Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• Mengqi Fu Roman Hartmann Julian Braun Sergej Andreev Torsten Pietsch Elke Scheer Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.32 Abstract We present a novel method combining anodic aluminum oxide template synthesis and nanolithography to selectively deposit

• oscillatory manner by the magnetic field in the nanowire-based devices. We present a toy model to qualitatively explain these observations. Keywords: AAO template; critical current; multilayered magnetic nanowires; spin-transfer torque; three-dimensional devices; Introduction Spin-transfer torque (STT) has

• aluminum oxide (AAO) template-assisted electrodeposition has attracted wide interest because of its low cost as well as high flexibility on tailoring the magnetic properties of magnetic systems and thus STT effects [8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover, it enables a larger number of free layers, whose magnetization

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• probe modeling, the maximum value in the image is used as the center point of the initial probe template. This ensures that the initial probe template is robust and represents salient features in the image. Then the subgraph template in the image is determined, and the initial template is iterated

• . Assuming that the image size is M × N and the initial probe template size is m × n, the center point of the subgraph T must correspond to the local maximum within the subgraph T. In other words, the value of the center of T should be greater than or equal to the value of its adjacent points in the subgraph

• the following formulas, To determine the subgraph template, it is first necessary to identify the row feature points and column feature points. In Figure 3, the process for identifying feature points in row data is illustrated. Specifically, if the row scan data points within the subgraph template

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• , Latvia Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Str., Riga LV-1004, Latvia 10.3762/bjnano.15.12 Abstract Porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAAO), sometimes referred to as nanoporous anodic alumina, serves as a cost-effective template for nanofabrication in many fields

• zinc oxide nanorods embedded within the PAAO template [13]. Recently, it was demonstrated that the PAAO thickness tuning can increase the signal intensity and refractometric sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors constructed using gold nanoparticles, which are deposited on

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• , 150 °C for 15 min, 170 °C for 1 h, and 195 °C for 1 h. Afterwards, the sample was allowed to cool down to room temperature (RT), and then the PDMS was peeled off (Figure 1A(iv)). To form the “reinforced” SU-8 nanohole mold, a nanohole template was first formed on the positive photoresist AZ1518, which

• served as a template for creating a PDMS nanopillar structure for the capillary thermal imprinting of SU-8. An AZ1518 film was spin-coated on glass coverslips at 5000 rpm and soft-baked at 100 °C for 1.5 min. Exposure was performed at a dose of 13 mJ·cm−2 with an array of 1.1 μm polystyrene nanospheres

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• -HSA-MPs and HSA was cross-linked. After dissolution of the MnCO3 template with EDTA, a colloidal particle suspension of CUR-HSA-MPs was obtained. Comparison of the different CUR samples demonstrated that the color of CUR in DMSO is light brown, indicating dissolved CUR; CUR in water is bright yellow

• albumin proteins [30]. CUR showed strong binding affinity towards HSA, likely at the tryptophan residue, which is present in the hydrophobic cavities of HSA [23][31]. The final CUR-HSA-MPs are obtained after dissolution of the MnCO3 template with EDTA. Characterization of CUR-HSA-MPs Dynamic light

• . Also, it is seen that, despite the addition of CUR, a typical peanut-like structure was formed by the porous MnCO3 template, as previously found in our studies using the CCD technique [26][27][28][29]. There are strict size requirements for particles in drug delivery systems, typically around 100 nm

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• moved from water to hexane with the aid of acetone. The porous silicon (PS) template substrate was placed at the bottom of a beaker containing methanol. A pipette was then used to gradually transfer the Ag NPs suspension in hexane to the surface of methanol. After the hexane evaporated, a tightly packed

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• hand, the use of yolk–silica shell (YS) microstructures formed by soft template synthesis was explored [30] to encapsulate living cells with a highly porous SiO2 network aiming to introduce a small interstitial space between the microorganisms and the silica matrix. The latter strategy intends to

• template synthesis appeared as a more efficient way to encapsulate living cells. In fact, cellular shellization with a highly porous SiO2 network and a small interstitial space between the cellular microorganisms and the silica matrix turned out to be a proficient cell surface nanoarchitectonics strategy

