Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• using a solvothermal method. Subsequently, Fe3O4 NPs were coated with PDA in different ratios. The coating process involved the use of PDA in ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1, respectively. PDA can undergo polymerization resulting in the adsorption onto the surface of the negatively charged Fe3O4 NPs [22

• incorporated in the structure of PDA/Fe3O4 NPs during the polymerization of dopamine. It was observed that a significant portion of VNB in VNB/PDA/Fe3O4 NPs was absorbed within the polymer shell, while a small portion was retained on the surface [52]. According to FTIR analyses, drug-related features are

• critical aspect that warrants attention is the potential impact of different pH values on the oxidative capacity of the coating material polydopamine. This coating, formed through the polymerization of dopamine, plays a pivotal role in the drug delivery system. The variations in pH values can potentially

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• polymers or the polymerization of monomers [17]. The first one is more commonly describe in the literature, and the techniques usually employed to produce them include nanoprecipitation, solvent evaporation, emulsification/solvent diffusion, and emulsification/reverse salting out [18][19]. The main

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• hydrodynamic diameter of 3–4 nm at physiological pH [20]. The resulting number N of nanoparticles per milliliter and self-polymerization reaction yield η obtained with BSA/DA ratios of 3 and 10 were calculated with Equation 1 and Equation 2, respectively: where V is the volume of the NP solution remainder

• -polymerization of dopamine to (b) polydopamine or (c) to polydopamine nanoparticles in the presence of BSA (inspired from [13]). (d) Synthesis principle and photographic images of suspensions of fluorescent Ox-BSA/PDA NPs obtained by oxidation of pristine BSA/PDA NPs. (e) Synthesis principles and photographic

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• ), which were also visible under an optical (metallurgical) microscope (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3A). This was probably due to the polymerization of uncrosslinked PDMS in the mold nanoholes when the PDMS expands during PU casting (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3B). When lots of short

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• HBOCs have been devised. Crosslinking of different Hb chains, polymerization of Hb molecules [16][17][18], surface modification [19], and techniques for encapsulation [20][21] already brought us somewhat closer towards a safe use of HBOCs [22]. However, a persistent problem is the severely limited

• fractions (32 kDa to >600 kDa) was shown. Also polymerization, cross-linking, and cross-linking sites influenced the receptor’s affinity for individual HBOCs, while the origin of the utilized Hb seemed to be of no relevance [16]. Furthermore size dependence probably exists also in antibody-induced

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• increasing the antigen binding capacity and the conjugation efficiency [61]. These covalent conjugation methods are highly stable but associated with some drawbacks. These include aggregation and polymerization, cross-linking at multiple sites on the antibodies, the need for additional purification steps for

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• microneedles may become personalized according to a patient’s demographic in order to increase drug delivery efficiency and reduce healing times for patient-centric care. Keywords: 3D printing; microfabrication; microneedles; personalized medicine; transdermal drug delivery; two-photon polymerization

• that can overcome these challenges [27]. Specifically, light-based 3D printing techniques such as stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and two-photon polymerization (2PP) simplify the rapid prototyping workflow when compared to traditional micro- and nanofabrication methods [28][29

• objective) and large (ZEISS 10x NA 0.8 objective) feature sets. IPX-Q and IP-S are methacrylate photoresins; after polymerization, both materials are non-cytotoxic, as certified via external ISO-10993-5 commissioning. IP-S is a photoresin optimized for printing smooth microoptics with the medium solution

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• formed by sequential polymerization on paper substrates, to enhance their light capturing capability (Figure 6a) [32]. Transmission and diffuse reflectance measurements of the PPy nanosheets confirmed that the multilayer PPy nanosheets on the paper substrate exhibited a distinct broadband absorption in

• room temperature to produce APDA. During the polymerization, DHI or IQ moieties were formed by rearrangement of dopamine. The formed DHI and IQ moieties then reacted with each other or the amine groups of arginine. This was followed by further polymerization of DHI, IQ, arginine, and their oligomers

