C3-Alkylation of furfural derivatives by continuous flow homogeneous catalysis

• Grédy Kiala Kinkutu,
• Catherine Louis,
• Myriam Roy,
• Juliette Blanchard and
• Julie Oble

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 582–592, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.43

• Supporting Information File 1, p. S20), meaning that the ruthenium trimer was no longer present. The TEM analysis of the recovered solid phase (Scheme 5B) showed the formation of large aggregates with high electron density. Moreover, ruthenium was detected by XPS analysis (Scheme 5B); the binding energy of

• the 3d5/2 orbital was 280.94 eV, which corresponds to Ru(0). Double bonds π C=C were also detected in the sample at 285.49 eV, reflecting the presence of the PPh3 groups, but no C=O double bonds could be observed (while the presence of a C=O bond was clearly observed on the XPS spectrum of comp4 (see

• ) δ 7.55–7.37 (m, 15H); 31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3) δ 35.06; XPS BE Ru 3d5/2 (281.58). These data are in good agreement with those reported in literature. Crystals were grown from a solution in Et2O and identified by X-ray diffraction as a known phase of comp4 [41]. General procedure for C3-alkylation of

Mechanochemical bottom-up synthesis of phosphorus-linked, heptazine-based carbon nitrides using sodium phosphide

• Blaine G. Fiss,
• Georgia Douglas,
• Michael Ferguson,
• Jorge Becerra,
• Jesus Valdez,
• Trong-On Do,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.125

• , mechanochemical synthesis of phosphorus-bridged heptazine-based carbon nitrides (g-h-PCN). The structure of these materials was determined through a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), density

• broad Bragg reflections at 2θ = 16° and 28°. This suggests a high thermal stability of the g-h-PCN structure, being formed during the mild milling and aging conditions, with no need for annealing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) To gain insight into the atomic speciation within the structure and

• establish phosphorus atoms are linkers between heptazine units, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to probe the surface. In g-h-PCN, XPS scans focused on carbon 1s showed three major peaks at 284.7, 286.4, and 288.6 eV, corresponding to C=N, C–OH and C=O signals, respectively (Figure 2a), as

Post-synthesis from Lewis acid–base interaction: an alternative way to generate light and harvest triplet excitons

• Hengjia Liu and
• Guohua Xie

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 825–836, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.83

• compound 14 respectively with B(C6F5)3 and B(C6H5)3 by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [29]. The B(1s) signal showed peaks at 190.61 and 191.08 eV, respectively. This is close to the reported characteristic B–N binding energy (190.5 eV) in B–N crystals. Despite the weak signals of boron in these two

Recent developments and trends in the iron- and cobalt-catalyzed Sonogashira reactions

• Surendran Amrutha,
• Sankaran Radhika and
• Gopinathan Anilkumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 262–285, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.31

• phenylacetylene in the presence of a series of PdCo bimetallic nanoparticles with different compositions on graphite sheets as highly active catalysts (Scheme 27) [40]. The catalyst was prepared by a chemical reduction method and characterized by various techniques like Raman, XRD, TEM, and XPS. The Pd/Co(1:1)NPs

A new and efficient methodology for olefin epoxidation catalyzed by supported cobalt nanoparticles

• Lucía Rossi-Fernández,
• Viviana Dorn and
• Gabriel Radivoy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 519–526, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.46

• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (see Supporting Information File 1). TEM analysis showed the presence of highly dispersed spherical cobalt nanoparticles, most of them ranging between 6 and 11 nm in size (Figure 1). EDX analysis in various regions of the sample (Figure S2, Supporting

• determined by ICP-AES. The analysis of the XPS spectra in the Co 2p region was consistent with the presence of Co2+ and Co3+, with main binding energy peaks at 779.6 and 780.0 eV, along with satellite signal at approximately 786 eV, which in principle could be ascribed to Co3O4 species in the catalyst

• (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1). Nevertheless, it must be pointed out that the oxidation state of cobalt is difficult to assign from the XPS results, due to the binding energy overlap of the different cobalt oxides [54]. Based on our results and previous reports by other groups on the same area

A novel and robust heterogeneous Cu catalyst using modified lignosulfonate as support for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles

• Bingbing Lai,
• Meng Ye,
• Ping Liu,
• Minghao Li,
• Rongxian Bai and
• Yanlong Gu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2888–2902, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.238

