Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• Ag NPs-DES sample is used in a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor. The two analytes for SERS quantitation are nitrofurantoin (NFT) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) whose residues can be traced down to 10−8 M. The highest enhancement factors (EFs) are competitive at 6.29 × 107 and 1.69 × 107 for

• ], and other analytical measurements regarding food, medical, and environmental issues [12][13][14]. Undeniably, SERS is the future for sensor design. So far, most achievements regarding SERS rely on the development of plasmonic materials. Noble metals (e.g., Au, Ag, and Cu) are the most important group

• -DES substrate. Besides the high sensitivity, the sensor exhibits also uniformity of the coating, consistency in SERS signals, and good selectivity. Overall, Ag NPs-DES is a promising candidate for SERS-based biosensor applications. This work hopefully provides useful information about the potential of

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• of an oscillating piezoelectric tuning fork sensor [37][38] (resonance frequency: 30.5 kHz, quality factor: 45000, amplitude: 50 pm) were mapped at constant height for topographic images. The vertical force between tip and sample was extracted from distance-dependent measurements of the resonance

Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35

• out using a load cell force sensor FORT-10 (10 g capacity; World Precision Instruments Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA) connected to a force transducer MP 100 (Biopac Systems Ltd., Santa Barbara, CA, USA) [24][46]. First, in order to make a test beetle incapable of flying, its elytra were glued together with

• a small drop of molten beeswax. At the same time, a 10–15 cm long human hair was stuck to the wax drop. After the wax had hardened and the insect recovered from the treatment, a free end of the hair was attached to the force sensor. Then, the tethered beetle walked on a horizontally placed test

• substrate pulling the hair for ca. 30 s, while the friction (traction) force thus produced by the moving insect was registered. Since the insects walked parallel to the measurement axis of the sensor, the recorded force corresponded to the total traction force. Force–time curves obtained were used to

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• , Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.34 Abstract Strain sensors are sensitive to mechanical deformations and enable the detection of strain also within integrated electronics. For flexible displays, the use of a seamlessly integrated strain sensor would be beneficial

• values. For larger strains, mechanisms such as grain rotation and the formation of nanocracks might contribute to the piezoresistive behavior in nanocrystalline graphene. Keywords: grain boundary; nanocrystalline graphene; strain sensor; Raman; tunneling and destruction; Introduction Flexible strain

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• substrate via sputter deposition. The metal thin film is then pre-stretched to generate microcracks. The sensor demonstrates a remarkable stretchability of 300%, an exceptional sensitivity with a maximum gauge factor reaching 107, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and outstanding

• demands of these applications [20]. Among various factors considered, the parameters of sensitivity and stretchability hold significant importance in determining the suitability of a strain sensor for practical applications. In recent years, scholars have acknowledged and addressed the aforementioned

• challenge by focusing on the structural design of sensing materials in order to enhance both sensitivity and sensing range [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. For instance, Lee et al. successfully developed a strain sensor by utilizing microcracks in a metal nanoparticle thin

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• microscopy based on electromechanical coupling due to a strain-dependent kinetic inductance of a superconducting nanowire. The force sensor is a bending triangular plate (cantilever) whose deflection is measured via a shift in the resonant frequency of a high-Q superconducting microwave resonator at 4.5 GHz

• . We present design simulations including mechanical finite-element modeling of surface strain and electromagnetic simulations of meandering nanowires with large kinetic inductance. We discuss a lumped-element model of the force sensor and describe the role of an additional shunt inductance for tuning

• ][7]. We recently introduced such a sensor based on the electromechanical coupling between surface strain and kinetic inductance of a superconducting nanowire [8]. In this paper, we describe in detail the fabrication and characterization methods of these kinetic inductive mechano-electric coupling

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• E. coli was successfully detected using the developed colorimetric sensor. The sensor offers a straightforward, sensitive, and dependable method for detecting pathogens and ensuring water safety. Results and Discussion Characterization of Ag/Pt NPL and apt-NPL Field-emission scanning electron

• blue, and the E. coli concentration was high. The outcomes confirmed this. Each paper-based sensor is usable once, but the preparation of the paper-based sensor is not complex and shows suitable reproducibility. This paper-based method can accurately distinguish between different E. coli concentrations

• bacterial concentration. By utilizing paper-based analysis, we were able to achieve naked-eye detection without the need for instruments. Additionally, the peroxidase-like activity of the NPLs paper-based colorimetric sensor was suggested for the first time. With a low detection limit of 10 CFU·mL−1, this

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• investments in health and safety) [2]. For this reason, early, rapid, and specific detection of biological threats becomes a very important objective to react as early as possible. Many efforts have been made in this direction. When designing a new sensor device, not only the rapid and specific identification

Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• . Figure 1 shows SEM images of the three different tips. The calibration standard grating used in this experiment is a HS-20MG height calibration standard (supplied by Budget Sensor) with an external size of 1 mm × 1 mm and an inner size of 500 µm × 500 µm [15]. The rectangular height grate pattern is made

