<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ASCII"?><!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//BEILSTEIN-INSTITUT//DTD Journal Article DTD v0.4.4 20130724//EN" "https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/content/xml/journalarticle.v044.dtd">
<article locale="en" public-id="1860-5397-4-43" publisher="Beilstein-Institut" journal="Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry" journal-abbreviated="Beilstein J. Org. Chem." journal-code="bjoc" issn="1860-5397" coden="BJOCBH" year="2008" volume="4" article="43" type="full-research-paper">
<author first-name="Rajeev" middle-names="K" last-name="Shrivastava" email="Rajeev.Shrivastava@edgehill.ac.uk" affiliations="a1 a2" corresponding-author="yes"/>
<author first-name="Elise" last-name="Maudru" affiliations="a1"/>
<author first-name="Gurdial" last-name="Singh" email="Gurdial.Singh@sta.uwi.edu" affiliations="a1 a3" corresponding-author="yes"/>
<author first-name="Richard" middle-names="H" last-name="Wightman" affiliations="a4"/>
<author first-name="Keith" middle-names="M" last-name="Morgan" affiliations="a4"/>
<affiliation id="a1" institution-required="yes">Department of Chemistry, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, SR1 3SD, UK</affiliation>
<affiliation id="a2" institution-required="yes">Sciences &amp; PE Department, Natural and Applied Sciences Building, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK (present address)</affiliation>
<affiliation id="a3" institution-required="yes">Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (present address)</affiliation>
<affiliation id="a4" institution-required="yes">Department of Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.</affiliation>
<submission-date day="9" month="9" year="2008" hour="0" minute="0"/>
<acceptance-date day="12" month="11" year="2008" hour="0" minute="0"/>
<publication-date day="19" month="11" year="2008" hour="0" minute="0"/>
<title>
<chunk>Synthesis of chiral cyclohexanes and carbasugars by 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">dig</chunk>
<chunk> radical cyclisation reactions</chunk>
</title>
<keyword>
<chunk>carbasugars</chunk>
</keyword>
<keyword>
<chunk>cyclisation</chunk>
</keyword>
<keyword>
<chunk>cyclohexanes</chunk>
</keyword>
<keyword>
<chunk>6-membered ring</chunk>
</keyword>
<keyword>
<chunk>stereoisomers</chunk>
</keyword>
<abstract-section>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Treatment of 5-(</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">tert</chunk>
<chunk>-butyldimethylsilyl)-2,3-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">O</chunk>
<chunk>-isopropylidene-D-ribose with lithium acetylides gave mixtures of </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">syn</chunk>
<chunk>- and </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">anti</chunk>
<chunk>-alkynols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">2a&#8211;</chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">2c</chunk>
<chunk> which were separated following protection as methoxymethyl ethers. These were converted to the corresponding iodides which underwent 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">dig</chunk>
<chunk> radical cyclisation to afford chiral cyclohexanes and carbasugars. Oxidation of the primary alcohols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">6a&#8211;</chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">b</chunk>
<chunk> gave the corresponding aldehydes which on treatment with Grignard reagents afforded a mixture of alcohols. The corresponding iodides underwent similar 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">dig</chunk>
<chunk> cyclisation to give fully functionalised cyclohexanes.</chunk>
</paragraph>
</abstract-section>
<abstract-graphic public-id="1860-5397-4-43-graphical-abstract"/>
<external-link type="doi" public-id="10.3762/bjoc.4.43"/>
<section>
<title>
<chunk>Introduction</chunk>
</title>
<paragraph>
<chunk>The use of carbohydrates as precursors for highly functionalised carbocyclic rings systems has found wide utility in organic synthesis </chunk>
<link target="b1"/>
<link target="b2"/>
<link target="b3"/>
<link target="b4"/>
<link target="b5"/>
<link target="b6"/>
<link target="b7"/>
<link target="b8"/>
<link target="b9"/>
<link target="b10"/>
<link target="b11"/>
<chunk>. In particular there is a large amount of literature devoted to the synthesis of cyclopentanes </chunk>
<link target="b12"/>
<link target="b13"/>
<chunk> that employs a 5-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">dig</chunk>
<chunk> ring closure of a radical onto an alkyne </chunk>
<link target="b14"/>
<chunk>. In contrast there are fewer reports of the corresponding 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">dig</chunk>
<chunk> cyclisation to prepare fully functionalised cyclohexanes and carbasugars. The reason for this may be inferred from the observation that the formation of six-membered rings by a radical ring closure is some 40 times slower than the counterpart 5-hexenyl cyclisation </chunk>
<link target="b15"/>
<link target="b16"/>
<link target="b17"/>
<link target="b18"/>
<link target="b19"/>
<chunk>. In the case of the 6-hexenyl radical this results in the attack of the acyclic radical on the tin reagent becoming a more effective process compared to the 5-hexenyl case. An additional problem is that a 1,5-hydrogen abstraction leading to a resonance stabilised allylic radical is favourable, a reaction which may in fact be synthetically useful. We have previously reported the synthesis of cyclohexanes and carbasugars that uses a 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">dig</chunk>
<chunk> cyclisation </chunk>
<link target="b20"/>
<chunk> and herein we report on our current endeavours in this area.</chunk>
</paragraph>
</section>
<section>
<title>
<chunk>Results and Discussion</chunk>
</title>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Acetonisation </chunk>
<link target="b21"/>
<chunk> of D-ribose with acetone and hydrochloric acid afforded the corresponding acetonide (72%) which was converted into silyl ether </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">1</chunk>
<chunk> (83%) by treatment with </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">tert</chunk>
<chunk>-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride (TBDPSCl) and triethylamine using DMAP as the catalyst. The silylated D-riboses </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">1</chunk>
<chunk> were treated with lithium phenylacetylide to give an inseparable mixture of diastereoisomeric diols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">2a</chunk>
<chunk> in 89% yield (</chunk>
<link target="s1"/>
<chunk>). Analysis of the </chunk>
<chunk superscript="yes">1</chunk>
<chunk>H NMR spectrum showed a 1:2 isomeric mixture of diastereoisomers, on the basis of integration of the </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">tert</chunk>
<chunk>-butyl group resonances, which were slightly separated (</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">syn</chunk>
