Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• transmission electron microscopy. Also, specific surface area and photoluminescence with optical absorbance were evaluated. By varying the synthesis parameters (especially the working pressure), different TiO2 nanopowders were obtained, whose photodegradation properties were tested compared to a commercial

• obtained powders are presented in Figure 1. The calcined TiO2 nanopowders show both anatase and rutile phases, corresponding to ICDD database powder diffraction files (PDFs) no. #04-002-2751 and #04-008-7850, respectively. The ratio between anatase and rutile phases has been calculated using the equations

• , TO-650-a, and TO-850-a nanopowders are 17.3, 17.0, 15.5, and 22.0 nm, respectively. These values are in good agreement with the mean crystallites size calculated from XRD investigations. The number of the bigger particles (60–70 nm) in the TO-850-a powder increases, possibly due to enhanced

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• and internal structure, and the main mechanisms involved in the formation of binary Cu–Au nanoparticles upon deposition from a gaseous medium. Computer Model Synthesis from the gas phase is one of the main physical methods used for producing nanopowders. However, since particle formation reactions

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• to some Zn clusters [43]. A peak at 40.5° marked with an asterisk in Figure 6b was previously found in ZnO nanopowders prepared by the sol–gel method with zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor [44]. In contrast to this, only peaks related to the Zn0.8Mg0.2O phase are observed in the film annealed at

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• Haën AG), thiourea SC(NH2)2 (TU, Merck), and ethylene glycol (EG, 99%, Alfa Aesar). The solvothermal approach used in this work exploits TU as a sulfide source in a one-pot synthesis with the solvent and the metal salts similar to the synthesis of FeS2 and Cu2ZnSnS4 [35][45] nanopowders. In a two-neck

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• selectivity to target gases. The aim of this work is the comparison of gas sensing properties of tin dioxide in the form of individual nanowires and nanopowders obtained by sol–gel synthesis. This comparison is necessary because the traditional synthesis procedures of small particle, metal oxide materials

• considerably smaller amounts of hydroxy groups compared to the nanopowders. This leads to a decrease in the parasitic sensitivity of the sensing materials to humidity. In addition, we demonstrated that the nanowires are characterized by a nearly single-crystalline structure, ensuring higher stability of the

• sensor response due to the unlikelihood of sample recrystallization. The results from the ammonia detection experiments showed that the ratio of the sensor response to the surface area exhibits similar values for both the individual nanowire and nanopowders-based sensor materials. Keywords: gas sensors

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• the high coercivity observed in TetEG at 300 and 10 K. Thus, for equal nanoparticle sizes, equal time of reaction and equal composition, the TetEG solvent seems to optimize the magnetic behavior of the nanopowders in regard to the targeted applications. Additionally, they present saturation

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• were performed. In general, both analyses showed that the Zn percentage increases with increasing ZnEt2 flow, accompanied at the same time by a decrease in the amount of F in the nanopowders when the same SF6 flow was employed. The Raman spectra of the nanoparticles show the influence of both Zn and F

• identified on the crystallite surface, most likely being composed of the amorphous (hydrogenated) carbon derived from alkylmetal precursors as discussed before. The values of the mean diameters for all the doped samples are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that in the ZTOst and ZTO0.05 nanopowders, by

• qualitative information via phononic behavior regarding the crystalline nature of materials, is a useful tool for investigating disorder in oxide materials. Figure 4a presents a typical room temperature Raman spectra of as-synthesized F or Zn/F-doped SnO2 nanopowders. The Raman spectra analyzed in this work

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• different properties of nanopowders and their effect on different cell lines are missing. The aim of this study was to perform a complex, multi-technique physicochemical characterization of ten types of hydroxyapatite nanopowders and to determine their property-dependent influence on living cells. This

• quantitative analysis of nanopowders [54]. AFM allowed for 3D topography reconstruction and phase-contrast acquisition yielding for deeper insight into nanoscale features of the tested materials. It is important to note that nanoparticle imaging requires scanning probes with a small tip radius, otherwise the