• a robust supporting material to immobilize a copper species. The so-obtained catalyst was characterized by many physicochemical methods including FTIR, EA, FSEM, FTEM, XPS, and TG. This catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as

• the results are presented in Figure 4. The LS-FAS-Cu catalyst featured irregular and blocky morphology with uneven size from 100 nm to 400 nm (Figure 4a–d). In addition, the elemental mapping images clearly revealed the presence and uniform distribution of C, Cu, O, and S in LAS-FAS-Cu. XPS was

• spectrum of Cu 2p3/2, the peak at ≈936 eV was assigned to Cu2+ in the spinel, accompanied by the characteristic Cu2+ shakeup satellite peaks at 938−948 eV, while the peak at ≈933 eV suggested the presence of Cu+ and/or Cu0 species. Because Cu 2p3/2 XPS cannot differentiate between Cu+ and Cu0, Auger Cu LMM

Palladium nanoparticles supported on chitin-based nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction

• Tony Jin,
• Malickah Hicks,
• Davis Kurdyla,
• Sabahudin Hrapovic,
• Edmond Lam and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2477–2483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.201

• agglomerated together (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5). A similar packet formation was observed when the wt/wt loading of PdCl2 was reduced by to 0.8 wt % to fabricate PdNP@ChNC (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to confirm the oxidation state

• of Pd on both the support materials (Figure 3). The experimental XPS spectra were deconvoluted and their match with thus obtained fitted data confirmed. Firstly, Pd on PdNP@ChNC was mainly Pd(0), with the Pd 3d5/2 peak residing at 335.1 eV, along with a small shoulder at higher binding energy

• survey XPS scan showed no Cl contribution to the overall atom distribution suggesting that no PdCl2 species were present in the nanocomposites. For the second point, high-resolution XPS spectra on the O 1s scan of both the PdNP@ChNC and PdNP@ChsNC samples show the exact same symmetric peak, similar to

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

• Melanie Iwanow,
• Tobias Gärtner,
• Volker Sieber and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1188–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.104

• /O elemental analysis, EDX, XPS, XRD and TGA. Keywords: activated carbon; catalysis; characterization techniques; metal supported on carbon catalysts; preparation methods; Introduction Support materials for metal catalysts allow the dispersion and stabilization of small metal particles on a surface

• with H3PO4 during chemical activation or modification with HNO3 occurs uniformly on the entire surface, since the heteroatoms (nitrogen and phosphorous) are quite homogeneously distributed on the surface of the activated carbons [130]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA): X-ray photoelectron

• from the measured kinetic energies. After baseline subtraction, the curves are fitted to Gaussian and Lorenztian peak shapes with different proportions. For calibration of the XPS method, the carbon 1s electron binding energy was referenced at 284.6 eV [10][124][131][132]. Pietrzak investigated with

A systematic review on silica-, carbon-, and magnetic materials-supported copper species as efficient heterogeneous nanocatalysts in “click” reactions

• Pezhman Shiri and
• Jasem Aboonajmi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 551–586, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.52

• –nSiO2 (45, Scheme 7). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis displayed a Cu 2p3/2 peak of the Cu(II)Br2–BTP@TMSP–nSiO2 catalyst at 933.5 eV attributed to a Cu(II) species. Monotriazoles were obtained using 0.2 mol % of Cu(II)Br2–BTP@TMSP–nSiO2 (45) and a catalytic amount of sodium ascorbate as

• cycle of 98 to 55 to 26%. The deactivation of the catalyst was probably related to the remarkable decrease in pore volume and surface area that were proved by XPS surface analysis. 1,2-Bis(4-pyridylthio)ethane (62) was covalently grafted on the functionalized silica nanoparticles 61 by the reaction in

Synthesis of 3-alkenylindoles through regioselective C–H alkenylation of indoles by a ruthenium nanocatalyst

• Abhijit Paul,
• Debnath Chatterjee,
• Srirupa Banerjee and
• Somnath Yadav

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 140–148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.16

• analysed by XPS, which showed peaks at 280.0 and 284.7 eV (Figure S8, Supporting Information File 1), corresponded to the 3d5/2 and 3d3/2 peak regions of ruthenium (Figure S9, Supporting Information File 1). This could be deconvoluted to the peaks for Ru(0) at 279.8 and 283.8 eV and RuO2 at 280.5 and 284.6

• in the sample (Figure S10, Supporting Information File 1) [48][49]. Additionally, in the XPS experiment, the peaks corresponding to O 1s at 529.7 (Figure S8, Supporting Information File 1) could also be detected which, unequivocally pointed at the presence of RuOx in addition to the Ru(0) species