<chunk>: 1.08 ppm and </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">anti</chunk>
<chunk>: 1.09 ppm).</chunk>
</paragraph>
<float target="s1"/>
<paragraph>
<chunk>The stereochemistry at the new chiral centre was assigned on the basis of our previous findings </chunk>
<link target="b22"/>
<chunk>. The mixtures of diols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">2</chunk>
<chunk> were treated with chloromethyl methyl ether to afford the corresponding MOM ethers, in a combined yield of 66%. At this juncture we were able to separate the diastereoisomers, </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">3a</chunk>
<chunk> (</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">anti</chunk>
<chunk>) and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">3b</chunk>
<chunk> (</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">syn</chunk>
<chunk>), by flash column chromatography on silica gel. Alternatively the </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">syn</chunk>
<chunk> isomer </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">3b</chunk>
<chunk> could be prepared almost exclusively using D-ribonolactone as the starting material </chunk>
<link target="b23"/>
<chunk>.</chunk>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Desilylation of </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">3a</chunk>
<chunk> was effective with TBAF in THF and afforded the primary alcohol </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">6a</chunk>
<chunk> in 87% yield, which was converted to the corresponding iodide </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">7a</chunk>
<chunk> with triphenylphosphine, imidazole and iodine </chunk>
<link target="b24"/>
<chunk>. Similar chemistry with the isomer </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">3b</chunk>
<chunk> gave the alcohol </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">6b</chunk>
<chunk> and subsequently the iodide </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">7b</chunk>
<chunk> in comparable yields.</chunk>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<chunk>With the availability of the iodides </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">7a</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">7b</chunk>
<chunk> we investigated their radical cyclisation reactions. Treatment of </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">7a</chunk>
<chunk> with tri-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">n</chunk>
<chunk>-butyltin hydride and AIBN in refluxing benzene afforded (</chunk>
<link target="s2"/>
<chunk>) the 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-cyclisation </chunk>
<link target="b25"/>
<link target="b26"/>
<link target="b27"/>
<link target="b28"/>
<chunk> products </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">10</chunk>
<chunk> in 93% yield as an inseparable mixture of </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">E</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">Z</chunk>
<chunk> geometric isomers in a ratio of 1:1.6 as determined by </chunk>
<chunk superscript="yes">1</chunk>
<chunk>H NMR analysis. The diastereomer </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">7b</chunk>
<chunk> on similar treatment underwent a 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-cyclisation and afforded the corresponding cyclohexanes </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">11</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">12</chunk>
<chunk> in 61% yield. In this case we were able to separate the geometric </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">E</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">Z</chunk>
<chunk> isomers by silica gel chromatography, in a ratio of 3:2, respectively.</chunk>
</paragraph>
<float target="s2"/>
<paragraph>
<chunk>The major isomer </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">11</chunk>
<chunk> was assigned having the </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">Z</chunk>
<chunk> geometry about the double bond on the basis of NOE experiments. Irradiation of the vinylic resonance at &#948; 6.66 resulted in enhancement of the aromatic resonances of H-6&#945; at &#948; 2.93, and H-6&#946; at &#948; 2.39. Analysis of the </chunk>
<chunk superscript="yes">1</chunk>
<chunk>H NMR data (</chunk>
<link target="t1"/>
<chunk>) allowed assignment of the stereochemistry at C-2. A large coupling constant </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">J</chunk>
<chunk subscript="yes">6&#945;,5</chunk>
<chunk> 11.8 Hz at &#948; 2.93 was observed, which suggests an </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">axial-axial</chunk>
<chunk> relationship between H-6&#945; and H-5, whilst the resonance at &#948; 2.39, H-6&#946;, showed a coupling constant </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">J</chunk>
<chunk subscript="yes">6&#946;,5</chunk>
<chunk> 5.3 Hz indicative of an </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">axial</chunk>
<chunk>-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">equatorial</chunk>
<chunk> relationship.</chunk>
</paragraph>
<float target="t1"/>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Having been successful in our initial goal we turned our attention to the preparation of a cyclohexane that had an unsubstituted </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-methylene group. Treatment of the silylated ribose derivative with lithium trimethylsilylacetylide in THF gave the diols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">2b</chunk>
<chunk>, in a combined yield of 45% along with the alkynes </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">2c</chunk>
<chunk> in 28% yield. The diastereomeric mixture </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">2b</chunk>
<chunk> was converted to the MOM ethers </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">4a</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">4b</chunk>
<chunk> that could be separated in a combined yield of 64% with an </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">anti:syn</chunk>
<chunk> ratio of 3.5:1. Both of these diastereoisomers were processed separately. Removal of the silyl protecting group of </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">4a</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">4b</chunk>
<chunk> gave the corresponding primary alcohols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">8a</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">8b</chunk>
<chunk> in 96% and 91% yields, respectively. These compounds were identical to those obtained from </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">2c</chunk>
<chunk> after the diastereoisomers had been subjected to protection as MOM ethers on treatment with MOM chloride to give </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">5a</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">5b</chunk>
<chunk> followed by desilylation, the </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">anti:syn</chunk>
