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@misc{SPMLabsLLC,
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/F14H20{\_}31925a3276fc02b2bdf258d8aa763876.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--3},
title = {{Atomic Force Microscopy View on Structural Organization of Semifluorinated Alkanes, F14H20}},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Garrett2018,
abstract = {The spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) needed to resolve material interfaces is limited by the tip-sample separation (d) dependence of the force used to record an image. Here, we present a new multiscale functional imaging technique that allows for in situ tunable spatial resolution, which can be applied to a wide range of inhomogeneous materials, devices, and interfaces. Our approach uses a multifrequency method to generate a signal whose d-dependence is controlled by mixing harmonics of the cantilever's oscillation with a modulated force. The spatial resolution of the resulting image is determined by the signal's d-dependence. Our measurements using harmonic mixing (HM) show that we can change the d-dependence of a force signal to improve spatial resolution by up to a factor of two compared to conventional methods. We demonstrate the technique with both Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and bimodal AFM to show its generality. Bimodal AFM with harmonic mixing actuation separates conservative from dissipative forces and is used to identify the regions of adhesive residue on exfoliated graphene. Our electrostatic measurements with open-loop KPFM demonstrate that multiple force modulations may be applied at once. Further, this method can be applied to any tip-sample force that can be modulated, for example, electrostatic, magnetic, and photoinduced forces, showing its universality. Because HM enables in situ switching between high sensitivity and high spatial resolution with any periodic driving force, we foresee this technique as a critical advancement for multiscale functional imaging.},
author = {Garrett, Joseph L. and Leite, Marina S. and Munday, Jeremy N.},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.8b08097},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/garrett-et-al-2018-multiscale-functional-imaging-of-interfaces-through-atomic-force-microscopy-using-harmonic-mixing.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,bimodal AFM,functional imaging,scanning probe microscopy,van der Waals materials},
mendeley-groups = {PhD/Intermodulation{\_}AFM},
month = {aug},
number = {34},
pages = {28850--28859},
pmid = {30113805},
title = {{Multiscale Functional Imaging of Interfaces through Atomic Force Microscopy Using Harmonic Mixing}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.8b08097},
volume = {10},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Boularas2016,
abstract = {Techniques derived from the near-field microscopies and particularly the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are presented as alternative techniques for space charge measurement compared to classical techniques due to their high sensitivity to the electrostatic force and an improved spatial resolution (few nanometers). One of the AFM derivative methods, which allow obtaining information on the charge state of the dielectric materials, is based on the measurement of Force Distance Curves (FDC) obtained by cycling approach and retraction of the AFM probe to the dielectric surface. In this paper, three-Dimensional (3D) simulation results for the electrostatic force between an AFM tip and the surface of a dielectric are presented for different AFM tip geometries. The first aim is to analyse the effect of tip shape on electrostatic contribution to force-distance curves. The second step consists in extracting cantilever contribution to electrostatic force. Finally, a model merging cantilever and tip shape contributions is developed. Simulation results are shown and compared with experimental data in order to validate our approach.},
author = {Boularas, A. and Baudoin, F. and Teyssedre, G. and Villeneuve-Faure, C. and Clain, S.},
doi = {10.1109/TDEI.2016.005341},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/3D{\_}modeling{\_}of{\_}electrostatic{\_}interaction{\_}between{\_}atomic{\_}force{\_}microscopy{\_}probe{\_}and{\_}dielectric{\_}surface{\_}Impact{\_}of{\_}tip{\_}shape{\_}and{\_}cantilever{\_}contribution.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1070-9878},
journal = {IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul.},
keywords = {3D modeling,AFM,electrostatic force,force distance curve,space charge measurement},
mendeley-groups = {PhD/Capacitance/dielctric constant/Theory/Model},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {705--712},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{3D modeling of electrostatic interaction between atomic force microscopy probe and dielectric surface: Impact of tip shape and cantilever contribution}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7480630/},
volume = {23},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Mourran2005,
abstract = {Scanning force microscopy on monomolecular films of eicosylperfluorotetradecane, F(CF 2) 14(CH 2) 20H, on mica, silicon oxide, or water revealed spontaneous organization to well-defined nanoscopic ribbon and spiral or toroidal superstructures. Whether ribbons or nanospirals were formed depended on the solvent from which the molecular monofilm was cast. Ribbons were observed when a hydrocarbon or a perfluorocarbon solvent was used, e.g., decalin or perfluorodecalin. When the compound, however, was deposited from nonselective hexafluoroxylene, the molecules assembled into spirals of defined size. The spirals/toroids transformed to ribbons when exposed either to decalin or perfluorodecalin vapor, and the ribbons transformed to toroids when exposed to hexafluoroxylene vapor. These changes could be observed in situ. Scanning force microscopy yielded an identical height and width for the bands forming the spirals and for the parallel flat ribbons. X-ray reflectivity yielded a height of 3.61 ± 0.05 nm, again identical for both morphologies. Yet, the length of the extended F(CF 2) 14(CH 2) 20H molecule, i.e., 4.65 nm, exceeds the layer thickness obtained from X-ray reflectometry. It is, however, consistent with an arrangement where the fluorinated chains are oriented normal to the surface layer and where the alkyl segments are tilted with a 122° angle between the two segments. Within the plane defined by the tilt, this angle allows a dense packing of the alkyl segments compensating for the larger cross-section of the fluorocarbon segment. The tilt plane defines an "easy" direction along which the monolayer structure can preserve order. In the plane perpendicular to this axis, long-range ordered dense packing of the alkyl chains is not possible. Incommensurable packing can in principle explain the finite and regular width of the ribbons and the stepwise turn in the spirals. {\textcopyright} 2005 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Mourran, Ahmed and Tartsch, Bernd and Gallyamov, Marat and Magonov, Sergei and Lambreva, Denitza and Ostrovskii, Boris I. and Dolbnya, Igor P. and de Jeu, Wim H. and Moeller, Martin},
doi = {10.1021/la048069y},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/mourran-et-al-2005-self-assembly-of-the-perfluoroalkyl-alkane-f14h20-in-ultrathin-films (1).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0743-7463},
journal = {Langmuir},
month = {mar},
number = {6},
pages = {2308--2316},
title = {{Self-Assembly of the Perfluoroalkyl-Alkane F 14 H 20 in Ultrathin Films}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la048069y},
volume = {21},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Magonov2011,
abstract = {We demonstrate that single-pass Kelvin force microscopy (KFM) and capacitance gradient (d C /d Z ) measurements with force gradient detection of tip–sample electrostatic interactions can be performed in the intermittent contact regime in different environments. Such combination provides sensitive detection of the surface potential and capacitance gradient with nanometer-scale spatial resolution as it was verified on self-assemblies of fluoroalkanes and a metal alloy. The KFM and d C /d Z applications to several heterogeneous polymer materials demonstrate the compositional mapping of these samples in dry and humid air as well as in organic vapors. In situ imaging in different environments facilitates recognition of the constituents of multi-component polymer systems due to selective swelling of components.},
author = {Magonov, Sergei and Alexander, John},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.2.2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/F14H20{\_}2190-4286-2-2 (1).pdf:pdf},
issn = {2190-4286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {Atomic force microscopy,Fluoroalkanes,KELVIN force microscopy,Surface potential},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {15--27},
title = {{Single-pass Kelvin force microscopy and d C /d Z measurements in the intermittent contact: applications to polymer materials}},
url = {https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/2/2},
volume = {2},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Sahoo2024,
abstract = {To replace SiO 2 as gate dielectrics in complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐compatible microelectronic devices, research on alternative high‐ k dielectric materials is deeply focused. Although high‐ k dielectrics have high permittivity, it suffers from poor electrical quality due to the presence of charge densities during the deposition process. To suppress these charge densities, there is an urge for a suitable fabrication process. Herein, radio frequency magnetron sputtering is used to deposit Ta 2 O 5 thin films on p‐type Si. During deposition, sputtering pressure and Ar/O 2 gas flow ratio are varied systematically. Postdeposition annealing is carried out for an hour at 900 °C in air ambient. The microstructural, morphological, and electrical properties are studied from X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), capacitance–voltage, and current–voltage characteristics. XRD reveals orthorhombic $\beta$‐phase structure of the film annealed at 900 °C. The AFM micrographs show that the roughness of the film increases with the increase in both sputtering pressure and Ar/O 2 gas flow ratio. The oxide charge density ( Q ox ), interface charge density ( D it ), and leakage current are found to be decreased with the increase in both Ar/O 2 gas flow ratio and sputtering pressure.},
author = {Sahoo, Kiran K. and Pradhan, Diana and Gartia, Anurag and Ghosh, Surya P. and Kar, Jyoti P.},
doi = {10.1002/pssa.202300292},
issn = {1862-6300},
journal = {Phys. status solidi},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {2300292},
title = {{Suppression of Oxide and Interface Charge Density in Radio Frequency Sputtered Ta 2 O 5 Thin Films}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pssa.202300292},
volume = {221},
year = {2024}
}
@article{Liu2015,
abstract = {Two-inch-sized perovskite crystals, CH3NH3PbX3 (X=I, Br, Cl), with high crystalline quality are prepared by a solution-grown strategy. The availability of large perovskite crystals is expected to transform its broad applications in photovoltaics, optoelectronics, lasers, photodetectors, LEDs, etc., just as crystalline silicon has done in revolutionizing the modern electronics and photovoltaic industries.},
annote = {Bandl{\"{u}}cke MAPI etc 1,52 eV},
author = {Liu, Yucheng and Yang, Zhou and Cui, Dong and Ren, Xiaodong and Sun, Jiankun and Liu, Xiaojing and Zhang, Jingru and Wei, Qingbo and Fan, Haibo and Yu, Fengyang and Zhang, Xu and Zhao, Changming and Liu, Shengzhong},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201502597},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Liu et al. - 2015 - Two-Inch-Sized Perovskite CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Crystals Growth and Characterization.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15214095},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {crystal growth,perovskites,single crystals},
number = {35},
pages = {5176--5183},
title = {{Two-Inch-Sized Perovskite CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Crystals: Growth and Characterization}},
volume = {27},
year = {2015}
}
@article{King-Smith1993,
author = {King-Smith, R. D. and Vanderbilt, David},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.47.1651},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {jan},
number = {3},
pages = {1651--1654},
title = {{Theory of polarization of crystalline solids}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.1651},
volume = {47},
year = {1993}
}
@article{Fischer2016,
abstract = {Multiphoton microscopy has rapidly gained popularity in biomedical imaging and materials science because of its ability to provide three-dimensional images at high spatial and temporal resolution even in optically scattering environments. Currently the majority of commercial and home-built devices are based on two-photon fluorescence and harmonic generation contrast. These two contrast mechanisms are relatively easy to measure but can access only a limited range of endogenous targets. Recent developments in fast laser pulse generation, pulse shaping, and detection technology have made accessible a wide range of optical contrasts that utilize multiple pulses of different colors. Molecular excitation with multiple pulses offers a large number of adjustable parameters. For example, in two-pulse pump-probe microscopy, one can vary the wavelength of each excitation pulse, the detection wavelength, the timing between the excitation pulses, and the detection gating window after excitation. Such a large parameter space can provide much greater molecular specificity than existing single-color techniques and allow for structural and functional imaging without the need for exogenous dyes and labels, which might interfere with the system under study. In this review, we provide a tutorial overview, covering principles of pump-probe microscopy and experimental setup, challenges associated with signal detection and data processing, and an overview of applications.},
author = {Fischer, Martin C. and Wilson, Jesse W. and Robles, Francisco E. and Warren, Warren S.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4943211},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4943211.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10897623},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
number = {3},
pmid = {27036751},
title = {{Invited Review Article: Pump-probe microscopy}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4943211},
volume = {87},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Hermes2016,
abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2016 American Chemical Society. Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite shows an outstanding performance in photovoltaic devices. However, certain material properties, especially the possible ferroic behavior, remain unclear. We observed distinct nanoscale periodic domains in the piezoresponse of MAPbI3(Cl) grains. The structure and the orientation of these striped domains indicate ferroelasticity as their origin. By correlating vertical and lateral piezoresponse force microscopy experiments performed at different sample orientations with X-ray diffraction, the preferred domain orientation is suggested to be the a1-a2-phase. The observation of these ferroelastic fingerprints appears to strongly depend on the film texture and thus the preparation route. The ferroelastic twin domains could form due to the introduction of strain during the cubic-tetragonal phase transition.},
annote = {SI von Hermes 2016},
author = {Hermes, Ilka M. and Bretschneider, Simon A. and Bergmann, Victor W. and Li, Dan and Klasen, Alexander and Mars, Julian and Tremel, Wolfgang and Laquai, Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric and Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen and Mezger, Markus and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger and Rodriguez, Brian J. and Weber, Stefan A. L.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11469},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hermes et al. - 2016 - Ferroelastic Fingerprints in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {mar},
number = {10},
pages = {5724--5731},
title = {{Ferroelastic Fingerprints in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11469},
volume = {120},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Tessler2020,
author = {Tessler, Nir and Vaynzof, Yana},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00172},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dieletric{\_}properties{\_}cell{\_}efficiencies.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {1260--1270},
title = {{Insights from Device Modeling of Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00172},
volume = {5},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zhao2015,
abstract = {Organo lead halide perovskite materials like methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) and formamidinium lead iodide (HC(NH2)2PbI3) show superb opto-electronic properties. Based on these perovskite light absorbers, power conversion efficiencies of the perovskite solar cells employing hole transporting layers have increased from 9.7{\%} to 20.1{\%} within just three years. Thus, it is apparent that perovskite solar cell is a promising next generation photovoltaic technology. However, the unstable nature of perovskite was observed when exposing it to continuous illumination, moisture and high temperature, impeding the commercial development in the long run and thus becoming the main issue that needs to be solved urgently. Here, we discuss the factors affecting instability of perovskite and give some perspectives about further enhancement of stability of perovskite solar cell.},
author = {Zhao, Xing and Park, Nam-Gyu},
doi = {10.3390/photonics2041139},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhao, Park - 2015 - Stability issues on perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2304-6732},
journal = {Photonics},
keywords = {CH3NH3PbI3,Degradation,Formamidinium,HC(NH2)2PbI3,Methylammonium,Moisture,Organo lead halide,Perovskite solar cell,Stability},
month = {nov},
number = {4},
pages = {1139--1151},
title = {{Stability Issues on Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/2/4/1139},
volume = {2},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Wheeler2013,
abstract = {This review article provides an overview of recent advances in the study and understanding of dynamics of excitons in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) or quantum dots (QDs). Emphasis is placed on the relationship between exciton dynamics and optical properties, both linear and nonlinear. We also focus on the unique aspects of exciton dynamics in semiconductor NCs as compared to those in bulk crystals. Various experimental techniques for probing exciton dynamics, particularly time-resolved laser methods, are reviewed. Relevant models and computational studies are also briefly presented. By comparing different materials systems, a unifying picture is proposed to account for the major dynamic features of excitons in semiconductor QDs. While the specific dynamic processes involved are material-dependent, key processes can be identified for all the materials that include electronic dephasing, intraband relaxation, trapping, and interband recombination of free and trapped charge carriers (electron and hole). Exciton dynamics play a critical role in the fundamental properties and functionalities of nanomaterials of interest for a variety of applications including optical detectors, solar energy conversion, lasers, and sensors. A better understanding of exciton dynamics in nanomaterials is thus important both fundamentally and technologically. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH {\&} Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},
author = {Wheeler, Damon A. and Zhang, Jin Z.},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201300362},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wheeler, Zhang - 2013 - Exciton dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09359648},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {exciton dynamics,nanocrystals,quantum dots,semiconductors,ultrafast laser},
number = {21},
pages = {2878--2896},
title = {{Exciton dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals}},
volume = {25},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Balis2020,
abstract = {In this work we present the effects of the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoflakes into the titania compact layer, the methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) absorber and the Spiro-MeOTAD hole transporter which are typical components of a planar perovskite solar cell (PSC). The addition of rGO within the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) offers fast electron transport rates toward the anode and favors the growth of large, uniform perovskite crystals. When added in MAPbI3, rGO further increases the perovskite grains size and creates a more homogenous and smooth film with enhanced crystallinity, thus improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the corresponding PSC. On the contrary, its presence in Spiro-MeOTAD is detrimental for the cells performance. For the first time in the literature a graphene derivative favors the performance of a MAPbI3–based PSC when incorporated as an additive in both the ETL and the perovskite absorber. As a result, we obtained devices with optimized electrical characteristics, resulting to stabilized 13.6{\%} PCE, outperforming by 20{\%} the reference (rGO-free) ones. Moreover, the presence of rGO offered additional stability to the solar cells which retained 40{\%} of their initial PCE after 50 days of storage in mildly humid, dark environment.},
annote = {Graphen als Additiv},
author = {Balis, Nikolaos and Zaky, Alaa A. and Athanasekou, Chrysoula and Silva, Adri{\'{a}}n MT and Sakellis, Elias and Vasilopoulou, Maria and Stergiopoulos, Thomas and Kontos, Athanassios G. and Falaras, Polycarpos},
doi = {10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112141},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Balis et al. - 2020 - Investigating the role of reduced graphene oxide as a universal additive in planar perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10106030},
journal = {J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem.},
keywords = {Lead acetate,MAPbI3 absorber,Planar perovskite solar cells,Reduced graphene oxide,Titania compact layer},
number = {October 2019},
pages = {112141},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Investigating the role of reduced graphene oxide as a universal additive in planar perovskite solar cells}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112141},
volume = {386},
year = {2020}
}
@book{Sadewasser2018a,
abstract = {This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the methods and variety of Kelvin probe force microscopy, including technical details. It also offers an overview of the recent developments and numerous applications, ranging from semiconductor materials, nanostructures and devices to sub-molecular and atomic scale electrostatics. In the last 25 years, Kelvin probe force microscopy has developed from a specialized technique applied by a few scanning probe microscopy experts into a tool used by numerous research and development groups around the globe. This sequel to the editors' previous volume “Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Measuring and Compensating Electrostatic Forces,” presents new and complementary topics. It is intended for a broad readership, from undergraduate students to lab technicians and scanning probe microscopy experts who are new to the field.},
address = {Cham},
annote = {KPFM Buch Sadewasser},
author = {Sadewasser, Sascha and Glatzel, Thilo},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-75687-5},
edition = {65},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Car, Ertl, Freund - 2018 - Book-Kelvin Probe Force microscopyFrom single charge detection to device characterization 题目：开尔文探针力显微镜：从单电荷检测.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-3-319-75686-8},
keywords = {Electrostatic Force Microscopy,KPFM techniques for liquid environment,KPFM with atomic resolution,Kelvin spectroscopy of single molecules,Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy,electrostatic field of a cantilever},
pages = {530},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
series = {Springer Series in Surface Sciences},
title = {{Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-75687-5},
volume = {65},
year = {2018}
}%editor = {Sadewasser, Sascha and Glatzel, Thilo},
@article{Wu2017,
abstract = {The deposition of dense and uniform perovskite films with large grains is crucial for fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). High-quality CH3NH3PbI3 films were produced by a self-induced intragranular-coarsening approach. The perovskite precursor solution contained a Lewis base, N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and was deposited using a gas-assisted, one-step, spin-coating method that was followed by a solvent vapor-assisted annealing treatment using a mix of DMSO and chlorobenzene (CBZ). Combining solvent-engineering with gas-assisted deposition helps to form intermediate crystalline entities upon evaporation of the parent solvent but retards the otherwise fast reaction between the precursor ingredients. Subsequent cosolvent annealing induces further grain-coarsening via a facilitated dissolution-precipitation process. This technique produced flat CH3NH3PbI3 films featuring large grain microstructures, with well-coarsened subgrains and a reduction of intragranular defects that minimized carrier recombination. The optimized CH3NH3PbI3 films exhibited enhanced crystallinity, excellent carrier transport and injection, as well as suppressed charge recombination. Benefiting from these advantages, PSCs based on the optimized perovskite films delivered a power conversion efficiency of 17.99{\%} and a stabilized power output above 17.30{\%}. This study presents an effective strategy for the fabrication of high-quality, hybrid perovskite films with potential applications in optoelectronic devices.},
annote = {Big grain perovskite},
author = {Wu, Wu-Qiang and Chen, Dehong and McMaster, William A. and Cheng, Yi-Bing and Caruso, Rachel A.},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.7b09822},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/big{\_}grain{\_}perovskite{\_}acsami.7b09822.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {Ostwald ripening,grains,intermediate phase,solar cells,solvent engineering},
month = {sep},
number = {37},
pages = {31959--31967},
pmid = {28876043},
title = {{Solvent-Mediated Intragranular-Coarsening of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Thin Films toward High-Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.7b09822},
volume = {9},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Li2019b,
abstract = {Microwave transduction is a novel research field in gas sensing owing to its simplicity, low cost, passive, and non-contact operations that indicate a huge potential in applications for gas sensing. At present, the study of microwave gas sensors is limited to testing the macroscopic performance of materials. Although the permittivity change of materials is the reason for microwave transduction, the knowledge of the fundamental mechanism is an urgent requirement for boosting the development of microwave gas sensors. In this review, we summarized the presented progresses of microwave gas sensors, including the performance of the different materials and propagative structures, as well as their sensitive signal. We have attempted to explain the sensitive mechanism of these materials, discuss the function of the propagative structure, and analyze the sensitive signal extracted from the parameters of electromagnetic waves. Finally, the challenges in the study of sensitive materials and propagative structures used in microwave gas sensors are analyzed. It is clear from the published literatures that microwave transduction provide a new route for gas detection, and it is expected that commercial manifestation will occur. The future research on microwave gas sensors will continue to exploit their sensitive materials and propagative structure for different applications. The understanding of the microscopic polarization interactions with gases will assist in and guide the fabrication of high-performance microwave gas sensors in the future.},
annote = {frequency dependend dielectric constant},
author = {Li, Fangxin and Zheng, Yangong and Hua, Changzhou and Jian, Jiawen},
doi = {10.3389/fmats.2019.00101},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/fmats-06-00101.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2296-8016},
journal = {Front. Mater.},
keywords = {Electromagnetic wave,Gas sensor,Microwave transduction,Polarization,Propagative structure},
month = {may},
number = {May},
pages = {1--12},
title = {{Gas Sensing by Microwave Transduction: Review of Progress and Challenges}},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmats.2019.00101/full},
volume = {6},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Garrett2017,
abstract = {Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites based on methylammonium lead (MAPbI3) are an emerging material with great potential for high-performance and low-cost photovoltaics. However, for perovskites to become a competitive and reliable solar cell technology their instability and spatial variation must be understood and controlled. While the macroscopic characterization of the devices as a function of time is very informative, a nanoscale identification of their real-time local optoelectronic response is still missing. Here, we implement a four-dimensional imaging method through illuminated heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy to spatially ({\textless}50 nm) and temporally (16 s/scan) resolve the voltage of perovskite solar cells in a low relative humidity environment. Local open-circuit voltage (Voc) images show nanoscale sites with voltage variation {\textgreater}300 mV under 1-sun illumination. Surprisingly, regions of voltage that relax in seconds and after several minutes consistently coexist. Time-dependent changes of the local Voc are likely due to intragrain ion migration and are reversible at low injection level. These results show for the first time the real-time transient behavior of the Voc in perovskite solar cells at the nanoscale. Understanding and controlling the light-induced electrical changes that affect device performance are critical to the further development of stable perovskite-based solar technologies.},
annote = {Interessant TR (Ion Miration aus Review)