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• hydrophobicity allows the material to float on water. Microporous structures were obtained by NaCl particulate leaching. The pore sizes could be flexibly controlled by the size of the NaCl template. This method is simple, low-cost, and easy to scale up. The surface structures of the foam were visualized by SEM

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• nanoparticles were also used to encapsulate therapeutic concentrations of antiinflammatory DXM, initially solubilized in Polysorbate 80 template nanoemulsions [55]. These nanoemulsions formed at O/S ratios between 45/55 and 75/25 and showed hydrodynamic diameters in the 290–326 nm range for a water content of

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• too small and insufficient to bind large drugs. In these cases, molecular imprinting is a useful and convenient method [109][110]. In this method, CyD molecules (or their derivatives) are polymerized in the presence of a target compound (template). In the course of molecular imprinting, the solution

• structure involving the bindings of CyD molecules to the template is frozen in the polymer such that multiple CyD molecules are placed in the polymer complementarily to the large drug. Although each of these CyD molecules in the molecularly imprinted polymer binds only a small part of the large drug, these

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• crystalline multidimensional forms, the template technique is one of several synthesis approaches. Direct manufacturing processes make this almost impossible. Therefore, using templates is a great workaround [60]. Template methods may be characterized either as a “hard templates”, “soft templates”, or “self

• -templates”. The high cost of template methods results from the lengthy process of creating and removing templates. Also, environmental aspects need to be considered as removing templates such as SiO2 requires using very corrosive acids or bases [61]. Numerous studies have focused on choosing templates for

• making nanostructures of functional materials. However, templates were chosen rather based on utility than on cost. The self-template technology does not require additional templates, which leads to less expensive production and increased efficiency. This makes the approach more realistic for practical

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• interaction forces between colloidal particles, and the introduction of templates requires precise operating conditions, leading to higher preparation costs, so it is necessary to find a template-free method to prepare regular large-size colloidal fibers. Xie et al. [57] reported a convenient and

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• oriented H-bonding between the chiral –OH groups of serine and –NH2 of PEA was the binding force for enantioselective recognition. Yu et al. designed new template-free polymer films based on the electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomers (EDOT) with an –OH functional group for chiral

• process or long-time usage, which could cause a deviation or decrease in the sensing performance. To avoid these unfavorable changes in chiral sensing, researchers developed a specific recognition strategy called molecular imprinting technology (Figure 3) [39][40]. In this strategy, the chiral template

• achieve specific binding with high detection efficiency to certain chiral molecules. Besides the analytes with the same structure as the imprinted template molecules, specific recognition sites left in the cavity may also detect analytes with completely different imprinted structures [42][43]. These

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• solvent casting process after the ACMCDs were supported by silver nanoparticles, employing them as both a reducing agent and a template. The nanocomposite antibacterial film is anticipated to have a lot of potential applications such as food packaging, water purification, and disinfecting sanitary

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• prepared by utilizing natural cellulose (e.g., laboratory filter paper) as the structural template. The obtained nanoarchitectonics, namely Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites, displayed three-dimensionally interwoven structures which replicated the initial cellulose template. The composite Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT

• natural cellulose as the template had enhanced the photocatalytic activities. This was due to the uniform and stable integration among their components, which is mainly attributed to the hierarchical micro-to-nanoscale structure replicated from the original cellulose template [31][32][33]. This structural

• pure TiO2-NT sample without any of the subsequent treatments. The Bi2WO6 powder sample was fabricated by the same solvothermal reaction without the addition of the powder containing hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes. The TiO2 sample without the cellulose template was prepared by the simple sol−gel method

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• be used as a template for future studies that aim to measure cuticle properties using nanoindentation or other nano- or micromechanical testing methods. Data Accessibility All supporting data are made available in the article. Authors’ Contributions Conceptualization: SNG and HR; formal analysis: CL

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• , electrospinning, weaving, phase separation, and template synthesis [102]. Electrospinning is widely used given its simplicity, cost effectiveness, unlimited substrate use, appreciable surface to volume ratio, tunable porosity, and ability to generate nanofibers over a wide range of sizes and shapes [102

