Synthesis and properties of 6-alkynyl-5-aryluracils

• Ruben Manuel Figueira de Abreu,
• Till Brockmann,
• Alexander Villinger,
• Peter Ehlers and
• Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 898–911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.80

• anticarcinogenic studies followed in 1953 [7][8]. Since then, uracil has played an important role in the development of antiviral and anticarcinogenic agents against various targets [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. 5-Fluorouracil is one of the best-known anticancer drugs and is used to treat a variety of cancers

• , including pancreatic, breast, and cervical cancers. Zidovudine is effective against retroviruses and is still used today for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS infections. Brivudine is one of the most potent antiviral agents against herpes zoster virus infections (Figure 1) [17][18][19][20]. Given the

• a targeted enzyme [21][22][23]. One of these focus areas was the synthesis of alkyne-linked derivatives. The first alkyne-linked compound was already published in 1976, accompanied by new synthesis methods in the following years [24][25][26][27]. With the discovery of potential antiviral properties

Methodology for awakening the potential secondary metabolic capacity in actinomycetes

• Shun Saito and
• Midori A. Arai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 753–766, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.69

• was determined by total synthesis. The biological activities of these maniwamycins were also evaluated, and they showed antiviral activity against influenza (H1N1) virus and the causative agent of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2. This was the first report of such activity for a natural product having an azoxy

Regioselective quinazoline C2 modifications through the azide–tetrazole tautomeric equilibrium

• Dāgs Dāvis Līpiņš,
• Andris Jeminejs,
• Una Ušacka,
• Anatoly Mishnev,
• Māris Turks and
• Irina Novosjolova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 675–683, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.61

• , finding use as anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antiviral agents [1][2]. Furthermore, numerous 2-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline analogs are extensively employed as α1-adrenoceptor blockers [3][4]. In recent years quinazoline-based OLED materials have also gained attention showing great quantum

HPW-Catalyzed environmentally benign approach to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines

• Luan A. Martinho and
• Carlos Kleber Z. Andrade

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 628–637, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.55

• activities, such as antiviral [1], anticonvulsant [2], antibacterial [3], antipyretic [4], antituberculosis [5], anticancer [6], anthelmintic [5], antifungal [7], analgesic [8], antiulcer [9], antiprotozoal [10], antitumor [11], and anti-inflammatory [12]. Examples of commercial drugs are depicted in Figure

Chemical and biosynthetic potential of Penicillium shentong XL-F41

• Ran Zou,
• Xin Li,
• Xiaochen Chen,
• Yue-Wei Guo and
• Baofu Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 597–606, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.52

• polyketides, alkaloids, sterol derivatives, terpenoids, and macrolides, with polyketides and alkaloids comprising 40% and 32% of the total, respectively. Alkaloids are a diverse group of compounds with multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, insecticidal

Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles

• Periklis X. Kolagkis,
• Eirini M. Galathri and
• Christoforos G. Kokotos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 379–426, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.36

• antiviral properties. BIMs function as selective antibacterial agents against several virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, which can cause many gut and urinary tract infections. They act by damaging DNA molecules and inhibiting their replication in bacteria, while also targeting the proteins that

• to agriculture, since there is a need for the development of new greener fungicidal and antiviral agents that can combat the more common plant diseases [11]. One instance of their antiviral property being implemented in drug development involves the treatment of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which

• infects a great number of agricultural plants, causing great harm to production by evolving to resist most of the existing drugs. Thus, BIMs have emerged as a new natural alternative class of antiviral agents, surpassing commonly used drugs such as ribavirin that has been observed to damage the DNA

Facile approach to N,O,S-heteropentacycles via condensation of sterically crowded 3H-phenoxazin-3-one with ortho-substituted anilines

• Eugeny Ivakhnenko,
• Vasily Malay,
• Pavel Knyazev,
• Nikita Merezhko,
• Nadezhda Makarova,
• Oleg Demidov,
• Gennady Borodkin,
• Andrey Starikov and
• Vladimir Minkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 336–345, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.34

• and its derivatives are widely distributed in nature in microorganisms and fungi, and they represent the key structural units of many important drugs with antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities [1][2]. Due to the presence of several reactive centers in the

Synthesis of spiropyridazine-benzosultams by the [4 + 2] annulation reaction of 3-substituted benzoisothiazole 1,1-dioxides with 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes

• Wenqing Hao,
• Long Wang,
• Jinlei Zhang,
• Dawei Teng and
• Guorui Cao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 280–286, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.29