Super gut !!!!!!!!!!!!},
author = {Garrett, Joseph L. and Tennyson, Elizabeth M. and Hu, Miao and Huang, Jinsong and Munday, Jeremy N. and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00289},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Garrett et al. - 2017 - Real-Time Nanoscale Open-Circuit Voltage Dynamics of Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15306992},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
keywords = {Perovskite,nanoscale imaging,open-circuit voltage,photovoltaic,solar cells},
number = {4},
pages = {2554--2560},
pmid = {28226210},
title = {{Real-Time Nanoscale Open-Circuit Voltage Dynamics of Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {17},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Smoliner2001,
abstract = {In this work, the physical processes leading to contrast in scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Using a p-type epitaxial doping staircase on silicon, we show that a monotonic dependence of the SCM signal on the doping level is only obtained, if the tip bias is adjusted in a way that the sample is either in accumulation or depletion. In the transition region, the SCM signal is nonmonotonic as a function of doping and depends on the bias. Therefore, any doping concentration can yield a maximum SCM signal size. We also show that this behavior is in agreement with the conventional model of a metal-oxide-semiconductor junction. {\textcopyright} 2001 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Smoliner, J. and Basnar, B. and Golka, S. and Gornik, E. and L{\"{o}}ffler, B. and Schatzmayr, M. and Enichlmair, H.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1415044},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/bias{\_}SCM{\_}3182{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {nov},
number = {19},
pages = {3182--3184},
title = {{Mechanism of bias-dependent contrast in scanning-capacitance-microscopy images}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1415044},
volume = {79},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Kim2020,
abstract = {HfO2 was deposited at 80–250 °C by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), and properties were compared with those obtained by using thermal atomic layer deposition (thermal ALD). The ALD window, i.e., the region where the growth per cycle (GPC) is constant, shifted from high temperatures (150–200 °C) to lower temperatures (80–150 °C) in PEALD. HfO2 deposited at 80 °C by PEALD showed higher density (8.1 g/cm3) than those deposited by thermal ALD (5.3 g/cm3) and a smooth surface (RMS Roughness: 0.2 nm). HfO2 deposited at a low temperature by PEALD showed decreased contaminants compared to thermal ALD deposited HfO2. Values of refractive indices and optical band gap of HfO2 deposited at 80 °C by PEALD (1.9, 5.6 eV) were higher than those obtained by using thermal ALD (1.7, 5.1 eV). Transparency of HfO2 deposited at 80 °C by PEALD on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was high ({\textgreater} 84{\%}). PET deposited above 80 °C was unable to withstand heat and showed deformation. HfO2 deposited at 80 °C by PEALD showed decreased leakage current from 1.4 × 10−2 to 2.5 × 10−5 A/cm2 and increased capacitance of approximately 21{\%} compared to HfO2 using thermal ALD. Consequently, HfO2 deposited at a low temperature by PEALD showed improved properties compared to HfO2 deposited by thermal ALD.},
author = {Kim, Kyoung-Mun and Jang, Jin Sub and Yoon, Soon-Gil and Yun, Ju-Young and Chung, Nak-Kwan},
doi = {10.3390/ma13092008},
issn = {1996-1944},
journal = {Materials (Basel).},
month = {apr},
number = {9},
pages = {2008},
title = {{Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of HfO2 Thin Films Deposited at Low-Temperature Using Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition}},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/9/2008},
volume = {13},
year = {2020}
}
@book{ShenCheca2022b,
address = {Boca Raton},
author = {Shen, Cai},
doi = {10.1201/9781003174042},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Book{\_}Atomic{\_}Force{\_}Microscopy{\_}for{\_}Energy{\_}Research{\_}Ch2{\_}TIBSUBITO-GI202302230244.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781003174042},
issn = {0038092X},
month = {mar},
number = {1},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {CRC Press},
title = {{Atomic Force Microscopy for Energy Research}},
url = {http://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/index.php/JKM/article/view/2203 https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003174042},
volume = {21},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Barrett1991,
abstract = {In this paper we describe a variant of the scanning capacitance microscope (SCaM) which is based on the atomic force microscope. Our SCaM involves a cantilever beam that is used to press a conducting tip against a conducting substrate coated with a dielectric film. A capacitance sensor is then used to measure the tip-sample capacitance as a function of lateral position. The deflection of the cantilever can also be used to measure independently the surface topography. This microscope can be used to measure electrical properties of dielectric films and their underlying substrates. We have applied this microscope to the study of the nitride-oxide-silicon (NOS) system. This system has been studied extensively because of its ability to store information by trapping charge in the silicon nitride. Commercial semiconductor nonvolatile memories have been designed using this NOS technology. We have used the SCaM tip to apply a localized bias to the NOS sample, causing charge to tunnel through the oxide layer and to be trapped in the nitride film. This trapped charge induces a depletion region in the silicon substrate, which can be detected by the resulting depletion capacitance between the tip and sample. The stored charge can be interpreted as a digital memory. Bit sizes as small as 750 {\AA} full width at half maximum have been stored using this technique. The stored charge has been observed to be stable over a period of seven days. The stored charge can be removed by applying a reverse bias to the region, and the bit can be subsequently rewritten. By simultaneously measuring capacitance and topography images, we have demonstrated that the stored information is not the result of any topographic change to the surface. Simulations of the potential distributions resulting from this trapped charge have been performed and are compared with the experiments. Finally, a discussion is presented on the ultimate density and speed limits of such a storage technology.},
annote = {first time SCM based on AFM},
author = {Barrett, R. C. and Quate, C. F.},
doi = {10.1063/1.349388},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.349388.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {2725--2733},
title = {{Charge storage in a nitride‐oxide‐silicon medium by scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.349388},
volume = {70},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Juarez-Perez2014,
author = {Juarez-Perez, Emilio J. and Sanchez, Rafael S and Badia, Laura and Garcia-Belmonte, Germ{\'{a}} and Kang, Yong Soo and Mora-Sero, Ivan and Bisquert, Juan},
doi = {10.1021/jz5011169},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/jz5011169.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {13},
pages = {2390--2394},
title = {{Photoinduced Giant Dielectric Constant in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz5011169},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Guillemet-Fritsch2006,
abstract = {A "soft chemistry"; method, the coprecipitation, has been used to synthesize the perovskite CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCT). Three main types of materials were obtained for both powders and sintered ceramics: a monophased consisting of the pure CCT phase, a biphased (CCT + CaTiO3), and a three-phased (CCT + CaTiO3 + copper oxide (CuO or Cu2O)). These ceramics, sintered at low temperature, 1050 °C, present original dielectric properties. The relative permittivity determined in the temperature range (-150 {\textless} T {\textless} 250 °C) is significantly higher than the one reported in the literature. Internal barrier layer capacitor is the probable mechanism to explain the particular behaviour. Moreover, the presence of a copper oxide phase beside the perovksite CCT plays an important role for enhancing the dielectric properties. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Guillemet-Fritsch, S. and Lebey, T. and Boulos, M. and Durand, B.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.01.055},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/er{\_}CaCu3Ti4O12{\_}1-s2.0-S0955221905001081-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09552219},
journal = {J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.},
keywords = {CaCu3Ti4O12,Capacitors,Dielectric properties,Powders-chemical preparation,Sintering},
month = {jan},
number = {7},
pages = {1245--1257},
title = {{Dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 based multiphased ceramics}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0955221905001081},
volume = {26},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Lee2002,
abstract = {We describe instrumentation for scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM), using an atomic force microscope, that is designed to make calibrated, low frequency measurements of tip–sample capacitance and spreading resistance of thin dielectric films. We also characterize spatial variations in stray capacitance Cstray that must be understood before such measurements can be interpreted. Existing SCM circuits are generally optimized for measuring dC/dV, and not for calibrated low frequency measurements of absolute capacitance. Our circuit uses a commercially available current amplifier and low frequency ({\~{}}5 kHz) lock-in detection. This circuit adds an inverted, constant amplitude current to suppress the stray displacement current from the large ({\~{}}0.5 pF) stray capacitance Cstray between the sample and the mm-sized cantilever–probe assembly. The capacitance noise spectrum is {\~{}}0.35 aF/Hz{\^{}}-1/2 and is flat down to 1 Hz measurement frequency, with an integrated noise {\textless}5 aF integrated over a 1–160 Hz bandwidth. We have also used this instrumentation to identify and characterize significant ({\textgreater}1fF) variations in Cstray that must be understood in order to accurately measure aF-level variations in the nm-scale tip–sample capacitance. We find that Cstray varies with lateral probe position. This is due to tilting of the probe assembly as the piezoelectric scanner tube bends during scanning. We also find that Cstray varies significantly with probe–assembly height. This causes topography related artifacts in capacitance images of rough surfaces. However, we show that stray capacitance artifacts can be mostly eliminated by properly characterizing position and height dependent variations in Cstray and subtracting them from measured capacitance data. {\textcopyright} 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {SCM low frequency, stray capacitance},
author = {Lee, David T. and Pelz, J. P. and Bhushan, Bharat},
doi = {10.1063/1.1505655},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lee, Pelz, Bhushan - 2002 - Instrumentation for direct, low frequency scanning capacitance microscopy, and analysis of position dependen.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {3525--3533},
title = {{Instrumentation for direct, low frequency scanning capacitance microscopy, and analysis of position dependent stray capacitance}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1505655},
volume = {73},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Jahng2015,
abstract = {We perform time-resolved pump-probe microscopy measurements by recording the local force between a sharp tip and the photo-excited sample as a readout mechanism for the material's nonlinear polarization. We show that the photo-induced force is sensitive to the same excited state dynamics as measured in an optical pump-probe experiment. Ultrafast pump-probe force microscopy constitutes a non-optical detection technique with nanoscale resolution that pushes pump-probe sensitivities close to the realm of single molecule studies.},
author = {Jahng, Junghoon and Brocious, Jordan and Fishman, Dmitry A. and Yampolsky, Steven and Nowak, Derek and Huang, Fei and Apkarian, Vartkess A. and Wickramasinghe, H. Kumar and Potma, Eric Olaf},
doi = {10.1063/1.4913853},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4913853.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
number = {8},
title = {{Ultrafast pump-probe force microscopy with nanoscale resolution}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4913853},
volume = {106},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Shafai1994,
author = {Shafai, C. and Thomson, D. J. and Simard‐Normandin, M. and Mattiussi, G. and Scanlon, P. J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.111169},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {jan},
number = {3},
pages = {342--344},
title = {{Delineation of semiconductor doping by scanning resistance microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.111169},
volume = {64},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Xu2014,
abstract = {This work reports on an investigation into interfacial charge transfer in CH{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}NH{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}PbI{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater} perovskite solar cells by using anatase TiO{\textless}inf{\textgreater}2{\textless}/inf{\textgreater} nanocuboids enclosed by active {\{}100{\}} and {\{}001{\}} facets. The devices show 6.0 and 8.0{\%} power conversion efficiency with and without hole-transport material. Transient photovoltage/photocurrent decay and charge extraction, as well as impedance spectroscopy measurements, reveal that carbon materials are effective counter electrodes in perovskite solar cells. The photogenerated charges are observed to be stored in mesoporous TiO{\textless}inf{\textgreater}2{\textless}/inf{\textgreater} film under illumination and in the CH{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}NH{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}PbI{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater} layer in the dark. The use of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) as a hole-transport material accelerates interfacial charge recombination between the photogenerated electrons and holes.},
author = {Xu, Xiaobao and Zhang, Hua and Cao, Kun and Cui, Jin and Lu, Jianfeng and Zeng, Xianwei and Shen, Yan and Wang, Mingkui},
doi = {10.1002/cssc.201402566},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Xu et al. - 2014 - Lead methylammonium triiodide perovskite-based solar cells An interfacial charge-transfer investigation.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18645631},
journal = {ChemSusChem},
keywords = {Carbon,Electrochemistry,Kinetics,Perovskite phases,Solar cells},
month = {nov},
number = {11},
pages = {3088--3094},
pmid = {25213607},
title = {{Lead Methylammonium Triiodide Perovskite-Based Solar Cells: An Interfacial Charge-Transfer Investigation}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cssc.201402566},
volume = {7},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Wadia2009,
author = {Wadia, Cyrus and Alivisatos, A. Paul and Kammen, Daniel M.},
doi = {10.1021/es8019534},
issn = {0013-936X},
journal = {Environ. Sci. Technol.},
month = {mar},
number = {6},
pages = {2072--2077},
title = {{Materials Availability Expands the Opportunity for Large-Scale Photovoltaics Deployment}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es8019534},
volume = {43},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Elayarani2024,
abstract = {The rational construction and design of nanostructured materials have a significant impact on the fabrication of high-performance electrode materials, which have attracted considerable interest in an effort to enhance the reliability and efficiency of energy storage devices. In this study, the $\alpha$-ZnMoO 4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by facile hydrothermal method and the influence of various hydrothermal reaction times on structural, morphological, optical and electrochemical properties were studied. XRD analysis illustrated that $\alpha$-ZnMoO 4 nanoparticles exhibited anorthic crystal structure and the average crystallite size was 42 nm. FESEM images changed from a cubic structure to plate-like structures depending on reaction times. HRTEM analysis revealed that prepared sample showed a plate-like structure and the SAED pattern exhibited a polycrystalline nature. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of vibrational molecules in $\alpha$-ZnMoO 4 nanoparticles. The BET and XPS measurements showed the $\alpha$-ZnMoO 4 nanoparticles were mesoporous and had Zn 2+ and Mo 6+ oxidation states, respectively. From UV–Visible spectra, a better spectral selectivity region was observed at higher reaction times, and the bandgap values were decreased from 2.73 to 2.48 eV. In photocatalytic studies, RhB dye was used as an organic pollutant and achieved a degradation efficiency of 85 {\%} at an optimized reaction time of 24 h. For electrochemical performances, the prepared electrode material showed maximum specific capacitance values of 165 F g −1 and 110 F g −1 for cyclic voltammetry and galvanoststic charge-discharge analysis, respectively.},
author = {Elayarani, Palanisamy and Sumathi, Thiyagarajan and Sivakumar, Ganesan and Pragadeswaran, Selvam and Suthakaran, Selvakumar and Sathiyamurthy, Subbarayan and Seshadhri, Jayasree and Ayyar, Manikandan and Arularasu, Markasagayam Visagamani},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2023-0531},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/10.1515{\_}zpch-2023-0531.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
keywords = {dye degradation,energy storage devices,hydrothermal method,photocatalytic study,$\alpha$-ZnMoO4 nanoparticles},
month = {feb},
pages = {1--24},
title = {{Hydrothermal synthesis of zinc molybdates ($\alpha$-ZnMoO 4 ) nanoparticles and its applications of supercapacitor and photocatalytic performances}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2023-0531 https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2023-0531/html},
year = {2024},
volume = {238},
number = {6},
}
@article{Elsaid2020a,
author = {Elsaid, Khaled and Sayed, Enas Taha and Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali and Mahmoud, Mohamed S. and Ramadan, Mohamad and Olabi, A.G.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jece.2020.104099},
issn = {22133437},
journal = {J. Environ. Chem. Eng.},
month = {oct},
number = {5},
pages = {104099},
title = {{Environmental impact of emerging desalination technologies: A preliminary evaluation}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213343720304474},
volume = {8},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Rodriguez-Ramos2021,
abstract = {The use of atomic force microscopy in nanomechanical measurements requires accurate calibration of the cantilever's spring constant (kc) and the optical lever sensitivity (OLS). The thermal method, based on the cantilever's thermal fluctuations in fluids, allows estimation of kc in a fast, non-invasive mode. However, differences in the cantilever geometry and mounting angle require the knowledge of three correction factors to get a good estimation of kc: the contribution of the oscillation mode to the total amplitude, the shape difference between the free and end-loaded configurations, and the tilt of the cantilever with respect to the measured surface. While the correction factors for traditional rectangular and V-shaped cantilever geometries have been reported, they must be determined for cantilevers with non-traditional geometries and large tips. Here, we develop a method based on finite element analysis to estimate the correction factors of cantilevers with arbitrary geometry and tip dimensions. The method relies on the numerical computation of the effective cantilever mass. The use of the correction factor for rectangular geometries in our model cantilever (PFQNM-LC) will lead to values underestimated by 16{\%}. In contrast, experiments using pre-calibrated cantilevers revealed a maximum uncertainty below 5{\%} in the estimation of the OLS, verifying our approach.},
annote = {calculation of cantuilever???},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {2010.12451},
author = {Rodriguez-Ramos, Jorge and Rico, Felix},
doi = {10.1063/5.0036263},
eprint = {2010.12451},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/5.0036263.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {045001},
pmid = {34243426},
publisher = {AIP Publishing, LLC},
title = {{Determination of calibration parameters of cantilevers of arbitrary shape by finite element analysis}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0036263 https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0036263},
volume = {92},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Baumann2014,
abstract = {We herein perform open circuit voltage decay (OCVD) measurements on methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite solar cells to increase the understanding of the charge carrier recombination dynamics in this emerging technology. Optically pulsed OCVD measurements are conducted on CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells and compared to results from another type of thin-film photovoltaics, namely, the two reference polymerfullerene bulk heterojunction solar cell devices based on P3HT:PC60BM and PTB7:PC70BM blends. We observe two very different time domains of the voltage transient in the perovskite solar cell with a first drop on a short time scale that is similar to the decay in the studied organic solar cells. However, 65{\%}-70{\%} of the maximum photovoltage persists on much longer timescales in the perovskite solar cell than in the organic devices. In addition, we find that the recombination dynamics in all time regimes are dependent on the starting illumination intensity, which is also not observed in the organic devices. We then discuss the potential origins of these unique behaviors. {\textcopyright} 2014 Author(s).},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1406.4276},
author = {Baumann, A. and Tvingstedt, K. and Heiber, M. C. and V{\"{a}}th, S. and Momblona, C. and Bolink, H. J. and Dyakonov, V.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4885255},
eprint = {1406.4276},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baumann et al. - 2014 - Persistent photovoltage in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2166-532X},
journal = {APL Mater.},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {081501},
title = {{Persistent photovoltage in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4885255 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4885255},
volume = {2},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Heo2017a,
abstract = {We report the presence of defects in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , which is one of the main factors that deteriorates the performance of perovskite solar cells.},
author = {Heo, Sung and Seo, Gabseok and Lee, Yonghui and Lee, Dongwook and Seol, Minsu and Lee, Jooho and Park, Jong-Bong and Kim, Kihong and Yun, Dong-Jin and Kim, Yong Su and Shin, Jai Kwang and Ahn, Tae Kyu and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja},
doi = {10.1039/C7EE00303J},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/defects{\_}perovskite{\_}c7ee00303j.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {5},
pages = {1128--1133},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Deep level trapped defect analysis in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells by deep level transient spectroscopy}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7EE00303J},
volume = {10},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Zhang2017,
abstract = {Due to the hygroscopic feature of methylammonium component, it is still a big challenge to prepare efficient perovskite solar cells in ambient air conditions with high relative humidity about 60–80{\%}. In the humid air conditions, it can only obtain the network-like PbI2 films and porous perovskite films with poor surface morphology when utilizing the typical two-step method and usually used precursor solution. Because of the key role of the morphology of PbI2 films in determining the final quality of perovskite films, the first challege is to fabricate high-quality PbI2 films. Later, another challege is how to eliminate the influence of moist air when converting PbI2 films into perovskite films. For overcoming the challenges, a special additive of n-butyl amine is used to prepare full coverage and continuous PbI2 films, and then a low-hydrophilic n-butanol solvent and a novel multi-cycle short-time dipping reaction are used to successfully convert these PbI2 films into high-quality perovskite films with smooth surface and large crystal grains similar as that of the ones prepared with one-step anti-solvent method in glove box. The best performance device based on the high-quality perovskite film achieves an average power conversion efficiency (average of the forward and reverse scans) of 17.56{\%} with slight hysterisis and good reproducibility.},
annote = {(Achtung China!)

ambient air conditions f{\"{u}}r die Herstellung?

