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Search for "cells" in Full Text gives 787 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Cofactor-independent C–C bond cleavage reactions catalyzed by the AlpJ family of oxygenases in atypical angucycline biosynthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1198–1206, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.102
- . Both plasmids were confirmed by sequencing and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). Protein overproduction was induced with 0.1 mM isopropyl β-ᴅ-thiogalactopyranoside at 16 °C for 15 h. Cells were collected by centrifugation (8,000g, 15 min) at 4 °C. The pellets were resuspended in ice-cold 50 mM 3-(N
- -morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer (pH 7.5), and the cells were disrupted by ultrasonication to obtain the cell extract. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation (14,000g, 15 min). The proteins were purified by Ni-NTA agarose chromatography, desalted, and concentrated by centrifugation (8,000g
Two-fold addition reaction of silylene to C60: structural and electronic properties of a bis-adduct
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1179–1188, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.100
- with excellent properties as organic photovoltaic materials [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Furthermore, regioisomerically pure bis-functionalized fullerenes function better as electron acceptors in organic thin-film solar cells than mixtures of the corresponding regioisomers do [12][13][14]. Therefore
Bismuth(III) triflate: an economical and environmentally friendly catalyst for the Nazarov reaction
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1167–1178, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.99
- 3-aryl-1-indanones) in good to excellent yield. The reaction did not require additives and was insensitive to both air and moisture. Preliminary biological evaluation of some indanones showed a promising profile against some human cancer line cells. Keywords: bismuth; catalysis; heterocycles
- ] and the broad spectrum of biological activities. Among the five-membered ring compounds, we find indanone (1, Figure 1). Within the class of indanones, we can highlight some interesting compounds. For example, nakiterpiosinone (2), which inhibits the growth of P388 mouse leukemia cells with an average
- tumor lines, HCT116 (colon adenocarcinoma), MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma), SK-MEL-28 (melanoma), and NB4 (acute leukemia) by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, as previously described [85]. Among the tested cells, NB4 cells were the most sensitive ones, with 7 compounds (10aa,bk and 11aa,ad,ae,dc,bj
Synthesis of 1,4-azaphosphinine nucleosides and evaluation as inhibitors of human cytidine deaminase and APOBEC3A
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1088–1098, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.96
- bacteria and fungi but not in mammalian cells, acts only on cytosine. Cytidine deaminase (CDA) as a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway in mammals deaminates both cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine. Members of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family, such as
- (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) [8]. In normal human cells, the enzyme family A3 [9][10][11][12] disables pathogens by scrambling ssDNA by cytosine to uracil mutation (Figure 1A) [9][10][13][14]. However, several enzymes, particularly A3A, A3B, A3H and A3G, deaminate cytosine in human
- nuclear and mitochondrial genomes [15]. This A3-induced mutational activity is used by viruses and cancer cells to increase the rates of mutagenesis, which allows them to escape adaptive immune responses and become drug resistant [16][17][18][19][20], leading to poor clinical outcomes. A range of genetic
Structure–property relationships in dicyanopyrazinoquinoxalines and their hydrogen-bonding-capable dihydropyrazinoquinoxalinedione derivatives
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1037–1052, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.92
- 40 μM solutions of the DCPQs and DPQDs on a Cary 100 Bio spectrophotometer using 1 cm quartz cells. All solvents were HPLC grade (purchased from Fisher) and stored over 4 Å molecular sieves. The absorption intensity at λmax was then plotted against the concentration in all cases to confirm, by
Enhancing structural diversity of terpenoids by multisubstrate terpene synthases
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 959–972, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.86
- ; nevertheless, some promiscuous TSs accept multiple prenyl substrates and produce various products. In nature, the biosynthesis of prenyl substrates may have subcellular locations, and the available types of prenyl substrates are limited, especially for noncanonical substrates in living cells. Therefore, the
Monitoring carbohydrate 3D structure quality with the Privateer database
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 931–939, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.83
- modelling of glycoproteins and protein–carbohydrate complexes is pivotal in understanding the complex biochemical interactions that affect the physiological function of cells [1]. Any mechanistic analysis done with finely grained approaches such as QM/MM [2] relies heavily on the correctness of the starting
Synthesis and properties of 6-alkynyl-5-aryluracils
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 898–911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.80
- that the distance between the molecules within the unit cell is higher than the distance between the unit cells. In addition, the molecules are arranged parallel-displaced to each other, which is considered to be more stable than the sandwich arrangement [64][65][66][67][68]. Consequently, the distance
Activity assays of NnlA homologs suggest the natural product N-nitroglycine is degraded by diverse bacteria
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 830–840, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.75
- experiments comparing the toxicity of NNG towards wild-type cells expressing NnlA and NnlA knockout mutant strains would test this hypothesis. Conclusion In this study the NNG degradation activity of five Vs NnlA homologs was screened in E. coli transformants, providing evidence that all five degrade NNG. Of