• boundaries more clearly than the topographical images. Hence, these maps were used for shape quantification of the HAp NPs (Table 2). AFM imaging of nanopowders is a challenging task. The phase-contrast maps acquisition parameters were changed accordingly to record high-resolution, quality images. The

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• ,D in Supporting Information File 1), finding the same spinel crystalline planes as previously reported in literature for Fe3O4 nanopowders [32]. Hence, the synthesized particles are crystalline. Regarding the yield of the reaction both synthesis delivered comparable nanoparticle yields after washing

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• salt crystallites could also be reduced to ≤50 nm by freezing in a liquid nitrogen atmosphere, which is a significant improvement over analogous salts obtained by traditional methods (average diameter 300–1000 nm). The characterization of the obtained nanopowders was carried out using X-ray diffraction

• protective coating with a thickness of 2–3 nm on the surface of NaNO3 crystallites, preventing their association. The results obtained show that the cryochemical processing of the solutions during the preparation phase of production allows nanopowders to be obtained with improved morphological and textural

• solutions and suspensions using a swirler [15]. In this paper, we investigated the possibility of obtaining metal oxide and salt nanopowders from microemulsions and solutions using a cryochemical approach. It was shown that treatment of the stock solutions and sols with a liquid nitrogen stream (−196 °C

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• emission peaks cannot be resolved. As a comparison, the spot size used to excite the defects in this work was 280 nm. This paper presents exploratory optical studies of various TiO2 morphologies. For the first time, defects in TiO2 thin films and nanopowders exhibited single-photon emission. Standard

• morphologies was to determine if room-temperature single-photon emitters exist. Figure 2 shows representative 100 × 100 μm2 confocal scans of the TiO2 samples including thin films, single crystal and nanopowders. The films were synthesized as described above, single crystals and nanopowders were purchased (MTI

• had an orientation of (001) with edges of , and a purity greater than 99.99%. Figure 2e is a representative confocal scan and is devoid of fluorescent features. Anatase and rutiles nanopowders were dispersed into water and IPA. Figure 2f–i show fluorescent features from point-like objects alongside

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• nm, respectively from a solution containing an average particle size of 64 nm. After RDX and HMX, CL-20 was successfully processed the same way resulting in a median diameter of 180 nm, as determined by SEM [8]. For the three compounds, the nanopowders were found to be less sensitize than their

Photocatalysis applications of some hybrid polymeric composites incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles and their combinations with SiO₂/Fe₂O₃

• Andreea Laura Chibac,
• Tinca Buruiana,
• Violeta Melinte and
• Emil C. Buruiana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 272–286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.30

• ) TiO2, (b) TiO2/SiO2, (c) TiO2/Fe2O3 and (d) TiO2/SiO2/Fe2O3 nanopowders. FTIR spectra of TiO2 (a), TiO2/SiO2 (b) TiO2/Fe2O3 (c) and TiO2/SiO2/Fe2O3 (d). EDX spectra of S1–S4 hybrid composites recorded in cross section and mappings of titanium, silicon and iron. XRD patterns and TEM images (inset) for

Nanocrystalline TiO₂/SnO₂ heterostructures for gas sensing

• Barbara Lyson-Sypien,
• Anna Kusior,
• Mieczylaw Rekas,
• Jan Zukrowski,
• Marta Gajewska,
• Katarzyna Michalow-Mauke,
• Thomas Graule,
• Marta Radecka and
• Katarzyna Zakrzewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 108–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.12

• heterojunctions for hydrogen sensing. Nanopowders of pure SnO2, 90 mol % SnO2/10 mol % TiO2, 10 mol % SnO2/90 mol % TiO2 and pure TiO2 have been obtained using flame spray synthesis (FSS). The samples have been characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, Mössbauer effect and impedance spectroscopy. Gas-sensing

• preadsorption at the surface of SnO2 grains. In the publications about the TiO2–SnO2 system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17] for improved gas sensing, one can find different types of materials: thick and thin films, nanostructures such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanobelts, nanopowders as well