<chunk> ratio being 2.3:1.</chunk>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<chunk>The </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">syn</chunk>
<chunk>-product was correlated with the syn isomer </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">2c</chunk>
<chunk> </chunk>
<link target="b23"/>
<chunk>. Conversion of the alcohols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">8a</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">8b</chunk>
<chunk> to the iodides </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">9a</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">9b</chunk>
<chunk> was accomplished by treatment with triphenylphosphine, imidazole and iodine in 73% and 78% yields, respectively. At this point we proceeded to investigate the 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk> radical cyclisation of these iodides. The </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">syn</chunk>
<chunk>-isomer </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">9b</chunk>
<chunk> was treated with tri-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">n</chunk>
<chunk>-butyltin hydride and AIBN in refluxing benzene, (</chunk>
<link target="s3"/>
<chunk>) and gave the expected </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk>-methylene cyclohexane </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">13</chunk>
<chunk> in 38% yield along with the cyclohexene </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">14</chunk>
<chunk> in 49% yield where the OMOM group had been lost. The structure of </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">14</chunk>
<chunk> was clearly evident from its </chunk>
<chunk superscript="yes">1</chunk>
<chunk>H NMR spectrum which had a resonance only for one MOM group in addition to the observation of a resonance at &#948; 5.33 due to the vinylic proton and a resonance at &#948; 1.73 due the methyl group.</chunk>
</paragraph>
<float target="s3"/>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Following these findings we subjected the isomer </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">9a</chunk>
<chunk> to the same reaction conditions and we observed that the cyclisation was appreciably slower, taking 24 h to go to completion. However this reaction was much more selective in that we only isolated </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">14</chunk>
<chunk> in a yield of 99%. In this case the primary radical formed from the iodide </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">9a</chunk>
<chunk> undergoes a 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk> cyclisation onto the alkyne, which results in the formation of a vinyl radical which is capable of abstracting a hydrogen from the methylene carbon of the OMOM group subsequently followed by &#946;-scission </chunk>
<link target="b29"/>
<link target="b30"/>
<chunk> resulting in the formation of an allylic radical which gives rise to the observed product. The formation of </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">14</chunk>
<chunk> reflects the geometry of the vinyl radical and that these are bent with a bond angle of ca. 135&#176; whilst in the case of an &#945;-phenyl radical the geometry is linear </chunk>
<link target="b31"/>
<chunk>. In order to gain additional insight as to the geometries of the transition state(s) for these processes we undertook Monte Carlo calculations using much simpler structures (</chunk>
<link target="f1"/>
<chunk>), in order to simplify the computation, (</chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">18</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">19</chunk>
<chunk>).</chunk>
</paragraph>
<float target="f1"/>
<paragraph>
<chunk>At low energies of 34.539 and 34.909 kcal/mol (</chunk>
<link target="f2"/>
<chunk>), the &#8220;</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">trans</chunk>
<chunk>&#8221; isomer </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">18</chunk>
<chunk> favours a boat conformation, in which the carbon-carbon double bond is above the plane of the ring and the methoxy group is in </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">axial</chunk>
<chunk> position and as a consequence the vinyl radical cannot abstract a hydrogen radical from the methoxy group. However at higher energies 35.657 kcal/mol, the &#8220;</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">trans</chunk>
<chunk>&#8221; isomer adopts a boat conformation and the ring can flip to different conformations at 35.786 and 35.931 kcal/mol and allows the radical to abstract a hydrogen atom from the methoxy group (</chunk>
<link target="f2"/>
<chunk>). The &#8220;</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">cis</chunk>
<chunk>&#8221; isomer </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">19</chunk>
<chunk> favours the chair conformation at low energies (36.007 kcal/mol) but can flip to the boat conformation more easily (36.394 kcal/mol) where the vinyl radical (</chunk>
<link target="f3"/>
<chunk>) can abstract the hydrogen atom from the methoxy group.</chunk>
</paragraph>
<float target="f2"/>
<float target="f3"/>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Having established that the 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk> cyclisation was of synthetic value we proceeded to investigate the possibility of carrying out such a process using a secondary radical and thereby obtaining access to a cyclohexane ring that had substituents on all six carbons. Thus the alcohols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">6a</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">6b</chunk>
<chunk> were oxidised most efficiently with PCC </chunk>
<link target="b32"/>
<link target="b33"/>
<link target="b34"/>
<link target="b35"/>
<link target="b36"/>
<link target="b37"/>
<chunk> to afford the corresponding aldehydes </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">20</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">21</chunk>
<chunk> in 85% and 90% yield, respectively. Both these aldehydes were found to be somewhat unstable at room temperature, as evidenced by their polymerisation and hence were used in the subsequent reaction as soon as possible. The aldehyde </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">20</chunk>
<chunk> was treated with phenylmagnesium chloride in THF and gave a mixture of two-diastereoisomeric alcohols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">22</chunk>
<chunk> in 72% yield, which were separated using flash chromatography on silica gel. The stereochemistry at the newly created chiral centre could not be defined at this juncture. However, this was deemed to be unnecessary, as both of these diastereoisomeric alcohols would give rise to the same secondary radical and as a result we employed the diastereomeric mixture </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">22</chunk>
<chunk> in the subsequent chemistry. This mixture of alcohols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">22</chunk>
<chunk> was converted to the corresponding iodides </chunk>