• . The ruthenium:oxygen ratio was found to be 3:1 from the XPS elemental ratio (Figure S8, Supporting Information File 1). Further confirmation of the presence of surface oxides was obtained through IR spectroscopy, which showed a Ru–O stretching peak at 462 cm−1 (Figure S9, Supporting Information File 1

Mechanochemical amorphization of chitin: impact of apparatus material on performance and contamination

• Thomas Di Nardo and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1217–1225, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.119

• . Contamination by fluorine containing species is harder to establish by ICP–OES, so in order to measure potential release when milling in PTFE, we turned to XPS (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). When milling in a PTFE jar with ZrO2, fluorine was found in the high concentration of 6.9%. This very high

• %amorphous and %amorphous = [(global area – reduced area)/global area] × 100 [60]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Samples were analyzed on a Fischer Scientific Kα spectrometer using a spot size of 200 μm, running 5 survey scans at 200 mV for 50 ms residence times, and 10 scans for specific elements

Diaminoterephthalate–α-lipoic acid conjugates with fluorinated residues

• Leon Buschbeck,
• Aleksandra Markovic,
• Gunther Wittstock and
• Jens Christoffers

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 981–991, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.96

• by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This residue was introduced by reductive amination of the DAT scaffold with the respective benzaldehyde derivative. In one compound (60% yield over three steps) the ALA unit is directly bound to the DAT as a relatively electron-withdrawing amide. In solution

• (absorption at 514 nm, emission at 566 nm). The quantum yield is, however, lower (4%). Self-assembled monolayers on a gold surface of both compounds were prepared and characterized by high-resolution XPS of the C 1s, O 1s, S 2p, N 1s and F 1s emissions. The high signal-to-noise ratios of the F 1s peaks

• indicated that trifluoromethylation is an excellent tool for the detection of surface-bound materials by XPS. Keywords: chromophore; diaminoterephthalate; fluorine surface marker; fluorescence dye; lipoic acid; self-assembled monolayers; Introduction Diaminoterephthalates (DATs) are powerful fluorescence

Functionalization of graphene: does the organic chemistry matter?

• Artur Kasprzak,
• Agnieszka Zuchowska and
• Magdalena Poplawska

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2018–2026, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.177

• functionalized GO was implied by the deconvolution of the C1s (287.8 eV for NH–C=O vs 289.1 eV for O–CO) and N1s (399.4 eV for N–C=O vs 400.3 eV for O–CO) peaks in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), only. However, the C=O stretching vibrations in the amide groups can indeed be easily observed in the

• infrared spectrum of the functionalized graphene-family materials; thus, XPS should be regarded as a supporting analysis, as many researchers have demonstrated (see, e.g., [21][28][29]). Interestingly, for a reaction that includes water molecules and a hydroxy group-bearing compound (β-cyclodextrin) [25

• stability [41][42]. Additionally, some researchers have used the acid catalysis [39] or grinding-induced process [40] for the esterification reaction, and the changes in the spectra (e.g., IR, XPS) were not prominent enough to imply the formation of covalent ester-type linkages. In the grinding-induced case

Heterogeneous Pd catalysts as emulsifiers in Pickering emulsions for integrated multistep synthesis in flow chemistry

• Katharina Hiebler,
• Georg J. Lichtenegger,
• Manuel C. Maier,
• Eun Sung Park,
• Renie Gonzales-Groom,
• Bernard P. Binks and
• Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 648–658, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.52

• cubic, tetragonal or a more amorphous cubic/tetragonal mixed phase structure depending on the content of Sn. As far as palladium substitution in the lattice is concerned, XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis approved the predominant cationic nature of incorporated palladium (Pd2+) and

New bio-nanocomposites based on iron oxides and polysaccharides applied to oxidation and alkylation reactions

• Daily Rodríguez-Padrón,
• Alina M. Balu,
• Antonio A. Romero and
• Rafael Luque

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1982–1993, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.194

• + species (see the following XPS analysis) and the reddish color are consistent with a maghemite magnetic phase (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1B) [51][52]. On the other hand, the crystal structure of the material TiO2-Fe2O3-PS4 turned out to be a mixture of ilmenite and pseudobrookite phases

• (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1C). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were consistent with XRD data, where the main peaks were found to correspond to Fe2O3 species. In the three nanocomposites, the presence of Fe3+ species could be also inferred from

