Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• force of the skin. Successful insertion is achieved upon reaching sufficient penetration depth and creating microchannels within the skin. However, the skin’s inherent elasticity and its irregular surface, with the tendency to fold around MN projections, result in unpredictable array penetration

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• was more than 50 times. The combination of flexible valves and PDMS microchannels optimizes the optical transparency and durability of microvalves. A pneumatically coupled graphene membrane pump was designed by Davidovikj et al. [78], which is selectively permeable to gases in a controllable way, as

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• by GCoS. (a) Overview, (b) microneedle outlet and shank, (c) inlet with microchannels, (d) outlet with microchannels, (e,f) cross-section of microchannels with two and five cavities. (g) A coronal brain cross-section micrograph with the infusion of a dye at the posterior nucleus, (h) a horizontal

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• materials for microdevices (e.g., microchannels and microfluidic circuits). Recently, scientists began to explore more complex structures of magnetic MNRs, such as flagella-driven magnetic microswimmers and magnetic micro- and nanomotors. In the article of Zhou et al. [55], several kinds of MNRs driven by

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• spectroscopy [36]. The working principle of the detector can be summarized as follows: At the front side of the MCP, SEs are produced by the impact of the impinging energetic particles (He ions and atoms). These SEs are drawn into the microchannels due to the applied bias. The number of SEs is multiplied by

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• -covered glass wafers to ensure all the internal walls had the same zeta potential. These microchannels were designed to include an inlet and an outlet liquid reservoir in which electrodes are placed, and an array of PDMS insulating posts located at the center of the channel (Figure 2b and Figure S1

• assay using BSA standard for the standard curve. Particle fluorescence was confirmed using a Leica DMi8 inverted microscope (Wetzlar, Germany), which was paired with a Leica DFC7000 T camera and the software LASX provided by the manufacturer. Microdevice fabrication Microchannels with oval insulating

• (MicroChem, Newton MA). After curing, the PDMS slab was sealed with a PDMS-coated glass wafer using a corona wand (Electro Technic Products, Chicago, IL), creating microchannels where all the internal surfaces are made of PDMS and have the same wall zeta potential (ζW), ensuring consistent EO flow. The

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• membrane stress, which is enhanced by the photothermal effect upon sunlight irradiation [102]. Antibacterial continuous flow poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microreactors with microchannels were fabricated using catechol-grafted poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and NIR-active Cs0.33WO3 nanoparticles [103]. Upon NIR

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• details are given in the Experimental section at the end of this paper. Similarly to other optothermal trap designs [31][32], the approach is free of any prior modifications of the substrate such as electrodes, microchannels, biochemical or local inhomogeneous surface modifications and can thus be

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• fragments with heterogeneous, but well defined, structures. This was probably due to the presence and movement of water that was removed due to the freeze-drying process. Besides, the portion of the microstructures or microchannels exhibiting exposed breakage (Figure 4B) were probably due to the interaction

Effects of surface charge and boundary slip on time-periodic pressure-driven flow and electrokinetic energy conversion in a nanotube

• Mandula Buren,
• Yongjun Jian,
• Yingchun Zhao,
• Long Chang and
• Quansheng Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1628–1635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.158

• large for nanoscale flow. Many researchers investigated the influences of the surface charge and the boundary slip on micro- and nanoscale flows [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Among these, Yang and Kwok [11][12] studied time-periodic pressure-driven flows in circular and parallel-plate microchannels with

• absolute value of surface charge density increases. Many researchers [22][23][24][25][26][27] theoretically investigated the effects of the surface charge-dependent slip on the fluid flows and heat transfers in microtubes and parallel-plate microchannels. Recently, Buren et al. [28] studied the effect of

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• contrast, local light scattering, high-resolution surface roughness gradients or microchannels. This set of extensions for rutile TiO2 nanorod applications is a valuable toolkit for lab-on-a-chip devices [33][34][35]. Recently, we investigated the influence of rutile seed layers on the growth and shape of

Optimal fractal tree-like microchannel networks with slip for laminar-flow-modified Murray’s law

• Dalei Jing,
• Shiyu Song,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xiaoming Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 482–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.46