<link target="b25"/>
<link target="b26"/>
<link target="b27"/>
<link target="b28"/>
<link target="b29"/>
<link target="b30"/>
<chunk> </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">26</chunk>
<chunk> on treatment with triphenylphosphine, imidazole and iodine in 78% yield. The iodides </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">26</chunk>
<chunk> were prone to rapid decomposition even when stored at 4 &#176;C as evidenced by TLC and </chunk>
<chunk superscript="yes">1</chunk>
<chunk>H, </chunk>
<chunk superscript="yes">13</chunk>
<chunk>C NMR analysis. Similar chemistry was performed with aldehyde </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">21</chunk>
<chunk> which gave a mixture of secondary alcohols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">23</chunk>
<chunk> in 71% yield and subsequently the mixture of alcohol gave the corresponding iodide </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">27</chunk>
<chunk> in 73% yield. Similar treatment of the aldehydes </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">20</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">21</chunk>
<chunk> with methylmagnesium bromide afforded the analogous diols </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">24</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">25</chunk>
<chunk> in 80% and 79% yields, respectively; these diols were converted to the iodides </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">28</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">29</chunk>
<chunk> employing similar chemistry (</chunk>
<link target="s4"/>
<chunk>).</chunk>
</paragraph>
<float target="s4"/>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Radical cyclisation of the iodides </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">27</chunk>
<chunk> was conducted via dropwise addition of tri-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">n</chunk>
<chunk>-butyltin hydride in refluxing benzene, using AIBN as a radical initiator. This resulted in the formation of the two pairs of diastereoisomers at C-2 and C-6 along with two pairs of geometric isomers in a combined yield of 91%, (</chunk>
<link target="s5"/>
<chunk>). We were able to separate these isomers successfully by flash chromatography, eluting with light petroleum-diethyl ether (3:1 to 1:1). A similar outcome was obtained for the isomers </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">26</chunk>
<chunk> (</chunk>
<link target="s6"/>
<chunk>) and resulted in a total cyclisation yield of 83%. We also investigated the cyclisation reactions of the &#8220;methyl&#8221; analogues </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">28</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">29</chunk>
<chunk> and these gave a similar outcome, (</chunk>
<link target="s6"/>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<link target="s5"/>
<chunk>). Ozonolysis of the pair of geometric isomers </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">30</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">31</chunk>
<chunk> afforded the protected ketone </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">38</chunk>
<chunk> in 77% yield.</chunk>
</paragraph>
<float target="s5"/>
<float target="s6"/>
<paragraph>
<chunk>The diastereomeric ketone </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">39</chunk>
<chunk> was obtained in 74% yield after similar treatment of </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">32</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">33</chunk>
<chunk>. Removal of the MOM and isopropylidene with 6 M HCl resulted in the aromatisation of the ring system. A similar outcome was obtained if we conducted acetylation of the crude reaction mixture in the presence of acetic anhydride and pyridine. In contrast to these findings the protecting groups of the cyclohexane </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">54</chunk>
<chunk>, (</chunk>
<link target="s7"/>
<chunk>), could be successfully removed on treatment using these conditions. Hydroboration of cyclohexene </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">14</chunk>
<chunk> obtained from cyclisation of </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">9a</chunk>
<chunk>, following oxidative workup gave the cyclohexanol </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">54</chunk>
<chunk> in 77% yield. Removal of the isopropylidene and MOM protecting groups afforded a fully deprotected carba-&#946;-D-rhamnose </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">55</chunk>
<chunk> in 99% yield. The structural integrity of </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">55</chunk>
<chunk> was established by acetylation with acetic anhydride and pyridine which gave the tetraacetate </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">56</chunk>
<chunk> in 99% yield.</chunk>
</paragraph>
<float target="s7"/>
</section>
<section>
<title>
<chunk>Conclusion</chunk>
</title>
<paragraph>
<chunk>We have established that carbohydrate derived alkynes undergo 6-</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">exo</chunk>
<chunk> radical cyclisation and provide access to fully functionalised cyclohexanes and carbasugars which are not easily accessible via other routes.</chunk>
</paragraph>
</section>
<album-graphics>
<graphic public-id="1860-5397-4-43-graphical-abstract"/>
<graphic public-id="1860-5397-4-43-i2"/>
</album-graphics>
<figures>
<figure id="f1">
<caption>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Structures of compounds </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">18</chunk>
<chunk> and </chunk>
<chunk bold="yes">19</chunk>
<chunk>.</chunk>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<graphic public-id="1860-5397-4-43-1"/>
</figure>
<figure id="f2">
<caption>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Monte Carlo search on the simplified &#8220;</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">trans</chunk>
<chunk>&#8221; structures (structures shown are within 2 kcal/mol).</chunk>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<graphic public-id="1860-5397-4-43-2"/>
</figure>
<figure id="f3">
<caption>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Monte Carlo search on the simplified &#8220;</chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">cis</chunk>
<chunk>&#8221; structures (structures shown are within 2 kcal/mol).</chunk>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<graphic public-id="1860-5397-4-43-3"/>
</figure>
</figures>
<schemes>
<scheme id="s1">
<caption>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Synthesis of iodides for radical cyclisation. </chunk>
<chunk italic="yes">Reagents and conditions:</chunk>
<chunk> (i) LiC&#8801;CPh, THF, &#8722;78 &#176;C to RT 12 h; (ii) LiC&#8801;CTMS, THF, &#8722;78 &#176;C; (iii) MOMCl, iPr</chunk>
<chunk subscript="yes">2</chunk>
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<inchi-key>ZPBRYMKIQVFKJY-AKHDSKFASA-N</inchi-key>
