Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• , matrix, and microneedle systems [24][25][26]. In addition, enteric-coated solid dosage forms for oral administration have shown significant improvement in providing better absorption and targeted delivery [27][28]. In this study, due to high water solubility of DCS (Log P = −1.72) and difficulty to

• dissolving DCS in organic solvents to fabricate the matrix patch formulation, only reservoir patch formulations of DCS in well-suspended (DCS nanocrystals) or emulsified (DCS water solution) forms were feasible to evaluate transdermal drug delivery. Coating drugs with pharmaceutically biocompatible enteric

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• radicals, preventing oxidative stress and cellular damage thanks to their diverse size and surface properties. Administering platinum NPs to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice significantly decreased the infarct volume, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation, and the generation

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• Figure 2c, and the fit parameters are given in Table 1. The model was initially given for a matrix in which conducting particles are dispersed in a polymer matrix and are separated by tunnel junctions. In this model, the conductivity in the film is determined by the number of conductive paths, N, and the

• can be considered as a matrix of grains and grain boundaries (GBs), where the grains are separated by the GBs and have different resistivities [31]. Hence, the tunneling + destruction model might indeed be an appropriate physical representation of the nano/microstructure of NCG. The model explains

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• hypertrophy and parasite load, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and the levels and activities of cardiopathogenic biomarker enzymes and cytokines/chemokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL5), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and inducible enzymes (cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase) implicated

• microfluidics, are still too costly for routine research in developing countries [138][139]. The therapeutic performance of intravenous nanomedicines strongly depends on the anatomical pathological context, mainly on the extent of inflammation or retention permeation effect, and the extracellular matrix

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• and carbon black pigment in an oily matrix [22]. (This procedure is very close to ISO 787-24). The L* value represents the ability of a titanium dioxide pigment to efficiently scatter light, whereas the b* value indicates whether the scattered light has longer or shorter wavelength, that is, whether

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• between the sample and the tip was confirmed, and the potential of using sharp structures to describe the tip structure was examined. Distinct matrix arrays were created for the tip and the sample shapes. To produce an image of a sample matrix using a tip matrix, the tip matrix was positioned

• perpendicularly above the sample matrix. When the tip apex touched the sample, the difference between the tip and sample matrices was calculated to determine the position of the tip apex. The position of the tip apex was then recorded, and the tip apex was moved horizontally to contact the next pixel of the

• sample matrix. This process was repeated until all points on the sample matrix had been scanned. The resulting image comprised the recorded height information of the tip apex. Figure 4 illustrates the two tip shapes used in the simulation, a blunt tip with a tip diameter of 20 nm at a distance of 5 nm

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• superconducting systems, going beyond the traditional assumption of spatially uncorrelated disorder. In particular, we investigate the influence of disorder correlations on key spectroscopic superconductor properties, including the density of states, as well as on the matrix elements of the superconducting

• localization of Cooper pairs near the transition. In addition, in the presence of significant disorder, almost localized electronic wave functions show their fractal nature [50], which leads to an increase of the interaction matrix elements near the superconductor–insulator transition. This work elucidates how

• not so crucially important, we assume that the mean-field results for the 2D model can serve as at least a qualitative guidance for 3D superconductors. The mean-field HFB approximation for the model in Equation 1 gives rise to the Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) equations which can be written as a matrix

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• , GO has quite poor compatibility with NR. It is necessary to modify GO to have a better interaction with the NR matrix. Various researchers have attempted to functionalize GO with silane coupling agents to prepare hybrid GO/silica fillers [25][26]. The concept is based on the hydrolysis and

• -glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane used in epoxy nanocomposites [27] or reduced GO/vinyltrimethoxy silane used in low-density polyethylene nanocomposites [28]. Additionally, Charoenchai et al. [29] prepared a hybrid silica/graphene oxide, GO/VTES, catalyzed under basic conditions. The hybrid filler was introduced into the NR matrix

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• studies on CdSe/ZnS nanodots as dopants in a polymer–fullerene matrix for application in organic solar cells. An assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester was used as the active reference layer. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as the dispersion