Was ist das?},
author = {Zhang, Lei and Zhang, Xuezhen and Yu, Yang and Xu, Xiaoxia and Tang, Jie and He, Xin and Wu, Jihuai and Lan, Zhang},
doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.039},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhang et al. - 2017 - Efficient planar perovskite solar cells based on high-quality perovskite films with smooth surface and large cryst.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0038092X},
journal = {Sol. Energy},
keywords = {Ambient air condition,Anti-humidity fabrication protocol,Multi-cycle short-time dipping reaction,Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell},
pages = {942--950},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Efficient planar perovskite solar cells based on high-quality perovskite films with smooth surface and large crystal grains fabricated in ambient air conditions}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.039},
volume = {155},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Pazoki2017,
abstract = {Lead halide perovskites have a range of spectacular properties and interesting phenomena and are a serious candidate for the next generation of photovoltaics with high efficiencies and low fabrication costs. An interesting phenomenon is the anomalous hysteresis often seen in current-voltage scans, which complicates accurate performance measurements but has also been explored to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the device physics. Herein, we demonstrate a wavelength and illumination intensity dependency of the hysteresis in state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells with 18{\%} power conversion efficiency (PCE), which gives new insights into ion migration. The perovskite devices show lower hysteresis under illumination with near band edge (red) wavelengths compared to more energetic (blue) excitation. This can be rationalized with thermalization-assisted ion movement or thermalization-assisted vacancy generation. These explanations are supported by the dependency of the photovoltage decay with illumination time and excitation wavelength, as well as by impedance spectroscopy. The suggested mechanism is that high-energy photons create hot charge carriers that either through thermalization can create additional vacancies or by release of more energetic phonons play a role in overcoming the activation energy for ion movement. The excitation wavelength dependency of the hysteresis presented here gives valuable insights into the photophysics of the lead halide perovskite solar cells.},
author = {Pazoki, Meysam and Jacobsson, T. Jesper and Cruz, Silver H. T. and Johansson, Malin B. and Imani, Roghayeh and Kullgren, Jolla and Hagfeldt, Anders and Johansson, Erik M. J. and Edvinsson, Tomas and Boschloo, Gerrit},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06775},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pazoki et al. - 2017 - Photon Energy-Dependent Hysteresis Effects in Lead Halide Perovskite Materials.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2618026187},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {nov},
number = {47},
pages = {26180--26187},
title = {{Photon Energy-Dependent Hysteresis Effects in Lead Halide Perovskite Materials}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06775},
volume = {121},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Wei2017,
abstract = {Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials exhibit a variety of physical properties. Pronounced coupling between phonon, organic cations, and the inorganic framework suggest that these materials exhibit strong light–matter interactions. The photoinduced strain of CH3NH3PbBr3 is investigated using high-resolution and contactless in situ Raman spectroscopy. Under illumination, the material exhibits large blue shifts in its Raman spectra that indicate significant structural deformations (i.e., photostriction). From these shifts, the photostrictive coefficient of CH3NH3PbBr3 is calculated as 2.08 × 10−8 m2 W−1 at room temperature under visible light illumination. The significant photostriction of CH3NH3PbBr3 is attributed to a combination of the photovoltaic effect and translational symmetry loss of the molecular configuration via strong translation–rotation coupling. Unlike CH3NH3PbI3, it is noted that the photostriction of CH3NH3PbBr3 is extremely stable, demonstrating no signs of optical decay for at least 30 d. These results suggest the potential of CH3NH3PbBr3 for applications in next-generation optical micro-electromechanical devices.},
annote = {Photostriction in MAPBr},
author = {Wei, Tzu Chiao and Wang, Hsin Ping and Li, Ting You and Lin, Chun Ho and Hsieh, Ying Hui and Chu, Ying Hao and He, Jr Hau},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201701789},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wei et al. - 2017 - Photostriction of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystals.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15214095},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {CH3NH3PbBr3,Raman,perovskites,photostriction},
number = {35},
pages = {1--9},
pmid = {28715093},
title = {{Photostriction of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystals}},
volume = {29},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Hochwitz1996Two,
abstract = {A force‐based scanning Kelvin probe microscope has been applied to the problem of dopant profiling in silicon. Initial data analysis assumed the detected electrostatic force couples the sample and only the tip at the end of a force sensing cantilever. Attempts to compare measurements quantitatively against device structures with this simple model failed. A significant contribution arises from the electrostatic force between the sample and the entire cantilever, which depends strongly upon the relative size of the tip, cantilever, and lateral inhomogeneities in the surfacetopography and material composition of the sample. Actual and simulated measurements which demonstrate the characteristic signature of this effect are presented.},
author = {Hochwitz, Todd},
doi = {10.1116/1.588494},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}KPFM{\_}1.588494.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734211X},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {457},
title = {{Capacitive effects on quantitative dopant profiling with scanned electrostatic force microscopes}},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/14/1/10.1116/1.588494},
volume = {14},
year = {1996}
}
@phdthesis{LacasaPhD2018,
author = {Lacasa, Jes{\'{u}}s S{\'{a}}nchez},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PhD{\_}Jaime{\_}Colchero{\_}jsl{\_}tesis{\_}tribunal.pdf:pdf},
pages = {101},
school = {UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA},
title = {{MULTIDIMENSIONAL FORCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR NANOSCALE CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROSTATIC AND DISPERSION INTERACTIONS}},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Albrecht1991,
abstract = {A new frequency modulation (FM) technique has been demonstrated which enhances the sensitivity of attractive mode force microscopy by an order of magnitude or more. Increased sensitivity is made possible by operating in a moderate vacuum ({\textless}10-3 Torr), which increases the Q of the vibrating cantilever. In the FM technique, the cantilever serves as the frequency determining element of an oscillator. Force gradients acting on the cantilever cause instantaneous frequency modulation of the oscillator output, which is demodulated with a FM detector. Unlike conventional "slope detection," the FM technique offers increased sensitivity through increased Q without restricting system bandwidth. Experimental comparisons of FM detection in vacuum (Q∼50 000) versus slope detection in air (Q∼100) demonstrated an improvement of more than 10 times in sensitivity for a fixed bandwidth. This improvement is evident in images of magnetic transitions on a thin-film CoPtCr magnetic disk. In the future, the increased sensitivity offered by this technique should extend the range of problems accessible by force microscopy.},
annote = {Erfinder FM-AFM},
author = {Albrecht, T. R. and Gr{\"{u}}tter, P. and Horne, D. and Rugar, D.},
doi = {10.1063/1.347347},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Albrecht et al. - 1991 - Frequency modulation detection using high-Q cantilevers for enhanced force microscope sensitivity.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00218979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
number = {2},
pages = {668--673},
title = {{Frequency modulation detection using high-Q cantilevers for enhanced force microscope sensitivity}},
volume = {69},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Collins2017,
abstract = {Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers unparalleled insight into structure and material functionality across nanometer length scales. However, the spatial resolution afforded by the AFM tip is counterpoised by slow detection speeds compared to other common microscopy techniques (e.g., optical, scanning electron microscopy, etc.). In this work, we develop an ultrafast AFM imaging approach allowing direct reconstruction of the tip-sample forces with ∼3 order of magnitude higher time resolution than is achievable using standard AFM detection methods. Fast free force recovery (F3R) overcomes the widely viewed temporal bottleneck in AFM, that is, the mechanical bandwidth of the cantilever, enabling time-resolved imaging at sub-bandwidth speeds. We demonstrate quantitative recovery of electrostatic forces with ∼10 $\mu$s temporal resolution, free from influences of the cantilever ring-down. We further apply the F3R method to Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements. F3R-KPFM is an open loop imaging approach (i.e., no bias feedback), allowing ultrafast surface potential measurements (e.g., {\textless}20 $\mu$s) to be performed at regular KPFM scan speeds. F3R-KPFM is demonstrated for exploration of ion migration in organometallic halide perovskite materials and shown to allow spatiotemporal imaging of positively charged ion migration under applied electric field, as well as subsequent formation of accumulated charges at the perovskite/electrode interface. In this work, we demonstrate quantitative F3R-KPFM measurements - however, we fully expect the F3R approach to be valid for all modes of noncontact AFM operation, including noninvasive probing of ultrafast electrical and magnetic dynamics.},
annote = {Fast TR Methode

Fast Force Methode vielleicht f{\"{u}}r neues AFM?

mehrere methoden werden vorgestellt},
author = {Collins, Liam and Ahmadi, Mahshid and Wu, Ting and Hu, Bin and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Jesse, Stephen},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.7b02114},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Collins et al. - 2017 - Breaking the Time Barrier in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Fast Free Force Reconstruction Using the G-Mode Platf.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1936-0851},
journal = {ACS Nano},
keywords = {atomic force microscopy,ion migration,perovskite solar cells,time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy,ultrafast AFM},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {8717--8729},
pmid = {28780850},
title = {{Breaking the Time Barrier in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Fast Free Force Reconstruction Using the G-Mode Platform}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.7b02114},
volume = {11},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Yan2023,
author = {Yan, Yiyi and Kilchytska, Valeriya and Flandre, Denis and Raskin, Jean-Pierre},
doi = {10.1016/j.sse.2023.108675},
issn = {00381101},
journal = {Solid. State. Electron.},
month = {sep},
pages = {108675},
title = {{Analysis of trap distribution and NBTI degradation in Al2O3/SiO2 dielectric stack}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038110123000886},
volume = {207},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Hermes2018,
abstract = {Charge-selective contact layers in perovskite solar cells influence the current density-voltage hysteresis, an effect related to ion migration in the perovskite. As such, fullerene-based electron transport layers (ETLs) suppress hysteresis by reducing the mobile ion concentration. However, the impact of different ETLs on the electronic properties of other constituent device layers remains unclear. In this Kelvin probe force microscopy study, we compared potential distributions of methylammonium lead iodide-based solar cells with two ETLs (planar TiO2 and C60-functionalized self-assembled monolayer) with different hysteretic behavior. We found significant changes in the potential distribution of the organic hole transport layer spiroMeOTAD, suggesting the formation of a neutral spiroMeOTAD/iodide interface due to a reaction between iodide with p-doped spiroMeOTAD in the TiO2 cell. Our results show that the ETL affects not only the mobile ion concentration and the recombination at the perovskite/ETL interface but also the resistance and capacitance of the spiroMeOTAD.},
author = {Hermes, Ilka M. and Hou, Yi and Bergmann, Victor W. and Brabec, Christoph J. and Weber, Stefan A. L.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02824},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.jpclett.8b02824.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {nov},
number = {21},
pages = {6249--6256},
pmid = {30256640},
title = {{The Interplay of Contact Layers: How the Electron Transport Layer Influences Interfacial Recombination and Hole Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02824},
volume = {9},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Gharibzadeh2021a,
abstract = {We present a dual passivation approach for p–i–n perovskite solar cells using phenethylammonium chloride that simultaneously passivates defects at the grain boundaries and the perovskite/C 60 interface, thus substantially enhancing both V OC and FF. Advancing inverted (p–i–n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is key to further enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of flexible and perovskite-based tandem photovoltaics. Yet, the presence of defects at grain boundaries and in particular interfacial recombination at the perovskite/electron transporting layer interface induce severe non-radiative recombination losses, limiting the open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) and fill factor (FF) of PSCs in this architecture. In this work, we introduce a dual passivation strategy using the long chain alkylammonium salt phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) both as an additive and for surface treatment to simultaneously passivate the grain boundaries and the perovskite/C 60 interface. Using [2-(9 H -carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) as a hole transporting layer and a methylammonium (MA)-free Cs 0.18 FA 0.82 PbI 3 perovskite absorber with a bandgap of ∼1.57 eV, prolonged charge carrier lifetime and an on average 63 meV enhanced internal quasi-Fermi level splitting are achieved upon dual passivation compared to reference p–i–n PSCs. Thereby, we achieve one of the highest PCEs for p–i–n PSCs of 22.7{\%} (stabilized at 22.3{\%}) by advancing simultaneously the V OC and FF up to 1.162 V and 83.2{\%}, respectively. Using a variety of experimental techniques, we attribute the positive effects to the formation of a heterogeneous 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (PEA) 2 (Cs 1− x FA x ) n −1 Pb n (I 1− y Cl y ) 3 n +1 phase at the grain boundaries and surface of the perovskite films. At the same time, the activation energy for ion migration is significantly increased, resulting in enhanced stability of the PSCs under light, humidity, and thermal stress. The presented dual passivation strategy highlights the importance of defect management both in the grain boundaries and the surface of the perovskite absorber layer using a proper passivation material to achieve both highly efficient and stable inverted p–i–n PSCs.},
author = {Gharibzadeh, Saba and Fassl, Paul and Hossain, Ihteaz M. and Rohrbeck, Pascal and Frericks, Markus and Schmidt, Moritz and Duong, The and Khan, Motiur Rahman and Abzieher, Tobias and Nejand, Bahram Abdollahi and Schackmar, Fabian and Almora, Osbel and Feeney, Thomas and Singh, Roja and Fuchs, Dirk and Lemmer, Uli and Hofmann, Jan P. and Weber, Stefan A. L. and Paetzold, Ulrich W.},
doi = {10.1039/d1ee01508g},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SI{\_}d1ee01508g1 (1).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {11},
pages = {5875--5893},
title = {{SI: Two birds with one stone: dual grain-boundary and interface passivation enables {\textgreater}22{\%} efficient inverted methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells}},
volume = {14},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Yadavalli2020,
author = {Yadavalli, Srinivas K. and Chen, Min and Hu, Mingyu and Dai, Zhenghong and Zhou, Yuanyuan and Padture, Nitin P.},
doi = {10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.05.062},
issn = {13596462},
journal = {Scr. Mater.},
month = {oct},
pages = {88--92},
title = {{Electron-beam-induced cracking in organic-inorganic halide perovskite thin films}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359646220303511},
volume = {187},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bazant2004,
abstract = {The response of a model microelectrochemical system to a time-dependent applied voltage is analyzed. The article begins with a fresh historical review including electrochemistry, colloidal science, and microfluidics. The model problem consists of a symmetric binary electrolyte between parallel-plate blocking electrodes, which suddenly apply a voltage. Compact Stern layers on the electrodes are also taken into account. The Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations are first linearized and solved by Laplace transforms for small voltages, and numerical solutions are obtained for large voltages. The “weakly nonlinear” limit of thin double layers is then analyzed by matched asymptotic expansions in the small parameter [Formula presented], where [Formula presented] is the screening length and [Formula presented] the electrode separation. At leading order, the system initially behaves like an [Formula presented] circuit with a response time of [Formula presented] (not [Formula presented]), where [Formula presented] is the ionic diffusivity, but nonlinearity violates this common picture and introduces multiple time scales. The charging process slows down, and neutral-salt adsorption by the diffuse part of the double layer couples to bulk diffusion at the time scale, [Formula presented]. In the “strongly nonlinear” regime (controlled by a dimensionless parameter resembling the Dukhin number), this effect produces bulk concentration gradients, and, at very large voltages, transient space charge. The article concludes with an overview of more general situations involving surface conduction, multicomponent electrolytes, and Faradaic processes. {\textcopyright} 2004 The American Physical Society.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {cond-mat/0401118},
author = {Bazant, Martin Z. and Thornton, Katsuyo and Ajdari, Armand},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.70.021506},
eprint = {0401118},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bazant, Thornton, Ajdari - 2004 - Diffuse-charge dynamics in electrochemical systems.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1063651X},
journal = {Phys. Rev. E - Stat. Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, Relat. Interdiscip. Top.},
number = {2},
pages = {24},
primaryClass = {cond-mat},
title = {{Diffuse-charge dynamics in electrochemical systems}},
volume = {70},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Wang2020c,
author = {Wang, Lu and Sofer, Zdenek and Pumera, Martin},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.9b00184},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/acsnano.9b00184.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1936-0851},
journal = {ACS Nano},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {21--25},
pmid = {31934742},
title = {{Will Any Crap We Put into Graphene Increase Its Electrocatalytic Effect?}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.9b00184},
volume = {14},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Saliba2018,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies for highly efficient and cost-effective solar energy production. In only a few years, an unprecedented progression of preparation procedures and material compositions delivered lab-scale devices that have now reached record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) higher than 20{\%}, competing with most established solar cell materials such as silicon, CIGS, and CdTe. However, despite a large number of researchers currently involved in this topic, only a few groups in the world can reproduce {\textgreater}20{\%} efficiencies on a regular n-i-p architecture. In this work, we present detailed protocols for preparing PSCs in regular (n-i-p) and inverted (p-i-n) architectures with ≥20{\%} PCE. We aim to provide a comprehensive, reproducible description of our device fabrication protocols. We encourage the practice of reporting detailed and transparent protocols that can be more easily reproduced by other laboratories. A better reporting standard may, in turn, accelerate the development of perovskite solar cells and related research fields.},
author = {Saliba, Michael and Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo and Wolff, Christian M. and Stolterfoht, Martin and Phung, Nga and Albrecht, Steve and Neher, Dieter and Abate, Antonio},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00136},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.chemmater.8b00136.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0897-4756},
journal = {Chem. Mater.},
month = {jul},
number = {13},
pages = {4193--4201},
title = {{How to Make over 20{\%} Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells in Regular ( n–i–p ) and Inverted ( p–i–n ) Architectures}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00136},
volume = {30},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Aubriet2022,
abstract = {In this work, we use pump-probe Kelvin probe force microscopy (pp-KPFM) in combination with non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) under ultrahigh vacuum, to investigate the nature of the light-induced surface potential dynamics in alumina-passivated crystalline silicon, and in an organic bulk heterojunction thin film based on the PTB7-PC 71 BM tandem. In both cases, we demonstrate that it is possible to identify and separate the contributions of two different kinds of photo-induced charge distributions that give rise to potential shifts with opposite polarities, each characterized by different dynamics. The data acquired on the passivated crystalline silicon are shown to be fully consistent with the band-bending at the silicon-oxide interface, and with electron trapping processes in acceptors states and in the passivation layer. The full sequence of events that follow the electron–hole generation can be observed on the pp-KPFM curves, i.e. the carriers spatial separation and hole accumulation in the space charge area, the electron trapping, the electron–hole recombination, and finally the electron trap-release. Two dimensional dynamical maps of the organic blend photo-response are obtained by recording the pump-probe KPFM curves in data cube mode, and by implementing a specific batch processing protocol. Sample areas displaying an extra positive SPV component characterized by decay time-constants of a few tens of microseconds are thus revealed, and are tentatively attributed to specific interfaces formed between a polymer-enriched skin layer and recessed acceptor aggregates. Decay time constant images of the negative SPV component confirm that the acceptor clusters act as electron-trapping centres. Whatever the photovoltaic technology, our results exemplify how some of the SPV components may remain completely hidden to conventional SPV imaging by KPFM, with possible consequences in terms of photo-response misinterpretation. This work furthermore highlights the need of implementing time-resolved techniques that can provide a quantitative measurement of the time-resolved potential.},
annote = {tr-KPFM