<inchi>InChI=1S/C20H27IO6/c1-20(2)26-18(19(27-20)17(12-21)25-14-23-4)16(24-13-22-3)11-10-15-8-6-5-7-9-15/h5-9,16-19H,12-14H2,1-4H3/t16-,17-,18+,19-/m1/s1</inchi>
<smiles>CC1(C)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C#CC2=CC=CC=C2)OCOC)[C@@H]([C@@H](CI)OCOC)O1</smiles>
<extended-smiles>[C@H]1([C@H]([C@@H](C#CC2=CC=CC=C2)OCOC)OC(O1)(C)C)[C@@H](CI)OCOC |(90.45,-226.28,;90.45,-237.8,;100.43,-243.56,;110.41,-237.8,;121.93,-237.8,;133.43,-237.79,;139.17,-247.73,;150.65,-247.73,;156.39,-237.79,;150.65,-227.84,;139.17,-227.84,;94.67,-249.31,;88.93,-239.36,;77.45,-239.36,;71.71,-249.31,;79.33,-240.78,;71.18,-231.45,;79.33,-223.3,;63.02,-239.57,;63.06,-223.28,;100.43,-220.52,;110.41,-226.28,;120.38,-220.52,;94.67,-214.76,;88.93,-204.81,;77.45,-204.81,;71.71,-214.76,)|</extended-smiles>
<aux-info>AuxInfo=1/0/N:26,27,25,14,19,18,20,17,21,15,4,5,23,12,16,3,6,2,1,10,7,24,13,22,11,9,8/E:(1,2)(6,7)(8,9)/it:im/rA:27nC.oC.eC.oCCC.oIOOCOCOCCCCCCCCOCOCCC/rB:s1;s2;s3;;s1s5;s5;N1;N2;s8s9;N6;s11;s12;s13;t4;s15;d16;s17;d18;s19;s16d20;P3;s22;s23;s24;s10;s10;/rC:90,4548,-226,2820,0;90,4548,-237,8020,0;100,4315,-243,5620,0;110,4081,-237,8020,0;110,4081,-226,2820,0;100,4315,-220,5220,0;120,3847,-220,5220,0;79,3274,-223,3004,0;79,3274,-240,7836,0;71,1815,-231,4463,0;94,6662,-214,7566,0;88,9262,-204,8146,0;77,4462,-204,8146,0;71,7062,-214,7566,0;121,9281,-237,8020,0;133,4341,-237,7862,0;139,1741,-247,7282,0;150,6541,-247,7282,0;156,3941,-237,7862,0;150,6541,-227,8442,0;139,1741,-227,8442,0;94,6698,-249,3062,0;88,9298,-239,3643,0;77,4498,-239,3643,0;71,7099,-249,3062,0;63,0181,-239,5745,0;63,0588,-223,2773,0;</aux-info>
<molecular-formula>C20H27IO6</molecular-formula>
<abbreviations>C1=CC=C(C=C1)* Ph,COCO* OMOM</abbreviations>
<molfile>
  CDK     04282612462D

  0  0  0     0  0            999 V3000
M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
M  V30 COUNTS 27 28 0 0 1
M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
M  V30 1 C 90.45485 -226.282 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 2 C 90.45485 -237.802 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 3 C 100.43146 -243.562 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 4 C 110.40807 -237.802 0 0
M  V30 5 C 110.40807 -226.282 0 0
M  V30 6 C 100.43146 -220.522 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 7 I 120.38467 -220.522 0 0
M  V30 8 O 79.32739 -223.30042 0 0
M  V30 9 O 79.32739 -240.78358 0 0
M  V30 10 C 71.18152 -231.44627 0 0
M  V30 11 O 94.66624 -214.75661 0 0
M  V30 12 C 88.92624 -204.81464 0 0
M  V30 13 O 77.44624 -204.81464 0 0
M  V30 14 C 71.70624 -214.75661 0 0
M  V30 15 C 121.92805 -237.802 0 0
M  V30 16 C 133.43411 -237.78622 0 0
M  V30 17 C 139.17412 -247.7282 0 0
M  V30 18 C 150.65411 -247.7282 0 0
M  V30 19 C 156.39412 -237.78621 0 0
M  V30 20 C 150.65411 -227.84424 0 0
M  V30 21 C 139.17412 -227.84424 0 0
M  V30 22 O 94.66985 -249.30621 0 0
M  V30 23 C 88.92984 -239.36426 0 0
M  V30 24 O 77.44984 -239.36426 0 0
M  V30 25 C 71.70985 -249.30621 0 0
M  V30 26 C 63.01805 -239.57451 0 0
M  V30 27 C 63.05884 -223.27728 0 0
M  V30 END ATOM
M  V30 BEGIN BOND
M  V30 1 1 1 2
M  V30 2 1 2 3
M  V30 3 1 3 4
M  V30 4 1 5 6
M  V30 5 1 6 1
M  V30 6 1 5 7
M  V30 7 1 1 8 CFG=3
M  V30 8 1 2 9 CFG=3
M  V30 9 1 8 10
M  V30 10 1 9 10
M  V30 11 1 11 12
M  V30 12 1 12 13
M  V30 13 1 13 14
M  V30 14 1 6 11 CFG=3
M  V30 15 3 4 15
M  V30 16 2 16 17
M  V30 17 1 17 18
M  V30 18 2 18 19
M  V30 19 1 19 20
M  V30 20 2 20 21
M  V30 21 1 16 21
M  V30 22 1 15 16
M  V30 23 1 22 23
M  V30 24 1 23 24
M  V30 25 1 24 25
M  V30 26 1 3 22 CFG=1
M  V30 27 1 10 26
M  V30 28 1 10 27
M  V30 END BOND
M  V30 END CTAB
M  END
</molfile>
<backref ref="1860-5397-4-43-i2" left="62.838043" right="140.33556" top="205.50201" bottom="258.33197"/>
</substance>
<substance id="1860-5397-4-43-ZPBRYMKIQVFKJY-ZSYWTGECSA-N">
<inchi-key>ZPBRYMKIQVFKJY-ZSYWTGECSA-N</inchi-key>
<inchi>InChI=1S/C20H27IO6/c1-20(2)26-18(19(27-20)17(12-21)25-14-23-4)16(24-13-22-3)11-10-15-8-6-5-7-9-15/h5-9,16-19H,12-14H2,1-4H3/t16-,17+,18-,19+/m0/s1</inchi>
<smiles>CC1(C)O[C@@H]([C@H](C#CC2=CC=CC=C2)OCOC)[C@@H]([C@@H](CI)OCOC)O1</smiles>
<extended-smiles>[C@H]1([C@H]([C@H](C#CC2=CC=CC=C2)OCOC)OC(O1)(C)C)[C@@H](CI)OCOC |(88.59,-148.13,;88.59,-159.65,;98.57,-165.41,;108.54,-159.65,;120.06,-159.65,;131.55,-159.64,;137.29,-169.58,;148.77,-169.58,;154.51,-159.64,;148.77,-149.69,;137.29,-149.69,;92.79,-171.16,;87.05,-161.21,;75.57,-161.21,;69.83,-171.16,;77.46,-162.63,;69.32,-153.3,;77.46,-145.15,;61.25,-145.07,;61.22,-161.49,;98.57,-142.37,;108.54,-148.13,;118.52,-142.37,;92.8,-136.61,;87.06,-126.66,;75.58,-126.66,;69.84,-136.61,)|</extended-smiles>
<aux-info>AuxInfo=1/0/N:26,27,25,14,19,18,20,17,21,15,4,5,23,12,16,3,6,2,1,10,7,24,13,22,11,9,8/E:(1,2)(6,7)(8,9)/it:im/rA:27nC.oC.eC.eCCC.oIOOCOCOCCCCCCCCOCOCCC/rB:s1;s2;s3;;s1s5;s5;N1;N2;s8s9;N6;s11;s12;s13;t4;s15;d16;s17;d18;s19;s16d20;N3;s22;s23;s24;s10;s10;/rC:88,5896,-148,1320,0;88,5896,-159,6520,0;98,5663,-165,4120,0;108,5429,-159,6520,0;108,5429,-148,1320,0;98,5663,-142,3720,0;118,5195,-142,3720,0;77,4622,-145,1504,0;77,4622,-162,6336,0;69,3163,-153,2963,0;92,8010,-136,6066,0;87,0611,-126,6646,0;75,5811,-126,6646,0;69,8410,-136,6066,0;120,0629,-159,6520,0;131,5541,-159,6362,0;137,2941,-169,5782,0;148,7741,-169,5782,0;154,5141,-159,6362,0;148,7741,-149,6942,0;137,2941,-149,6942,0;92,7941,-171,1562,0;87,0541,-161,2142,0;75,5741,-161,2142,0;69,8341,-171,1562,0;61,2466,-145,0749,0;61,2194,-161,4908,0;</aux-info>
<molecular-formula>C20H27IO6</molecular-formula>
<abbreviations>C1=CC=C(C=C1)* Ph,COCO* OMOM</abbreviations>
<molfile>
  CDK     04282612462D

  0  0  0     0  0            999 V3000
M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
M  V30 COUNTS 27 28 0 0 1
M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
M  V30 1 C 88.58965 -148.132 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 2 C 88.58965 -159.65199 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 3 C 98.56625 -165.41199 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 4 C 108.54286 -159.65199 0 0
M  V30 5 C 108.54286 -148.132 0 0
M  V30 6 C 98.56625 -142.37201 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 7 I 118.51949 -142.37201 0 0
M  V30 8 O 77.46219 -145.15041 0 0
M  V30 9 O 77.46219 -162.63359 0 0
M  V30 10 C 69.31631 -153.29626 0 0
M  V30 11 O 92.80104 -136.60661 0 0
M  V30 12 C 87.06105 -126.66464 0 0
M  V30 13 O 75.58105 -126.66464 0 0
M  V30 14 C 69.84105 -136.60661 0 0
M  V30 15 C 120.06287 -159.65199 0 0
M  V30 16 C 131.55411 -159.63623 0 0
M  V30 17 C 137.29411 -169.57819 0 0
M  V30 18 C 148.77412 -169.57819 0 0
M  V30 19 C 154.51411 -159.63622 0 0
M  V30 20 C 148.77412 -149.69424 0 0
M  V30 21 C 137.29411 -149.69424 0 0
M  V30 22 O 92.79411 -171.15622 0 0
M  V30 23 C 87.05411 -161.21425 0 0
M  V30 24 O 75.57411 -161.21425 0 0
M  V30 25 C 69.83412 -171.15622 0 0
M  V30 26 C 61.24661 -145.07494 0 0
M  V30 27 C 61.21944 -161.49081 0 0
M  V30 END ATOM
M  V30 BEGIN BOND
M  V30 1 1 1 2
M  V30 2 1 2 3
M  V30 3 1 3 4
M  V30 4 1 5 6
M  V30 5 1 6 1
M  V30 6 1 5 7
M  V30 7 1 1 8 CFG=3
M  V30 8 1 2 9 CFG=3
M  V30 9 1 8 10
M  V30 10 1 9 10
M  V30 11 1 11 12
M  V30 12 1 12 13
M  V30 13 1 13 14
M  V30 14 1 6 11 CFG=3
