TY - JOUR A1 - Siebels, Marvin A1 - Mai, Lukas A1 - Schmolke, Laura A1 - Schütte, Kai A1 - Barthel, Juri A1 - Yue, Junpei A1 - Thomas, Jörg A1 - Smarsly, Bernd M. A1 - Devi, Anjana A1 - Fischer, Roland A. A1 - Janiak, Christoph T1 - Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate JF - Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology PY - 2018/// VL - 9 SP - 1881 EP - 1894 SN - 2190-4286 DO - 10.3762/bjnano.9.180 PB - Beilstein-Institut JA - Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. UR - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.180 KW - ionic liquids KW - metal amidinates KW - rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles KW - rare-earth metal nanoparticles KW - soft wet-chemical synthesis N2 - Decomposition of rare-earth tris(N,N′-diisopropyl-2-methylamidinato)metal(III) complexes [RE{MeC(N(iPr)2)}3] (RE(amd)3; RE = Pr(III), Gd(III), Er(III)) and tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium(III) (Eu(dpm)3) induced by microwave heating in the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMIm][NTf2]) and in propylene carbonate (PC) yield oxide-free rare-earth metal nanoparticles (RE-NPs) in [BMIm][NTf2] and PC for RE = Pr, Gd and Er or rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles (REF3-NPs) in the fluoride-donating IL [BMIm][BF4] for RE = Pr, Eu, Gd and Er. The crystalline phases and the absence of significant oxide impurities in RE-NPs and REF3-NPs were verified by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The size distributions of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) to an average diameter of (11 ± 6) to (38 ± 17) nm for the REF3-NPs from [BMIm][BF4]. The RE-NPs from [BMIm][NTf2] or PC showed diameters of (1.5 ± 0.5) to (5 ± 1) nm. The characterization was completed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). ER -