- pET-28a(+)-TEV by GenScript. For protein expression, plasmids were electroporated into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells and protein was expressed and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) as previously described for Vs NnlA [21]. The only modification was that plasmids using pET-28a
- cells were then plated on LB agar plates containing ampicillin (100 µg/mL) or kanamycin (50 µg/mL) as appropriate and incubated overnight at 37 °C. Three colonies from each plate were picked with a toothpick and then resuspended in 0.2 mL of sterile water. Thirty microliter aliquots of suspended cells
Synthesis of new representatives of A3B-type carboranylporphyrins based on meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin transformations
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.70
- molecules which have been also used for selective delivery of the drug to cancer cells [45]. Here, biotin was conjugated to porphyrin 12 which was obtained by alkylation of the amino group in compound 5 with chloroacetyl chloride (10) to give porphyrin biotin conjugate 14 in 76% yield (Scheme 4). We also
Methodology for awakening the potential secondary metabolic capacity in actinomycetes
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 753–766, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.69
- . At a concentration of 182 μM, murecholamide exhibits biological activity in inhibiting the migration of HT29 cancer cells. The second HSM is noaoxazole (39), which was discovered in Streptomyces sp. HR41 [79]. This substance has a chemical structure with a methylated oxazole ring at the end of a
- Streptomyces and mycolic acid-containing bacteria (MACB) activates secondary metabolism [111]. In their method, direct attachment by live MACB cells is thought to alter secondary metabolism in the Streptomyces cells [112]. Using this method, Onaka et al. identified a variety of new compounds, such as
- , a unique case of activation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes by co-culture of actinomycetes and animal cells has been reported, which we outline in detail below. If microorganisms and animal cells are used, one might first imagine the interaction between humans and intestinal bacteria
Research progress on the pharmacological activity, biosynthetic pathways, and biosynthesis of crocins
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 741–752, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.68
- -synuclein (αS), thereby alleviating the apoptosis of neuronal cells and cognitive impairment [30][31][32][33]. Lastly, the extract of C. sativus can also improve the chronic stress-induced loss of learning and memory by reducing the ROS level or regulating the synthesis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
- alleviate gestational hypertension. Therefore, crocins have the potential to prevent pregnancy-induced hypertension [45]. Anticancer Crocins exhibit potent anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines. Jiang et al. found that crocins reduce the survival and activity of cervical cancer cells [46
- ]. Mollaei et al. observed an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in crocin-treated cancer cells. Therefore, crocins are proposed to exert anticancer activity by promoting apoptosis of cancer cells [47]. This mechanism is consistent with the results of Hoshyar et al., who observed the apoptosis-promoting activity of
Substrate specificity of a ketosynthase domain involved in bacillaene biosynthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 734–740, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.67
- organism shares the same habitat with the predator Myxococcus xanthus that feeds on other bacteria including B. subtilis, and bacillaene is the primary factor conferring B. subtilis cells resistance to predation by M. xanthus [8]. The identification of its biosynthetic gene cluster (bae) revealed that the
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrocyclic peptides and polyketides via thioesterase-catalyzed macrocyclization
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 721–733, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.66
- brevis [27], can penetrate the lipid phase of a Gram-positive inner cell membrane [28][29]. Despite exhibiting high antimicrobial activity, this compound also disrupts the membranes of higher mammalian cells, as evidenced by their pronounced hemolytic activity [30]. Establishing a concise and diverse
New variochelins from soil-isolated Variovorax sp. H002
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.63
- 2xR2A three times, and the pellets were resuspended with 500 mL of 2xR2A. The OD600 values of the donor (E. coli S17-1 λpir) and recipient (Variovorax sp. H002) cells were set to 2.0 and mixed in a 1:1 ratio. The mixtures were spotted onto 2xR2A plates and incubated at 30 °C for two days. The colonies
Organic electron transport materials
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 672–674, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.60
- transport materials for organic semiconductor devices due to their potential to be applied in various technologies. For example, such materials can be used to improve charge balance in the emissive layer of an organic light-emitting diode, charge extraction in perovskite solar cells or used as the
- , meaning organic materials can be used effectively in a range of applications. For example, while a non-fullerene acceptor material might not be suitable as an electron transport layer in OPVs due to dissolution of layers, it can used in perovskite solar cells where it can be successfully deposited through
- soluble in ethyl acetate, a green solvent, and solution-processed for PM6:Y6 bulk-heterojunction solar cells with power conversion efficiency > 13% [6]. In addition to orthogonal processing, it has been shown that treatment with base [7] or photo-crosslinking [8] can insolubilise solution-processed layers
Isolation and structure determination of a new analog of polycavernosides from marine Okeania sp. cyanobacterium
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 645–652, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.57
- , containing 50 μL of culture medium. Subsequently, 50 μL of a parasite suspension with a concentration of 4.0 × 104 cells/mL was introduced into each well. Cultures were incubated for 69 h at 37 °C under a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. After this time, 10 μL of resazurin (12.5 mg resazurin (Sigma) dissolved
