Chemical and biosynthetic potential of Penicillium shentong XL-F41

• Ran Zou,
• Xin Li,
• Xiaochen Chen,
• Yue-Wei Guo and
• Baofu Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 597–606, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.52

• , 7, and 12 were active against Candida albicans. Notably, compound 12 showed particularly promising inhibitory activity against this fungal pathogen. Genome sequencing analysis The genome sequencing yielded 7,118,236 reads with an average read length of 1,858.7 bp. The assembled genome is 34,621,366

A myo-inositol dehydrogenase involved in aminocyclitol biosynthesis of hygromycin A

• Michael O. Akintubosun and
• Melanie A. Higgins

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.51

• was discovered in the 1950s and is produced by the soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus [1]. It has broad spectrum antibiotic activity, antitreponemal activity against the pathogen that causes swine dysentery, and selective activity against the spirochete that causes Lyme disease [1][2][3]. It

Synthetic approach to 2-alkyl-4-quinolones and 2-alkyl-4-quinolone-3-carboxamides based on common β-keto amide precursors

• Yordanka Mollova-Sapundzhieva,
• Plamen Angelov,
• Danail Georgiev and
• Pavel Yanev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1804–1810, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.132

• -quinolones produced by the Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related species feature a saturated long-chain substituent at position 2 and are sometimes referred to as pseudanes [34][35]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa alone produces over 50 different quinolones, among which the most

Synthesis and biological evaluation of Argemone mexicana-inspired antimicrobials

• Jessica Villegas,
• Bryce C. Ball,
• Katelyn M. Shouse,
• Caleb W. VanArragon,
• Ashley N. Wasserman,
• Hannah E. Bhakta,
• Allen G. Oliver,
• Danielle A. Orozco-Nunnelly and
• Jeffrey M. Pruet

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1511–1524, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.108

• example, is a common opportunistic human pathogen, some strains of which are resistant to multiple antibiotics [3]. Such drug-resistant microbes are especially prevalent in hospital settings, where they are one of the most difficult illnesses to treat [4]. In addition to being a terrestrial cause for

Correction: Non-peptide compounds from Kronopolites svenhedini (Verhoeff) and their antitumor and iNOS inhibitory activities

• Yuan-Nan Yuan,
• Jin-Qiang Li,
• Hong-Bin Fang,
• Shao-Jun Xing,
• Yong-Ming Yan and
• Yong-Xian Cheng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1370–1371, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.97

• , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China Department of Pathogen Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China 10.3762/bjoc.19.97 Keywords: arthropod; iNOS; Kronopolites svenhedini (Verhoeff); non-peptide small molecules; The structure of compound 1 of the original

Intermediates and shunt products of massiliachelin biosynthesis in Massilia sp. NR 4-1

• Till Steinmetz,
• Blaise Kimbadi Lombe and
• Markus Nett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 909–917, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.69

• pathogen P. aeruginosa, which is capable of adapting its iron acquisition strategy. In general, P. aeruginosa relies on a comparatively weak iron chelator named pyochelin. During acute infections, however, when iron availability is severely limited, P. aeruginosa switches to the production of a high

Non-peptide compounds from Kronopolites svenhedini (Verhoeff) and their antitumor and iNOS inhibitory activities

• Yuan-Nan Yuan,
• Jin-Qiang Li,
• Hong-Bin Fang,
• Shao-Jun Xing,
• Yong-Ming Yan and
• Yong-Xian Cheng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 789–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.59

• , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China Department of Pathogen Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China 10.3762/bjoc.19.59 Abstract Six new compounds, including a tetralone 1, two xanthones 2 and 3, a flavan derivative 4, and two nor-diterpenoids 7 and 8

Synthesis of C6-modified mannose 1-phosphates and evaluation of derived sugar nucleotides against GDP-mannose dehydrogenase

• Sanaz Ahmadipour,
• Alice J. C. Wahart,
• Jonathan P. Dolan,
• Laura Beswick,
• Chris S. Hawes,
• Robert A. Field and
• Gavin J. Miller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1379–1384, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.142

