Synthesis of the 3’-O-sulfated TF antigen with a TEG-N₃ linker for glycodendrimersomes preparation to study lectin binding

• Mark Reihill,
• Hanyue Ma,
• Dennis Bengtsson and
• Stefan Oscarson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 173–180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.17

• (β-ᴅ-GalNAc-(1→4)-β-ᴅ-GlcNAc), which have then been used for production of the glycodenrimersomes and interaction studies with various galectins [1][2]. In the continuation of this collaboration, to investigate the binding of siglec-1 and the chimera of 3’-SuTF-binding siglecs and TF-binding galectin

• -3, TEG-N3 glycosides of the TF antigen (β-ᴅ-Gal-(1→3)-α-ᴅ-GalNAc, 1) and its 3’-O-sulfated analogue (2, Figure 1) were required on a gram scale to allow efficient synthesis of the glycodendrisomes. The TF antigen is presented on the surface of most human cancer cell types and its interaction with

Stereo- and regioselective hydroboration of 1-exo-methylene pyranoses: discovery of aryltriazolylmethyl C-galactopyranosides as selective galectin-1 inhibitors

• Alexander Dahlqvist,
• Axel Furevi,
• Niklas Warlin,
• Hakon Leffler and
• Ulf J. Nilsson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1046–1060, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.102

• using a highly diastereoselective hydroboration of C1-exo-methylene pyranosides giving inhibitors with fourfold or better selectivity for galectin-1 over galectin-3, -4C (C-terminal CRD), -4N (N-terminal CRD), -7, -8C, -8N, -9C, and -9N and dissociation constants down to 170 µM. Keywords: C-galactoside

• sequence of larger glycans [1][2][3]. Some galectins contain one CRD and occur as monomers or dimers, including galectins -1, -2, -7, -10 and -13 in humans. Others contain 2 different CRDs within the same peptide sequence and include galectins -4, -8, -9 and -12. Galectin-3 contains one CRD and a long N

• -terminal Pro/Gly-rich intrinsically disordered sequence [3][4]. The two most studied galectins, galectin-1 and -3, are present in a wide variety of tissues. Galectin-3 is almost ubiquitously expressed while galectin-1 is mainly expressed by immune cells, muscle cells, kidney cells and neurons [2][3

Glyco-gold nanoparticles: synthesis and applications

• Federica Compostella,
• Olimpia Pitirollo,
• Alessandro Silvestri and
• Laura Polito

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1008–1021, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.100

• signals [80]. The greatest advantage in using SERS is the possibility to provide unique spectral signatures describing glycan–protein interactions. Boons and co-workers prepared label-free microarrays of lactose-coated AuNPs (diameter of 60 nm) to study lactose galectin (i.e., galectine 1 and galectin 3

• showed that GAuNPs were still able to recognize specific lectin (peanut agglutinin, PNA) and human galectin-3 (Gal-3), exploiting multiple lactose residues displayed on gold surface. Moreover, due to the presence of the β-cyclodextrin cavity, these nanostructures worked as site-specific delivery systems

Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of new cholesterol congeners

• Mohamed Ramadan El Sayed Aly,
• Hosam Ali Saad and
• Shams Hashim Abdel-Hafez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1922–1932, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.208

• cytotoxicity of a lactose scaffold with a cholesterol moiety at the C-3 carbon of the B ring of the lactose. This is because chemically modified 3β-lactosides were emerged as potential galectin-3 inhibitors. Galectin-3 is a member of the protein family known as galectins and this subfamily is believed to be

Clicked and long spaced galactosyl- and lactosylcalix[4]arenes: new multivalent galectin-3 ligands

• Silvia Bernardi,
• Paola Fezzardi,
• Gabriele Rispoli,
• Stefania E. Sestito,
• Francesco Peri,
• Francesco Sansone and
• Alessandro Casnati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1672–1680, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.175

• other one in the 1,3-alternate structure. Preliminary studies of the interactions of these novel glycocalixarenes with galectin-3 were carried out by using a lectin-functionalized chip and surface plasmon resonance. These studies indicate a higher affinity of lactosyl- over galactosylcalixarenes

• diseases and cancer [4][5]. The role of one member of this family in particular, namely galectin-3 (Gal-3), has been intensively investigated lately and it was shown that it is deeply involved in cancer metastasis and migration. Based on these findings and with the aim to inhibit its activity and to target

Multivalent scaffolds induce galectin-3 aggregation into nanoparticles

• Candace K. Goodman,
• Mark L. Wolfenden,
• Pratima Nangia-Makker,
• Anna K. Michel,
• Avraham Raz and
• Mary J. Cloninger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1570–1577, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.162

• Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA 10.3762/bjoc.10.162 Abstract Galectin-3 meditates cell surface glycoprotein clustering, cross linking, and lattice formation. In cancer biology, galectin-3 has been reported to play a role in aggregation processes that lead to tumor embolization and survival

• . Here, we show that lactose-functionalized dendrimers interact with galectin-3 in a multivalent fashion to form aggregates. The glycodendrimer–galectin aggregates were characterized by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence microscopy methodologies and were found to be discrete particles that

• increased in size as the dendrimer generation was increased. These results show that nucleated aggregation of galectin-3 can be regulated by the nucleating polymer and provide insights that improve the general understanding of the binding and function of sugar-binding proteins. Keywords: dendrimers