M  V30 15 3 4 15
M  V30 16 2 16 17
M  V30 17 1 17 18
M  V30 18 2 18 19
M  V30 19 1 19 20
M  V30 20 2 20 21
M  V30 21 1 16 21
M  V30 22 1 15 16
M  V30 23 1 22 23
M  V30 24 1 23 24
M  V30 25 1 24 25
M  V30 26 1 3 22 CFG=3
M  V30 27 1 10 26
M  V30 28 1 10 27
M  V30 END BOND
M  V30 END CTAB
M  END
</molfile>
<backref ref="1860-5397-4-43-i2" left="61.037964" right="138.47035" top="127.352005" bottom="180.18199"/>
</substance>
<substance id="1860-5397-4-43-JHGYIUMWEMLIOC-FVCCEPFGSA-N">
<inchi-key>JHGYIUMWEMLIOC-FVCCEPFGSA-N</inchi-key>
<inchi>InChI=1S/C14H23IO6/c1-6-10(18-8-16-4)12-13(21-14(2,3)20-12)11(7-15)19-9-17-5/h1,10-13H,7-9H2,2-5H3/t10-,11-,12+,13-/m1/s1</inchi>
<smiles>C([H])#C[C@H]([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](CI)OCOC)OC(C)(C)O1)OCOC</smiles>
<extended-smiles>[C@H]1([C@H]([C@@H](C#C[H])OCOC)OC(O1)(C)C)[C@@H](CI)OCOC |(41.62,-53.2,;41.62,-64.72,;51.59,-70.48,;61.57,-64.72,;73.09,-64.72,;84.61,-64.72,;53.35,-87.72,;47.61,-77.78,;36.13,-77.78,;30.39,-87.72,;30.49,-67.7,;22.34,-58.36,;30.49,-50.21,;14.18,-66.49,;14.22,-50.19,;51.59,-47.44,;61.57,-53.2,;71.55,-47.44,;53.34,-43.95,;47.6,-34.01,;36.12,-34.01,;30.38,-43.95,)|</extended-smiles>
<aux-info>AuxInfo=1/0/N:15,21,22,20,14,4,5,18,12,3,6,2,1,10,7,19,13,17,11,9,8/E:(2,3)/it:im/rA:22nC.oC.eC.oCCC.oIOOCOCOCCHOCOCCC/rB:s1;s2;s3;;s1s5;s5;N1;N2;s8s9;N6;s11;s12;s13;t4;s15;P3;s17;s18;s19;s10;s10;/rC:41,6168,-53,1958,0;41,6168,-64,7158,0;51,5934,-70,4758,0;61,5700,-64,7158,0;61,5700,-53,1958,0;51,5934,-47,4358,0;71,5466,-47,4358,0;30,4893,-50,2142,0;30,4893,-67,6974,0;22,3434,-58,3600,0;53,3445,-43,9535,0;47,6045,-34,0116,0;36,1245,-34,0116,0;30,3844,-43,9535,0;73,0900,-64,7158,0;84,6100,-64,7158,0;53,3481,-87,7191,0;47,6081,-77,7772,0;36,1281,-77,7772,0;30,3881,-87,7191,0;14,1800,-66,4883,0;14,2208,-50,1910,0;</aux-info>
<molecular-formula>C14H23IO6</molecular-formula>
<abbreviations>COCO* OMOM</abbreviations>
<molfile>
  CDK     04282612462D

  0  0  0     0  0            999 V3000
M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
M  V30 COUNTS 22 22 0 0 1
M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
M  V30 1 C 41.61678 -53.19577 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 2 C 41.61678 -64.71576 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 3 C 51.59338 -70.47577 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 4 C 61.57001 -64.71576 0 0
M  V30 5 C 61.57001 -53.19577 0 0
M  V30 6 C 51.59338 -47.43578 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 7 I 71.54662 -47.43578 0 0
M  V30 8 O 30.48932 -50.21417 0 0
M  V30 9 O 30.48932 -67.69736 0 0
M  V30 10 C 22.34344 -58.36005 0 0
M  V30 11 O 53.34445 -43.95354 0 0
M  V30 12 C 47.60446 -34.01157 0 0
M  V30 13 O 36.12445 -34.01157 0 0
M  V30 14 C 30.38445 -43.95354 0 0
M  V30 15 C 73.09 -64.71576 0 0
M  V30 16 O 53.34805 -87.71915 0 0
M  V30 17 C 47.60806 -77.77718 0 0
M  V30 18 O 36.12807 -77.77718 0 0
M  V30 19 C 30.38806 -87.71915 0 0
M  V30 20 C 14.17999 -66.48828 0 0
M  V30 21 C 14.22076 -50.19104 0 0
M  V30 22 H 84.60999 -64.71576 0 0
M  V30 END ATOM
M  V30 BEGIN BOND
M  V30 1 1 1 2
M  V30 2 1 2 3
M  V30 3 1 3 4
M  V30 4 1 5 6
M  V30 5 1 6 1
M  V30 6 1 5 7
M  V30 7 1 1 8 CFG=3
M  V30 8 1 2 9 CFG=3
M  V30 9 1 8 10
M  V30 10 1 9 10
M  V30 11 1 11 12
M  V30 12 1 12 13
M  V30 13 1 13 14
M  V30 14 1 6 11 CFG=3
M  V30 15 3 4 15
M  V30 16 1 15 22
M  V30 17 1 16 17
M  V30 18 1 17 18
M  V30 19 1 18 19
M  V30 20 1 3 16 CFG=1
M  V30 21 1 10 20
M  V30 22 1 10 21
M  V30 END BOND
M  V30 END CTAB
M  END
</molfile>
<backref ref="1860-5397-4-43-i3" left="13.999985" right="87.484985" top="32.41577" bottom="85.24576"/>
</substance>
<substance id="1860-5397-4-43-QIPHOHIUKLKWKB-LPWJVIDDSA-N">
<inchi-key>QIPHOHIUKLKWKB-LPWJVIDDSA-N</inchi-key>
<inchi>InChI=1S/C14H24O6/c1-9-6-10(17-7-15-4)12-13(11(9)18-8-16-5)20-14(2,3)19-12/h10-13H,1,6-8H2,2-5H3/t10-,11-,12-,13+/m1/s1</inchi>
<smiles>C=C1C[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]1OCOC)OC(C)(C)O2)OCOC</smiles>
<extended-smiles>C1[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](C1=C)OCOC)OC(O2)(C)C)OCOC |(202.7,-41.74,;202.7,-53.26,;212.68,-59.02,;222.65,-53.26,;222.65,-41.74,;212.68,-35.98,;212.68,-24.5,;265.56,-41.15,;259.82,-31.21,;248.34,-31.21,;242.6,-41.15,;231.21,-60.97,;226.53,-71.49,;215.07,-70.29,;221.35,-81.78,;237.96,-72.93,;227.74,-63.01,;222,-53.07,;210.52,-53.07,;204.78,-63.01,)|</extended-smiles>
<aux-info>AuxInfo=1/0/N:7,19,20,11,15,1,9,13,6,2,5,3,4,17,10,14,8,12,16,18/E:(2,3)/it:im/rA:20nCC.eC.eC.eC.oCCOCOCOCOCOCOCC/rB:s1;s2;s3;s4;s1s5;d6;N2;s8;s9;s10;P5;s12;s13;s14;N3;s16;N4s17;s17;s17;/rC:202,6994,-41,7400,0;202,6994,-53,2600,0;212,6761,-59,0200,0;222,6526,-53,2600,0;222,6526,-41,7400,0;212,6761,-35,9800,0;212,6761,-24,5000,0;227,7361,-63,0100,0;221,9961,-53,0680,0;210,5161,-53,0680,0;204,7761,-63,0100,0;265,5616,-41,1500,0;259,8216,-31,2080,0;248,3416,-31,2080,0;242,6016,-41,1500,0;215,0712,-70,2882,0;226,5281,-71,4924,0;231,2137,-60,9684,0;221,3486,-81,7824,0;237,9584,-72,9268,0;</aux-info>
<molecular-formula>C14H24O6</molecular-formula>
<abbreviations>COCO* OMOM</abbreviations>
<molfile>+
  CDK     04282612462D

  0  0  0     0  0            999 V3000
M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
M  V30 COUNTS 20 21 0 0 1
M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
M  V30 1 C 202.69945 -41.73999 0 0
M  V30 2 C 202.69945 -53.25999 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 3 C 212.67606 -59.01999 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 4 C 222.65265 -53.25999 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 5 C 222.65265 -41.73999 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 6 C 212.67606 -35.98 0 0
M  V30 7 C 212.67606 -24.5 0 0
M  V30 8 O 227.73613 -63.00999 0 0
M  V30 9 C 221.99614 -53.06801 0 0
M  V30 10 O 210.51613 -53.06801 0 0
M  V30 11 C 204.77612 -63.00999 0 0
M  V30 12 O 265.56158 -41.14999 0 0
M  V30 13 C 259.82159 -31.20801 0 0
M  V30 14 O 248.34158 -31.20801 0 0
M  V30 15 C 242.60158 -41.14999 0 0
M  V30 16 O 215.0712 -70.28824 0 0
M  V30 17 C 226.52808 -71.4924 0 0
M  V30 18 O 231.21368 -60.96837 0 0
M  V30 19 C 221.34863 -81.78238 0 0
M  V30 20 C 237.95844 -72.9268 0 0
M  V30 END ATOM
M  V30 BEGIN BOND
M  V30 1 1 1 2
M  V30 2 1 2 3
M  V30 3 1 3 4
M  V30 4 1 4 5
M  V30 5 1 5 6
M  V30 6 1 6 1
M  V30 7 2 6 7
M  V30 8 1 8 9
M  V30 9 1 9 10
M  V30 10 1 10 11
M  V30 11 1 2 8 CFG=3
M  V30 12 1 12 13
M  V30 13 1 13 14
M  V30 14 1 14 15
M  V30 15 1 5 12 CFG=1
M  V30 16 1 3 16 CFG=3
M  V30 17 1 16 17
M  V30 18 1 17 18
M  V30 19 1 4 18 CFG=3
M  V30 20 1 17 19
M  V30 21 1 17 20
M  V30 END BOND
M  V30 END CTAB
M  END
</molfile>
<backref ref="1860-5397-4-43-i3" left="170.18245" right="273.42606" top="24.5" bottom="81.897064"/>
</substance>
<substance id="1860-5397-4-43-UPNVKALRYSDZHY-OUAUKWLOSA-N">
<inchi-key>UPNVKALRYSDZHY-OUAUKWLOSA-N</inchi-key>
<inchi>InChI=1S/C12H20O4/c1-8-5-9(14-7-13-4)11-10(6-8)15-12(2,3)16-11/h6,9-11H,5,7H2,1-4H3/t9-,10+,11-/m1/s1</inchi>
<smiles>CC1=C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](C1)OCOC)OC(C)(C)O2</smiles>
