room temperature for 20 min, then reacting at 80 °C for 2 h. Finally, the resulting products were filtered, washed with distilled water, and vacuum dried to

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• 0 < sample 1 ≈ sample 2 < sample 3 ≈ sample 4 < sample 5, which is almost consistent with the quantitative results shown by the parabola opening values. Therefore, chemical reduction with hydrazine monohydrate can reach a higher degree of reduction than thermal reduction without inert atmosphere

• . From the EFS measurements, we found that chemical reduction with hydrazine monohydrate can enable a higher degree of reduction than thermal reduction without inert atmosphere protection. Additionally, it was found that a further increase in the reduction temperature was not necessary when the GO sheets

• or 450 °C for 15 min. Chemical reduction of GO was achieved by exposure to a saturated vapor of hydrazine monohydrate in a sealed petri dish at 80 °C for 1 h [36]. Mica substrates were used in this work. The reduction of the GO sheets was verified with XPS (AXIS ULTRADLD, Kratos Analytical, Ltd

Nanoscale mapping of dielectric properties based on surface adhesion force measurements

• Ying Wang,
• Yue Shen,
• Xingya Wang,
• Zhiwei Shen,
• Bin Li,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 900–906, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.84

• AFM tip in PF-QNM mode is shown in Figure 2. The height images of a single-layered GO sheet, which was chemically reduced (thus named as CRGO) by saturated hydrazine vapour on a mica surface, showed little change when the AFM tip bias increased from 0 to 10 V under ambient conditions (room temperature

• vapour of hydrazine monohydrate (85 wt % in water, Sinopharm) in a sealed Petri dish at 80 °C for 1 h. Thermal reduction of GO was carried out in a vacuum oven at 180 °C for 15 min. A hybrid GO/RGO sample was made by depositing another drop of GO solution onto the substrate on which reduced GO had been

• reduced by saturated hydrazine vapor at 80 °C for 1 h) and TRGO (thermally reduced at 180 °C for 15 min) plotted against different biases of the AFM tip. XPS spectra of (b) GO, (c) CRGO and (d) TRGO. The peaks 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the coloured curves correspond to C=C/C–C in aromatic rings, C–O (epoxy and

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• known to be active in numerous reactions associated with noble metals, such as CO2 hydrogenation, water gas shift, alcohol synthesis and hydrazine decomposition. Here, CH4/H2 atmosphere was not used during calcination, which was much safer and facile when compared to other methods [27]. Raman

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• 2% to 24% following reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The same results were confirmed by Shen and Tian's group [15][16]. It was also reported that the fluorescence intensity of graphene quantum dots reduced by hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) can be enhanced to more than two times that of the

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• AgSCN structures can not only improve the utilization of visible light, but can also trap the photogenerated electrons to enhance the catalytic efficiency and stability. In the present work, a nanostructured Ag@AgSCN plasmonic photocatalyst was achieved by using hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent

• /silver thiocyanate nanostructures (Ag@AgSCN). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K30, Beijing Reagent Co.) and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O, 85 wt %, Shanghai Chemical Co.) were used as stabilizer and reducing agent, respectively. For the photocatalytic test, oxytetracycline was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• -Aldrich. Cyclohexane, isopropyl alcohol, hydrazine, acetone, AOT (dioctylsulfosuccinate sodium salt) obtained from POCH S.A. (Poland) were used without further purification. F12 medium, streptomycin and penicillin, glutamine, and heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS Hi) were purchased from Gibco® Life

• microemulsion containing the reducing agent (hydrazine). Titanium isopropoxide was added into the microemulsion system containing Au and Pd nanoparticles. The microemulsions were mixed and purged with nitrogen for 24 h and the obtained precipitate was washed, dried and calcined for 3 h at different temperatures

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• and ultrasonicated for another 1 h. The GO/MnO2 solution was filtered on a PVDF membrane by a vacuum filtration technique. In order to reduce the GO to graphene, the as-synthesized GO/MnO2 was subjected to a hydrazine solution after filtration of GO. 5.6 mL of a hydrazine solution was slowly poured

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• ], chemically converted graphene [49], or reduced graphene [50]. For the chemical reduction of GO, hydrazine monohydrate and dimethylhydrazine have been used extensively as they do not react with water and have the attractive option for reducing GO in an aqueous dispersion [51][52][53]. Though hydrazine

• effectively removes the oxygen functional group from GO, it also introduces heteroatom impurities such as N2 which form amines, hydrazones or other similar functional groups covalently attached on the sheet of graphene [54]. NaBH4 has been demonstrated as being more effective than hydrazine as a reducing

Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Paula Ciaurriz,
• Fátima Fernández,
• Edurne Tellechea,
• Jose F. Moran and
• Aaron C. Asensio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 244–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.27

• (Ab) and HRP were oxidized with periodate and incubated with the linker hydrazine dithiol. Briefly, 100 μL of Ab 1 mg/mL was incubated with 30 μL of 100 mM phosphate pH 7.4 and 10 μL of periodate 100 mM protected from light for 30 min. In the case of peroxidase, 200 μL of HRP 3 mg/mL were incubated

• with 20 μL of periodate 100 mM protected from light for 20 min. After these incubation times, 500 μL of PBS were added respectively to quench the reaction. Thereafter, 1.97 μL of 23.5 mM linker hydrazine dithiol were added and mixed for 2 h at room temperature protected from light. The proteins were