revison fromtr-KPFM paper},
author = {Aubriet, Valentin and Courouble, Kristell and Bardagot, Olivier and Demadrille, Renaud and Borowik, {\L}ukasz and Gr{\'{e}}vin, Benjamin},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6528/ac5542},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/tr{\_}KPFM{\_}Aubriet{\_}2022{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}33{\_}225401.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,crystalline silicon,organic photovoltaics,photo-carrier dynamics,surface passivation,surface photovoltage,time-resolved measurements},
month = {may},
number = {22},
pages = {225401},
pmid = {35168229},
title = {{Hidden surface photovoltages revealed by pump probe KPFM}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5542},
volume = {33},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Zu2019,
abstract = {The tremendous success of metal-halide perovskites, especially in the field of photovoltaics, has triggered a substantial number of studies in understanding their optoelectronic properties. However, consensus regarding the electronic properties of these perovskites is lacking due to a huge scatter in the reported key parameters, such as work function ($\phi$) and valence band maximum (VBM) values. Here, we demonstrate that the surface photovoltage (SPV) is a key phenomenon occurring at the perovskite surfaces that feature a non-negligible density of surface states, which is more the rule than an exception for most materials under study. With ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and Kelvin probe, we evidence that even minute UV photon fluxes (500 times lower than that used in typical UPS experiments) are sufficient to induce SPV and shift the perovskite $\phi$ and VBM by several 100 meV compared to dark. By combining UV and visible light, we establish flat band conditions (i.e., compensate the surface-state-induced surface band bending) at the surface of four important perovskites, and find that all are p-type in the bulk, despite a pronounced n-type surface character in the dark. The present findings highlight that SPV effects must be considered in all surface studies to fully understand perovskites' photophysical properties.},
author = {Zu, Fengshuo and Wolff, Christian M. and Ralaiarisoa, Maryline and Amsalem, Patrick and Neher, Dieter and Koch, Norbert},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.9b05293},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}acsami.9b05293.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {Kelvin probe,lead halide perovskite films,surface band bending,surface photovoltage,surface states,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy},
month = {jun},
number = {24},
pages = {21578--21583},
pmid = {31124647},
title = {{Unraveling the Electronic Properties of Lead Halide Perovskites with Surface Photovoltage in Photoemission Studies}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b05293},
volume = {11},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Collins2014,
abstract = {Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful technique for the determination of the contact potential difference (CPD) between an atomic force microscope tip and a sample under ambient and vacuum conditions. However, for many energy storage and conversion systems, including graphene-based electrochemical capacitors, understanding electrochemical phenomena at the solid–liquid interface is paramount. Despite the vast potential to provide fundamental insight for energy storage materials at the nanoscale, KPFM has found limited applicability in liquid environments to date. Here, using dual harmonic (DH)-KPFM, we demonstrate CPD imaging of graphene in liquid. We find good agreement with measurements performed in air, highlighting the potential of DH-KPFM to probe electrochemistry at the graphene–liquid interface.},
author = {Collins, Liam and Kilpatrick, Jason I. and Vlassiouk, Ivan V. and Tselev, Alexander and Weber, Stefan A. L. and Jesse, Stephen and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Rodriguez, Brian J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4870074},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4870074.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {13},
pages = {133103},
title = {{Dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy at the graphene–liquid interface}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4870074 https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/104/13/133103/23977/Dual-harmonic-Kelvin-probe-force-microscopy-at-the},
volume = {104},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Moghadamzadeh2021,
abstract = {Narrow-band gap (NBG) Sn-Pb perovskites with band gaps of ∼1.2 eV, which correspond to a broad photon absorption range up to ∼1033 nm, are highly promising candidates for bottom solar cells in all-perovskite tandem photovoltaics. To exploit their potential, avoiding optical losses in the top layer stacks of the tandem configuration is essential. This study addresses this challenge in two ways (1) removing the hole-transport layer (HTL) and (2) implementing highly transparent hydrogen-doped indium oxide In2O3:H (IO:H) electrodes instead of the commonly used indium tin oxide (ITO). Removing HTL reduces parasitic absorption loss in shorter wavelengths without compromising the photovoltaic performance. IO:H, with an ultra-low near-infrared optical loss and a high charge carrier mobility, results in a remarkable increase in the photocurrent of the semitransparent top and (HTL-free) NBG bottom perovskite solar cells when substituted for ITO. As a result, an IO:H-based four-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell (4T all-PTSCs) with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 24.8{\%} is demonstrated, outperforming ITO-based 4T all-PTSCs with PCE up to 23.3{\%}.},
author = {Moghadamzadeh, Somayeh and Hossain, Ihteaz M. and Loy, Moritz and Ritzer, David Benedikt and Hu, Hang and Hauschild, Dirk and Mertens, Adrian and Becker, Jan-Philipp and Haghighirad, Amir A. and Ahlswede, Erik and Weinhardt, Lothar and Lemmer, Uli and Nejand, Bahram Abdollahi and Paetzold, Ulrich W.},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.1c06457},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Tandem{\_}Perovskite{\_}Cell{\_}acsami.1c06457.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {IO:H transparent electrodes,all-perovskite tandem,low-band gap,narrow-band gap,parasitic absorption,perovskite solar cells,perovskite−perovskite tandem},
month = {oct},
number = {39},
pages = {46488--46498},
pmid = {34551256},
title = {{In 2 O 3 :H-Based Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Tin/Lead Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Four-Terminal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.1c06457},
volume = {13},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Colchero2001,
abstract = {The electrostatic interaction between a model probe and a sample in a scanning probe microscope is analyzed. A simple model for a real experimental setup is proposed and solved by means of an appropriate approximation. In addition, a quantitative definition for resolution is presented. We find that generally the total force between tip and sample is dominated by contributions which are not confined to a nanometer-sized region under the tip apex. From our analysis we conclude that such a confinement is only obtained either with specially designed probes or by using the force gradient as signal source. We show that reliable experimental data acquired by local Kelvin probe microscopy can only be obtained if these considerations are taken into account. Finally, we propose an experimental setup which optimizes resolution and gives the correct local surface potential in the case of Kelvin probe microscopy. {\textcopyright} 2001 The American Physical Society.},
annote = {Argumentation Axt [20]

correct model of capacitance with truncated cone and spherical tip from (Gil2003)},
author = {Colchero, J. and Gil, A. and Bar{\'{o}}, A. M.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.64.245403},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Colchero, Gil, Bar{\'{o}} - 2001 - Resolution enhancement and improved data interpretation in electrostatic force microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {nov},
number = {24},
pages = {245403},
title = {{Resolution enhancement and improved data interpretation in electrostatic force microscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.245403},
volume = {64},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Shao2017,
abstract = {The mechanism behind the temperature dependence of the device performance in hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) is investigated systematically. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the reference cell using [60]PCBM as electron extraction layer (EEL) drops significantly from 11.9{\%} at 295 K to 7{\%} at 180 K. The deteriorated charge carrier extraction is found as the dominant factor causing this degradation. Temperature dependent spectroscopy and charge transport studies demonstrate that the poor electron transport in the [60]PCBM EEL at low temperature leads to inefficient charge carrier extraction. It is further demonstrated that the n-type doping of [60]PCBM EEL or the use of an EEL (fulleropyrrolidine with a triethylene glycol monoethyl ether side chain) with higher electron transport capability is an effective strategy to achieve HPSCs working efficiently over a broad temperature range. The devices fabricated with these highly performing EELs have PCEs at 180 K of 16.7{\%} and 18.2{\%}, respectively. These results support the idea that the temperature dependence of the electron transport in the EELs limits the device performance in HPSCs, especially at lower temperatures and they also give directions toward further improvement of the PCE of HPSCs at realistic operating temperatures.},
author = {Shao, Shuyan and Liu, Jian and Fang, Hong-Hua and Qiu, Li and ten Brink, Gert H. and Hummelen, Jan C. and Koster, L. Jan Anton and Loi, Maria Antonietta},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201701305},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}Charge{\_}Extraction{\_}Advanced Energy Materials - 2017 - Shao - Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells over a Broad Temperature Window  The Role of the.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {charge extraction,electron transport layer,n-type doping,perovskite solar cells,temperature dependent},
month = {nov},
number = {22},
pages = {1701305},
title = {{Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells over a Broad Temperature Window: The Role of the Charge Carrier Extraction}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201701305},
volume = {7},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Jin2023,
abstract = {High‐$\kappa$ materials that exhibit large permittivity and band gaps are needed as gate dielectrics to enhance capacitance and prevent leakage current in downsized technology nodes. Among these, monoclinic ZrO 2 (m‐ZrO 2 ) shows good potential because of its inertness and high‐$\kappa$ with respect to SiO 2 , but a method to produce ultrathin single crystal is lacking. Here, the controllable preparation of ultrathin m‐ZrO 2 single crystals via the in situ thermal oxidation of ZrS 2 is achieved. As‐grown m‐ZrO 2 presents an equivalent oxide thickness of ≈0.29 nm, a high dielectric constant of ≈19, and a breakdown voltage ( E BD ) of ≈7.22 MV cm −1 . MoS 2 field effect transistor (FET) by using m‐ZrO 2 as a dielectric layer shows comparable mobility to that using SiO 2 dielectric. The ultraclean interface of m‐ZrO 2 /MoS 2 and high crystalline quality of m‐ZrO 2 lead to negligible hysteresis in transfer curves. Single crystal m‐ZrO 2 dielectric shows potential application in digital complementary metal oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) logic FET.},
author = {Jin, Yuanyuan and Sun, Jian and Zhang, Ling and Yang, Junqiang and Wu, Yangwu and You, Bingying and Liu, Xiao and Leng, Kai and Liu, Song},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202212079},
issn = {0935-9648},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
month = {may},
number = {18},
pages = {2212079},
title = {{Controllable Oxidation of ZrS 2 to Prepare High‐$\kappa$, Single‐Crystal m‐ZrO 2 for 2D Electronics}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202212079},
volume = {35},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Prochowicz2019a,
abstract = {Engineering the chemical composition of inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite materials is an effective strategy to boost the performance and operational stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among the diverse family of ABX3 perovskites, methylammonium-free mixed A-site cation CsxFA1-xPbI3 perovskites appear as attractive light-absorber materials because of their optimum band gap, superior optoelectronic property, and good thermal stability. Here, we develop a simple and very effective one-step solution method for the preparation of high-quality (Cs)x(FA)1-xPbI3 perovskite films upon the addition of excess CsCl to the FAPbI3 precursor solution. It is found that the addition of CsCl as a source of Cs cation instead of relevant addition of CsI to the parent perovskite solution increases effectively the grain size and film quality leading to improved charge mobility, reduced carrier recombination, and long carrier lifetime. The resultant mesoscopic perovskite devices exhibit a maximum efficiency of 20.60{\%} with a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 19.85{\%} and lower hysteresis compared to the reference device. This performance is among the highest reported for PSC devices incorporating mixed cation (Cs)x(FA)1-xPbI3 perovskites.},
author = {Prochowicz, Daniel and Runjhun, Rashmi and Tavakoli, Mohammad Mahdi and Yadav, Pankaj and Saski, Marcin and Alanazi, Anwar Q. and Kubicki, Dominik J. and Kaszkur, Zbigniew and Zakeeruddin, Shaik M. and Lewi{\'{n}}ski, Janusz and Gr{\"{a}}tzel, Michael},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04871},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.chemmater.8b04871.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0897-4756},
journal = {Chem. Mater.},
month = {mar},
number = {5},
pages = {1620--1627},
title = {{Engineering of Perovskite Materials Based on Formamidinium and Cesium Hybridization for High-Efficiency Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04871},
volume = {31},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Biberger2010,
abstract = {This study introduces a novel method to measure C(V) characteristics of local MOS structures based on scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques. The new method operates in intermittent-contact (IC) mode and combines both the advantages of contact mode C(V) spectroscopy and intermittent-contact scanning capacitance microscopy. As a consequence, on the one hand dopant concentration and dopant type can be indicated simultaneously, on the other hand tip wear is reduced significantly. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
annote = {IC-SCM