- in 100 mL phosphate-buffered saline) was added to each well. The plates were incubated for an additional 3 h. The plates were read in a SpectraMax Gemini XS microplate fluorescence scanner (Molecular Devices) using an excitation wavelength of 536 nm and an emission wavelength of 588 nm. WI-38 cells
- assay In a manner analogous to [7], WI-38 cells were cultured at 37 °C with 5% CO2 in DMEM (Nissui) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, 0.25 μg/mL amphotericin, 300 μg/mL ʟ-glutamine, and 2.25 mg/mL NaHCO3. Cells were seeded at 4 × 103 cells/well
Introduction of a human- and keyboard-friendly N-glycan nomenclature
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 607–620, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.53
- strictly always in α1,6. If you only work with mammalian samples you may content yourself with this simplification. However, as insect cells and plants are of relevance as biotechnological expression systems for pharmaceutical glycoproteins, we must consider that here fucose may also be found in the α1,3
- “HNK-1” (from human natural killer cells) with sulfated glucuronic acid [47]. Annotating a structure like this requires some form of linear code and the addition of abbreviations for non-sugar substituents, in this case sulfate. Note that the hyphen binds the “su” to “Ga”, which in turn is hyphenated
A myo-inositol dehydrogenase involved in aminocyclitol biosynthesis of hygromycin A
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.51
- then induced with 50 µL of 20 mg mL−1 thiostrepton and grown for another 24 h at 30 °C while shaking at 200 rpm. Cells were then harvested by centrifugation, resuspended in binding buffer (500 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris pH8.0) and disrupted by sonication using a Branson Sonifier 450 (5 rounds of 3 s/3 s on
Synthesis of photo- and ionochromic N-acylated 2-(aminomethylene)benzo[b]thiophene-3(2Н)-ones with a terminal phenanthroline group
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 552–560, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.47
- cells (l = 1 cm, V = 2 mL). Fluorescence quantum yields were determined relatively to (Z)-N-((3-oxobenzo[b]thiophen-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl)-N-phenylacetamide as a standard (φfl = 0.16 ± 0.005) [14][33]. Stock solutions of compounds 2a–c (c 1.0 × 10–4 mol⋅L−1) and metal perchlorates (c 2.0 × 10–4 mol⋅L−1
Synthesis and biological profile of 2,3-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines, a novel class of acyl-ACP thioesterase inhibitors
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 540–551, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.46
- A protein was expressed in E. coli BL21Star(DE3) cells. 5 mL of an overnight culture of E. coli cells grown in LB medium with 100 µg/mL carbenicillin were used to inoculate 0.5 L of autoinduction medium containing 100 µg/mL carbenicillin [28]. The bacteria were grown at 37 °C and 120 rpm for about
Switchable molecular tweezers: design and applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 504–539, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.45
Development of a chemical scaffold for inhibiting nonribosomal peptide synthetases in live bacterial cells
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 445–451, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.39
- probes (AA-AMS-BPyne) can selectively label the A-domains corresponding to the amino acid of the ligand in both recombinant enzymes and proteomes. We recently reported that these probes can be used to label the A-domains of endogenous NRPSs in live bacterial cells [17][18][19]. The intracellular labeling
- purified recombinant GrsA, inhibitor 5 moderately inhibited labeling at 100 µM. Finally, we investigated whether the inhibitors could penetrate cells and inhibit intracellular GrsA labeling in A. miglanus ATCC 9999. In this study, A. migulanus ATCC 9999 cells were grown at 37 °C in YPG medium for 24 h
- µM), suggesting that these inhibitors can penetrate cells (Figure 4c). Notably, inhibitors 1 and 7 efficiently inhibited the labeling of GrsA at 10 µM. The incorporation of the nitrile group at the 2’-OH group of the adenosine skeleton is expected to provide chemical properties that would allow the
Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 379–426, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.36
- cruciferous vegetables, as hydrolysis products from the metabolism of glucosinolates [1]. In 2017, Müller and her research team showcased the ability of BIMs to operate as anti-inflammatory drugs by acting as GPR84 agonists [2]. GPR84 is a protein-coupled receptor found in immune cells, which regulates a
- number of inflammatory processes, which can lead to inflammatory bowel disease or Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, GPR84 agonists are used as medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, but they have been also linked to the reduction of leukemia cells, since the continuous expression of
- reduction in the concentration of these cytokines, as well as, increased intestinal permeability and improved expression of tight junction proteins that control the polarity of cells when using DIM in Caco-2 human cells [3]. BIMs have also been linked with the therapy of various cancers with one of their
Facile approach to N,O,S-heteropentacycles via condensation of sterically crowded 3H-phenoxazin-3-one with ortho-substituted anilines
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 336–345, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.34
- probes, organic light-emitting diodes, and organic solar cells [2][7][8][9]. The principal way for the preparation of these heterocycles involves the coupling of 3H-phenoxazin-3-ones with variously functionalized aromatic amines. This is followed by the cyclization of the initially formed adducts [10][11
- potential for testing as potential donors for organic solar cells or as dye sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells [24][25]. Experimental All reagents and solvents were purchased from commercial sources (Aldrich) and used without additional purification. The compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, and
- 6a,b) and c = 2⋅10−6 M (compound 10c) in toluene solutions with a Varian Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer. UV–vis and fluorescence spectra were recorded using standard 1 cm quartz cells at room temperature. Toluene of spectroscopic grade (Aldrich) was used to prepare the solutions. The
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