• nanocatalyst, the XPS experiments results revealed a band at 462 eV (Ti 2p3/2), which confirmed the presence of TiO2 on the surface of the nanocomposite (Figure 2C). Additionally, the deconvoluted C 1s XPS spectra of the obtained materials exhibited two different contributions associated to the presence of C–C

Ni nanoparticles on RGO as reusable heterogeneous catalyst: effect of Ni particle size and intermediate composite structures in C–S cross-coupling reaction

• Debasish Sengupta,
• Koushik Bhowmik,
• Goutam De and
• Basudeb Basu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1796–1806, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.174

• materials were well characterized by powder XRD, TEM, TGA and XPS studies. The preparation and characterization of the nanocomposites were described in detail in our previous publications [48][49]. Usually, bare Ni NPs are unstable and likely to undergo aerial oxidation [43]. However, in the Ni/RGO

• times for the same reaction examined consecutively without any significant drop in catalytic activity. Figure 1 shows the results of consecutive recycle runs. Characterization of the recovered catalyst To establish the reaction mechanism, we characterized the recovered catalyst by Raman, XRD, XPS and

• (OH)2. It was further confirmed by performing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the recovered catalyst (Figure 4). The XPS of fresh catalyst shows only Ni(0) related peaks [48]. The HRXPS of Ni in the recovered Ni/RGO-40 (Figure 4a) clearly shows the peak at 852.9 eV corresponds to the 2p3/2

Encaging palladium(0) in layered double hydroxide: A sustainable catalyst for solvent-free and ligand-free Heck reaction in a ball mill

• Wei Shi,
• Jingbo Yu,
• Zhijiang Jiang,
• Qiaoling Shao and
• Weike Su

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1661–1668, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.160

• , ICP–MS and XPS suggest that Pd/MgAl-LDHs have excellent textural properties with zero-valence Pd on its layers. The reaction results indicate that the catalyst could be utilized in HSBM systems to afford a wide range of Heck coupling products in satisfactory yields. Furthermore, this catalyst could be

Strategies toward protecting group-free glycosylation through selective activation of the anomeric center

• A. Michael Downey and
• Michal Hocek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1239–1279, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.123

• incubation with the sugar in aqueous buffer at pH 10. In all cases the Michael addition took place regioselectively at the anomeric position of the carbohydrate moiety. Each of the two surface-modification steps as well as the incubation steps was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to

Fluorescent carbon dots from mono- and polysaccharides: synthesis, properties and applications

• Stephen Hill and
• M. Carmen Galan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 675–693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.67

• 12 h (Scheme 7). The resultant fluorescent nanoparticles had an average diameter of 4 nm and were negatively charged with ZP values of −40.7 mV. XPS and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of B in the CD structure. Although, the addition of boron did not change the typical blue fluorescence profile

• burst of nucleation takes place and the carbon nuclei grow to partially nanocrystalline CDs with certain hydrophilic functional groups in the surface. Raman, FTIR and XPS data confirmed the presence of aromatic amines, hydroxy and carboxy groups on the CD surface. Subsequently, Liu et al. reported the

• conditions (90 °C) for 2 h (Scheme 24) [61]. It was demonstrated that the presence of phosphoric acid was crucial for the formation of fluorescent CDs, as the control reaction, in the absence of acid, did not produce emissive CDs. AFM and TEM indicated quasi-spherical CDs of 2–4 nm, while FTIR and XPS

Sulfamide chemistry applied to the functionalization of self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces

• Loïc Pantaine,
• Vincent Humblot,
• Vincent Coeffard and
• Anne Vallée

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 648–658, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.64

• contact angle (WCA) measurements, Fourier-transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Keywords: gold surfaces; hydrolysis; IRRAS; reversibility; SAM; sulfamide; XPS; Introduction Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have raised considerable

• gold based on the sulfamide chemistry and to partially regenerate the amino SAM. The surface modification process is studied by water contact angle measurements (WCA), Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results and

• Discussion In order to monitor the successful formation of the sulfamide functional group on a gold surface, a reference molecule sulfamide 1 was first synthesized to prepare a model sulfamide SAM (SAM 1). The XPS and infrared signatures of the sulfamide moiety obtained from sulfamide 1 SAM were

Ru complexes of Hoveyda–Grubbs type immobilized on lamellar zeolites: activity in olefin metathesis reactions