<extended-smiles>C1[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C=C1C)OC(O2)(C)C)OCOC |(308.9,-40.99,;308.9,-52.51,;318.88,-58.27,;328.85,-52.51,;328.85,-40.99,;318.88,-35.23,;318.88,-23.75,;337.41,-60.22,;332.73,-70.74,;321.27,-69.54,;327.55,-81.03,;344.16,-72.18,;352.18,-62.26,;346.44,-52.32,;334.96,-52.32,;329.22,-62.26,)|</extended-smiles>
<aux-info>AuxInfo=1/0/N:7,15,16,11,1,5,9,6,2,4,3,13,10,8,14,12/E:(2,3)/it:im/rA:16nCC.eC.eC.eCCCOCOCOCOCC/rB:s1;s2;s3;s4;s1d5;s6;N2;s8;s9;s10;N3;s12;N4s13;s13;s13;/rC:308,8994,-40,9900,0;308,8994,-52,5100,0;318,8760,-58,2700,0;328,8527,-52,5100,0;328,8527,-40,9900,0;318,8760,-35,2300,0;318,8760,-23,7500,0;352,1761,-62,2600,0;346,4361,-52,3180,0;334,9561,-52,3180,0;329,2161,-62,2600,0;321,2712,-69,5382,0;332,7281,-70,7424,0;337,4137,-60,2184,0;327,5486,-81,0324,0;344,1584,-72,1768,0;</aux-info>
<molecular-formula>C12H20O4</molecular-formula>
<abbreviations>COCO* OMOM</abbreviations>
<molfile>
  CDK     04282612462D

  0  0  0     0  0            999 V3000
M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
M  V30 COUNTS 16 17 0 0 1
M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
M  V30 1 C 308.89944 -40.98999 0 0
M  V30 2 C 308.89944 -52.50999 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 3 C 318.87604 -58.26999 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 4 C 328.85266 -52.50999 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 5 C 328.85266 -40.98999 0 0
M  V30 6 C 318.87604 -35.23 0 0
M  V30 7 C 318.87604 -23.75 0 0
M  V30 8 O 352.17612 -62.25999 0 0
M  V30 9 C 346.43613 -52.31801 0 0
M  V30 10 O 334.95612 -52.31801 0 0
M  V30 11 C 329.21613 -62.25999 0 0
M  V30 12 O 321.27118 -69.53824 0 0
M  V30 13 C 332.72809 -70.7424 0 0
M  V30 14 O 337.4137 -60.21837 0 0
M  V30 15 C 327.54865 -81.03238 0 0
M  V30 16 C 344.15845 -72.1768 0 0
M  V30 END ATOM
M  V30 BEGIN BOND
M  V30 1 1 1 2
M  V30 2 1 2 3
M  V30 3 1 3 4
M  V30 4 1 4 5
M  V30 5 2 5 6
M  V30 6 1 6 1
M  V30 7 1 6 7
M  V30 8 1 8 9
M  V30 9 1 9 10
M  V30 10 1 10 11
M  V30 11 1 2 8 CFG=3
M  V30 12 1 3 12 CFG=3
M  V30 13 1 12 13
M  V30 14 1 13 14
M  V30 15 1 4 14 CFG=3
M  V30 16 1 13 15
M  V30 17 1 13 16
M  V30 END BOND
M  V30 END CTAB
M  END
</molfile>
<backref ref="1860-5397-4-43-i3" left="276.38245" right="344.1902" top="23.75" bottom="81.147064"/>
<backref ref="1860-5397-4-43-i7" left="55.010223" right="122.81583" top="197.79166" bottom="255.18108"/>
</substance>
<substance id="1860-5397-4-43-UVILWQYTYCDJJQ-CLPYTZEMSA-N">
<inchi-key>UVILWQYTYCDJJQ-CLPYTZEMSA-N</inchi-key>
<inchi>InChI=1S/C14H26O7/c1-14(2)20-12-10(18-7-16-3)5-9(6-15)11(13(12)21-14)19-8-17-4/h9-13,15H,5-8H2,1-4H3/t9-,10+,11+,12+,13-/m0/s1</inchi>
<smiles>CC1(C)O[C@@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]2O1)OCOC)OCOC</smiles>
<extended-smiles>C1[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1CO)OCOC)OC(O2)(C)C)OCOC |(202.55,-157.54,;202.55,-169.06,;212.53,-174.82,;222.5,-169.06,;222.5,-157.54,;212.53,-151.78,;212.53,-140.3,;202.14,-135.32,;265.53,-181.91,;259.79,-171.97,;248.31,-171.97,;242.57,-181.91,;231.06,-176.77,;226.38,-187.29,;214.92,-186.09,;237.81,-188.73,;221.46,-197.71,;227.71,-203.77,;221.97,-193.83,;210.49,-193.83,;204.75,-203.77,)|</extended-smiles>
<aux-info>AuxInfo=1/0/N:19,21,11,15,1,7,9,13,6,2,5,3,4,17,20,10,14,8,12,16,18/E:(1,2)/it:im/rA:21nCC.eC.eC.eC.oC.eCOCOCOCOCOCOCOC/rB:s1;s2;s3;s4;s1s5;P6;N2;s8;s9;s10;P5;s12;s13;s14;N3;s16;N4s17;s17;s7;s17;/rC:202,5494,-157,5400,0;202,5494,-169,0600,0;212,5261,-174,8200,0;222,5027,-169,0600,0;222,5027,-157,5400,0;212,5261,-151,7800,0;212,5261,-140,3000,0;227,7061,-203,7700,0;221,9661,-193,8280,0;210,4861,-193,8280,0;204,7461,-203,7700,0;265,5316,-181,9100,0;259,7916,-171,9680,0;248,3116,-171,9680,0;242,5716,-181,9100,0;214,9212,-186,0882,0;226,3781,-187,2924,0;231,0637,-176,7684,0;237,8084,-188,7268,0;202,1371,-135,3220,0;221,4604,-197,7100,0;</aux-info>
<molecular-formula>C14H26O7</molecular-formula>
<abbreviations>COCO* OMOM</abbreviations>
<molfile>
  CDK     04282612462D

  0  0  0     0  0            999 V3000
M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
M  V30 COUNTS 21 22 0 0 1
M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
M  V30 1 C 202.54944 -157.53999 0 0
M  V30 2 C 202.54944 -169.06 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 3 C 212.52606 -174.81999 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 4 C 222.50266 -169.06 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 5 C 222.50266 -157.53999 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 6 C 212.52606 -151.78 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 7 C 212.52606 -140.29999 0 0
M  V30 8 O 227.70613 -203.76999 0 0
M  V30 9 C 221.96614 -193.828 0 0
M  V30 10 O 210.48613 -193.828 0 0
M  V30 11 C 204.74612 -203.76999 0 0
M  V30 12 O 265.53159 -181.90999 0 0
M  V30 13 C 259.7916 -171.96802 0 0
M  V30 14 O 248.31158 -171.96802 0 0
M  V30 15 C 242.57158 -181.90999 0 0
M  V30 16 O 214.9212 -186.08824 0 0
M  V30 17 C 226.37808 -187.2924 0 0
M  V30 18 O 231.06367 -176.76837 0 0
M  V30 19 C 237.80843 -188.72681 0 0
M  V30 20 O 202.13713 -135.32196 0 0
M  V30 21 C 221.46045 -197.71002 0 0
M  V30 END ATOM
M  V30 BEGIN BOND
M  V30 1 1 1 2
M  V30 2 1 2 3
M  V30 3 1 3 4
M  V30 4 1 4 5
M  V30 5 1 5 6
M  V30 6 1 6 1
M  V30 7 1 6 7 CFG=1
M  V30 8 1 8 9
M  V30 9 1 9 10
M  V30 10 1 10 11
M  V30 11 1 2 8 CFG=3
M  V30 12 1 12 13
M  V30 13 1 13 14
M  V30 14 1 14 15
M  V30 15 1 5 12 CFG=1
M  V30 16 1 3 16 CFG=3
M  V30 17 1 16 17
M  V30 18 1 17 18
M  V30 19 1 4 18 CFG=3
M  V30 20 1 17 19
M  V30 21 1 7 20
M  V30 22 1 17 21
M  V30 END BOND
M  V30 END CTAB
M  END
</molfile>
<backref ref="1860-5397-4-43-i3" left="170.03246" right="255.01964" top="132.17195" bottom="197.81891"/>
</substance>
<substance id="1860-5397-4-43-DIMQLMIDGKHOKC-AKHDSKFASA-N">
<inchi-key>DIMQLMIDGKHOKC-AKHDSKFASA-N</inchi-key>
<inchi>InChI=1S/C20H26O7/c1-20(2)26-18(19(27-20)17(12-21)25-14-23-4)16(24-13-22-3)11-10-15-8-6-5-7-9-15/h5-9,12,16-19H,13-14H2,1-4H3/t16-,17-,18+,19-/m1/s1</inchi>
<smiles>CC1(C)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C#CC2=CC=CC=C2)OCOC)[C@@H]([C@@H](C=O)OCOC)O1</smiles>
<extended-smiles>[C@H]1([C@H]([C@@H](C#CC2=CC=CC=C2)OCOC)OC(O1)(C)C)[C@@H](C=O)OCOC |(189.35,-129.43,;189.35,-140.95,;199.33,-146.71,;209.31,-140.95,;220.83,-140.95,;278.81,-324.72,;284.55,-334.66,;296.03,-334.66,;301.77,-324.72,;296.03,-314.78,;284.55,-314.78,;233.42,-339.72,;227.68,-329.78,;216.2,-329.78,;210.46,-339.72,;178.4,-144.51,;171.62,-135.19,;178.4,-125.87,;163.28,-127.25,;166.39,-145.45,;199.33,-123.67,;246.17,-308.04,;256.11,-313.78,;233.43,-295.95,;227.69,-286.01,;216.21,-286.01,;210.47,-295.95,)|</extended-smiles>
<aux-info>AuxInfo=1/0/N:26,27,22,11,16,15,17,14,18,12,4,5,20,9,13,3,7,2,1,24,6,21,10,19,8,25,23/E:(1,2)(6,7)(8,9)/it:im/rA:27nC.oC.eC.oCCOC.oOCOCCCCCCCCOCOCOCOCC/rB:s1;s2;s3;;d5;s1s5;N7;s8;s9;s10;t4;s12;d13;s14;d15;s16;s13d17;P3;s19;s20;s21;N1;s23;N2s24;s24;s24;/rC:189,3522,-129,4326,0;189,3522,-140,9526,0;199,3288,-146,7126,0;209,3054,-140,9526,0;246,1714,-308,0418,0;256,1133,-313,7819,0;199,3288,-123,6726,0;233,4270,-295,9537,0;227,6870,-286,0117,0;216,2070,-286,0117,0;210,4670,-295,9537,0;220,8254,-140,9526,0;278,8099,-324,7207,0;284,5500,-334,6627,0;296,0300,-334,6627,0;301,7700,-324,7207,0;296,0300,-314,7787,0;284,5500,-314,7787,0;233,4181,-339,7236,0;227,6781,-329,7816,0;216,1981,-329,7816,0;210,4581,-339,7236,0;178,3960,-125,8727,0;171,6248,-135,1926,0;178,3960,-144,5124,0;163,2808,-127,2497,0;166,3892,-145,4541,0;</aux-info>