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• consistently manufacturing PAAO with the targeted thickness. An electrochemical cell with an optical window was designed for reflectance spectroscopy of PAAO during anodization. Real-time fitting of spectra to a transfer-matrix model enabled continuous monitoring of the thickness growth of the PAAO layer

• the reflectance spectra to a multilayer model of a water–PAAO–aluminum system using the transfer-matrix method (TMM) [22]. Previously, TMM has been employed only for post-production thickness analysis of PAAO-based stratified systems [13][23]. In the present study, it allowed for continuous in situ

• consistent production of PAAO films with thicknesses of approximately 250–300 nm and above. The method relies on fitting the measured reflectance spectra to a transfer-matrix model that features a single alumina layer with a constant effective refractive index. The thickness values obtained in situ during

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• researchers due to their unique characteristics. First, high porosity and large surface-to-volume ratio of nanofiber scaffolds give the material the potential to be exposed to the biological media for drug release. Besides, 3D nanofiber scaffolds resemble the natural extracellular matrix, promoting nutrients

• nanofiber compositions [11][12][13]. For a long-term drug release, hydrophobic polymers are chosen for the preparation of drug-loaded nanofiber scaffolds. This is because the hydrophobicity of the polymer could form air gaps, slowing matrix hydration and suppressing drug diffusion from the nanofibers [14

• worthwhile mentioning that the hybrid cross-linked nanofibers in this work were made of a mixture of a hydrophilic polymeric matrix (polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose) and a hydrophobic polymer (polycaprolactone) [16]. Interestingly, the nature of the drug and the drug–polymer compatibility

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• composite acted as an electrocatalyst in the oxygen evolution reaction. Morphological studies confirmed that the added particles were incorporated and, in the case of a higher concentration of cCB particles, also bound to the surface of the structure of the hydrogel matrix. The produced composite materials

• catalytic activity of the electrode in the oxygen evolution reaction. The use of a hydrogel as a matrix to suspend the catalyst particles, and thus increase their availability through the electrolyte, seems to be an interesting and promising application approach. Keywords: electrical properties; energy

• the morphology also facilitates the penetration by the electrolyte, the diffusion of ions to electroactive sites, and the rapid release of the reaction, thus promoting the kinetics of the reaction and achieving higher efficiency of the catalyst built into the 3D structure [19]. The hydrogel matrix

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• following the Ambisome® path. Nanostructured lipid carriers Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipid-based formulations with a solid matrix at room temperature that differ from solid lipid nanoparticles when it comes to their matrix organizational level. Nanostructured lipid carriers offer advantages

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• receiving system as a prototype for the 210/240 GHz auxiliary channels of the LSPE mission. Results and Discussion Numerical modeling of the antenna matrix with CEBs As a receiving system prototype for LSPE, it is proposed to use a matrix of dipole antennas with integrated CEBs as sensitive elements [24

• ] (Figure 1a). The basic element of the receiving matrix is a dipole bow-tie antenna, in the gap of which the CEB is embedded (Figure 1b). This matrix is located on a silicon substrate, which is 260 µm thick. Since the operation of the CEB in the matrix is assumed to be in the voltage bias mode, the

• elements of the receiving matrix are connected to each other in parallel. The matrix of receiving elements will be located under the opening of the back-to-back horn, similar to the one used for the LSPE-SWIPE project, with a diameter of 4 mm. Accordingly, the receiving elements of the 210 and 240 GHz

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• a zero-order kinetic, that means, it constantly releases the encapsulated drug [17]. In opposition, nanospheres are matrix systems formed by polymers without a central core. During the administration, the matrix erodes and the drug diffuses, resulting in a first-order kinetic drug release, that is

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• had a rounded bottom. The space between the pillars and holes were around 860 nm and 330 nm, respectively. The wettability of a surface is a good predictor of protein adsorption and bioactivity [20]. For the extracellular matrix protein laminin, good adsorption and cell growth have been found on