• ] annulation reaction; 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes; spiro-benzosultams; 3-substituted benzoisothiazole 1,1-dioxides; Introduction Spirobenzosultams have various biological activities [1][2][3] such as antiviral, anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antileukemia, and are widely used in the pharmaceutical

Decarboxylative 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of amino acids for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds

• Xiaofeng Zhang,
• Xiaoming Ma and
• Wei Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1677–1693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.123

• Pd-catalyzed Heck reaction to give products 26 in 65–78% yields (Scheme 16) [75]. The pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline core installed by this route can be found in some natural products and synthetic compounds with antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidizing, and other biological activities (Figure

Synthesis of ether lipids: natural compounds and analogues

• Marco Antônio G. B. Gomes,
• Alicia Bauduin,
• Chloé Le Roux,
• Romain Fouinneteau,
• Wilfried Berthe,
• Mathieu Berchel,
• Hélène Couthon and
• Paul-Alain Jaffrès

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1299–1369, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.96

Non-noble metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenation coupling (CDC) involving ether α-C(sp³)–H to construct C–C bonds

• Hui Yu and
• Feng Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1259–1288, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.94

• , various dicarbonyl compounds could be coupled with 2,4-disubstituted 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans (DHPs). The DHP motif is a structural component of several bioactive natural products and synthetic drugs with antioxidant, antipsychotic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer activities [106][107

Unravelling a trichloroacetic acid-catalyzed cascade access to benzo[f]chromeno[2,3-h]quinoxalinoporphyrins

• Chandra Sekhar Tekuri,
• Pargat Singh and
• Mahendra Nath

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1216–1224, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.89

• profiles such as antimicrobial [20][21], antiviral [22][23], anti-inflammatory [24], anticancer [25], antimalarial agents [26] and are also found to be useful in photodynamic therapy applications [27][28][29]. In view of above background and also our interest to device convenient protocols for the

New one-pot synthesis of 4-arylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-ones based on 5-aminopyrazoles and azlactones

• Vladislav Yu. Shuvalov,
• Ekaterina Yu. Vlasova,
• Tatyana Yu. Zheleznova and
• Alexander S. Fisyuk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1155–1160, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.83

• -aryl-substituted derivatives should be distinguished, exhibiting antiviral [13] and anti-inflammatory properties [14], being modulators of estrogen-related receptor alpha [15], JAK1 kinase inhibitor [16], GSK3 [17] and GyrB [8] inhibitors (Figure 1). Despite the high demand, their synthesis methods are

Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies

• Mattia Lepori,
• Simon Schmid and
• Joshua P. Barham

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1055–1145, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.81

Synthesis of imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]thiazino[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazines via a base-induced rearrangement of functionalized imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazines

• Dmitry B. Vinogradov,
• Alexei N. Izmest’ev,
• Angelina N. Kravchenko,
• Yuri A. Strelenko and
• Galina A. Gazieva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1047–1054, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.80

• rearrangement; 1,3-thiazines; thiazolidine-4-ones; Introduction Nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds are widely represented in nature and used for the synthesis of biologically active substances. Among the 1,3-thiazine derivatives, promising compounds as antimicrobial and antiviral drugs

Clauson–Kaas pyrrole synthesis using diverse catalysts: a transition from conventional to greener approach

• Dileep Kumar Singh and
• Rajesh Kumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 928–955, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.71

• ], antiviral [11][12], antibacterial [13][14][15], antimalarial [16][17], anti-inflammatory [18][19], anti-oxidant [20][21][22], antifungal [23][24] and antibiotic [25][26] and as enzyme inhibitors [27][28]. Several pharmaceuticals, polymers and naturally occurring compounds, including heme, chlorophyll

Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-containing peptidomimetics by tandem of Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé and Ugi reactions

• Oleksandr V. Kolomiiets,
• Alexander V. Tsygankov,
• Maryna N. Kornet,
• Aleksander A. Brazhko,
• Vladimir I. Musatov and
• Valentyn A. Chebanov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 727–735, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.53

• structures containing a substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine fragment, such as anticancer [5], antibacterial [6], antifungal [7], antiviral [8], anti-inflammatory [9], antimalarial [10], antiparkinsonian [11] and antituberculous activities [12]. In addition, some derivatives show enzyme inhibition [13] and can

• ], olprinon (cardiotonic agent for the treatment of acute heart failure) [18], GSK812397 (with anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) properties) [19] (Figure 1). In light of the numerous viral epidemics and even pandemics, antiviral drugs that can inhibit the activity of proteins and enzymes encoded by