<molecular-formula>C20H26O7</molecular-formula>
<abbreviations>C1=CC=C(C=C1)* Ph,COCO* OMOM,C(=O)* CHO</abbreviations>
<molfile>
  CDK     04282612462D

  0  0  0     0  0            999 V3000
M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
M  V30 COUNTS 27 28 0 0 1
M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
M  V30 1 C 189.3522 -129.43259 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 2 C 189.3522 -140.95258 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 3 C 199.32881 -146.71257 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 4 C 209.30542 -140.95258 0 0
M  V30 5 C 246.17137 -308.04184 0 0
M  V30 6 O 256.11334 -313.78186 0 0
M  V30 7 C 199.32881 -123.67259 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 8 O 233.42702 -295.95374 0 0
M  V30 9 C 227.68703 -286.01175 0 0
M  V30 10 O 216.20702 -286.01175 0 0
M  V30 11 C 210.46701 -295.95374 0 0
M  V30 12 C 220.82542 -140.95258 0 0
M  V30 13 C 278.80994 -324.7207 0 0
M  V30 14 C 284.54996 -334.66266 0 0
M  V30 15 C 296.02997 -334.66266 0 0
M  V30 16 C 301.76996 -324.7207 0 0
M  V30 17 C 296.02997 -314.77875 0 0
M  V30 18 C 284.54996 -314.77875 0 0
M  V30 19 O 233.41809 -339.72357 0 0
M  V30 20 C 227.67809 -329.78156 0 0
M  V30 21 O 216.19809 -329.78156 0 0
M  V30 22 C 210.45808 -339.72357 0 0
M  V30 23 O 178.39603 -125.87271 0 0
M  V30 24 C 171.62476 -135.19258 0 0
M  V30 25 O 178.39603 -144.51244 0 0
M  V30 26 C 163.28082 -127.24971 0 0
M  V30 27 C 166.38919 -145.45412 0 0
M  V30 END ATOM
M  V30 BEGIN BOND
M  V30 1 1 1 2
M  V30 2 1 2 3
M  V30 3 1 3 4
M  V30 4 2 5 6
M  V30 5 1 5 7
M  V30 6 1 7 1
M  V30 7 1 8 9
M  V30 8 1 9 10
M  V30 9 1 10 11
M  V30 10 1 7 8 CFG=3
M  V30 11 3 4 12
M  V30 12 2 13 14
M  V30 13 1 14 15
M  V30 14 2 15 16
M  V30 15 1 16 17
M  V30 16 2 17 18
M  V30 17 1 13 18
M  V30 18 1 12 13
M  V30 19 1 19 20
M  V30 20 1 20 21
M  V30 21 1 21 22
M  V30 22 1 3 19 CFG=1
M  V30 23 1 1 23 CFG=3
M  V30 24 1 23 24
M  V30 25 1 24 25
M  V30 26 1 2 25 CFG=3
M  V30 27 1 24 26
M  V30 28 1 24 27
M  V30 END BOND
M  V30 END CTAB
M  END
</molfile>
<backref ref="1860-5397-4-43-i4" left="163.10492" right="239.23291" top="108.65259" bottom="161.48257"/>
</substance>
<substance id="1860-5397-4-43-DIMQLMIDGKHOKC-ZSYWTGECSA-N">
<inchi-key>DIMQLMIDGKHOKC-ZSYWTGECSA-N</inchi-key>
<inchi>InChI=1S/C20H26O7/c1-20(2)26-18(19(27-20)17(12-21)25-14-23-4)16(24-13-22-3)11-10-15-8-6-5-7-9-15/h5-9,12,16-19H,13-14H2,1-4H3/t16-,17+,18-,19+/m0/s1</inchi>
<smiles>CC1(C)O[C@@H]([C@H](C#CC2=CC=CC=C2)OCOC)[C@@H]([C@@H](C=O)OCOC)O1</smiles>
<extended-smiles>[C@H]1([C@H]([C@H](C#CC2=CC=CC=C2)OCOC)OC(O1)(C)C)[C@@H](C=O)OCOC |(63.04,-130.3,;63.04,-141.82,;73.01,-147.58,;82.99,-141.82,;94.51,-141.82,;124.83,-325.46,;130.57,-335.4,;142.05,-335.4,;147.79,-325.46,;142.05,-315.52,;130.57,-315.52,;79.43,-340.46,;73.69,-330.52,;62.21,-330.52,;56.47,-340.46,;52.08,-145.38,;45.31,-136.06,;52.08,-126.74,;39.67,-146.11,;37.31,-127.77,;73.01,-124.54,;92.19,-308.78,;102.13,-314.52,;79.45,-296.7,;73.71,-286.75,;62.23,-286.75,;56.49,-296.7,)|</extended-smiles>
<aux-info>AuxInfo=1/0/N:26,27,22,11,16,15,17,14,18,12,4,5,20,9,13,3,7,2,1,24,6,21,10,19,8,25,23/E:(1,2)(6,7)(8,9)/it:im/rA:27nC.oC.eC.eCCOC.oOCOCCCCCCCCOCOCOCOCC/rB:s1;s2;s3;;d5;s1s5;N7;s8;s9;s10;t4;s12;d13;s14;d15;s16;s13d17;N3;s19;s20;s21;N1;s23;N2s24;s24;s24;/rC:63,0364,-130,3010,0;63,0364,-141,8210,0;73,0130,-147,5810,0;82,9896,-141,8210,0;92,1882,-308,7755,0;102,1302,-314,5155,0;73,0130,-124,5410,0;79,4481,-296,6958,0;73,7081,-286,7538,0;62,2281,-286,7538,0;56,4881,-296,6958,0;94,5096,-141,8210,0;124,8310,-325,4628,0;130,5710,-335,4048,0;142,0510,-335,4048,0;147,7910,-325,4628,0;142,0510,-315,5208,0;130,5710,-315,5208,0;79,4349,-340,4572,0;73,6949,-330,5153,0;62,2149,-330,5153,0;56,4749,-340,4572,0;52,0802,-126,7411,0;45,3090,-136,0610,0;52,0802,-145,3809,0;39,6681,-146,1054,0;37,3069,-127,7739,0;</aux-info>
<molecular-formula>C20H26O7</molecular-formula>
<abbreviations>C1=CC=C(C=C1)* Ph,COCO* OMOM,C(=O)* CHO</abbreviations>
<molfile>
  CDK     04282612462D

  0  0  0     0  0            999 V3000
M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
M  V30 COUNTS 27 28 0 0 1
M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
M  V30 1 C 63.03642 -130.30101 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 2 C 63.03642 -141.82101 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 3 C 73.01303 -147.58101 0 0 CFG=1
M  V30 4 C 82.98964 -141.82101 0 0
M  V30 5 C 92.1882 -308.77551 0 0
M  V30 6 O 102.13019 -314.51553 0 0
M  V30 7 C 73.01303 -124.54102 0 0 CFG=2
M  V30 8 O 79.44807 -296.69583 0 0
M  V30 9 C 73.70808 -286.75385 0 0
M  V30 10 O 62.22807 -286.75385 0 0
M  V30 11 C 56.48808 -296.69583 0 0
M  V30 12 C 94.50964 -141.82101 0 0
M  V30 13 C 124.83101 -325.46283 0 0
M  V30 14 C 130.57101 -335.40479 0 0
M  V30 15 C 142.05101 -335.40479 0 0
M  V30 16 C 147.79102 -325.46283 0 0
M  V30 17 C 142.05101 -315.52084 0 0
M  V30 18 C 130.57101 -315.52084 0 0
M  V30 19 O 79.43494 -340.45724 0 0
M  V30 20 C 73.69493 -330.51526 0 0
M  V30 21 O 62.21492 -330.51526 0 0
M  V30 22 C 56.47493 -340.45724 0 0
M  V30 23 O 52.08025 -126.74113 0 0
M  V30 24 C 45.30896 -136.06102 0 0
M  V30 25 O 52.08025 -145.38087 0 0
M  V30 26 C 39.66806 -146.10544 0 0
M  V30 27 C 37.30685 -127.77388 0 0
M  V30 END ATOM
M  V30 BEGIN BOND
M  V30 1 1 1 2
M  V30 2 1 2 3
M  V30 3 1 3 4
M  V30 4 2 5 6
M  V30 5 1 5 7
M  V30 6 1 7 1
M  V30 7 1 8 9
M  V30 8 1 9 10
M  V30 9 1 10 11
M  V30 10 1 7 8 CFG=3
M  V30 11 3 4 12
M  V30 12 2 13 14
M  V30 13 1 14 15
M  V30 14 2 15 16
M  V30 15 1 16 17
M  V30 16 2 17 18
M  V30 17 1 13 18
M  V30 18 1 12 13
M  V30 19 1 19 20
M  V30 20 1 20 21
M  V30 21 1 21 22
M  V30 22 1 3 19 CFG=3
M  V30 23 1 1 23 CFG=3
M  V30 24 1 23 24
M  V30 25 1 24 25
M  V30 26 1 2 25 CFG=3
M  V30 27 1 24 26
M  V30 28 1 24 27
M  V30 END BOND
M  V30 END CTAB
M  END
</molfile>
<backref ref="1860-5397-4-43-i4" left="37.12332" right="112.91713" top="109.52103" bottom="162.351"/>
</substance>
<substance id="1860-5397-4-43-PVOBVVDEHXGXNM-AKHDSKFASA-N">
<inchi-key>PVOBVVDEHXGXNM-AKHDSKFASA-N</inchi-key>
<inchi>InChI=1S/C20H28O7/c1-20(2)26-18(19(27-20)17(12-21)25-14-23-4)16(24-13-22-3)11-10-15-8-6-5-7-9-15/h5-9,16-19,21H,12-14H2,1-4H3/t16-,17-,18+,19-/m1/s1</inchi>
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<caption>
<paragraph>
<chunk>Experimental and Data</chunk>
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<end-section>
<title>
<chunk>Acknowledgements</chunk>
</title>
<paragraph>
<chunk>We thank the EPSRC for access to central facilities for high resolution mass spectrometric data at the University of Wales, Swansea, and FPC for financial support for this research. We thank Professor W. T. Borden for helpful discussions regarding vinyl radicals.</chunk>
</paragraph>
</end-section>
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