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• adiabatic approximation, we can form the density matrix of the system in the instantaneous basis |ψn(t)⟩ as In the Born–Markov approximation, the dissipative dynamic of a quantum system is described by an adiabatic generalised equation for the density matrix [49]. In terms of the instantaneous basis in the

• states of the system, and Uid is the matrix of an ideal qubit gate. For the “NOT” operation shown in Figure 2a for l = 2.63 and D = 0.0044, taking into account the optimisation of the pulse parameters Δt, according to Figure 2g and Figure 5, we can get the fidelity of the operation F = 99.99%. We can

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• with the application of a light pulse (i.e., a curve is recorded at each point of the surface along a 2D grid). Again, a differential SPV image can be reconstructed from the matrix of spectroscopic curves [5]. However, this approach is not free from artefacts, in particular the cantilever photothermal

• single spectroscopic curve, and tens of hours to several days are needed to map a 2D matrix of data. Last, G-mode KPFM requires analysis of large datasets acquired with high-speed data capture [12]. A few years ago, Borgani and Haviland presented an interesting alternative for time-resolved SPV

• of the post-data acquisition data treatment (automated adjustment of the matrix of spectroscopic curves by batch processing with OriginPro software) are presented in Figure 4, along with the topographic image recorded simultaneously pixel by pixel with the spectroscopic curves. Note that the

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• normalized to the corresponding voltage applied to each point. Properties of PZT [35][36] and LNO films [37]. Compliance matrix elements (elastic compliance constants, Sij) and coupling matrix elements (piezoelectric coefficients, dij) have the units of and , respectively. Supporting Information Supporting

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• h at room temperature under stirring. After another washing in aqua dest. the MnCO3 matrix was dissolved using 0.25 M EDTA. After 30 min incubation time, 0.2 mg/mL NaBH4 in 0.1 M NaOH was added to prevent oxidation of Hb to met-Hb. Incubation for another 30 min followed. After triplicate washing in

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• ]. The authors used carboxylic acids to modify graphene nanolayers, and then performed in situ synthesis of different MOF-74 materials on the graphene matrix via a solvothermal method (Figure 5). Although the surface area of composites was only slightly increased compared to the initial materials, the

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• improved the film-making process by adding fillers to P(VDF-TrFE), using secondary polarization, and applying other methods to enhance its piezoelectric performance. Kumar et al. prepared P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO matrix composite nanogenerators using electrospinning. Voltage and current of these nanogenerators were

• flexible piezoelectric thin film heart sound sensor was developed, and a heart sound detection and classification system was built based on this sensor. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene (GR) fillers were added to the P(VDF-TrFE) matrix, and P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR composite piezoelectric nanofilms were prepared

• used to classify normal and abnormal heart sound samples in the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2016 database, and the classification accuracy was 87%. Hence, the KNN heart sound classification model has a higher accuracy for the classification of normal and abnormal heart sound signals. The confusion matrix

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• observed by transmission electron microscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and small-angle X-ray scattering analyses of the nanoparticles indicated that BNZ might be dispersed in the nanoparticle matrix in an amorphous state. The

• the nanoparticle thermogram, indicating that BNZ was dispersed within the lipid matrix [24]. Correlating with the lower enthalpy of fusion, the CI (%) value of the nanoparticles was lower than that of the bulk myristyl myristate. Lipid molecules could be less ordered in the nanoparticles than in the

• the 3000 cm−1 region – 2910 cm−1, 2883 cm−1, and 2854 cm−1 – due to the presence of the lipid and surfactant). In contrast, the spectra did not show peaks that could be linked to BNZ, suggesting that drug molecules were not on the nanoparticle surface but rather dispersed into the lipid matrix [24

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• formation of a charge-transfer complex between chemisorbed species and matrix material, which yields enhancement when the excitation frequency resonates with a charge-transfer transition [7]. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have gained much popularity in various fields, such as analytical chemistry and

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• nanocomposites using saccharides, such as alginate, cyclodextrin, and lactose. This method allows for the loading of metallic ions onto the nanocomposite, followed by their reduction to nanoparticles [36][37]. The nanocomposite matrix can release silver in appropriate environments, exhibiting pH-dependent