• length at every single channel wall, the diameter of the microchannels at the newly generated level decreases with the increase of level number, and the effect of slip on the fluid flow in the newly generated channels becomes stronger. Thus, a smaller optimal diameter ratio is needed for the microchannel

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• stamp rendering 20 μm microchannels. Three different thiolated probe solutions (5 μM in 25 mM TRIS buffer, 150 mM NaCl, 1 μM TCEP, pH 8.2) were introduced into separated channels for 60 min biomolecule insertion. The microchannel stamp was then quickly separated from the Au substrate in a deionized

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• the N–I transition temperature. This technique allowed us to obtain a uniform mixture without any sedimentation, which could plug the microchannels of the PCF and hinder (or even prevent) the infiltration process. Synthesis of liquid crystal–Au nanoparticle composites The Au NP-doped LC mixture was

PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• chemical reactions and microreactor design, QDs of different characteristics can be synthesized. In addition, microreactor systems with microchannels made from poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) capillaries provide a stable environment for the chemical reactions involving air-sensitive materials. Currently

• fraction of iodine ions led increase the wavelength of the PL peak of the alloyed CsPbBrxI3−x QDs. Experimental Microreactor system Figure 7 shows the schematic diagram of the PTFE-based microreactor system. Precursors were rapidly preheated in the preheat segment, which consists of two microchannels of

• of CsPbX3 QDs. A three-dimensional serpentine microchannel was constructed by interlacing a PTFE capillary (600 μm inner diameter) along two parallel metal bars (800 μm outer diameter). The PTFE capillaries were used as the microreactor and microchannels. Further nucleation and growth of the CsPbX3

Diffusion of dilute gas in arrays of randomly distributed, vertically aligned, high-aspect-ratio cylinders

• Wojciech Szmyt,
• Carlos Guerra and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 64–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.7

• nanopores has been developed by Martin Knudsen more than a century ago [23][24]. Knudsen’s theory handles surface collisions of molecules by diffusive reflection (following Lambert’s cosine law) and neglects specular reflection. It has been successfully and widely tested for microchannels and nanopores [25

The difference in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids measured by different methods and its rationalization

• Aparna Zagabathuni,
• Sudipto Ghosh and
• Shyamal Kumar Pabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2037–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.194

• measuring methods reported in the literature, and fully accounts for the different results from the two measuring methods mentioned above. This analysis also gives an indication that the nanofluids are unlikely to be effective for heat transfer in microchannels. Keywords: Brownian movement; collision

Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• processing of ceramic material, and the possibility to integrate advanced functionality like buried active or passive components, heat sinks, sensors, actuators, microchannels, and energy harvesters in the package in one firing step during the processing [15]. The LTCC is tailor-made from multiple layers

Electroviscous effect on fluid drag in a microchannel with large zeta potential

• Dalei Jing and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.226

• the channel wall and the fast decay of electrical potential in the EDL when the zeta potential is large enough. Keywords: electroviscous effect; microchannels; pressure-driven flow; slip length; zeta potential; Introduction With the development of advanced fabrication techniques, micro/nano electro

• microchannels and nanochannels. Yang and Kwok [20] studied the effect of EDL with small zeta potential and slip on fluid flow in a microcircular channel. Soong and Wang [21] studied the effect of non-overlapping EDL with asymmetric small zeta potential on the mass and heat transfer of the fluid flow in the

Low-cost formation of bulk and localized polymer-derived carbon nanodomains from polydimethylsiloxane

• Juan Carlos Castro Alcántara,
• Mariana Cerda Zorrilla,
• Lucia Cabriales,
• Luis Manuel León Rossano and
• Mathieu Hautefeuille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 744–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.76

• -wall carbon nanotubes are left inside microchannels and preliminary results seem to indicate that laser ablation could offer a tuning control of the nature and optical properties of the nanodomains that are left inside micropatterns with on-demand geometries. These low-cost methods look particularly

• temperatures reached during incandescence produce carbon nanodomains locally. The composition of the residues was then studied with Raman spectroscopy (Figure 3). This characterization showed residual materials structures inside microchannels similar to what was found after bulk PDC formation by using the CVD

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14