Mischung aus IC-SCM und SCS
Funktionsweise der Signalverwerter usw.},
author = {Biberger, Roland and Benstetter, Guenther and Goebel, Holger and Hofer, Alexander},
doi = {10.1016/j.microrel.2010.07.052},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Biberger et al. - 2010 - Intermittent-contact capacitance spectroscopy - A new method for determining C(V) curves with sub-micron latera.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00262714},
journal = {Microelectron. Reliab.},
month = {sep},
number = {9-11},
pages = {1511--1513},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Intermittent-contact capacitance spectroscopy – A new method for determining C(V) curves with sub-micron lateral resolution}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2010.07.052 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0026271410003252},
volume = {50},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Kokavecz2008,
abstract = {Microcantilever beams are versatile force sensors used for, among others, microaccelerometry, microelectromechanical systems, and surface force measurements, the most prominent application being atomic force microscopic imaging and force spectroscopy. Bending of the cantilever is used for simple force measurements, while changes in the amplitude or frequency of the fundamental resonance are used to detect small interaction forces or brief perturbations. Spring constants needed for quantitative measurements are determined by "reversing" the force measurements, using either Hooke's law or the oscillation of the beam. The equality of the Hookian and the oscillating spring constant is generally assumed; however, consistent differences in experimental results suggest otherwise. In this work, we introduce a theoretical formula to describe the relationship between these two spring constants for an Euler-Bernoulli beam. We show that the two spring constants are not equal, although the percentage difference stays in the range of a single digit. We derive a general formula for the determination of effective spring constants of arbitrary eigenmodes of the cantilever beam. We demonstrate that all overtones can be treated with a linear spring - effective mass approach, where the mass remains the same for higher eigenmodes. {\textcopyright} 2008 The American Physical Society.},
author = {Kokavecz, J. and Mechler, A.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.78.172101},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PhysRevB.78.172101.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1098-0121},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {nov},
number = {17},
pages = {172101},
title = {{Spring constant of microcantilevers in fundamental and higher eigenmodes}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.172101},
volume = {78},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Raineri2001,
abstract = {Scanning capacitance microscopy is a powerful technique to determine carrier distribution in semiconductors with high sensitivity (1014 - 1020 cm-3). We demonstrate that its spatial resolution (nearly 10 nm) can be improved in the two dimensions (depth and lateral) by double angle bevelling the sample. In this paper sample preparation, measurement method and carrier profiling are carefully described and some examples of applications to materials and Si devices are given.},
author = {Raineri, Vito and Giannazzo, Filippo},
doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.78-79.425},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SSP.78-79.425.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1662-9779},
journal = {Solid State Phenom.},
keywords = {Carrier profiling,Scanning capacitance microscopy,Two-dimensional characterisation},
month = {apr},
pages = {425--0},
title = {{Scanning Capacitance Microscopy on Semiconductor Materials}},
url = {https://www.scientific.net/SSP.78-79.425},
volume = {78-79},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Luo2022,
abstract = {Recently, great advances had been made by using scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to quantify the relative permittivity of thin film materials on a nanometer scale. The imaging techniques of permittivity for thin film materials with SPM, especially for photoelectric materials, have not been fully researched until now. Here, we presented a method to image permittivity of thin film materials by using a scanning capacitance microscope (SCM). This method combined the quantitative measurement by using SCM with the capacitance gradient–distance fitting curve to obtain the two-dimensional (2D) permittivity image at room temperature under atmospheric conditions. For the demonstration, a 2D permittivity image of film of molybdenum oxide (MoO3), a kind of photoelectric material, was acquired. From the image, it could be found that the average values of permittivity of MoO3 film and of MoO3 film-doped NaCl were about 8.0 and 9.5, respectively. The experimental results were quantitatively consistent with other experimental results of the same material. The reported technique here could provide a novel method for imaging the relative permittivity with nanometer resolution and be helpful for the study of photoelectric materials.},
author = {Luo, Yongzhen and Ding, Xidong and Chen, Tianci and Lin, Guocong and Su, Tao and Chen, Dihu},
doi = {10.3390/app122311979},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/applsci-12-11979-with-cover.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2076-3417},
journal = {Appl. Sci.},
keywords = {imaging techniques,relative permittivity,scanning capacitance microscopy,thin film materials},
month = {nov},
number = {23},
pages = {11979},
title = {{Imaging the Permittivity of Thin Film Materials by Using Scanning Capacitance Microscopy}},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/23/11979},
volume = {12},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Grevin2020,
abstract = {An implementation of pump–probe Kelvin probe force microscopy (pp-KPFM) is reported that enables recording the time-resolved surface potential in single-point mode or over a 2D grid. The spectroscopic data are acquired in open z -loop configuration, which simplifies the pp-KPFM operation. The validity of the implementation is probed by measurements using electrical pumping. The dynamical photoresponse of a bulk heterojunction solar cell based on PTB7 and PC 71 BM is subsequently investigated by recording point-spectroscopy curves as a function of the optical power at the cathode and by mapping 2D time-resolved images of the surface photovoltage of the bare organic active layer.},
annote = {more easy pump probe approach to explain in Berlin},
author = {Gr{\'{e}}vin, Benjamin and Bardagot, Olivier and Demadrille, Renaud},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.11.24},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/2190-4286-11-24.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2190-4286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {bulk heterojunctions,kelvin probe force microscopy,kpfm,organic,photocarrier dynamics,photovoltaics,probe configuration,pump,time-resolved measurements},
month = {feb},
pages = {323--337},
title = {{Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells}},
url = {https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/11/24},
volume = {11},
year = {2020}
}
@phdthesis{Bowden2021a,
author = {Bowden, Stuart},
doi = {https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/appendices/standard-solar-spectra},
title = {{Standard Solar Spectra (https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/appendices/standard-solar-spectra; Abgeufen am 19.03.2021)}},
url = {https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/appendices/standard-solar-spectra},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Li2013,
abstract = {PVDF thin films prepared under standard processing conditions have a cloudy appearance and are notoriously rough, which prevent microelectronic and photonic applications. On the other hand, high optical quality, smooth films can be prepared either at low relative humidity or at high substrate temperature. Here we systematically investigate the morphology of PVDF thin films by varying the processing conditions. Films are characterized by SEM and AFM and by measurements of clarity, haze and absorption. We show that the cloudy appearance is due to vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) as is well-documented for the formation of PVDF membranes. Formation of opaque thin films is a general problem of any ternary polymer/solvent/non-solvent system where a high boiling point solvent is used that is fully miscible with a non-solvent, here water from the ambient. {\textcopyright} 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.},
author = {Li, Mengyuan and Katsouras, Ilias and Piliego, Claudia and Glasser, Gunnar and Lieberwirth, Ingo and Blom, Paul W. M. and de Leeuw, Dago M.},
doi = {10.1039/c3tc31774a},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/c3tc31774a.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2050-7526},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. C},
number = {46},
pages = {7695},
title = {{Controlling the microstructure of poly(vinylidene-fluoride) (PVDF) thin films for microelectronics}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c3tc31774a},
volume = {1},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Kaja2023,
abstract = {Noninvasive and depth‐sensitive measurements of dielectric properties are becoming of great interest in advanced and complex nanostructured architectures. Here, a straightforward parallel approach applicable in peak force Kelvin probe force microscopy for a 3D measurement of dielectric constants at the nanoscale is demonstrated. The proposed approach features a simultaneous measurement of the mechanical, electrical, and depth‐dependent dielectric properties applied to embedded nanostructures. The findings provide initial elements for further development of experimental dielectric nano‐tomography methods for characterizing buried and embedded systems and dielectric interfaces.},
author = {Kaja, Khaled and Assoum, Ammar and {De Wolf}, Peter and Piquemal, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Nehmee, Antonio and Naja, Adnan and Beyrouthy, Taha and Jouiad, Mustapha},
doi = {10.1002/admi.202300503},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Adv Materials Inter - 2023 - Kaja - 3D Imaging and Quantitative Subsurface Dielectric Constant Measurement Using Peak Force.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2196-7350},
journal = {Adv. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {AFM,KPFM,data clustering,dielectric constant,nano tomography,peak force tapping,subsurface},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {1--10},
title = {{3D Imaging and Quantitative Subsurface Dielectric Constant Measurement Using Peak Force Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/admi.202300503},
volume = {11},
year = {2024}
}
@article{Bergmann2016,
abstract = {Efficient charge extraction within solar cells explicitly depends on the optimization of the internal interfaces. Potential barriers, unbalanced charge extraction, and interfacial trap states can prevent cells from reaching high power conversion efficiencies. In the case of perovskite solar cells, slow processes happening on time scales of seconds cause hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics. In this work, we localized and investigated these slow processes using frequency-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy (FM-KPFM) on cross sections of planar methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite solar cells. FM-KPFM can map the charge density distribution and its dynamics at internal interfaces. Upon illumination, space charge layers formed at the interfaces of the selective contacts with the MAPI layer within several seconds. We observed distinct differences in the charging dynamics at the interfaces of MAPI with adjacent layers. Our results indicate that more than one process is involved in hysteresis. This finding is in agreement with recent simulation studies claiming that a combination of ion migration and interfacial trap states causes the hysteresis in perovskite solar cells. Such differences in the charging rates at different interfaces cannot be separated by conventional device measurements.},
annote = {Aufladungen in Solarzellen},
author = {Bergmann, Victor W. and Guo, Yunlong and Tanaka, Hideyuki and Hermes, Ilka M. and Li, Dan and Klasen, Alexander and Bretschneider, Simon A. and Nakamura, Eiichi and Berger, R{\"{u}}digger and Weber, Stefan A.L.},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.6b04104},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bergmann et al. - 2016 - Local Time-Dependent Charging in a Perovskite Solar Cell.pdf:pdf},
issn = {19448252},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,charge trapping,ion migration,perovskite solar cells,scanning probe microscopy,space charge layer},
number = {30},
pages = {19402--19409},
title = {{Local Time-Dependent Charging in a Perovskite Solar Cell}},
volume = {8},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Weber2018a,
abstract = {In this study, we use time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy to investigate current–voltage hysteresis in a hybrid lead-halide perovskite solar cell.},
annote = {SI Hermes et al.},
author = {Weber, Stefan A. L. and Hermes, Ilka M. and Turren-Cruz, Silver-Hamill and Gort, Christopher and Bergmann, Victor W. and Gilson, Laurent and Hagfeldt, Anders and Graetzel, Michael and Tress, Wolfgang and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger},
doi = {10.1039/C8EE01447G},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weber et al. - 2018 - How the formation of interfacial charge causes hysteresis in perovskite solar cells(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {9},
pages = {2404--2413},
title = {{SI: How the formation of interfacial charge causes hysteresis in perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C8EE01447G},
volume = {11},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Raza2022,
abstract = {Two series, A and B, of PVC based nanocomposite polymer membranes (nCPMs) were prepared using PbO only and PbO/graphite mixture as a filler by solution casting method. Seven samples with varying compositions (5–35{\%}) of filler particles were prepared for each series and were compared by thickness measurements, porosity, water uptake, swelling degree, ionic conductivity, ion exchange capacity (IEC), membrane potential and transport number. The maximum values for these characteristics were observed as 0.402 mm, 0.77, 141.3{\%}, 0.11, 0.0033 Scm −1 , 8.6 milli-eq.g −1 , 0.19 V and 0.01391 for series-A composites whereas that of 0.367 mm, 0.83, 63.4{\%}, 0.019, 0.00981 Scm −1 , 5.21 milli-eq.g −1 , 0.13 V and 0.0108 for series-B nCPMs respectively. The SEM images of membranes showed greater voids produced in the series-B compared to series-A composites. The maximum Ionic conductivity, IEC, membrane potential and transport number were observed for membrane with 25{\%} PbO/graphite, 20{\%} PbO and 35{\%} PbO particles respectively.},
annote = {[1 - 9] from {\{}Elayarani2024{\}}},
author = {Raza, Junaid and Hamid, Abdul and Khan, Muhammad and Hussain, Fakhar and Zada, Amir and Tiehu, Li and Ali, Amjad and Fazil, Perveen and Wahab, Zainul},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2022-0051},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
month = {dec},
number = {11-12},
pages = {1583--1601},
title = {{Preparation and comparative evaluation of PVC/PbO and PVC/PbO/graphite based conductive nanocomposites}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2022-0051/html},
volume = {236},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Akkerman2022,
author = {Akkerman, Quinten A. and Nguyen, Tan P. T. and Boehme, Simon C. and Montanarella, Federico and Dirin, Dmitry N. and Wechsler, Philipp and Beiglb{\"{o}}ck, Finn and Erni, Rolf and Katan, Claudine and Even, Jacky and Kovalenko, Maksym V.},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1236393/v1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}QDs{\_}v1{\_}covered.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Submitted},
title = {{Taming the nucleation and growth kinetics of lead halide perovskite quantum dots}},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Rignanese2001,
author = {Rignanese, G.-M. and Detraux, F. and Gonze, X. and Pasquarello, Alfredo},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134301},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {aug},
number = {13},
pages = {134301},
title = {{First-principles study of dynamical and dielectric properties of tetragonal zirconia}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134301},
volume = {64},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Durose2004,
abstract = {The principal techniques used in the physical characterization of thin-film solar cells and materials are reviewed, these being scanning probe microscopy (SPM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopic ellipsometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) and light-beam-induced current (LBIC). For each method the particular applicability to thin-film solar cells is highlighted. Examples of the use of each are given, these being drawn from the chalcopyrite, CdTe, Si and III-V materials systems. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2004 John Wiley {\&} Sons, Ltd.},
author = {Durose, Ken and Asher, Sally E. and Jaegermann, Wolfram and Levi, Dean and McCandless, Brian E. and Metzger, Wyatt and Moutinho, Helio and Paulson, P. D. and Perkins, Craig L. and Sites, James R. and Teeter, Glenn and Terheggen, Mathias},
doi = {10.1002/pip.542},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Durose et al. - 2004 - Physical characterization of thin-film solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10627995},
journal = {Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl.},
keywords = {Characterization,Chemical analysis,Microstructure,Optical properties,Spatially resolved functionality,Thin-film solar cell},
number = {2-3},
pages = {177--217},
title = {{Physical characterization of thin-film solar cells}},
volume = {12},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Wang2016b,
abstract = {The performance of perovskite solar cells has increased at an unprecedented rate, with efficiencies currently exceeding 20{\%}. This technology is particularly promising, as it is compatible with cheap solution processing. For a thin-film solar product to be commercially viable, it must pass the IEC 61646 testing standards, regarding the environmental stability. Currently, the poor stability of perovskite solar cells is a barrier to commercialisation. The main issue causing this problem is the instability of the perovskite layer when in contact with moisture; however, it is important to explore stability problems with the other layers and interfaces within the device. The stability issues discussed in this review highlight the need to view the device as a whole system, due to the interdependent relationships between the layers, including: the perovskite absorber, electron transport layers, hole transport layers, other buffer layers and the electrodes. We also discuss other issues pertaining to device stability, such as measurement-induced hysteresis and the requirement for standard testing protocols. For perovskite solar cells to achieve the required stability, future research must focus on improving the intrinsic stability of the perovskite absorber layer, carefully designing the device geometry, and finding durable encapsulant materials, which seal the device from moisture.},
author = {Wang, Dian and Wright, Matthew and Elumalai, Naveen Kumar and Uddin, Ashraf},
doi = {10.1016/j.solmat.2015.12.025},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/stability{\_}PSCs{\_}1-s2.0-S092702481500673X-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09270248},
journal = {Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells},
keywords = {Degradation,Perovskite solar cell,Stability},
month = {apr},
pages = {255--275},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Stability of perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.12.025 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092702481500673X},
volume = {147},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Gudovskikh2011,
abstract = {The n-GaInP/n-p Ge heterostructure sloar cells grown by OMVPE were studied by new technique based on the diffusion capacitance measurements under illumination at open circuit voltage conditions. The value of the effective minority carrier lifetime in the p-Ge base $\tau$eff= 1.5×10-6 s was determined from the frequency dependence of the diffusion capacitance, C(f). The numerical simulation model was developed, which is in a good agreement with the experimental C(f), capacitance-voltage and dark current-voltage measurements. The value of the bulk minority lifetime equal to $\tau$b= 5×10-6 s was obtained by the simulation fit of the experimental data. The simulations have also demonstrated that the diffusion capacitance is very sensitive to the recombination velocity at the back contact, Sbc, for Sbc {\textless} 105 cm/s providing a way to characterize the back contact quality. Thus the proposed technique could be very useful for the back surface passivation development in GaInP/Ge solar cells. {\textcopyright} 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
author = {Gudovskikh, A.S. and Zelentsov, K.S. and Kalyuzhnyy, N.A. and Lantratov, V.M. and Mintairov, S.A. and Kleider, J.P.},
doi = {10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.013},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S1876610211000142-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18766102},
journal = {Energy Procedia},
keywords = {Capacitance measurements,Ge solar cells,Lifetime measurements,Surface recombination velocity},
pages = {76--83},
title = {{Characterization of GaInP/Ge heterostructure solar cells by capacitance measurements at forward bias under illumination}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.013 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1876610211000142},
volume = {3},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Goto1998,
abstract = {The tip-sample capacitance in the scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) of dielectric films is described through theoretical calculations based on the method of images. The results are explained with the charge density distribution in the tip-sample system. Furthermore, capacitance signals in the tapping mode SCM of dielectric films are experimentally investigated and found to be in good agreement with the simulation results. {\textcopyright} 1998 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Goto, Kazuya and Hane, Kazuhiro},
doi = {10.1063/1.368617},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.368617.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {oct},
number = {8},
pages = {4043--4048},
title = {{Tip–sample capacitance in capacitance microscopy of dielectric films}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.368617 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article/84/8/4043-4048/363636},
volume = {84},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Lindqvist2014a,
abstract = {Printing of polymer:fullerene solar cells at high speed requires annealing at temperatures up to 140°C. However, bulk-heterojunction blends that comprise a non-crystalline donor polymer often suffer from insufficient thermal stability and hence rapidly coarsen upon annealing above the glass transition temperature of the blend. In addition, micrometer-sized fullerene crystals grow, which are detrimental for the solar cell performance. In this manuscript, we present a strategy to limit fullerene crystallization, which is based on the use of fullerene mixtures of the two most common derivatives, PC61BM and PC71BM, as the acceptor material. Blends of this fullerene mixture and a non-crystalline thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer display considerably enhanced thermal stability and largely retain their photovoltaic performance upon annealing at elevated temperatures as high as 170?°C. {\textcopyright} 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.},
author = {Lindqvist, Camilla and Bergqvist, Jonas and B{\"{a}}cke, Olof and Gustafsson, Stefan and Wang, Ergang and Olsson, Eva and Ingan{\"{a}}s, Olle and Andersson, Mats R. and M{\"{u}}ller, Christian},
doi = {10.1063/1.4870997},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4870997.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {apr},
number = {15},
pages = {153301},
title = {{Fullerene mixtures enhance the thermal stability of a non-crystalline polymer solar cell blend}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4870997},
volume = {104},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Zheng2018,
abstract = {In this paper, a two-step method is used to prepare a high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 layer for carbon-based hole conductor-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In the first step, the solvent for the PbI2/DMF solution is changed to a mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from pure DMF solvent. This process requires 3.5 h for PbI2 films deposited from the PbI2/DMF solution to completely convert to perovskite in a methyl amine iodide (MAI)/iso-propyl alcohol (IPA) solution, and perovskite films have a rough surface with a few large crystals. This mixed solvent accelerates the conversion of PbI2 to CH3NH3PbI3, resulting in smooth CH3NH3PbI3 films without residual PbI2. Only 15 min are required for PbI2 films to completely convert to perovskite when the volume ratio of DMSO to DMF is 1:4. As a result, the photovoltaic performance, especially on the fill factor (FF) of PSCs fabricated from DMF/DMSO solvent, improved mainly due to the better contact of perovskite/carbon interface and faster charge transport of the perovskite layer.},
annote = {Effekt des LM DMSO zu DMF auf PbI2-Schicht},
author = {Zheng, Haisong and Li, Chenghui and Wei, Aixiang and Liu, Jun and Zhao, Yu and Xiao, Zhiming},
doi = {10.1007/s10854-018-0012-2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zheng et al. - 2018 - Effects of mixed solvent on morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 absorption layers and photovoltaic performance of perovskite.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1573482X},
journal = {J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.},
number = {21},
pages = {18868--18877},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Effects of mixed solvent on morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 absorption layers and photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0012-2},
volume = {29},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Peksa2017,
abstract = {Bentheimer sandstone is a quartz-rich permeable hard sedimentary rock used for core flooding experiments. When fired to stabilize clays (subjected to high temperatures), pyrometamorphical phase changes induce texture and pore framework alteration. As a consequence the new dielectric response may influence wettability. The literature regarding pyrometamorphical behavior during and after thermal treatment is ambiguous, so we evaluate desirable effects (fixation of clay minerals) and undesirable effects (dielectric surface changes) in the matrix. Porosity, permeability, surface charge, specific surface area and dielectric respond were measured before and after firing of samples up to ∼1000°C under oxidizing and non-oxidizing conditions. The matrix properties were determined using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope imaging, and thermomechanical-, and thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry. Firing causes dehydration, dehydroxylation and irreversible transformation of original clays, organic matter, and carbonates to glass, oxides and feldspars. During heating quartz transfers from $\alpha$- to $\beta$-quartz and back during cooling. This changes the grain volumes and consequently reduces the matrix integrity. The sandstone has a slight porosity and permeability increase (∼5{\%}). Further, a shift in the point of zero charge toward a higher pH may result in wettability alteration from strongly water-wet to oil-wet. Additionally, a decrease in the permittivity value and marginal dispersion of the dielectric constant (∼5{\%}) between the high and the low frequencies was observed. Due to firing and related dispersion of the iron oxides within the matrix framework, Bentheimer sandstone becomes a weaker insulator.},
annote = {frequency dependend dielectric constant},
author = {Peksa, Anna E. and Wolf, Karl Heinz A.A. and Slob, Evert C. and Chmura, {\L}ukasz and Zitha, Pacelli L.J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.petrol.2016.10.024},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0920410516307069-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09204105},
journal = {J. Pet. Sci. Eng.},
keywords = {Bentheimer sandstone,Firing,Permittivity,Surface charge,Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorim,X-ray diffraction},
number = {October 2016},
pages = {270--280},
title = {{Original and pyrometamorphical altered Bentheimer sandstone; petrophysical properties, surface and dielectric behavior}},
volume = {149},
year = {2017}
}
@article{zhinst2016,
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kibblewhite, Ewans - 1985 - Wave-wave interactions, microseisms, and infrasonic ambient noise in the ocean.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {demodulation,lock-in amplifiers,phase-sensitive},
title = {{White Paper: Principles of lock-in detection and the state of the art}},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Kremer2003,
abstract = {Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy is employed to study the molecular dynamics in thin layers of grafted and spin-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and of the type-A polymer cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI). Strong resemblance with low-molecular-weight systems is found but additionally the conformation of the chain and its extension becomes important. For PI a confinement-induced relaxation is found. It is observable if the layer thickness is comparable to the end-to-end vector of the chain and it depends strongly on the separation between interfaces. In contrast, the dynamic (and hence the calorimetric) glass transition is not affected by the geometrical confinement.},
author = {Kremer, F. and Hartmann, L. and Serghei, A. and Pouret, P. and L{\'{e}}ger, L.},
doi = {10.1140/epje/i2003-10053-3},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kremer et al. - 2003 - Molecular dynamics in thin grafted and spin-coated polymer layers.pdf:pdf},
issn = {12928941},
journal = {Eur. Phys. J. E},
number = {1},
pages = {139--142},
title = {{Molecular dynamics in thin grafted and spin-coated polymer layers}},
volume = {12},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Tian2018,
abstract = {It is crucial to calibrate atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers for the development and further applications of AFM in precision engineering such as nanonewton force measurement. This paper presents a novel approach to calibrate the spring constant of an AFM cantilever based on electromagnetic actuation and null position measurement. According to the method, a calibration system was designed. In order to optimize the static and dynamic characteristics of the calibration system, the analytical models for the electromagnetic force and the suspension mechanism stiffness have been developed. Finite element analysis has been utilized to further investigate the precision of analytical modeling. The null position measurement method was utilized to monitor the deformation of the flexible beam, and then the deformation was compensated by the electromagnetic force. Experiments were carried out based on the developed prototype, and the results show that the electromagnetic force conversion rate is 40.08 $\mu$N/mA. Finally, a typical AFM cantilever was calibrated and the spring constant is (30.83 ± 0.24) N/m. The uncertainty of the proposed null position measurement method is better than 0.78{\%}, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the calibration method and system.},
author = {Tian, Yanling and Zhou, Chongkai and Wang, Fujun and Zhang, Jinyi and Guo, Zhiyong and Zhang, Dawei},
doi = {10.1063/1.5051401},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.5051401.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {125119},
pmid = {30599581},
title = {{A novel method and system for calibrating the spring constant of atomic force microscope cantilever based on electromagnetic actuation}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5051401 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5051401},
volume = {89},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Vorpahl2018a,
abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2018 American Chemical Society. We study the spontaneous polarization of the archetypal semiconducting halide perovskite methylammonium lead triiodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) that is currently being investigated for use in thin film solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Using both lateral and vertical piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to image polycrystalline thin films, we observed domains in the piezoresponse that reversibly appear and disappear below and above the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition temperature. Importantly, we observe these domains to exhibit a piezoresponse that is predominantly in-plane for films with the (110) plane oriented parallel to the substrate, providing a measure of the polarization associated with specific crystal planes. We characterize the polarization and its temporal response using both local switching spectroscopy and time-dependent PFM spectra. These data show hysteresis loops with the polarization switching with bias but relaxing back on time scales of several minutes. Our results suggest the existence of ferroelectric behavior due to off-center displacement of the Pb 2+ cation, although the local polarization response is complicated by the presence of local ionic and electronic conductivity. Understanding the nature of these domains paves the way for further optimization of optoelectronic devices using CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite material.},
annote = {SI von Vorpahl Seattle 2018},
author = {Vorpahl, Sarah M. and Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Eperon, Giles E. and Hermes, Ilka M. and Weber, Stefan A.L. and Ginger, David S.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vorpahl et al. - 2018 - Orientation of Ferroelectric Domains and Disappearance Upon Heating Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite (2).pdf:pdf},
journal = {ACS Appl. Energy Mater.},
number = {4},
pages = {1534--1539},
title = {{Orientation of Ferroelectric Domains and Disappearance Upon Heating Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite from Tetragonal to Cubic Phase}},
volume = {1},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Marin-Beloqui2014,
abstract = {We measured the charge recombination kinetics using transient photovoltage (TPV) and laser transient absorption spectroscopy (L-TAS) in MAPbI 3−x Cl x perovskite solar cells using low band gap polymers as hole transport materials (HTMs).},
author = {Marin-Beloqui, Jose Manuel and Hern{\'{a}}ndez, Javier P{\'{e}}rez and Palomares, Emilio},
doi = {10.1039/C4CC06338D},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Marin-Beloqui, Hern{\'{a}}ndez, Palomares - 2014 - Photo-induced charge recombination kinetics in MAPbI3− xClxperovskite-like solar cells usin.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1359-7345},
journal = {Chem. Commun.},
number = {93},
pages = {14566--14569},
title = {{Photo-induced charge recombination kinetics in MAPbI 3−x Cl x perovskite-like solar cells using low band-gap polymers as hole conductors}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4CC06338D},
volume = {50},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Iqbal2023,
abstract = {The present work outlines the successful synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) stabilized with gum shellac (GS) and their use as photocatalyst for the enhanced degradation of dyes. Se NPs were synthesized by a simple and cost effective chemical reduction method using selenious acid, GS and sodium borohydride. Gum shellac was used as stabilizing agent. The orange red gum shellac-selenium nanoparticles (GS–Se NPs) were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The morphology of these particles appeared to be uniform and spherical as observed in SEM images. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic profile showed the presence of elemental selenium, carbon and oxygen. The synthesized GS–Se NPs were investigated for their photo-catalytic efficiency towards degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dye in aqueous media. Absorbance was measured at $\lambda$ max 665 nm and 455 nm for MB and MO, respectively. Maximum degradation of MB in-comparison with MO obtained at 50 mg/L were 81.72 {\%} and 71.42 {\%} respectively. A very slow degradation rate was observed for the MO and MB in the absence of synthesized photocatalyst whereas greater percentage degradation was observed for the GS–Se NPs.},
annote = {[1 - 9] from {\{}Elayarani2024{\}}},
author = {Iqbal, Zartasha and Imran, Muhammad and Latif, Shoomaila and Nazir, Arif and Ibrahim, Sobhy M. and Ahmad, Iftikhar and Iqbal, Munawar and Iqbal, Shahid},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2022-0113},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {1139--1152},
title = {{Photocatalytic degradation of dyes in aqueous media by gum shellac stabilized selenium nanoparticles}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2022-0113/html},
volume = {237},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Henning1996,
abstract = {We have extended the capabilities of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with double heterodyne force detection, to include both electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and scanning differential capacitance microscopy (SdCM). Samples measured with this tool are imaged simultaneously in each of these three modes. Inhomogeneities in surface topography (AFM), surface work function (EFM) and sub-surface charge (SdCM) are thus detected at once. We work in non-contact mode in order to interact non-destructively with our samples, with resultant lateral spatial resolution of 25-50 nm. Variations in surface topography of less than 1 nm, and surface potential variations as small as 1 mV, are imaged easily. We have applied the techniques based on this tool to microfabricated materials and device structures. In particular, we have studied the metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistor (MOSFET) structure, of importance to microelectronic science and engineering. Following a brief description of our detection system, this work will describe our measurements of dopant profiles related to this structure. It will also demonstrate our ground-breaking application of scanned probe techniques to the analysis of other materials defects, and of device failure, in these structures. The work will conclude with a quantitative discussion of the three most limiting factors for our techniques: parasitic capacitance; convolved signals; and large-signal behavior of the cantilever.},
annote = {SCM based on KPFM technique from (Kopanski1998)},
author = {Henning, A.K. and Hochwitz, T.},
doi = {10.1016/S0921-5107(96)01688-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}and{\_}KPFM{\_}1-s2.0-S0921510796016881-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09215107},
journal = {Mater. Sci. Eng. B},
keywords = {Atomic force microscope,Dopant profiling,Electrostatic force microscopy},
month = {dec},
number = {1-3},
pages = {88--98},
title = {{Scanning probe microscopy for 2-D semiconductor dopant profiling and device failure analysis}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921510796016881},
volume = {42},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Payam2021,
abstract = {This paper introduces a fundamentally new approach for dynamic AFM data acquisition and imaging based on applying the wavelet transform on the data stream from the photodetector.},
author = {{Farokh Payam}, Amir and Biglarbeigi, Pardis and Morelli, Alessio and Lemoine, Patrick and McLaughlin, James and Finlay, Dewar},
doi = {10.1039/D0NA00531B},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Data acquisition and imaging using wavelet transform.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2516-0230},
journal = {Nanoscale Adv.},
number = {2},
pages = {383--398},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Data acquisition and imaging using wavelet transform: a new path for high speed transient force microscopy}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D0NA00531B},
volume = {3},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Zhang2015a,
abstract = {Using a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-based PbI2 precursor solution and employing PbCl2 as an additive, organolead halide perovskite films were fabricated via a sequential solution deposition process. It is found that the PbCl2 additive in DMSO system dramatically improves the properties of the resultant perovskite films, including the crack-free morphology and enhanced light absorption, while its crystalline structure is not altered. Under the conditions of 30 mol{\%} PbCl2 doping, the films exhibit a high uniformity and an optimum light harvesting capability; as-prepared solar cells achieve the highest power conversion efficiency of 14.42{\%}, which is 36.3{\%} higher than that of the pure PbI2-based one. The cells employ nanocrystalline rutile titania as the contact layer deposited by a chemical bath deposition method, contributing to preparing the devices at a low temperature less than or equal to 100°C. This work provides a simple, low-cost but effective strategy to improve the power efficiency of the perovskite solar cells.},
annote = {PbCl2 als Additiv bei Precurser L{\"{o}}sung im 2-Step Verfahren},
author = {Zhang, Zhirong and Yue, Xiaopeng and Wei, Dong and Li, Meicheng and Fu, Pengfei and Xie, Bixia and Song, Dandan and Li, Yingfeng},
doi = {10.1039/c5ra25160e},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhang et al. - 2015 - DMSO-based PbI2 precursor with PbCl2 additive for highly efficient perovskite solar cells fabricated at low temper.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20462069},
journal = {RSC Adv.},
number = {127},
pages = {104606--104611},
title = {{DMSO-based PbI2 precursor with PbCl2 additive for highly efficient perovskite solar cells fabricated at low temperature}},
volume = {5},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Gil2003,
abstract = {In the present work the electrostatic interaction of a real scanning force microscopy (SFM) probe with a sample is studied theoretically as well as experimentally. To model the probe, a complex system composed of a macroscopic cantilever, a mesoscopic tip cone and a nanometric tip apex is proposed. The corresponding interaction is calculated analytically by means of an appropriate approximation. In most experimental situations we find that the total interaction is dominated by the cantilever and/or the tip cone and not by the tip apex. Experimental determination of tip-sample interaction supports this model. In addition, we find that a real SFM probe may lead to misinterpretation of experimental data in the so-called Kelvin probe microscopy (KPM). Again, experimental data confirm that the effects described by the model we propose may induce severe errors in KPM. As shown in this work, the resolution in KPM and electrostatic force microscopy is dramatically enhanced and data interpretation simplified if the force gradient rather than the force is used as signal source for the electrostatic interaction.},
annote = {Formulas are wrong?!?! (Stefan) --{\textgreater} Colchero2001