• pathogen in these cases is mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Such infections are characterised by overproduction of the exopolysaccharide alginate. We present herein the design and chemoenzymatic synthesis of sugar nucleotide tools to probe a critical enzyme within alginate biosynthesis, GDP-mannose

• evaluation against GMD. Keywords: alginate; chemical probe; enzymatic synthesis; GDP-mannose dehydrogenase; sugar nucleotide; Introduction The opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), becomes the dominant pathogen in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) and causes a

Synthesis of tryptophan-dehydrobutyrine diketopiperazine and biological activity of hangtaimycin and its co-metabolites

• Houchao Xu,
• Anne Wochele,
• Minghe Luo,
• Gregor Schnakenburg,
• Yuhui Sun,
• Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1159–1165, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.120

• species B. subtilis 168 and of B) nosocomial pathogen A. baumannii 09987 monitored by recording the turbidity increase of growing culture aliquots exposed to a concentration series of 1 every 10 min over 24 h. An increase in the optical density at 600 nm (OD600) reflects biomass production. At

Total synthesis of the O-antigen repeating unit of Providencia stuartii O49 serotype through linear and one-pot assemblies

• Tanmoy Halder and
• Somnath Yadav

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2915–2921, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.199

• stuartii is a class of enterobacteria of the family Providencia that is responsible for several antibiotic resistant infections, particularly urinary tract infections of patients with prolonged catheterization in hospital settings. Towards the goal of development of vaccine candidates against this pathogen

Isolation and characterization of new phenolic siderophores with antimicrobial properties from Pseudomonas sp. UIAU-6B

• Emmanuel T. Oluwabusola,
• Olusoji O. Adebisi,
• Fernando Reyes,
• Kojo S. Acquah,
• Mercedes De La Cruz,
• Larry L. Mweetwa,
• Joy E. Rajakulendran,
• Digby F. Warner,
• Deng Hai,
• Rainer Ebel and
• Marcel Jaspars

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2390–2398, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.156

• , respectively. Additionally, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate antitubercular activity with MICs of 7.8 and 15.6 µg/mL, respectively. Besides, compound 5 showed low activity (MIC of 125 µg/mL) against the latter pathogen. None of the compounds inhibited the growth of E. coli, A. baumannii, MRSA, MSSA, or E

Natural products in the predatory defence of the filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

• Jana M. Boysen,
• Nauman Saeed and
• Falk Hillmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1814–1827, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.124

• sequencing projects. Due to its clinical importance as an opportunistic pathogen A. fumigatus is of great interest among them [33][34]. As a saprophytic decomposer of organic material in the soil, A. fumigatus encounters not only numerous competitors but also fungivorous predators like amoebae (e.g., P

• . aurantium), nematodes (e.g., Aphelenchus avenae) or arthropods like insects, mites and springtails (e.g., F. candida) [35][36][37][38][39]. However, the fungus may also act as a pathogen causing often lethal infections in immune-compromised patients, and thus its secondary metabolism was extensively studied

• , comparable to how Trichoderma virens protects cotton seedlings from its pathogen Pythium ultimum [122]. Trypacidin The spore-born toxin trypacidin (8) is a polyketide that belongs to an anthraquinone-derived class of secondary metabolites (Figure 4) [107]. In A. fumigatus, the trypacidin biosynthetic cluster

Volatile emission and biosynthesis in endophytic fungi colonizing black poplar leaves

• Christin Walther,
• Pamela Baumann,
• Katrin Luck,
• Beate Rothe,
• Peter H. W. Biedermann,
• Jonathan Gershenzon,
• Tobias G. Köllner and
• Sybille B. Unsicker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1698–1711, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.118

• pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Figure 3). We speculate that TPS from fungi that share the same lifestyle are not clustered together because some endophytes switch from being asymptomatic leaf inhabiting fungi to becoming either latent pathogens or saprophytes [21][24][70][71][72][73]. Furthermore, it is

• years old. Five branches in the lower canopy (1–7 m) from each of the 10 tree genotypes were collected and from each branch, five leaves were randomly harvested. Those leaves did not show any symptoms of pathogen infection. A culture-dependent method was used to isolate endophytic fungi growing within

Antiviral therapy in shrimp through plant virus VLP containing VP28 dsRNA against WSSV