• standard purchased from Budget Sensor [15], the grate height pattern made of silicon oxide (SiO2) has a height of 20 nm, a grate distance of 2 µm, and a pitch distance of 5 µm on top of the silicon substrate. So, the height distance that the tip end can slide along is equal to the distance measured from

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• application of sequential ALD cycles resulted in a continuous growth of solid film material, expressed by the mass sensor signal in arbitrary units. Monitoring the film growth by means of the QCM allowed for a fast determination of the metal precursor pulse length required for a nearly self-saturating

• about two times larger than for a process using SnI4 and O2. Dependence of SnO2 film GPC on the evaporation temperature of the SnI4 precursor. The cycle times were set at 5-2-5-5 s for the sequence SnI4 pulse, purge, O3 pulse, and purge. Time evolution of the QCM mass sensor signal during five

• sequential ALD cycles (a), and during one single ALD cycle (b). The labels “4-2-2-5 s” and “2-2-2-5 s” denote the pulse lengths in the sequence SnI4, N2, O3, and N2. ∆m1 and ∆m2 are the mass increments after a single ALD cycle with pulse lengths of 2-2-2-5 and 4-2-2-5 s, respectively. The mass sensor signal

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• viscosity, ν, was defined as the ratio of the dynamic viscosity to the density according to Equation 1. The density, ρ, of the nanolubricants was measured with the FPS2800 fluid property sensor. At the same time, the dynamic viscosity, µ, of the nanolubricants was measured using the FPS 2800 fluid property

• sensor. The technical information of the FPS2800 fluid property sensor is also given in Table 5. The images of the FPS2800 fluid property sensor are shown in Figure 10. Uncertainty analysis In this experimental study, the uncertainty analysis method was applied in the error analysis. In this method, R

• overlapped with previous studies [36]. Thus, it was concluded that the experimental setup was reliable. The verification of measurements of the FPS2800 fluid property sensor used in the determination of kinematic viscosity was also carried out with water. The density and dynamic viscosity of the water sample

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• 532 and 808 nm, the nanocomposite exhibited both photodynamic and photothermal properties. The same construct could be useful to design biosensors for the multimodal detection of analytes [85]. Recently, a catalytic and photothermal sensor was developed by Lu et al. for the detection of Salmonella

• LFA applications. Gold-based photothermal materials, such as GNPs and gold nanorods, showed successful results in photothermal therapy and sensor applications. Generally, four main parameters need to be considered while developing a photothermal LFA system. The most important thing is the selection of

• develop photothermal strips for the diagnosis of Salmonella typhimurium. The authors used a conventional resistive temperature sensor to capture the heat signal from the strip and the detection limit was found to be 104 CFU·mL−1 with 20 min of detection time [89]. Hu et al. previously demonstrated the

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• copper-based local interconnects. In consequence, other metals such as tungsten and cobalt are used to replace copper. Recent studies show a line resistance benefit of cobalt compared to tungsten [2][3][4][5]. Because of its ferromagnetism, cobalt is a frequently used metal for magnetic sensor systems

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• repellency, but also on the capability of some surfaces to keep stable air layers under water – the so-called Salvinia Effect. Such air layers are of great importance for drag reduction (passive air lubrication), antifouling, sensor applications, or oil–water separation. Up to now, based on the

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• sensor, and a visual heart sound acquisition and classification system was designed using LabVIEW. A heart sound classification model was trained based on a fine K-nearest neighbor classification algorithm to predict whether the collected heart sounds are normal or abnormal. The heart sound detection

• sound sensor; heart sound stethoscope; Introduction According to data released by the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 17.9 million people die each year from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [1]. CVDs have always been one of the primary diseases affecting human health. In recent years, the

• flexible piezoelectric thin film heart sound sensor was developed, and a heart sound detection and classification system was built based on this sensor. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene (GR) fillers were added to the P(VDF-TrFE) matrix, and P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR composite piezoelectric nanofilms were prepared

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• glucose oxidase, suggesting the use of this phenomenon as a colorimetric sensor for bioanalysis [49]. This color transition is an important observation since nanoceria degradation will likely result in the change in oxidation state of surface cerium ions from Ce4+ to Ce3+. Results and Discussion Nanoceria

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• 99.995% methane at a fixed rate of 0.4 slpm, controlled by an OmronTM flow sensor. The outer tube supplies the oxidizer gases, a mixture of 99.9% oxygen at a fixed rate of 0.7 slpm and 99.9% nitrogen at a fixed rate of 3.0 slpm, controlled by metering valves equipped with HoneywellTM sensors. The flame

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• of the surface cross section was achieved thanks to the wide light spot. Finally, the power density was 750 W·m−2 as measured by a thermal power sensor S401C from Thorlabs, which has a flat spectral response in the white-light range of wavelengths. This relatively low power density allows one to