• Hynek Balcar,
• Naděžda Žilková,
• Martin Kubů,
• Michal Mazur,
• Zdeněk Bastl and
• Jiří Čejka

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.225

• citronellene and N,N-diallyltrifluoroacetamide decreased in the order of support MCM-22 ≈ MCM-56 > SBA-15 > MCM-36; the hybrid catalyst based on SBA-15 was found the most active in self-metathesis of methyl oleate. All catalysts were reusable and exhibited low Ru leaching (<1% of Ru content). XPS analysis

• −) and their immobilization on silica, and mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and SBA-15 [21]. XPS analysis revealed that complexes were attached to the surface by non-covalent interactions and both cationic and anionic parts were present on the surface. The hybrid catalysts prepared were active in RCM

• parent SBA-15 (from 739 m2/g and 1.15 cm3/g to 492 m2/g and 0.92 cm3/g, respectively) but the change in pore diameter was negligible (from 6.7 to 6.6 nm). The stoichiometry of the studied catalyst samples resulting from the XPS analysis is summarized in Table 2. A good agreement between the chemical

Synthesis and surface grafting of a β-cyclodextrin dimer facilitating cooperative inclusion of 2,6-ANS

• Lars W. Städe,
• Thorbjørn T. Nielsen,
• Laurent Duroux,
• Reinhard Wimmer,
• Kyoko Shimizu and
• Kim L. Larsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 514–523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.58

• interactions with the silane linker. The change in chemical composition after silanization with GPTMS and grafting of the β-CD dimer by CuAAC was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Table 1 displays the chemical surface composition of an unmodified, an epoxy-activated, and a β-CD-dimer-grafted

• a TCI (H/C/N) probe. XPS analysis was achieved using a Kratos Axis Ultra-DLD spectrometer (Kratos Analytical, Ltd.) and spectral processing was performed using CasaXPS v. 2.3.15 (Casa Software, Ltd.). TIRF spectroscopy was performed on a Varian Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer (Varian

Organic chemistry on surfaces: Direct cyclopropanation by dihalocarbene addition to vinyl terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)

• Malgorzata Adamkiewicz,
• David O’Hagan and
• Georg Hähner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2897–2902, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.307

• dibromo- (:CBr2), dichloro- (:CCl2) and difluoro- (:CF2) carbenes [21][22][23]. The resultant SAMs were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle goniometry, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy. Results and Discussion After exposure to carbenes the vinyl-terminated SAMs were

• characterised by XPS, contact angle measurements and ellipsometry (see Supporting Information File 1). With XPS elements such as silicon, carbon and oxygen were expected in all cases [16]. In each case control reactions were also carried out on the C18-methyl (Me)-terminated SAMs, to ensure that only the vinyl

• group was responsible for surface reactivity. The resultant XPS analyses are shown for the vinyl-terminated SAMs for each carbene in Figure 2, and directly underneath, the lower traces illustrate the corresponding analyses after exposure of the carbene solutions to the C18-Me-terminated SAMs. Figure 2a

Molecular ordering at electrified interfaces: Template and potential effects

• Thanh Hai Phan and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2243–2254, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.233

• . Starting at positive potentials, i.e., above P1/P1', the reduction/re-oxidation of both, the limited number of pre-adsorbed viologen dications (see XPS evidence below) and the continuously arriving viologen cations from solution, can be described by DBV2+ + e− DBV+• While DBV+• species leaving the surface

• dicationic character of the DBV2+ building blocks of this cavitand structure was verified by ex situ XPS measurements using synchrotron radiation, namely by a dominant N(1s) signal at 402.1 eV [27]. Sweeping the electrode potential to a value below −200 mV vs RHE causes the disintegration of the cavitand

Lateral ordering of PTCDA on the clean and the oxygen pre-covered Cu(100) surface investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction

• Stefan Gärtner,
• Benjamin Fiedler,
• Oliver Bauer,
• Antonela Marele and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2055–2064, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.213

• in view of the surface reactivity of Cu(100). However, the two experiments came to slightly different conclusions concerning the dissociation: Schmidt et al. interpret their X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal programed desorption (TPD) data by a loss of the two anhydride O atoms of

• ordered structure. Data reported in the literature does not give a firm proof of a dissociative adsorption of PTCDA on Cu(100). The XPS measurements by Schmidt et al. were carried out with PTCDA on a polycrystalline copper foil [8]. Therefore the result that the ratio C:O is about 6:1 instead of 4:1 for a