• –SnO2 system prepared by flame spray synthesis with application to gas sensing. Flame spray synthesis is a well-known and efficient method for the synthesis of crystallized metal oxide nanopowders with particular morphology, e.g., spherical, monodispersed nanoparticles of TiO2 with good photocatalytic

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• measured using a helium pycnometer (AccuPyc II 1340, Micromeritics) at 24 ± 2 °C, according to ISO 12154:2014. Specific surface area (SSA). SSA of the nanopowders was measured by analysis of the BET isotherm method using a Gemini 2360 instrument by Micromeritics according to ISO 9277:2010. Before the

• presented by Smolen et al. [26][27] in terms of controlling the Ca/P molar ratio of HAp NPs are as follows: the use a different type of precursor, a different manner of flushing, and a different manner of drying. The density of the HAp Type 1–Type 6 nanopowders was 2.86 to 3.03 g/cm3 (Table 4). Literature

• data show that the density of hydroxyapatite nanopowders is 3.05 g/cm3 [45]. For Type 1–Type 3 powders, the density values were lower by 4–6%. Such a difference results from the nano-size of the particles of the obtained nanopowder. In the case of nanomaterials, a decrease in density is observed in

Influence of synthesis conditions on microstructure and phase transformations of annealed Sr₂FeMoO_6−x nanopowders formed by the citrate–gel method

• Marta Yarmolich,
• Nikolai Kalanda,
• Sergey Demyanov,
• Herman Terryn,
• Jon Ustarroz,
• Maksim Silibin and
• Gennadii Gorokh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1202–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.111

• correlation between the citrate–gel synthesis conditions (pH of initial solutions and annealing temperature) and the microstructure and phase transformations of the Sr2FeMoO6−x nanopowders. Results and Discussion Figure 1a–c shows representative field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of

• -4 should be distinguished, which has a higher degree of the superstructural ordering of Fe and Mo than the SFMO-6 and SFMO-9 powders. Nevertheless, according to the heat capacity temperature dependences (dCp/dT) of the nanopowders, which were measured in the temperature range 120–450 K, the λ-type

• collected with an angular step of 0.05° at 5 s per step. The XRD patterns were refined using the ICSD-PDF2 (Release 2000) database and the FULLPROF [19] and PowderCell [25] Rietveld refinement programs. The heat capacity of the nanopowders of SFMO-4, SFMO-6, and SFMO-9 were measured in the temperature range

Manufacturing and investigation of physical properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibre composites with SiO₂, TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles

• Tomasz Tański,
• Wiktor Matysiak and
• Barbara Hajduk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1141–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.106

• morphology of the reinforcing phase, an X-ray analysis and a structural analysis of the applied ceramic nanopowders were carried out. In order to analyse the morphology and structure of the nanoparticles, an FEI Titan 80-300 high-resolution transmission electron microscope, which allows for imaging in the

• line was observed, the so-called widening of the liquid, which indicates an amorphous crystal structure (Figure 2). The angular position of the diffraction line was, according to data contained in the ICDD JCPDS database, that of amorphous SiO2. Figure 3 shows TEM images of the studied nanopowders

• used strengthening phase, which, in turn, lead to the formation of visible agglomerates of nanoparticles. Based on the SEM analysis of the surface topography of the produced fibrous mats and TEM analysis of the particle size of the used nanopowders, it can be concluded that the formation of defects in

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• or 1 mol %, loose nanopowders were obtained. It can be noticed that the average particle size decreases with increasing content of Mn2+ dopant in the NPs. The average particle size decreases from circa 30–35 nm to 15–25 nm with an increase in the content of Mn2+ dopant from 0 to 20 mol %. In the case

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• -142 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.6.200 Abstract Zinc oxide nanopowders doped with 1–15 mol % cobalt were produced by the microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS) technique. The obtained nanoparticles were

• paramagnetic behavior, and also, whether annealing of the synthesized powders will lead to Co clustering and the appearance of a FM response. Results and Discussion Nanopowder characterization SEM images of undoped and 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15% Co-doped ZnO nanopowders in their as-produced state (before annealing

