Controlling the reactivity of La@C₈₂ by reduction: reaction of the La@C₈₂ anion with alkyl halide with high regioselectivity

• Yutaka Maeda,
• Saeka Akita,
• Mitsuaki Suzuki,
• Michio Yamada,
• Takeshi Akasaka,
• Kaoru Kobayashi and
• Shigeru Nagase

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1858–1866, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.138

• , the third carbon allotrope, have unique spherical molecular structures and exhibit high reactivity as electron-deficient polyolefins. The excellent redox properties of fullerenes are useful for their chemical derivatization and practical applications [1][2][3][4][5]. Fullerene anions can be easily

Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances

• Zixiao Wang,
• Feichen Cui,
• Yang Sui and
• Jiajun Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1580–1603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.116

• vinyl groups [132], demonstrating a promising new orientation of radical hydrosilylation. It is noteworthy, that since the 1940s, polysiloxanes were crosslinked via hydrogen abstraction from Si–CH3 and a radical coupling mechanism like polyolefins, vide supra [133]. Irradiation can also lead to the

• blending compatibilizers [211]. Radical depolymerization capability can be incorporated at synthesis. Wang et al. introduced photodegradability to polyolefins by copolymerization of carbon monoxide [212]. Nevertheless, radical depolymerization is an essential tool to tackle the problem of polymer wastes

Valorisation of plastic waste via metal-catalysed depolymerisation

• Francesca Liguori,
• Carmen Moreno-Marrodán and
• Pierluigi Barbaro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 589–621, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.53

• selective depolymerisation methods of plastics. Achievements are broken down according to the plastic material, namely polyolefins, polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides. The focus is on recent advancements targeting sustainable and environmentally friendly processes. Biocatalytic or unselective

• ]. This justifies for the easier depolymerisation of polyesters and polycarbonates compared to polyolefins [79][80]. By contrast, poor selectivity and slow kinetics of depolymerisation can be circumvented using a catalyst. 2.1 Chemolysis Several catalytic depolymerisation processes of plastics have been

• crystallinity, reduced chain mobility and hydrophobicity of polymers [114][115], which makes biodegradation often ineffective and time-consuming, particularly for polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene or PET [116][117]. Thus, abiotic pretreatments may be required, including UV

Application of olefin metathesis in the synthesis of functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and POSS-containing polymeric materials

• Patrycja Żak and
• Cezary Pietraszuk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 310–332, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.28

• are the subject of numerous reviews [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. From among the methods for preparation of organic–inorganic hybrid materials, polymerization or copolymerization is particularly convenient to incorporate POSS units into polyolefins. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is

Solid-state mechanochemical ω-functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol)

• Michael Y. Malca,
• Pierre-Olivier Ferko,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1963–1968, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.191

• pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is an emergent area that was recently reviewed [25]. In particular, solvent-free polymerization methods have been recently developed to access polyimines [26], polylactides [27], poly(phenylene vinylene) [28] and polyolefins [29]. There has been, however, limited effort towards

The chemical behavior of terminally tert-butylated polyolefins

• Dagmar Klein,
• Henning Hopf,
• Peter G. Jones,
• Ina Dix and
• Ralf Hänel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1246–1258, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.139

• . Exploratory photochemical studies were carried out with tetraene 19 as the model compound. On irradiation this reacted with oxygen to the stable endo-peroxide 52. Keywords: bromination; Diels–Alder reactions; epoxidation; photochemistry; polyolefins; reactivity; hydrogenation; Introduction Several years ago

• (as well as many of their precursors) were characterized by X-ray structural analysis. These polyolefins are substructures of the most famous polyene, “polyacetylene”. Having prepared and unambiguously characterized the hydro-carbons 2, we now turn to their chemical behavior. In the sense that these

• polyolefins can serve as structural models for “polyacetylene”, their chemical properties should also reflect that of the polymer. Chemical reactions of the higher acyclic polyolefins have scarcely been studied, and we hence decided to carry out typical, textbook olefin reactions of a representative selection

The cross-metathesis of methyl oleate with cis-2-butene-1,4-diyl diacetate and the influence of protecting groups

• Arno Behr and
• Jessica Pérez Gomes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.1

• derivatives that yield diverse types of α,ω-difunctional monomers, which can be processed into polymers (polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, etc.), partial or even complete substitution of the steadily decreasing petrochemicals by materials from renewable resources is warranted [12][13][14]. So far, cross

Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• particles displayed an excitation lifetime 17 times longer than pyrene dissolved in THF. Metal-catalyzed polymerizations At the end of the last century, many groups focused their research on the production of polyolefins in aqueous media. Ethylene as one of the most industrially relevant monomers was

Functionalized polymers: synthesis and properties

• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 55, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.55

• instance, are preferentially made of standard polymeric materials such as polyolefins, polyesters or polyamides. It is therefore obvious that the future of polymer chemistry will be influenced by the elaboration of new functional polymers. At the beginning of the application of synthetic materials