• as potential candidates for bone TE due to osteoblast attachment and corrosion resistance [141]. Wan et al. used bacterial cellulose as a template to synthesize calcined mesoporous TiO2 nanotubes and constructed a nanotube-based scaffold using a template-assisted sol–gel method [142]. In addition to

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• particles at intermediate sizes. While TMV-cp is a promising template for nanomaterials, controlling the multiple assembly states can be challenging, especially when adding additional components with different stability requirements. Apart from adjusting pH and ionic strength, mutating the coat protein has

• that is relevant to many TMV-cp mutants. Alcohol-perturbed assembly of TMV-cp shows particular promise in combination with mutants that possess additional functionality, as demonstrated by the use of similar hexagonally packed arrays of disks to template sheets of gold nanorings that show promise in

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• , such as template forming, plasma treatment, and chemical approaches. Previous studies mostly focused on the preparation process of the nanoscale morphology on the polymer surface [47][48][49]. The electrons on the polymer surface cannot be transferred to the conduction band and the charge cannot flow

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• reverse-transcribed to cDNA using HiScript II 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Vazyme). Benchtop PCR was performed on a GeneAmp PCR System 9700 machine in a 50 µL reaction volume: 1× PCR buffer (with Mg2+), 0.2 mM dNTP, 0.2 µM primers, 50 ng of template cDNA, and 0.5 µL of Platinum TaqDNA polymerase

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• the unique properties of matter at dimensions between 1 and 100 nm. Since the discovery of nanotechnology, it has evolved continuously and now has become a technology that is indispensable in diverse disciplines. Among many techniques such as sintering, stretching, track etching, template leaching

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• /bjnano.13.8 Abstract Hemoglobin microparticles (HbMP) produced with a three-step procedure, including coprecipitation of hemoglobin with manganese carbonate, protein cross-linking, and dissolution of the carbonate template were shown to be suitable for application as artificial oxygen carriers. First

• the first step (i.e., coprecipitation) two salt solutions and hemoglobin are mixed. A salt template is created in which hemoglobin is trapped. In the next main step (i.e., cross-linking) the individual hemoglobin molecules are polymerized in the salt template. The third step is dissolution. Dissolving

• of the salt template by adding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) results in submicrometer hemoglobin particles. The resulting particles have an advantageous oxygen affinity and show a narrow size distribution of approx. 700 nm. In the first pre-clinical investigations it was shown that HbMP meet

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

•  12a–j were reprinted from [73], Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 275, by Y.M. Sabri; A.E. Kandjani; S.S.A.A.H. Rashid; C.J. Harrison; S.J. Ippolito; S.K. Bhargava, “Soot template TiO2 fractals as a photoactive gas sensor for acetone detection”, pages no. 215–222, Copyright (2018), with

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• (Cd2+) to form a three-dimensional crystal of Cys/Cd nanorods. Then, upon the introduction of Na2S, the Cys/Cd template mediates the mineralization of cadmium sulfide (CdS) into a layered CdS quantum dot structure, finally making a simple bionic daylight antenna with sustainable photocatalytic

• . [88] combined chemical reactions and manufactured bionic photobacteria based on self-assembly of amino acids and porphyrins. First, Fmoc-ʟ-Lys was self-assembled into a nanofiber template, then the ε-amino group on the surface of the Fmoc-ʟ-Lys fiber reacted with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• surface of the porous template and the top surface of the nanoelectrodes. A set of complementary techniques, including chronoamperometry, coulometry, and scanning electron microscopy, are used to characterize the nanoelectrode arrays. The number of active nanoelectrodes is experimentally measured. The

• alternative approach includes bulk electrode structuring by deposition or etching techniques using self-assembled arrays of colloidal nanoparticles [15], liquid crystals [16], or track-etched membranes [17][18][19] as template or mask, respectively. Among porous templates, anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) allows

• same time, only a minor part of nanowires is known to grow through the whole thickness of a template when potentiostatic electrodeposition is used [22][23][24][25]. Not only electrodeposition conditions but also thickness and structural defects in the AAO template influence the completeness of the