• Santiago Ramos-Carreño,
• Ivone Giffard-Mena,
• Jose N. Zamudio-Ocadiz,
• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Ricardo Valencia-Yañez,
• Jaime Ruiz-Garcia,
• Maria Teresa Viana and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1360–1373, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.95

• applied to pathogen control in shrimp and also other organisms, widening the application window in nanomedicine. Keywords: antiviral therapy; CCMV; oral administration; P. vannamei; plant VLPs; RNAi; VP28; white spot syndrome virus; Introduction The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is recognized as one

• of the most severe epidemic pathogens of shrimp, causing severe economic losses to shrimp aquaculture. More than three decades ago Chou et al. [1] first described the emergence of this pathogen and since then, rapidly, it has spread globally [2][3]. The aquaculture industry still suffers productive

Recent progress in the synthesis of homotropane alkaloids adaline, euphococcinine and N-methyleuphococcinine

• Dimas J. P. Lima,
• Antonio E. G. Santana,
• Michael A. Birkett and
• Ricardo S. Porto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 28–41, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.4

• ladybird’s early life, in addition to genetic factors. In this way, it should consequently lead to success in the species’ survival. Recent elegant studies by Steele et al. [38][39] provide an insight into the impact of pathogen infection upon production of the alkaloid 1 in A. bipunctata. When A. bipunctata

• was infected by the microsporidian pathogen Nosema adaliae, larval development was significantly delayed. At elevated temperatures, developmental delays caused by infection were reduced, spore counts and infection decreased, and there was an increase in the content of 1 [38]. In a second study, the

• fed irregularly had the lowest content of 1. The infection load of adults was significantly increased in beetles that were fed irregularly. Taken together, these results suggest that 1 may provide A. bipunctata with chemical defence against pathogen challenge. Syntheses A concise overview of the

Secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis impact the assembly of soil-derived semisynthetic bacterial communities

• Heiko T. Kiesewalter,
• Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade,
• Mikael L. Strube and
• Ákos T. Kovács

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2983–2998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.248

• supplemented biocontrol strain, whereas the sampling time and additional inoculation of the fungal plant pathogen influenced the community to a greater extent. Apart from soluble SM, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are as well capable of impacting a microbial community. In 2020, Cosetta et al. demonstrated

Selective recognition of ATP by multivalent nano-assemblies of bisimidazolium amphiphiles through “turn-on” fluorescence response

• Rakesh Biswas,
• Surya Ghosh,
• Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik and
• Supratim Banerjee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2728–2738, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.223

• ]. It is a principle ubiquitously used in biology to achieve high affinity binding events with examples ranging from protein–carbohydrate interactions to host–pathogen interactions or cell surface adhesion [12][13][14]. The high affinity originates from the simultaneous interactions of multiple sites in

Tools for generating and analyzing glycan microarray data

• Akul Y. Mehta,
• Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro and
• Richard D. Cummings

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2260–2271, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.187

• . Glycans are recognized by many pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, and glycan microarrays are commonly now used to explore pathogen recognition of glycans [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Conversely, glycans from pathogens are also recognized by proteins in the human body and even produce an immune

• “Mammalian Printed Array” on the website and not to be confused with the “mammalian plate array” also present on the same page, which is not a microarray platform) and the pathogen array [34][35][36]. There are multiple versions of the mammalian glycan printed array (i.e., from v1 to v5.2) where each version

• differs by the addition or removal of some glycans from the list. The mammalian glycan arrays contain between 200–611 different glycan compounds printed per microarray. The pathogen array consists of glycans/polysaccharide isolated from bacterial sources and currently has over 300 compounds printed, with

Three new O-isocrotonyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid congeners produced by a sea anemone-derived marine bacterium of the genus Vibrio

• Dandan Li,
• Enjuro Harunari,
• Tao Zhou,
• Naoya Oku and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1869–1874, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.154

• )-configuration of the 3-hydroxy acid components in 1–4. These compounds showed no cytotoxicity but were weakly antibacterial against a fish ulcer pathogen, Tenacibaculum maritimum. The (2Z)-enoic acyl termini in 1–4 are precedented by 5, discovered from another Vibrio bacterium, and the (R)-configured short

