Electron-transfer-initiated benzoin- and Stetter-like reactions in packed-bed reactors for process intensification

• Anna Zaghi,
• Daniele Ragno,
• Graziano Di Carmine,
• Carmela De Risi,
• Olga Bortolini,
• Pier Paolo Giovannini,
• Giancarlo Fantin and
• Alessandro Massi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2719–2730, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.268

• ). Keywords: C–C coupling; continuos-flow; diketone; electron-transfer; umpolung; Introduction The polarity reversal (umpolung) of carbonyl compounds by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or cyanide catalysis represents a straightforward strategy for the synthesis of valuable molecules such as, among the many

• -reaction phase and improving NHCs’ stability towards air and moisture [10][11]. Quite surprisingly, however, implementation of continuos-flow techniques with micro- and meso-reactors is rare in this field [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Indeed, microreactor technology is today a powerful tool for the fine

• ] required quite sophisticated procedures, eventually complicated by the separation of homogeneous azolium salt pre-catalysts [25]. In this contribution, we describe a convenient and straightforward continuos-flow protocol for the effective production of benzoin and Stetter-like products that relies on the