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• diffraction were used to characterize the morphological and structural properties of GQDs. An electrochemical sensor was developed by drop casting GQDs on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The sensor detects the organophosphate pesticide malathion in a selective and sensitive manner. Using cyclic voltammetry

• spectroscopy; electrochemical sensor; graphene quantum dots; malathion; Introduction Global population growth makes food production more challenging, and pesticides are therefore used in agriculture in greater quantities than in the past to maintain and increase crop yields [1][2]. Pesticides containing

• the possibilities of developing sensing devices based on graphene quantum dots in recent years [20][21][22][23]. In 2015, Dong et al. prepared an oxime-based sensor via attaching pralidoxime on a GQDs-modified GCE for detecting the organophosphorus pesticide fenthion [24]. In 2018, Sahub et al. worked

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• equivalent circuit parameters obtained by fitting impedance spectra. The new investigation data can be useful to predict the behavior of nanostructured CuO in humid environments, which is favorable for advancing technology of nanowire-based systems suitable for sensor applications. Keywords: CuO

• ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; humidity; nanowire; sensor; Introduction Semiconductor metal oxide nanomaterials have demonstrated a great potential for integration in a variety of devices, such as gas and humidity sensors, nanoelectronics, and low-power thermoelectrical generators [1][2][3][4][5][6

• of |Z| within one order of magnitude at similar RH (Figure 3b, dashed lines). Such variation of Z with the temperature is consistent with a previous report on a CuO sensor [18], where the measured resistance of a nanowire network system decreased by five times at a temperature rise from 20 to 80 °C

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• , high-performance MOFs as commercially viable next-generation opto-electrochemical sensor materials for the detection and monitoring of diverse analytes are discussed. Keywords: antibiotics sensing; endocrinal disorders; fluorescent sensor; hormones sensors; luminescent sensor; MOF nanohybrids

• , in situ analyte monitoring, and potential miniaturization. Portability, miniaturisation, and fast signal responses are just a few of the breakthroughs in sensor design made possible by nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are becoming a key component of the analytical procedures required for pharmaceutical

• used to define sensor sensitivity (Figure 4). The minimum analyte concentration that can be reliably and precisely quantified is expressed by the term “limit of quantification” (LOQ). For estimation, a level of 10·Sb/S is recommended. The kinetics of both chemical recognition and signal transduction

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• differentiate between the liquids. We show that the proposed liquid sensor can classify different liquids, including organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, and different alcohols) and is also able to differentiate low concentrations of glycerin in water (10–100 ppm). We have also investigated the influence of

• two important properties of the liquids, namely dielectric constant and vapor pressure, on the transduction of the MFC-MWCNT sensors. These results were corroborated by independent heat flow measurements (thermogravimetric analysis). The proposed MFC-MWCNT sensor platform may help paving the way to

• rapid, inexpensive, and robust liquid analysis and identification. Keywords: carbon nanotube; electronic tongue; fibrillated cellulose; liquid sensor; Introduction The development of a new generation of smart sensors that allow for the monitoring of industrial processes in real time and for wearable

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• , transparent, and portable wrist strap sensor and a mechano-based transductive sensor in 2017 and 2018, respectively [16][17]. They have good application prospects in healthcare. In 2020, Xue et al. reported a bismuthene-enabled fluorescence quenching biosensor to detect microRNA, which is relevant to the

• resonance platform will further contribute to the field of biomedical sensors. We also studied the sensing performance of our proposed MIR FGC when it worked as a sensor rather than a coupler, as shown in Figure 6. When RI increases from 1 to 1.04, the peak of coupling efficiency shows a redshift from

• 6877.8 nm to 6917.1 nm. The RI sensitivity is 980.7 nm/RIU obtained from a linear fit of the peak wavelength and RI, as shown in Figure 6b. The sensitivity is twice as large as that in [20]. Furthermore, the proposed sensor is a full-etch structure based on Ge-on-Si, which can be achieved by a single

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• ). Characterizations The morphology and structure of the catalysts were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (FEI QUANTA FEG 250) with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) sensor. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was performed at the 04BM beamline at the National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS [41

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• advantages, namely high sensitivity to the electrostatic force gradient, high detection sensitivity using a cantilever with a weak spring constant at the first resonance, ease of implementation in adding FM-AFM, and no need to enhance the bandwidth of the cantilever deflection sensor. FM-KPFM is used to

• concentrations of the n, p, and n+ regions are 1 × 1015 cm−3, 2 × 1016 cm−3, and 5 × 1019 cm−3, respectively. As a force sensor, a PtIr-coated conductive cantilever (NanoWorld: NCHPt) was used. The resonance frequency f0, force constant k, and Q of the PtIr-coated cantilever were 292.68 kHz, 42 N/m, and 8406