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• creating a self-assembled monolayer of a diacetylene compound (10,12-nonacosazinoic acid) adsorbed on a graphite surface and biased with a scanning tunneling microscope probe [111]. By positioning the probe at a specific site, the polymerization of the chains was induced within defined small regions, and

• the propagation of a linear polymerization reaction was successfully initiated and terminated at an arbitrary point. In other words, the polymerization reaction can be triggered at a desired position on the surface. If nanoscale processing and connections can be precisely controlled in this way

• , molecular nanoelectronics beyond current silicon-based device technologies can be realized. It also provides new scientific opportunities, such as measuring electrical conduction in structurally perfect one-dimensional materials and analyzing the propagation mechanism of chain polymerization. Thus, various

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• solvent [25]. The droplets of nanoemulsions produced by high-energy methods, for example, by sonication [26], show sizes larger than those from PIC method, and therefore the derived nanoparticles are also larger [27][28][29]. The preparation of various types of polymer nanoparticles by polymerization

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• condensation polymerization of the hydrolyzed precursor. Once colloidally stable nuclei form, growth ensues through monomer addition or coalescence and Ostwald ripening. The reactions involved in the Stöber process are described as follows: where Equation 2 is the ionization of the ammonia, Equation 3 is the

• hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane, Equation 4 is polymerization via alcohol condensation, and Equation 5 is polymerization via water condensation. The reaction solvent was prepared by mixing equal volumes of gradient grade (≥99.9%) ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) and deionized water (or a solution of the

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• -assembly ligand photo-cross-linking [26] or by adding monofunctional nanospheres into a suspension of bifunctional gold nanorods [27], it has been shown that the average degree of polymerization of the resulting chains can be controlled. The reduction of solvent quality may also be employed to induce the

• to synthesize 1-PSN with controlled patch size. First, silica/PS monopods consisting of a central silica core attached to one PS nodule (Figure 2a) have been prepared by seeded-growth emulsion polymerization of styrene, as reported elsewhere [32] (see experimental details). The silica core of the

• evolution of the average degree of polymerization, , defined as: where x is the number of 2-PSN in the chain and nx is the number of chains containing x 2-PSN (Figure 6b, magenta curve). The linear relationship, which can be observed at a short incubation time (t < 2 h), is characteristic of a reaction

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• polymerization of the deposited nonwoven, the sample carrier is mounted into a holder and the fixation of the screw is removed. Then defined forces are applied onto the piston by placing weights on it. The nonwoven has only negligible bending stiffness macroscopically and, thus, the piston-induced force can only

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• molecules are first mixed with monomers. Polymerization is then induced to form molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Finally, the immobilized chiral templates are eluted, leaving imprinted cavities for chiral recognition [41]. According to the shape, size, and functional groups of the cavities, MIPs can

• bulk polymerization method to fabricate poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) MIP films on QCM electrodes for detecting ʟ-tryptophan. The sensor film was highly selective with a detection limit of 0.73 ng/mL and did not respond to the structural analogous of ᴅ-tryptophan and ascorbic acid. The selectivity

• group of the analyte and pyridyl sites in MIPs. The MIP-based selectors on the QCM surface can be achieved not only by in situ polymerization but also by using premade MIP nanoparticles. Krozer et al. reported the fabrication of QCM chiral sensors by physically entrapping MIP nanoparticles into a spin

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• plate where it quickly solidifies [151]. In the microstereolithographic method, a prepared polymer or a mixture of polymers undergoes polymerization under the influence of a high-energy light source (e.g., UV radiation) [150]. Digital light processing (DLP) is also a technology based on

• photopolymerization of photosensitive polymers, but in this case each layer of the polymer is projected as whole [152]. A more complicated method is two‑photon polymerization (TPP), which uses a near-infrared beam instead of UV radiation. TPP initiates the polymerization of the resin by multiphoton absorption [153

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• . This method basically involves four phases, that is, condensation of the molecules followed by polymerization, carbonization, and passivation. Small molecules are condensed into intermediate chains and then polymerized into clusters of carbonaceous material. Carbonization of this material at elevated