model of capacitance with truncated cone and spherical tip from (Fumagalli2006)},
author = {Gil, A. and Colchero, J. and G mez-Herrero, J and Bar, A M},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/14/2/345},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Gil2003.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {332--340},
title = {{Electrostatic force gradient signal: resolution enhancement in electrostatic force microscopy and improved Kelvin probe microscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/14/2/345},
volume = {14},
year = {2003}
}
@article{DeQuilettes2015,
abstract = {The remarkable performance of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics is attributed to their long carrier lifetimes and high photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies. High-quality films are associated with slower PL decays, and it has been claimed that grain boundaries have a negligible impact on performance.We used confocal fluorescence microscopy correlated with scanning electron microscopy to spatially resolve the PL decay dynamics from films of nonstoichiometric organic-inorganic perovskites, CH{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}NH{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}PbI{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}(Cl). The PL intensities and lifetimes varied between different grains in the same film, even for films that exhibited long bulk lifetimes. The grain boundaries were dimmer and exhibited faster nonradiative decay. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy showed a positive correlation between chlorine concentration and regions of brighter PL, whereas PL imaging revealed that chemical treatment with pyridine could activate previously dark grains.},
annote = {Passsivation paper f{\"{u}}r Vergleich zeitaufgel{\"{o}}ste Methoden},
author = {DeQuilettes, Dane W. and Vorpahl, Sarah M. and Stranks, Samuel D. and Nagaoka, Hirokazu and Eperon, Giles E. and Ziffer, Mark E. and Snaith, Henry J. and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1126/science.aaa5333},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/DeQuilettes et al. - 2015 - Impact of microstructure on local carrier lifetime in perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10959203},
journal = {Science (80-. ).},
number = {6235},
pages = {683--686},
title = {{Impact of microstructure on local carrier lifetime in perovskite solar cells}},
volume = {348},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Boix2009,
abstract = {Energy distributions [density-of-states (DOS)] of defects in the effective band gap of organic bulk heterojunctions are determined by means of capacitance methods. The technique consists of calculating the junction capacitance derivative with respect to the angular frequency of the small voltage perturbation applied to thin film poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) solar cells. The analysis, which was performed on blends of different composition, reveals the presence of defect bands exhibiting Gaussian shape located at E≈0.38 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the P3HT. The disorder parameter $\sigma$, which accounts for the broadening of the Gaussian DOS, lies within the range of 49–66 meV. The total density of defects results of order 1016 cm−3.},
author = {Boix, Pablo P. and Garcia-Belmonte, Germ{\`{a}} and Mu{\~{n}}ecas, Udane and Neophytou, Marios and Waldauf, Christoph and Pacios, Roberto},
doi = {10.1063/1.3270105},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/233302{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {dec},
number = {23},
pages = {233302},
title = {{Determination of gap defect states in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells from capacitance measurements}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/95/23/233302/120955/Determination-of-gap-defect-states-in-organic-bulk},
volume = {95},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Pockett2015,
abstract = {Thin film lead halide perovskite cells, where the perovskite layer is deposited directly onto a flat titania blocking layer, have reached AM 1.5 efficiencies of over 15{\%},1 showing that the mesoporous scaffold used in early types of perovskite solar cells is not essential. We used a variety of techniques to gain a better understanding of thin film perovskite cells prepared by a solution-based method. Twelve cells were studied, which showed AM 1.5 efficiencies of ∼11{\%}. The properties of the cells were investigated using impedance spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS), intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), and open-circuit photovoltage decay (OCVD). Despite the fact that all 12 cells were prepared at the same time under nominally identical conditions, their behavior fell into two distinct groups. One half of the cells exhibited ideality factors of m ≈ 2.5, and the other half showed ideality factors of m ≈ 5. Impedance spectroscopy carried out under illumination at open circuit for a range of intensities showed that the cell capacitance was dominated by the geometric capacitance of the perovskite layer rather than the chemical or diffusion capacitance due to photogenerated carriers. The voltage dependence of the recombination resistance gave ideality factors similar to those derived from the intensity dependence of the open-circuit voltage. The IMVS time constant was determined by the product of the geometric capacitance and the recombination resistance. The two types of cells gave very different OCVD responses. The cells with m ≈ 2.5 showed a persistent photovoltage effect that was absent in the case of the cells with higher ideality factors. The IMPS responses provide evidence of minor efficiency losses by recombination under short-circuit conditions.},
author = {Pockett, Adam and Eperon, Giles E. and Peltola, Timo and Snaith, Henry J. and Walker, Alison and Peter, Laurence M. and Cameron, Petra J.},
doi = {10.1021/jp510837q},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pockett et al. - 2015 - Characterization of planar lead halide perovskite solar cells by impedance spectroscopy, open-circuit photovolta.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {feb},
number = {7},
pages = {3456--3465},
title = {{Characterization of Planar Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells by Impedance Spectroscopy, Open-Circuit Photovoltage Decay, and Intensity-Modulated Photovoltage/Photocurrent Spectroscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp510837q},
volume = {119},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Shockley1961,
abstract = {In order to find an upper theoretical limit for the efficiency of p-n junction solar energy converters, a limiting efficiency, called the detailed balance limit of efficiency, has been calculated for an ideal case in which the only recombination mechanism of hole-electron pairs is radiative as required by the principle of detailed balance. The efficiency is also calculated for the case in which radiative recombination is only a fixed fraction fc of the total recombination, the rest being nonradiative. Efficiencies at the matched loads have been calculated with band gap and fc as parameters, the sun and cell being assumed to be blackbodies with temperatures of 6000°K and 300°K, respectively. The maximum efficiency is found to be 30{\%} for an energy gap of 1.1 ev and fc = 1. Actual junctions do not obey the predicted current-voltage relationship, and reasons for the difference and its relevance to efficiency are discussed. {\textcopyright} 1961 The American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {Kurve Effizeinz gegen Bandl{\"{u}}cke},
author = {Shockley, William and Queisser, Hans J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1736034},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Shockley, Queisser - 1961 - Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00218979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
number = {3},
pages = {510--519},
title = {{Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells}},
volume = {32},
year = {1961}
}
@article{Giannazzo2006,
abstract = {We addressed the issues related to quantitative carrier profiling by scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) on doped layers with different dimensions, starting from thick (∼5 $\mu$m) uniformly B-doped Si layers, down to Si Si1-x Gex Si quantum wells with nanometric width. We preliminarly discussed the influence of the SCM hardware on the quantification, by comparing the analyses performed on Si calibration standards with two different atomic force microscopes, i.e., DI3100 by Veeco and XE-100 by PSIA, equipped with different SCM sensors. Furthermore, both concentration and spatial resolution are demonstrated by measurements on specially designed samples containing B-doped quantum wells of Si0.75 Ge0.25 layers strained between Si films. Measurements were taken both on cross-sectioned samples and on beveled ones. A SCM spatial resolution of 1 nm with a concentration sensitivity from 5{\%} to 10{\%} was demonstrated by quantitative majority carrier profiling on the B-doped Si Si0.75 Ge0.25 Si heterostructures. {\textcopyright} 2006 American Vacuum Society.},
author = {Giannazzo, F. and Raineri, V. and Mirabella, S. and Impellizzeri, G. and Priolo, F. and Fedele, M. and Mucciato, R.},
doi = {10.1116/1.2151907},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}370{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10711023},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
number = {1},
pages = {370},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy: Quantitative carrier profiling down to nanostructures}},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/24/1/10.1116/1.2151907},
volume = {24},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Murawski2015a,
abstract = {Knowledge on surface potential dynamics is crucial for understanding the performance of modern-type nanoscale devices. We describe an electrical pump-probe approach in Kelvin-probe force microscopy that enables a quantitative measurement of dynamic surface potentials at nanosecond-time and nanometer-length scales. Also, we investigate the performance of pump-probe Kelvin-probe force microscopy with respect to the relevant experimental parameters. We exemplify a measurement on an organic field effect transistor that verifies the undisturbed functionality of our pump-probe approach in terms of simultaneous and quantitative mapping of topographic and electronic information at a high lateral and temporal resolution.},
author = {Murawski, J. and Graupner, T. and Milde, P. and Raupach, R. and Zerweck-Trogisch, U. and Eng, L. M.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4933289},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/pp{\_}KPFM{\_}limits{\_}154302{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10897550},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
number = {15},
title = {{Pump-probe Kelvin-probe force microscopy: Principle of operation and resolution limits}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4933289},
volume = {118},
year = {2015}
}
@article{OHayre2004,
annote = {long acquisition times per pixel for good resolution (like ours?)},
author = {O'Hayre, Ryan and Lee, Minhwan and Prinz, Fritz B.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1737047},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1737047.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {jun},
number = {12},
pages = {8382--8392},
title = {{Ionic and electronic impedance imaging using atomic force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1737047},
volume = {95},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Solis2021,
abstract = {Colloidal perovskite (cesium lead bromide-iodide) quantum dots (PQDs) with different iodine concentration were prepared. These PQDs show excellent optical properties with high light absorption and high photoluminescence. Light absorption is in the range between 500 and 550 nm and extending into the ultraviolet. The photoluminescence spectra show peaks from 490 to 675 nm. Charge carrier lifetime measurements, obtained with the time-resolved photoluminescence technique, indicate that the dominant mechanisms for recombination are the non-radiative recombination processes. Finally, increasing the iodine content, increases defect concentration in the PQDs.},
annote = {In Quantum dots the increase of Iodide concentration lead to increaseing defect concentration

Main Recombination process --{\textgreater} non-radiative},
author = {Solis, Omar E. and {Manuel Rivas}, Jesus and Duran-Ledezma, Angel A. and Gonzalez-Cisneros, Alejandro and Garc{\'{i}}a-Rocha, Miguel and Esparza, Diego},
doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2021.129392},
issn = {0167577X},
journal = {Mater. Lett.},
month = {apr},
pages = {129392},
title = {{Dominant non-radiative recombination in perovskite CsPbBr3-xIx quantum dots}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167577X21000896},
volume = {289},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Shi2007,
abstract = {A new method has been developed within the framework of density functional theory to aid in the study of the dielectric properties of multi-component systems, with explicit treatment of surface and interface effects. Specially, we have determined the position dependent dielectric constant profiles for Si–SiO2 and SiO2- polymer systems. We find that at regions close to surfaces and interfaces, the dielectric constant is enhanced compared to the corresponding bulk values. In interior regions, the dielectric constant approaches the corresponding bulk values. The calculated opti- cal and static dielectric constant values of these systems are in excellent agreement with experimental results, and other more involved computational treatments.},
author = {Shi, N. and Ramprasad, R.},
doi = {10.1007/s10820-006-9034-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/31.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0928-1045},
journal = {J. Comput. Mater. Des.},
keywords = {density functional theory,local dielectric,permitivity},
month = {apr},
number = {1},
pages = {133--139},
title = {{Dielectric properties of nanoscale multi-component systems: A first principles computational study}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10820-006-9034-9},
volume = {14},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Wang2020a,
abstract = {In all kinds of solar cells, transient photovoltage (TPV) decay measurements have been used to determine charge carrier lifetimes and to quantify recombination processes and orders. However, in particular, for thin-film devices with a high capacitance, the time constants observed in common TPV measurements do not describe recombination dynamics but RC (R: resistance, C: capacitance) times for charging the electrodes. This issue has been revisited for organic and perovskite solar cells in the recent literature. Here, these discussions are extended by analyzing a perovskite model system (Bi defects in Cs0.1FA0.9Pb(Br0.1I0.9)3 in which defect recombination can be tuned. It is found that TPV, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy yield the same time constants that do not describe recombination dynamics but are limited by the differential resistance of the diode and the geometric capacitance in common light intensity ranges ('1 sun). By employing numerical device simulations, it is found that low charge carrier mobility can furthermore limit the TPV time constants. In samples with spatially nonuniform recombination dynamics, two time constants are measured, which depend on the charge carrier generation profile that can be tuned by the wavelength of the incident light. In that case, numerical simulation provides insights into recombination and charge transport processes in the device.},
author = {Wang, Zi Shuai and Ebadi, Firouzeh and Carlsen, Brian and Choy, Wallace C. H. and Tress, Wolfgang},
doi = {10.1002/smtd.202000290},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wang et al. - 2020 - Transient Photovoltage Measurements on Perovskite Solar Cells with Varied Defect Concentrations and Inhomogeneous R.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2366-9608},
journal = {Small Methods},
keywords = {drift-diffusion simulations,perovskite solar cells,recombination,transient photovoltage},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {2000290},
title = {{Transient Photovoltage Measurements on Perovskite Solar Cells with Varied Defect Concentrations and Inhomogeneous Recombination Rates}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smtd.202000290},
volume = {4},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chen2019,
abstract = {In this paper, we introduce several kinds of volatile anti-solvents to prepare a fully-reacted perovskite film, thereby obtaining a high-efficiency solar cell. The volatility of the solvent strongly influences the uniformity and porosity of the PbI2 film, and thus affects the uniformity and compactness of the obtained perovskite film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the perovskite film fabricated by the ethanol treatment method was very dense and exhibited a smoother surface. At the same time, the compositions of the perovskite films produced using different volatile solvents were determined via X-ray diffraction (XRD), and it was found that the film fabricated by the ethanol treatment method completely reacted with no residual PbI2. The ethanol treated sample was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and current density-voltage (J-V) measurements, and the best absorbance, a fill factor of 0.73, short circuit current density, Jsc, of 22.1 mA cm-2, an open circuit voltage, Voc, of 1.04 V and a photoelectric conversion efficiency, PCE, of 16.8{\%} were obtained.},
annote = {Ethanol als Anti-solvent nach PbI2-Schichtauftragung
--{\textgreater} beste Effizienz (Achtung China)

Ethanol und CB noch am besten

Vielleicht Versuchsreihe G1 bis G8},
author = {Chen, Yongqiang and Wu, Wenchao and Ma, Ruixin and Wang, Chengyan},
doi = {10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.021},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chen et al. - 2019 - Perovskites fabricated with volatile anti-solvents for more efficient solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00222860},
journal = {J. Mol. Struct.},
keywords = {Anti-solvent,Depletion region,Perovskite solar cell,Residual PbI2,Volatility},
pages = {632--637},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Perovskites fabricated with volatile anti-solvents for more efficient solar cells}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.021},
volume = {1175},
year = {2019}
}
@article{McGovern2020,
abstract = {Solar cells based on metal halide perovskites often show excellent efficiency but poor stability. This degradation of perovskite devices has been associated with the migration of mobile ions. MAPbBr3 perovskite materials are significantly more stable under ambient conditions than MAPbI3 perovskite materials. In this work, we use transient ion drift to quantify the key characteristics of ion migration in MAPbBr3 perovskite solar cells. We then proceed to compare them with those of MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. We find that in MAPbBr3, bromide migration is the main process at play and that contrary to the case of MAPbI3, there is no evidence for methylammonium migration. Quantitatively, we find a reduced activation energy, a reduced diffusion coefficient, and a reduced concentration for halide ions in MAPbBr3 compared to MAPbI3. Understanding this difference in mobile ion migration is a crucial step in understanding the enhanced stability of MAPbBr3 versus MAPbI3.},
author = {McGovern, Lucie and Futscher, Moritz H. and Muscarella, Loreta A. and Ehrler, Bruno},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01822},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.jpclett.0c01822.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {sep},
number = {17},
pages = {7127--7132},
pmid = {32787314},
title = {{Understanding the Stability of MAPbBr 3 versus MAPbI 3 : Suppression of Methylammonium Migration and Reduction of Halide Migration}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01822},
volume = {11},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kilpatrick2022,
abstract = {In this paper, we derive and present quantitative expressions governing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) techniques in both air and water. Metrics such as minimum detectable contact potential difference, minimum required AC bias, and signal-to-noise ratio are compared and contrasted both off resonance and utilizing the first two eigenmodes of the cantilever. These comparisons allow the reader to quickly and quantitatively identify the parameters for the best performance for a given KPFM-based experiment in a given environment. Furthermore, we apply these performance metrics in the identification of KPFM-based modes that are most suitable for operation in liquid environments where bias application can lead to unwanted electrochemical reactions. We conclude that open-loop multifrequency KPFM modes operated with the first harmonic of the electrostatic response on the first eigenmode offer the best performance in liquid environments whilst needing the smallest AC bias for operation.},
author = {Kilpatrick, Jason I. and Kargin, Emrullah and Rodriguez, Brian J.},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.13.82},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/multifrequency{\_}AFM{\_}2190-4286-13-82.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2190-4286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {Afm,Atomic force microscopy,Closed loop,Kelvin probe force microscope,Kpfm,Open loop,Performance,Signal-to-noise ratio},
month = {sep},
pages = {922--943},
title = {{Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water}},
url = {https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/13/82},
volume = {13},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Zhu2023,
abstract = {The growth of lithium dendrites in inorganic solid electrolytes is an essential drawback that hinders the development of reliable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Generally, ex situ post mortem measurements of battery components show the presence of lithium dendrites at the grain boundaries of the solid electrolyte. However, the role of grain boundaries in the nucleation and dendritic growth of metallic lithium is not yet fully understood. Here, to shed light on these crucial aspects, we report the use of operando Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements to map locally time-dependent electric potential changes in the Li 6.25 Al 0.25 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 garnet-type solid electrolyte. We find that the Galvani potential drops at grain boundaries near the lithium metal electrode during plating as a response to the preferential accumulation of electrons. Time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy measurements and quantitative analyses of lithium metal formed at the grain boundaries under electron beam irradiation support this finding. Based on these results, we propose a mechanistic model to explain the preferential growth of lithium dendrites at grain boundaries and their penetration in inorganic solid electrolytes.},
author = {Zhu, Chao and Fuchs, Till and Weber, Stefan A. L. and Richter, Felix H. and Glasser, Gunnar and Weber, Franjo and Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen and Janek, J{\"{u}}rgen and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-36792-7},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Chao{\_}Zhou{\_}Li{\_}batteries{\_}s41467-023-36792-7.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
month = {mar},
number = {1},
pages = {1300},
pmid = {36894536},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Understanding the evolution of lithium dendrites at Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 grain boundaries via operando microscopy techniques}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36792-7},
volume = {14},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Hudlet1998a,
abstract = {We propose a very simple method to determine the electrical tip-surface force in Atomic Force Microscopes used to study the electrical properties of metallic or insulating materials; the analysis of the measurements as well as determination of the appropriate experimental procedures requiring an analytical model of the tip-surface capacitance. The comparison of force expressions obtained by this method with those obtained by exact derivation in the case of the sphere-infinite plane system shows very good agreement. This method is then applied to determine the tip-surface force, the real shape of the tip being introduced in the derivation. The obtained expression is compared to experimental and numerical data. We emphasize that this method is very general and can be applied to any axially symmetric capacitor.},
annote = {experimental prove in (Law2002)},
author = {Hudlet, S. and {Saint Jean}, M. and Guthmann, C. and Berger, J.},
doi = {10.1007/s100510050219},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Hudlet1998.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1434-6028},
journal = {Eur. Phys. J. B},
keywords = {06.30.-k Measurements common to several branches o,07.50.-e Electrical and electronic components,41.20.-q Electric,and electromagnetic f,ins,magnetic},
month = {apr},
number = {1},
pages = {5--10},
title = {{Evaluation of the capacitive force between an atomic force microscopy tip and a metallic surface}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s100510050219},
volume = {2},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Weller2015,
abstract = {The structure of black formamidinium lead halide, $\alpha$-[HC(NH2)2]PbI3, at 298 K has been refined from high resolution neutron powder diffraction data and found to adopt a cubic perovskite unit cell, a = 6.3620(8) {\AA}. The trigonal planar [HC(NH2)2]+ cations lie in the central mirror plane of the unit cell with the formamidinium cations disordered over 12 possible sites arranged so that the C-H bond is directed into a cube face, whereas the -NH2 groups hydrogen bond (NH{\textperiodcentered}{\textperiodcentered}{\textperiodcentered}I = 2.75-3.00 {\AA}) with the iodide atoms of the [PbI3]- framework. High atomic displacement parameters for the formamidinium cation are consistent with rapid molecular rotations at room temperature as evidenced in ab initio molecular dynamic simulations.},
author = {Weller, Mark T. and Weber, Oliver J. and Frost, Jarvist M. and Walsh, Aron},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01432},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weller et al. - 2015 - Cubic Perovskite Structure of Black Formamidinium Lead Iodide, $\alpha$-HC(NH2)2PbI3, at 298 K.pdf:pdf},
issn = {19487185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
number = {16},
pages = {3209--3212},
title = {{Cubic Perovskite Structure of Black Formamidinium Lead Iodide, $\alpha$-[HC(NH2)2]PbI3, at 298 K}},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Brezna2003a,
abstract = {In this article we explore the application of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) for studying focused ion beam (FIB) induced damage in silicon. We qualitatively determine the technologically important beam shape by measuring the SCM image of FIB processed implantation spots and by comparison of topographical and SCM data. Further, we investigate the question how deep impinging ions generate measurable damage below the silicon surface. For this purpose, trenches were manufactured using FIB and analyzed by SCM in cross-sectional geometry. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Brezna, W. and Wanzenb{\"{o}}ck, H. and Lugstein, A. and Bertagnolli, E. and Gornik, E. and Smoliner, J.},
doi = {10.1016/S1386-9477(03)00330-8},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Scanning-capacitance-microscopy-investigati{\_}2003{\_}Physica-E--Low-dimensional-.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {5880136299},
issn = {13869477},
journal = {Phys. E Low-dimensional Syst. Nanostructures},
keywords = {Beam shape,Focused ion beam,Ion damage,Scanning capacitance microscopy},
month = {jul},
number = {1-2},
pages = {178--182},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy investigations of focused ion beam damage in silicon}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1386947703003308},
volume = {19},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Vorpahl2018,
abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2018 American Chemical Society.  We study the spontaneous polarization of the archetypal semiconducting halide perovskite methylammonium lead triiodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) that is currently being investigated for use in thin film solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Using both lateral and vertical piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to image polycrystalline thin films, we observed domains in the piezoresponse that reversibly appear and disappear below and above the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition temperature. Importantly, we observe these domains to exhibit a piezoresponse that is predominantly in-plane for films with the (110) plane oriented parallel to the substrate, providing a measure of the polarization associated with specific crystal planes. We characterize the polarization and its temporal response using both local switching spectroscopy and time-dependent PFM spectra. These data show hysteresis loops with the polarization switching with bias but relaxing back on time scales of several minutes. Our results suggest the existence of ferroelectric behavior due to off-center displacement of the Pb 2+ cation, although the local polarization response is complicated by the presence of local ionic and electronic conductivity. Understanding the nature of these domains paves the way for further optimization of optoelectronic devices using CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite material.},
annote = {Seattle; kurzes Anhealing f{\"{u}}hrt ebenfalss zu Streifen im PFM},
author = {Vorpahl, Sarah M. and Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Eperon, Giles E. and Hermes, Ilka M. and Weber, Stefan A.L. and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1021/acsaem.7b00330},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vorpahl et al. - 2018 - Orientation of Ferroelectric Domains and Disappearance upon Heating Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite fro.pdf:pdf},
issn = {25740962},
journal = {ACS Appl. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {ferroelectricity,hysteresis loop,methylammonium lead triiodide,perovskite,piezoresponse force microscopy,solar cells},
number = {4},
pages = {1534--1539},
title = {{Orientation of Ferroelectric Domains and Disappearance upon Heating Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite from Tetragonal to Cubic Phase}},
volume = {1},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Fumagalli2010,
abstract = {Quantitative measurement of the low-frequency dielectric constants of thick insulators at the nanoscale is demonstrated utilizing ac electrostatic force microscopy combined with finite-element calculations based on a truncated cone with hemispherical apex probe geometry. The method is validated on muscovite mica, borosilicate glass, poly(ethylene naphthalate), and poly(methyl methacrylate). The dielectric constants obtained are essentially given by a nanometric volume located at the dielectric-air interface below the tip, independently of the substrate thickness, provided this is on the hundred micrometer-length scale, or larger. {\textcopyright} 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {[29] from label free (Fumagalli2012)