• concentration was used to identify the samples. The color of synthesized Zn1−xCoxO varied from pure white (undoped), to light green, to dark green, as the Co composition increased from 0 to 15 mol % (Figure 5). The XRD results for the nanopowders directly after synthesis and after annealing in nitrogen and

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• cm−1. The quality of the nanopowders was observed using a Tecnai G2 X-TWIN transmission electron microscope (TEM). The analysis of the crystal structure was carried out using an Agilent Technologies SuperNova X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with a Mo microfocused source (Mo Kα = 0.713067 Å). The thermal

• penetration. TEM microscopy The morphology of magnetite nanopowders before (as prepared) and after heating at 500 °C was observed by TEM on the powdered sample supported on a 400 mesh Cu grid covered by amorphous carbon. The obtained images are depicted in series in Figure 2. In Figure 2, six images of

Structure and mechanism of the formation of core–shell nanoparticles obtained through a one-step gas-phase synthesis by electron beam evaporation

• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Sergey P. Bardakhanov,
• Makoto Schreiber,
• Dashima G. Bazarova,
• Nikolai A. Romanov,
• Boris B. Baldanov,
• Bair R. Radnaev and
• Viacheslav V. Syzrantsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.89

• rather than chemical compounds which are degraded into the final core or shell materials. Thus, this method may also be a more economical method of synthesising certain types of core–shell particles. Previous nanopowders synthesized with this method have been produced at kg/h rates [9][10][11]. As single

• .) spectrometer (130 eV energy resolution, 1 nm spatial resolution). To perform the measurements, the core–shell nanopowders were diluted in ethanol, subjected to ultrasonic dispersion, and precipitated onto a carbon film fixed to a copper grid. TEM micrograph of the Cu@silica nanoparticles. a) Overview, b

Low-cost formation of bulk and localized polymer-derived carbon nanodomains from polydimethylsiloxane

• Juan Carlos Castro Alcántara,
• Mariana Cerda Zorrilla,
• Lucia Cabriales,
• Luis Manuel León Rossano and
• Mathieu Hautefeuille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 744–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.76

• nanopowders. The SLA process produced nanocarbon residues inside micron-scale laser-etched PDMS channels with on-demand geometry. Dark and shiny domains were also observed by using polarized-light microscopy during which it was evidenced that the laser formation of the nanodomains is extremely localized. This

Size-dependent density of zirconia nanoparticles

• Agnieszka Opalinska,
• Iwona Malka,
• Wojciech Dzwolak,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Adam Presz and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 27–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.4

• effect of the surface layer on the NP density becomes particularly evident for NPs smaller than 50 nm, and thus, the density of nanoparticles is size dependent. Keywords: density; hydrothermal synthesis; hydroxy groups; nanometrology; nanopowders; zirconia; Introduction Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has a

• . Results and Discussion Phase composition and morphology of ZrO2 nanopowders The XRD patterns of ZrO2, which was synthesized at 5.5 MPa for 20 min and annealed at 500, 700, 900 and 1100 °C, are presented in Figure 1. It can be seen that powders synthesized with an annealing temperature above 700 °C

• conditions produced nanopowders coated with a surface layer of –OH groups. Annealing the powders at temperatures up to 500 °C did not cause an increase in the crystallite size. Annealing at a temperature of 200 °C converted the amorphous material to crystalline, which was attributed to the evaporation of

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• concentration in the range of 0–100% LEL with high sensitivity and selectivity. Experimental ZnO nanopowders were synthesized by a wet chemical method with zinc acetate dihydrate, Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and absolute ethanol (analytical reagents, Merck) as starting materials. In a typical

• were dispersed by using an 1800 grating monochromator (Horiba iHR550) and then detected by means of a thermoelectrically cooled Si-CCD camera (Synapse). X-ray diffraction patterns of ZnO and Pd/ZnO nanopowders. Typical nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm and BJH pore size distribution plots (inset