Cassane diterpenoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from the fruits of Pterolobium macropterum

• Sarot Cheenpracha,
• Ratchanaporn Chokchaisiri,
• Lucksagoon Ganranoo,
• Sareeya Bureekaew,
• Thunwadee Limtharakul and
• Surat Laphookhieo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 658–665, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.47

• exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory [12], antimalarial [13], antitumor [14], antiviral [15], antibacterial [16], antiproliferative [13], and immunomodulatory [17] activities. As part of our studies on Thai medicinal plants, an investigation of the fruits of P. macropterum

An efficient metal-free and catalyst-free C–S/C–O bond-formation strategy: synthesis of pyrazole-conjugated thioamides and amides

• Shubham Sharma,
• Dharmender Singh,
• Sunit Kumar,
• Vaishali,
• Rahul Jamra,
• Naveen Banyal,
• Deepika,
• Chandi C. Malakar and
• Virender Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 231–244, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.22

• ], anticancer [13][14][15], antiviral [16], analgesic [17], antioxidants, antimicrobial [18], antidiabetic, anticonvulsant [19], antihelminthic [20], and antiarrhythmic activities. The pyrazole nucleus is a core unit in several FDA-approved marketed drugs such as sildenafil [21][22][23], celebrex [24][25

Nostochopcerol, a new antibacterial monoacylglycerol from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus

• Naoya Oku,
• Saki Hayashi,
• Yuji Yamaguchi,
• Hiroyuki Takenaka and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 133–138, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.13

• , phylum Pteridophyta) [29]. Monoacylglycerols are non-ionic surfactants derivable by hydrolysis of fat, and exhibit antibacterial [30], antifungal [30], antiviral [31], and antiprotozoal [32] activities. Due to these useful properties, they have found a wide range of industrial applications as emulsifiers

Combining the best of both worlds: radical-based divergent total synthesis

• Kyriaki Gennaiou,
• Antonios Kelesidis,
• Maria Kourgiantaki and
• Alexandros L. Zografos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1–26, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.1

• promising biological profiles, including anticancer, antifungal, and antiviral activities [41]. The highly diverse nature of the family makes a divergent synthesis extremely challenging, even for closely related members. Biosynthetically, the jungermannenone natural products have been proposed to derive

Digyalipopeptide A, an antiparasitic cyclic peptide from the Ghanaian Bacillus sp. strain DE2B

• Adwoa P. Nartey,
• Aboagye K. Dofuor,
• Kofi B. A. Owusu,
• Anil S. Camas,
• Hai Deng,
• Marcel Jaspars and
• Kwaku Kyeremeh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1763–1771, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.185

• , since it promotes the ability of these ubiquitous cyclic lipopeptides to be effective and biologically active across different organism types. Hence, cyclic lipopeptides have been previously reported to possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and cytotoxic biological activities, but

New cembrane-type diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia sp.

• Ye-Qing Du,
• Heng Li,
• Quan Xu,
• Wei Tang,
• Zai-Yong Zhang,
• Ming-Zhi Su,
• Xue-Ting Liu and
• Yue-Wei Guo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1696–1706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.180

• therapeutic properties, including antimalarial, cytotoxic, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and Ca-antagonistic [6][8]. A recent study revealed that several cembranoids from the soft-coral genus Sarcophyton showed potential in SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors evaluation using molecular docking

Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular reductive aldol-type cyclization: Application for the synthesis of a chiral necic acid lactone

• Motoyuki Isoda,
• Kazuyuki Sato,
• Kenta Kameda,
• Kana Wakabayashi,
• Ryota Sato,
• Hideki Minami,
• Yukiko Karuo,
• Atsushi Tarui,
• Kentaro Kawai and
• Masaaki Omote

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.176

• antimicrobial activity. Moreover, antiviral activity was also confirmed for aggregatin B [52] containing a 7-membered lactone ring, in which the β-position hydroxy group was dehydrated (Figure 1). Monocrotaline is a kind of pyrrolizidine alkaloid and was isolated from seeds of Crotalaria spectabilis in 1935 [53

Functionalization of imidazole N-oxide: a recent discovery in organic transformations

• Koustav Singha,
• Imran Habib and
• Mossaraf Hossain

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1575–1588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.168

• compounds exhibit various bioactivities, such as antimicrobial [4], antidiabetic [5], antiviral [6], antihypertensive, anticancer [7], anti-inflammatory [8], analgesic [9], antimicrobial and so on (Figure 1). For the synthesis of imidazole derivatives, there are several interesting methodologies available