resolved $\epsilon$r for flat and large insulating films by EFM},
author = {Fumagalli, L. and Gramse, G. and Esteban-Ferrer, D. and Edwards, M. A. and Gomila, G.},
doi = {10.1063/1.3427362},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.3427362.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {may},
number = {18},
pages = {183107},
title = {{Quantifying the dielectric constant of thick insulators using electrostatic force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3427362},
volume = {96},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Kutes2016,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on thin films of organolead trihalide perovskites (OTPs) hold unprecedented promise for low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics (PVs) of the future. While PV performance parameters of PSCs, such as short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and maximum power, are always measured at the macroscopic scale, it is necessary to probe such photoresponses at the nanoscale to gain key insights into the fundamental PV mechanisms and their localized dependence on the OTP thin-film microstructure. Here we use photoconductive atomic force microscopy spectroscopy to map for the first time variations of PV performance at the nanoscale for planar PSCs based on hole-transport-layer free methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) thin films. These results reveal substantial variations in the photoresponse that correlate with thin-film microstructural features such as intragrain planar defects, grains, grain boundaries, and notably also grain-aggregates. The insights gained into such microstructure-localized PV mechanisms are essential for guiding microstructural tailoring of OTP films for improved PV performance in future PSCs.},
annote = {Interessant TR (Ion Miration Review)

pc-AFM LICHT an und aus},
author = {Kutes, Yasemin and Zhou, Yuanyuan and Bosse, James L. and Steffes, James and Padture, Nitin P. and Huey, Bryan D.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04157},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kutes et al. - 2016 - Mapping the Photoresponse of CH3NH3PbI3 Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films at the Nanoscale.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15306992},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
keywords = {Hybrid perovskite,PV performance,conductive AFM,photovoltaics},
number = {6},
pages = {3434--3441},
title = {{Mapping the Photoresponse of CH3NH3PbI3 Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films at the Nanoscale}},
volume = {16},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Stephenson2000,
abstract = {Two metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors with different source and drain conditions were imaged using scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). SCM images were taken at several different biases to treat the SCM data properly. A shift of the junction position in the image was observed by varying the dc bias on the sample.},
annote = {Review out of (Smoliner2001)},
author = {Stephenson, Robert and {De Wolf}, Peter and Trenkler, Thomas and Hantschel, Thomas and Clarysse, Trudo and Jansen, Philippe and Vandervorst, Wilfried},
doi = {10.1116/1.591231},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Review{\_}SCM{\_}555{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734211X},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
number = {1},
pages = {555},
title = {{Practicalities and limitations of scanning capacitance microscopy for routine integrated circuit characterization}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/avs/jvb/article/18/1/555-559/1073062},
volume = {18},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Vetushka2012,
abstract = {The nanostructure of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) was investigated by Torsion Resonance (TR) Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). In this dynamic non-contact imaging mode a cantilever oscillates torsionally and the amplitude of oscillations is used for the AFM feedback. The technique includes benefits of the semicontact (tapping) mode and at the same time allows one to measure the local conductivity. Moreover, the phase signal is much stronger and fine structures of the CNWs were observed. We also present a comparison of the results obtained by TR, tapping, and contact modes. {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Vetushka, A. and Itoh, T. and Nakanishi, Y. and Fejfar, A. and Nonomura, S. and Ledinsk{\'{y}}, M. and Ko{\v{c}}ka, J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.12.094},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0022309311008179-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00223093},
journal = {J. Non. Cryst. Solids},
keywords = {Carbon nanowalls,Conductive atomic force microscopy,Nanostructures,Torsion resonance mode},
month = {sep},
number = {17},
pages = {2545--2547},
title = {{Conductive atomic force microscopy on carbon nanowalls}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022309311008179},
volume = {358},
year = {2012}
}
@article{MohdYusoff2021,
abstract = {Recent advances on passivation and morphology engineering approaches adopted to obtain high efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells are thoroughly reviewed.},
annote = {Passivation strateggies},
author = {{Mohd Yusoff}, Abd Rashid Bin and Vasilopoulou, Maria and Georgiadou, Dimitra G. and Palilis, Leonidas C. and Abate, Antonio and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja},
doi = {10.1039/D1EE00062D},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Passivation{\_}Perovskite{\_}d1ee00062d.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {5},
pages = {2906--2953},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Passivation and process engineering approaches of halide perovskite films for high efficiency and stability perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1EE00062D},
volume = {14},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Shao2014,
author = {Shao, Yuchuan and Xiao, Zhengguo and Bi, Cheng and Yuan, Yongbo and Huang, Jinsong},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms6784},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {5784},
title = {{Origin and elimination of photocurrent hysteresis by fullerene passivation in CH3NH3PbI3 planar heterojunction solar cells}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms6784},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Sharenko2017,
abstract = {Here we investigate the local structure present in single-step precursor solutions of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite as a function of organic and inorganic precursor ratio, as well as with hydriodic acid (HI), using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. An excess of organic precursor as well as the use of HI as a processing additive has been shown to lead to the formation of smooth, continuous, pinhole free MAPbI3 films, whereas films produced from precursor solutions containing molar equivalents of methylammonium iodide (MAI) and PbI2 lead to the formation of a discontinuous, needlelike morphology. We now show that as the amount of excess MAI in the precursor solution is increased, the iodide coordination of iodoplumbate complexes present in solution increases. The use of HI results in a similar increase in iodide coordination. We therefore offer insight into how solution chemistry can be used to control MAPbI3 thin film morphology by revealing a strong correlation between the lead coordination chemistry in precursor solutions and the surface coverage and morphology of the resulting MAPbI3 film.},
annote = {HI als Additiv? 

Glatte MAPI Schichten Herstellung},
author = {Sharenko, Alexander and Mackeen, Cameron and Jewell, Leila and Bridges, Frank and Toney, Michael F.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04917},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sharenko et al. - 2017 - Evolution of Iodoplumbate Complexes in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Precursor Solutions.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15205002},
journal = {Chem. Mater.},
number = {3},
pages = {1315--1320},
title = {{Evolution of Iodoplumbate Complexes in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Precursor Solutions}},
volume = {29},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Corrales2013a,
author = {Corrales, Tomas P and Laroze, David and Zardalidis, George and Floudas, George and Butt, Hans-j{\"{u}}rgen and Kappl, Michael},
doi = {10.1021/ma4007158},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/ma4007158{\_}si{\_}001.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0024-9297},
journal = {Macromolecules},
month = {sep},
number = {18},
pages = {7458--7464},
title = {{SI - Dynamic Heterogeneity and Phase Separation Kinetics in Miscible Poly(vinyl acetate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Blends by Local Dielectric Spectroscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma4007158},
volume = {46},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Bojar2022,
abstract = {In this study we analysed halide perovskite films deposited directly on crystalline silicon by means of two set-ups using different operating modes of the surface photovoltage ( SPV ) methods, i.e., the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) technique. The KPFM allowed to visualize surface potential distribution on a microscale while MIS technique allowed to study SPV spectral dependence. We studied wavelength dependent SPV of these samples, which allowed us to effectively vary the probe depth in the sample and discern the contribution from each interface to the overall effect measured under white light illumination. Depending on where the photocarriers are generated, different SPV signals are observed: at the perovskite/Si interface, the signal depends on Si doping type, while at the surface the SPV is always negative indicating downward surface band bending. This is confirmed by analysing SPV phase measured in the AC MIS mode. In addition, distinction between slow and fast processes contributing to measured SPV was possible. It has been observed, that with decreasing the illumination wavelength, the processes causing SPV become slower, which can indicate that high energy photons not only generate electronic photocarriers but can also induce chemical changes with creation of defects or ionic species that also modify the measured SPV .},
author = {Bojar, Aleksandra and Regaldo, Davide and Alvarez, Jos{\'{e}} and Alamarguy, David and Donchev, Vesselin and Georgiev, Stefan and Schulz, Philip and Kleider, Jean-Paul},
doi = {10.1051/epjpv/2022016},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}pv220017.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2105-0716},
journal = {EPJ Photovoltaics},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,Metal halide perovskites,Metal-insulator-semiconductor,Surface photovoltage},
month = {aug},
pages = {18},
title = {{Surface photovoltage characterisation of metal halide perovskite on crystalline silicon using Kelvin probe force microscopy and metal-insulator-semiconductor configuration}},
url = {https://www.epj-pv.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022016},
volume = {13},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Lee2016,
abstract = {We demonstrated crystallization retardation of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 thin film during single coating of precursor solution by simple addition of NaCl. NaCl was codissolved into a precursor mixture solution containing PbI 2 and methylammonium iodide (MAI). Dissolved NaCl interacted with the PbI 2 in solution and produced a stable intermediate phase, which was converted to a full-coverage uniform perovskite absorber layer via reaction with MAI during a single spin-coating. The resulting planar-structure perovskite solar cell made from NaCl-supplemented precursor solution showed a 48{\%} improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) (maximum value 15.16{\%}) over the device fabricated without the additive. Our NaCl-supplemented single coating represents an easy approach to effectively obtain highly reproducible uniform performance at an overall position in 5 cm × 5 cm sized cells (divided into 20 subcells with an active area of 0.06 cm 2 ) with average PCEs of 12.00 ± 0.48{\%}.},
annote = {NaCl als Additiv. bei 2-Step-Verfahren},
author = {Lee, Hongseuk and Kim, Areum and Kwon, Hyeok Chan and Yang, Wooseok and Oh, Yunjung and Lee, Daehee and Moon, Jooho},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.6b08783},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lee et al. - 2016 - Retarding Crystallization during Facile Single Coating of NaCl-Incorporated Precursor Solution for Efficient Large-A.pdf:pdf},
issn = {19448252},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {NaCl additive,film morphology,large-area fabrication,perovskite solar cells,single coating},
number = {43},
pages = {29419--29426},
title = {{Retarding Crystallization during Facile Single Coating of NaCl-Incorporated Precursor Solution for Efficient Large-Area Uniform Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {8},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Herrmann2022,
annote = {PDMS deposition technique

use for capacitance experiments},
author = {Herrmann, Kai and Lauster, Tobias and Song, Qimeng and Retsch, Markus},
doi = {10.1002/aesr.202100166},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Adv Energy and Sustain Res - 2021 - Herrmann - Homogeneous Polymer Films for Passive Daytime Cooling  Optimized Thickness.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2699-9412},
journal = {Adv. Energy Sustain. Res.},
keywords = {complex refractive index,radiative cooling,radiative heat transfer,thermal emission,thermal management},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {2100166},
title = {{Homogeneous Polymer Films for Passive Daytime Cooling: Optimized Thickness for Maximized Cooling Performance}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aesr.202100166},
volume = {3},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Muscarella2022,
abstract = {Halide double perovskites, A2MIMIIIX6, offer a vast chemical space for obtaining unexplored materials with exciting properties for a wide range of applications. The photovoltaic performance of halide double perovskites has been limited due to the large and/or indirect bandgap of the presently known materials. However, their applications extend beyond outdoor photovoltaics, as halide double perovskites exhibit properties suitable for memory devices, indoor photovoltaics, X-ray detectors, light-emitting diodes, temperature and humidity sensors, photocatalysts, and many more. This Perspective highlights challenges associated with the synthesis and characterization of halide double perovskites and offers an outlook on the potential use of some of the properties exhibited by this so far underexplored class of materials.},
annote = {Outlook of perovskites?},
author = {Muscarella, Loreta A. and Hutter, Eline M.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00811},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acsenergylett.2c00811.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {2128--2135},
title = {{Halide Double-Perovskite Semiconductors beyond Photovoltaics}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00811},
volume = {7},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Dittrich2017,
abstract = {The measurement of transient surface photovoltage (SPV) signals in a fixed capacitor arrangement over 12 orders of magnitude in time has been demonstrated for a SnO2:F/TiO2/In2S3 layer system under high vacuum. For this purpose, a high impedance buffer with a bandwidth above 200 MHz and an effective input resistance of 200-700 T$\Omega$ has been developed. Fast separation of photo generated charge carriers within ns and very slow relaxation of SPV signals excited with short laser pulses and the measurement of SPV spectra under continuous illumination with a halogen lamp were demonstrated.},
author = {Dittrich, Thomas and Fengler, Steffen and Franke, Michael},
doi = {10.1063/1.4983079},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dittrich, Fengler, Franke - 2017 - Transient surface photovoltage measurement over 12 orders of magnitude in time.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {053904},
pmid = {28571417},
title = {{Transient surface photovoltage measurement over 12 orders of magnitude in time}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983079 https://pubs.aip.org/rsi/article/88/5/053904/1003215/Transient-surface-photovoltage-measurement-over-12},
volume = {88},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Wang2018,
abstract = {The open-circuit voltage decay course in perovskite solar cells is studied in this work under the assistance of three techniques, i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, light intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, and open-circuit voltage decay. In contrast to what is known in dye-sensitized solar cells, where Voc decay is due to back transfer of electrons from the TiO2 conduction band to redox species in the electrolyte, we find that in perovskite solar cells, half of the voltage drop initially results from the fast depolarization of the perovskite layer. In other words, we observe that the polarization of perovskite film contributes to about half of the Voc in the device. The loss of the other half of Voc is found to be due to interfacial charge recombination.},
author = {Wang, Qiong},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01033},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wang - 2018 - Fast Voltage Decay in Perovskite Solar Cells Caused by Depolarization of Perovskite Layer.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {mar},
number = {9},
pages = {4822--4827},
title = {{Fast Voltage Decay in Perovskite Solar Cells Caused by Depolarization of Perovskite Layer}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01033},
volume = {122},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Lee2018a,
abstract = {In this work, we report the benefits of incorporating phenethylammonium cation (PEA+) into (HC(NH2)2PbI3)0.85(CH3NH3PbBr3)0.15 perovskite for the first time. After adding small amounts of PEA cation ({\textless}10{\%}), the perovskite film morphology is changed but, most importantly, grain boundaries are passivated. This is supported by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). The passivation results in the increase in photoluminescence intensity and carrier lifetimes of test structures and open-circuit voltages (VOC) of the devices as long as the addition of PEA+ is ≤4.5{\%}. The presence of higher-band-gap quasi-2D PEA incorporated perovskite is responsible for the grain boundary passivation, and the quasi-2D perovskites are also found to be concentrated near the TiO2 layer, revealed by PL spectroscopy. Results of moisture exposure tests show that PEA+ incorporation is effective in slowing down the degradation of unencapsulated devices compared to the control devices without PEA+. These findings provide insights into the operation of perovskite solar cells when large cations are incorporated.},
annote = {Prinzip der Passivierung