• , and green synthesis strategy to prepare CDs by using whey (a major dairy waste). NMR analysis showed that during pyrolysis, polymerization of lactose, which is the main component of the green source used, takes place [69]. Sharma et al. reported Nigella sativa seeds for the preparation of CDs that act

• into small molecules. The obtained molecules were then converted into N-CDs by passing through polymerization, aromatization, and carbonization processes. Optimized conditions of 180 °C, 3 h time, and 80 μL EDA yielded N-CDs with a QY up to 33.15% [90]. A very good QY up to 53% was obtained by using

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• (e.g., quantum dots [12], molecules [13]) by a process known as two-photon polymerization (2PP) [14] where a photopolymer resist is illuminated with a focused laser at 780 nm and absorbs two photons simultaneously, which triggers a corresponding chemical reaction that solidifies the material to build

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• –usher polymerization pathway in Gram-negative microorganisms involved in pili protein synthesis [79]. For instance, the inhibitor targets pilus chaperone PapD, thereby reducing the adhesion to cell lines by 90% [80]. These pilicides inhibit curli formation in uropathogenic E. coli by preventing the

• polymerization of protein CsgA and FimC, the chaperone protein of the type-I pili [81]. Once in close contact with mammalian cells, bacteria begin to develop quasi-irreversible attachments by forming stronger bonds with the surface mediated by adhesion proteins or polysaccharides also binding to components of

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• condensation and polymerization reactions occurred between citric acid and nitrate to chelate metal ions. Subsequently, the gel was formed and transferred to a high-temperature furnace for pre-calcination by self-propagating combustion in an air environment of 300 °C. The combustion duration was 20 min to

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• depolymerize due to strong van der Waals and London attractive forces among the long polymer chains [13]. It must also be considered that thermal treatments can often be counterproductive as they intensify polymerization, harden the PMMA residues, and complicate the removal. Therefore, the way toward clean

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• master MN arrays (9 × 9) were fabricated using two-photon polymerization (TPP). A previous gap in the detailed characterization of the embossing process was investigated, showing an average of 4.99 ± 0.35% longitudinal shrinkage and 2.15 ± 0.96% lateral enlargement in the molded MN replicas. The effects

• setting. Keywords: hot embossing; microneedles; penetration efficiency; thermoplastic polymers; two-photon polymerization; Introduction During the past two decades, MN devices have become a promising tool for transdermal drug delivery, vaccination, and point-of-care diagnostics [1][2]. MNs are a

• power of 100 mW were selected after process optimization to reduce MN fabrication time and delamination from the substrate. GWL files are then imported to NanoWrite software (Nanoscribe GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany), which is synced with NanoScribe to initiate the polymerization. The IP-S negative-tone

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• the maturation of focal adhesions, and induces a downstream cascade of intracellular signals in the RhoA/ROCK pathway, thereby promoting breast cancer cell motility [11]. Dai et al. found that high-stiffness matrices regulate the morphology of MG63 osteosarcoma cells, promote actin polymerization and

• imaging of the cell membrane. We observed that prostate cancer cells exhibit a strong migration ability by sensing changes in the extracellular environment through actin polymerization and filamentous pseudopods. This is because the role of actin polymerisation in cell adhesion structure formation

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• of molecular dissociation and bond formation. In related efforts, on surface polymerization, a reaction of monomers in a two-dimensional confined space has developed rapidly in the last decades, representing a new strategy to create functional molecular nanostructures in a controlled fashion [6][7][8

• scenario, the polymerization is proceeded by random dimerization of the neighboring monomers and a local dimerization event neither promotes nor inhibits dimerization of the neighboring sites. We performed a simple simulation assuming that one molecule can form covalent bonds with six neighboring molecules

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• at room temperature (25 °C). The precipitate obtained after the polymerization was filtered and purified by 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and acetone. Subsequently, pure polyaniline was dried over silica gel in a desiccator for 24 h. Next, the dispersion solutions were prepared by mixing 24 mg PANI and 5

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• assembly of macromolecular components is well-established with many other systems, including lipids, synthetic polymers, and peptides, but has been the subject of few studies with virus-like particles [28][29][30][31]. Lauffer and Shalaby reported that glycine-based molecules promoted the polymerization of