Anthelmintic drug discovery: target identification, screening methods and the role of open science

• Frederick A. Partridge,
• Ruth Forman,
• Carole J. R. Bataille,
• Graham M. Wynne,
• Marina Nick,
• Angela J. Russell,
• Kathryn J. Else and
• David B. Sattelle

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1203–1224, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.105

• the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box, have been successful at facilitating screening in diverse assays against many different parasite pathogens and models. Of the compounds identified so far in these screens, tolfenpyrad, a repurposed insecticide, shows significant promise and there has

• compound screening efforts, and participating in distributed open library screening projects such as the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box. The point has recently been made by Tim Geary and colleagues that millions of compounds have been screened in industrial and academic labs on isolated

• further analysis [156]. The authors provided a parts list with a total materials cost of $184. Schematics, CAD files and the associated software are provided on Github [157]. Open approaches to developing therapeutics The Pathogen Box project The Pathogen Box is a 400 compound collection that was made

Two antibacterial and PPARα/γ-agonistic unsaturated keto fatty acids from a coral-associated actinomycete of the genus Micrococcus

• Amit Raj Sharma,
• Enjuro Harunari,
• Naoya Oku,
• Nobuyasu Matsuura,
• Agus Trianto and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 297–304, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.29

• assignment of an E geometry at C8 in 2. As metabolites of microbes, compounds 1 and 2 are unprecedented in terms of bearing a 2,4-dienone system. Both 1 and 2 showed antibacterial activity against the plant pathogen Rhizobium radiobacter and the fish pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum, with a contrasting

• and 2 showed selective antibacterial activity against the plant pathogen R. radiobacter and the fish pathogen T. maritimum, respectively. In addition, both 1 and 2 displayed agonistic activity against PPARα and PPARγ. Experimental General experimental procedure UV and IR spectra were recorded on a

Convenient synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of Escherichia albertii O4

• Tapasi Manna,
• Arin Gucchait and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 106–110, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.12

• enteropathogenic Escherichia coli [5] are commonly known for causing diarrheal infections. Besides the mainstream enteropathogenic bacterium, Escherichia albertii (E. albertii) is an emerging human pathogen causing gastroenteric infections in different countries [6]. Although, this species was identified earlier

Two new aromatic polyketides from a sponge-derived Fusarium

• Mada Triandala Sibero,
• Tao Zhou,
• Keisuke Fukaya,
• Daisuke Urabe,
• Ocky K. Karna Radjasa,
• Agus Sabdono,
• Agus Trianto and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2941–2947, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.289

• ). Antibacterial activities of compounds 1–7 were tested against clinical pathogen Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi strain MDR from General Hospital Dr. Kariadi, Semarang, Indonesia. Compounds 2–7 were weakly active with MIC values of 125 µg/mL, while 1 was not active in the same concentration range. Conclusion In

Bipolenins K–N: New sesquiterpenoids from the fungal plant pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana

• Chin-Soon Phan,
• Hang Li,
• Simon Kessler,
• Peter S. Solomon,
• Andrew M. Piggott and
• Yit-Heng Chooi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2020–2028, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.198

• Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia 10.3762/bjoc.15.198 Abstract Chemical investigation of the barley and wheat fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana BRIP10943 yielded four new sativene-type sesquiterpenoid natural products, bipolenins K–N (1–4), together with seven related known

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of immunostimulating mannosylated desmuramyl peptides

• Rosana Ribić,
• Ranko Stojković,
• Lidija Milković,
• Mariastefania Antica,
• Marko Cigler and
• Srđanka Tomić

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1805–1814, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.174

• by compound 21 (Man-OCH2-ᴅ-(1-Ad)Gly-ʟ-Ala-ᴅ-isoGln). Keywords: adamantane; adjuvant activity; desmuramyl peptide; mannose; Introduction Dendritic cells capture and internalize invading pathogens. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns have been known for a long time to affect the immune system of

• mammalian hosts and therefore have been extensively studied as possible adjuvants for vaccines. Peptidoglycan is a polymeric component of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell wall. Breakdown products of polymeric peptidoglycan are called muropeptides. Muropeptides act as agonists of pathogen