Saba Karlsruhe},
author = {Lee, Da Seul and Yun, Jae Sung and Kim, Jincheol and Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi and Chen, Sheng and Cho, Yongyoon and Deng, Xiaofan and Seidel, Jan and Lim, Sean and Huang, Shujuan and Ho-Baillie, Anita W.Y.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00121},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lee et al. - 2018 - Passivation of Grain Boundaries by Phenethylammonium in Formamidinium-Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {23808195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
number = {3},
pages = {647--654},
title = {{Passivation of Grain Boundaries by Phenethylammonium in Formamidinium-Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {3},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Paily2002,
author = {Paily, Roy and DasGupta, Amitava and DasGupta, Nandita and Bhattacharya, Pijush and Misra, Pankaj and Ganguli, Tapas and Kukreja, Lalit M and Balamurugan, A.K and Rajagopalan, S and Tyagi, A.K},
doi = {10.1016/S0169-4332(01)01040-6},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
month = {feb},
number = {3-4},
pages = {297--304},
title = {{Pulsed laser deposition of TiO2 for MOS gate dielectric}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433201010406},
volume = {187},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Giridharagopal2019a,
abstract = {We study light-induced dynamics in thin films comprising Ruddlesden-Popper phases of the layered 2D perovskite (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 . We probe ionic and electronic carrier dynamics using two complementary scanning probe methods, time-resolved G-mode Kelvin probe force microscopy and fast free time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy, as a function of position, time, and illumination. We show that the average surface photovoltage sign is dominated by the band bending at the buried perovskite-substrate interface. However, the film exhibits substantial variations in the spatial and temporal response of the photovoltage. Under illumination, the photovoltage equilibrates over hundreds of microseconds, a time scale associated with ionic motion and trapped electronic carriers. Surprisingly, we observe that the surface photovoltage of the 2D grain centers evolves more rapidly in time than at the grain boundaries. We propose that the slower evolution at grain boundaries is due to a combination of ion migration occurring between PbI 4 planes, as well as electronic carriers traversing grain boundary traps, thereby changing the time-dependent band unbending at grain boundaries. These results provide a model for the photoinduced dynamics in 2D perovskites and are a useful basis for interpreting photovoltage dynamics on hybrid 2D/3D structures.},
annote = {Interessant TR (Ion Miration Review)},
author = {Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Precht, Jake T. and Jariwala, Sarthak and Collins, Liam and Jesse, Stephen and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.8b08390},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Giridharagopal et al. - 2019 - Time-Resolved Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy of Layered Perovskites Reveals Spatial Variations i(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1936086X},
journal = {ACS Nano},
keywords = {G-Mode,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Layered perovskites,Ruddlesden{\^{a}}'Popper,big data microscopy,time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy},
number = {3},
pages = {2812--2821},
pmid = {30726060},
title = {{Time-Resolved Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy of Layered Perovskites Reveals Spatial Variations in Photoinduced Ionic and Electronic Carrier Motion}},
volume = {13},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Jiang2018,
abstract = {We report on nm-resolution imaging of charge-carrier distribution around local potential-induced degradation (PID) shunting defects using scanning capacitance microscopy. We imaged on cross sections of heavily field-degraded module areas, cored out and selected by mm-scale photoluminescence imaging. We found localized areas with abnormal carrier behavior induced by the PID defects: the apparent n-type carrier extends vertically into the absorber to ∼1–2 $\mu$m from the cell surface, and laterally in similar lengths; in defect-free areas, the n-type carrier extends ∼0.5 $\mu$m, which is consistent with the junction depth. For comparison, we also investigated areas of the same module exhibiting the least PID stress, and we found no such heavily damaged junction area. Instead, we found slightly abnormal carrier behavior, where the carrier-type inversion in the absorber did not occur, but the p-type carrier concentration changed slightly in a much smaller lateral length of ∼300 nm. These nano-electrical findings may indicate a possible mechanism that the existing extended defects, which may not be significantly harmful to cell performance, can be changed by PID to heavily damaged junction areas.},
author = {Jiang, C.-S. and Xiao, C. and Moutinho, H.R. and Johnston, S. and Al-Jassim, M.M. and Yang, X. and Chen, Y. and Ye, J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2017.12.025},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Imaging-charge-carriers-in-potential-induced-degradation-defects{\_}2018{\_}Solar-.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0038092X},
journal = {Sol. Energy},
keywords = {Nano-electrical property,Potential-induced degradation,Scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM),c-Si solar cell},
month = {mar},
number = {November 2017},
pages = {330--335},
title = {{Imaging charge carriers in potential-induced degradation defects of c-Si solar cells by scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X17311076},
volume = {162},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Mori2018,
author = {Mori, Taizo and Tanaka, Hiroyuki and Dalui, Amit and Mitoma, Nobuhiko and Suzuki, Kengo and Matsumoto, Mutsuyoshi and Aggarwal, Nikhil and Patnaik, Archita and Acharya, Somobrata and Shrestha, Lok Kumar and Sakamoto, Hirotoshi and Itami, Kenichiro and Ariga, Katsuhiko},
doi = {10.1002/ange.201803859},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/ange.201803859.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0044-8249},
journal = {Angew. Chemie},
month = {jul},
number = {31},
pages = {9827--9831},
title = {{Carbon Nanosheets by Morphology‐Retained Carbonization of Two‐Dimensional Assembled Anisotropic Carbon Nanorings}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ange.201803859},
volume = {130},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Ebhota2020,
abstract = {The rise in global urbanization comes with sustainable development challenges, especially in lower-middle-income countries. In response to these urbanization and energy challenges, this study focuses on the roles of energy materials (EMs) advances on community-scale hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). The study proposes the integration of energy material (EM) R{\&}D into HRES (EMR{\&}D-HRES). The study examines the economic benefits and the environmental and health consequences that trail the deployment of fossil fuels. Special attention was given to SSA, a region that—accommodates the highest population without modern energy; emits the least CO2 to the global CO2 emissions and yet endangered by climate change challenges and air pollution diseases. The study includes global responses to energy challenges, such as increase alternative energies share, with special attention to solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation technologies; policy framework; HRES and effects of PV materials advances on HRES. This study is of the view that a further breakthrough in the production of low-cost flexible thin film PV modules will facilitate energy trilemma accomplishment. The exploitation of the attributes of atomic layer deposition in manufacturing of thin film is seen as a potential future production technique, suitable for efficient flexible thin-film PV module production.},
annote = {Aussto{\ss} CO2 Quelle

Bedeutung der PVs},
author = {Ebhota, Williams S. and Jen, Tien Chien},
doi = {10.1007/s40684-019-00101-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ebhota, Jen - 2020 - Fossil Fuels Environmental Challenges and the Role of Solar Photovoltaic Technology Advances in Fast Tracking Hybri.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0123456789},
issn = {21980810},
journal = {Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. - Green Technol.},
keywords = {Atomic layer deposition,CIGS,CO2 emission,DSSCs,Energy materials R{\&}D,Fossil fuel,Photovoltaic cell,Renewable energy},
number = {1},
pages = {97--117},
publisher = {Korean Society for Precision Engineering},
title = {{Fossil Fuels Environmental Challenges and the Role of Solar Photovoltaic Technology Advances in Fast Tracking Hybrid Renewable Energy System}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-019-00101-9},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kimura2003,
abstract = {We developed scanning capacitance force microscopy (SCFM) capable of mapping local differential capacitance (∂C/∂V), based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), by detecting an electrostatic force (ESF) between a tip and a sample. While an electric field alternating at an angular frequency ($\omega$) is applied between the tip and the sample, an induced ESF oscillating at its third harmonic frequency (3$\omega$), which contain information on ∂C/∂V is detected using a lock-in amplifier (LIA). In this paper, we showed some dynamic-mode SCFM results obtained on a Si test sample. Clear dopant contrasts were obtained by dynamic-mode SCFM operated in air. An apparent position of the p-n junction was moved when an applied d.c. bias voltage was changed. A dynamic-mode SCFM image obtained in a vacuum condition utilizing frequency modulation (FM) detection method also showed clear dopant contrast. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Kimura, K. and Kobayashi, K. and Yamada, H. and Matsushige, K.},
doi = {10.1016/S0169-4332(02)01486-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0169433202014861-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {Angular frequency,Frequency modulation,Lock-in amplifier,Scanning capacitance force microscopy},
month = {mar},
number = {1-2},
pages = {93--98},
title = {{Two-dimensional dopant profiling by scanning capacitance force microscopy}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433202014861},
volume = {210},
year = {2003}
}
@article{WUL1945,
author = {WUL, B.},
doi = {10.1038/156480a0},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/er{\_}Titanates{\_}156480a0.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
month = {oct},
number = {3964},
pages = {480--480},
title = {{Dielectric Constants of Some Titanates}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/156480a0},
volume = {156},
year = {1945}
}
@article{Eames2015,
abstract = {Solar cells based on organic-inorganic halide perovskites have recently shown rapidly rising power conversion efficiencies, but exhibit unusual behaviour such as current-voltage hysteresis and a low-frequency giant dielectric response. Ionic transport has been suggested to be an important factor contributing to these effects; however, the chemical origin of this transport and the mobile species are unclear. Here, the activation energies for ionic migration in methylammonium lead iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3) are derived from first principles, and are compared with kinetic data extracted from the current-voltage response of a perovskite-based solar cell. We identify the microscopic transport mechanisms, and find facile vacancy-assisted migration of iodide ions with an activation energy of 0.6eV, in good agreement with the kinetic measurements. The results of this combined computational and experimental study suggest that hybrid halide perovskites are mixed ionic-electronic conductors, a finding that has major implications for solar cell device architectures.},
annote = {Quelle Struktur MAPI MA !!!},
author = {Eames, Christopher and Frost, Jarvist M. and Barnes, Piers R.F. and O'Regan, Brian C. and Walsh, Aron and Islam, M. Saiful},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms8497},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Eames et al. - 2015 - Ionic transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20411723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
number = {May},
pages = {2--9},
pmid = {26105623},
title = {{Ionic transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar cells}},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Basumatary2019,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a part of an emerging technology in photovoltaics (PV), which uses perovskite-structured hybrid compounds as light absorbers such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH 3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI 3). PSCs with a record certified efficiency of 22.1{\%} are among the fastest advancing PV technology; but PSCs suffer from fast degradation in the presence of moisture. PSCs prepared by a solution process have additional limitation of small device area. In order to improve the stability of perovskite layer, we have used a two-step method for depositing a perovskite layer. First step is the thermal evaporation of lead iodide (PbI 2) and second is dip coating (DC) in methylammonium iodide (CH 3NH 3I or MAI) solution to prepare a MAPbI 3 perovskite. At the same time, we have also used conventional spin coating (SC) for PbI 2 films and DC in MAI to obtain MAPbI 3 for a comparative study. The gradual formation of MAPbI 3 after dipping a PbI 2 film into MAI solution can be seen from X-ray diffraction patterns. Structural, optical and electrical properties of the MAPbI 3 films are also studied. Better stability of perovskite films was observed using vapour-deposited PbI 2 films as compared with spin-coated PbI 2 films.},
annote = {Ver{\"{a}}nderte L{\"{o}}sungsmittel solvents},
author = {Basumatary, Pilik and Agarwal, Pratima},
doi = {10.1007/s12034-019-1959-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Basumatary, Agarwal - 2019 - Two-step fabrication of MAPbI 3 perovskite thin films with improved stability.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09737669},
journal = {Bull. Mater. Sci.},
keywords = {Dip coating,MAPbI 3 perovskite,stability,thermal evaporation},
number = {6},
pages = {1--6},
publisher = {Indian Academy of Sciences},
title = {{Two-step fabrication of MAPbI 3 perovskite thin films with improved stability}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-019-1959-1},
volume = {42},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Rituper2013,
abstract = {In order to understand exocytosis and endocytosis, it is necessary to study these processes directly. An elegant way to do this is by measuring plasma membrane capacitance (Cm), a parameter proportional to cell surface area, the fluctuations of which are due to fusion and fission of secretory and other vesicles. Here we describe protocols that enable high-resolution C m measurements in macroscopic and microscopic modes. Macroscopic mode, performed in whole-cell configuration, is used for measuring bulk C m changes in the entire membrane area, and it enables the introduction of exocytosis stimulators or inhibitors into the cytosol through the patch pipette. Microscopic mode, performed in cell-attached configuration, enables measurements of Cm with attofarad resolution and allows characterization of fusion pore properties. Although we usually apply these protocols to primary pituitary cells and astrocytes, they can be adapted and used for other cell types. After initial hardware setup and culture preparation, several Cm measurements can be performed daily. {\textcopyright} 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.},
author = {Rituper, Bo{\v{s}}tjan and Gu{\v{c}}ek, Alenka and Jorga{\v{c}}evski, Jernej and Fla{\v{s}}ker, Ajda and Kreft, Marko and Zorec, Robert},
doi = {10.1038/nprot.2013.069},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/nprot.2013.069.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-2189},
journal = {Nat. Protoc.},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {1169--1183},
pmid = {23702833},
title = {{High-resolution membrane capacitance measurements for the study of exocytosis and endocytosis}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nprot.2013.069},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Hermes2016a,
abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2016 American Chemical Society. Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite shows an outstanding performance in photovoltaic devices. However, certain material properties, especially the possible ferroic behavior, remain unclear. We observed distinct nanoscale periodic domains in the piezoresponse of MAPbI3(Cl) grains. The structure and the orientation of these striped domains indicate ferroelasticity as their origin. By correlating vertical and lateral piezoresponse force microscopy experiments performed at different sample orientations with X-ray diffraction, the preferred domain orientation is suggested to be the a1-a2-phase. The observation of these ferroelastic fingerprints appears to strongly depend on the film texture and thus the preparation route. The ferroelastic twin domains could form due to the introduction of strain during the cubic-tetragonal phase transition.},
annote = {Entdeckungen von Ikla, Informationen zu Ferroelekrizit{\"{a}}t, Methode nach ihr},
author = {Hermes, Ilka M. and Bretschneider, Simon A. and Bergmann, Victor W. and Li, Dan and Klasen, Alexander and Mars, Julian and Tremel, Wolfgang and Laquai, Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric and Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen and Mezger, Markus and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger and Rodriguez, Brian J. and Weber, Stefan A. L.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11469},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hermes et al. - 2016 - Ferroelastic Fingerprints in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {mar},
number = {10},
pages = {5724--5731},
title = {{Ferroelastic Fingerprints in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11469},
volume = {120},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Pena-Camargo2022,
abstract = {Traditional inorganic semiconductors can be electronically doped with high precision. Conversely, there is still conjecture regarding the assessment of the electronic doping density in metal-halide perovskites, not to mention of a control thereof. This paper presents a multifaceted approach to determine the electronic doping density for a range of different lead-halide perovskite systems. Optical and electrical characterization techniques, comprising intensity-dependent and transient photoluminescence, AC Hall effect, transfer-length-methods, and charge extraction measurements were instrumental in quantifying an upper limit for the doping density. The obtained values are subsequently compared to the electrode charge per cell volume under short-circuit conditions ([Formula: see text]), which amounts to roughly 10 16 cm −3 . This figure of merit represents the critical limit below which doping-induced charges do not influence the device performance. The experimental results consistently demonstrate that the doping density is below this critical threshold (∼10 12 cm −3 , which means ≪ [Formula: see text]) for all common lead-based metal-halide perovskites. Nevertheless, although the density of doping-induced charges is too low to redistribute the built-in voltage in the perovskite active layer, mobile ions are present in sufficient quantities to create space-charge-regions in the active layer, reminiscent of doped pn-junctions. These results are well supported by drift–diffusion simulations, which confirm that the device performance is not affected by such low doping densities.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {2201.09664},
author = {Pe{\~{n}}a-Camargo, Francisco and Thiesbrummel, Jarla and Hempel, Hannes and Musiienko, Artem and {Le Corre}, Vincent M. and Diekmann, Jonas and Warby, Jonathan and Unold, Thomas and Lang, Felix and Neher, Dieter and Stolterfoht, Martin},
doi = {10.1063/5.0085286},
eprint = {2201.09664},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}Artem{\_}021409{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1931-9401},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Rev.},
month = {jun},
number = {2},
pages = {021409},
publisher = {AIP Publishing LLC},
title = {{Revealing the doping density in perovskite solar cells and its impact on device performance}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apr/article/2835479},
volume = {9},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Ghalichechian2015,
abstract = {The dielectric permittivity measurement of thick SU-8 film is presented for the entire frequency band of 1 GHz to 1 THz. SU-8 is a high-resolution UV-patternable photoresist that can be used for fabrication of high-aspect-ratio 3-D structures for millimeter-wave and terahertz devices. Here, we report the measured dielectric constant and loss tangent of SU-8 films using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. A quadratic polynomial model is established for the accurate calculation of complex permittivity up to 1 THz. The loss tangent of fully cross-linked 430-$\mu$m-thick SU-8 film was measured to be 0.015, 0.027, and 0.055 at 1, 200, and 1000 GHz, respectively. Similarly, relative permittivity was found to be 3.24, 3.23, and 2.92. The fabrication process and level of cross-linking were demonstrated to have significant impact on the loss behavior of this material and the impact of cross-linking on dielectric permittivity is quantified across a wide frequency band. The characterization results reported in this letter are a platform for developing next-generation millimeter-wave and terahertz devices.},
annote = {er of SU 8},
author = {Ghalichechian, Nima and Sertel, Kubilay},
doi = {10.1109/LAWP.2014.2380813},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ghalichechian, Sertel - 2015 - Permittivity and Loss Characterization of SU-8 Films for mmW and Terahertz Applications.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1536-1225},
journal = {IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.},
keywords = {Loss tangent,SU-8,millimeter-wave (mmW),permittivity,terahertz,time-domain spectroscopy},
pages = {723--726},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Permittivity and Loss Characterization of SU-8 Films for mmW and Terahertz Applications}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6982221/},
volume = {14},
year = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{Gal1996,
annote = {[18] in (Barnea-Nehoshtan2014)},
author = {Gal, D. and Beier, J. and Moons, E. and Hodes, G. and Cahen, D. and Kronik, L. and Burstein, L. and Mishori, B. and Leibovitch, M. and Shapira, Y. and Hariskos, D. and Klenk, R. and Schock, H.-W.},
booktitle = {AIP Conf. Proc.},
doi = {10.1063/1.49432},
issn = {0094243X},
pages = {453--464},
publisher = {AIP},
title = {{Band diagram and band line-up of the polycrystalline CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunction and its response to air annealing}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.49432},
volume = {353},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Hochwitz1996,
abstract = {A force‐based scanning Kelvin probe microscope has been used to image dopant profiles in silicon for integrated circuit devices on a submicron scale. By measuring the potential difference which minimizes the electrostatic force between a probe and surface of a sample, an estimate of the work function difference between the probe and surface may be made. To the extent that this work function difference is a consequence of the dopant concentration near the sample surface, doping profiles are inferred from the measurements. An overview of the measurement technique is presented, along with several examples of resulting dopant imaging of integrated circuits.},
author = {Hochwitz, Todd},
doi = {10.1116/1.588491},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}KPFM{\_}1.588491.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734211X},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {440},
title = {{Imaging integrated circuit dopant profiles with the force-based scanning Kelvin probe microscope}},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/14/1/10.1116/1.588491},
volume = {14},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Jaffe2016,
abstract = {We report the first high-pressure single-crystal structures of hybrid perovskites. The crystalline semiconductors (MA)PbX3 (MA = CH3NH3 +, X = Br- or I-) afford us the rare opportunity of understanding how compression modulates their structures and thereby their optoelectronic properties. Using atomic coordinates obtained from high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction we track the perovskites' precise structural evolution upon compression. These structural changes correlate well with pressure-dependent single-crystal photoluminescence (PL) spectra and high-pressure bandgaps derived from density functional theory. We further observe dramatic piezochromism where the solids become lighter in color and then transition to opaque black with compression. Indeed, electronic conductivity measurements of (MA)PbI3 obtained within a diamond-anvil cell show that the material's resistivity decreases by 3 orders of magnitude between 0 and 51 GPa. The activation energy for conduction at 51 GPa is only 13.2(3) meV, suggesting that the perovskite is approaching a metallic state. Furthermore, the pressure response of mixed-halide perovskites shows new luminescent states that emerge at elevated pressures. We recently reported that the perovskites (MA)Pb(BrxI1-x)3 (0.2 {\textless} x {\textless} 1) reversibly form light-induced trap states, which pin their PL to a low energy. This may explain the low voltages obtained from solar cells employing these absorbers. Our high-pressure PL data indicate that compression can mitigate this PL redshift and may afford higher steady-state voltages from these absorbers. These studies show that pressure can significantly alter the transport and thermodynamic properties of these technologically important semiconductors.},
annote = {Strukturen .cif Dateien},
author = {Jaffe, Adam and Lin, Yu and Beavers, Christine M. and Voss, Johannes and Mao, Wendy L. and Karunadasa, Hemamala I.},
doi = {10.1021/acscentsci.6b00055},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jaffe et al. - 2016 - High-pressure single-crystal structures of 3D lead-halide hybrid perovskites and pressure effects on their electro.pdf:pdf},
issn = {23747951},
journal = {ACS Cent. Sci.},
number = {4},
pages = {201--209},
title = {{High-pressure single-crystal structures of 3D lead-halide hybrid perovskites and pressure effects on their electronic and optical properties}},
volume = {2},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Bernhardsgrutter2019,
abstract = {Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) have proven to provide insights into the charge carrier dynamics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), though the interpretation of measured spectra is not straightforward. Using a one-dimensional drift-diffusion model, we investigate the effect of mobile ions on the small signal response of PSCs. The IMPS and IMVS response is derived by sinusoidal steady-state analysis and Fourier decomposition (FD) of the transient cell response to a light intensity step. The FD method links the time and frequency domain, giving an additional perspective for the interpretation of the results at the expense of numerical efficiency. The simulated spectra are characterized by two separate arcs, where the high-frequency response is attributed to the transport and recombination of electronic charges, while the low-frequency peak represents the transport of ions. We show that this model is able to reproduce qualitatively the measurements reported in the literature. The concepts presented in this paper are applicable for the analysis of the small signal response of any mixed ionic electronic conductor.},
author = {Bernhardsgr{\"{u}}tter, David and Schmid, Matthias M.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08457},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bernhardsgr{\"{u}}tter, Schmid - 2019 - Modeling of Intensity-Modulated PhotocurrentPhotovoltage Spectroscopy Effect of Mobile Ions on the Dyn.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {dec},
number = {50},
pages = {30077--30087},
title = {{Modeling of Intensity-Modulated Photocurrent/Photovoltage Spectroscopy: Effect of Mobile Ions on the Dynamic Response of Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08457},
volume = {123},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Perez-Cruz2012,
abstract = {Micro cantilever beams have been intensively used in sensing applications including to scanning profiles and surfaces where there resolution and imaging speed are critical. Force resolution is related to the Q-factor. When the micro-cantilever operates in air with small separation gaps, the Q-factor is even more reduced due to the squeeze-film damping effect. Thus, the optimization of the configuration of an AFM micro-cantilever is presented in this work with the objective of improving its Q-factor. To accomplish this task, we propose the inclusion of holes as breathing chimneys in the initial design to reduce the squeeze-film damping effect. The evaluation of the Q-factor was carried out using finite element model, which is implemented to work together with the squeeze-film damping model. The methodology applied in the optimization process was genetic algorithms, which considers as constraints the maximum allowable stress, fundamental frequency and spring constant with respect to the initial design. The results show that the optimum design, which includes holes with an optimal location, increases the Q-factor almost five times compared to the initial design. {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier B.V.},
annote = {Calculation of Q-factor},
author = {Perez-Cruz, Angel and Dominguez-Gonzalez, Aurelio and Stiharu, Ion and Osornio-Rios, Roque A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.01.014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Q{\_}factor{\_}calculation{\_}1-s2.0-S0304399112000265-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043991},
journal = {Ultramicroscopy},
keywords = {AFM,Genetic algorithms,Micro-cantilever,Optimization,Q-factor},
month = {apr},
pages = {61--67},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Optimization of Q-factor of AFM cantilevers using genetic algorithms}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.01.014 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304399112000265},
volume = {115},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Leguy2015,
abstract = {Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite can make high-efficiency solar cells, which also show an unexplained photocurrent hysteresis dependent on the device-poling history. Here we report quasielastic neutron scattering measurements showing that dipolar CH 3 NH 3 + ions reorientate between the faces, corners or edges of the pseudo-cubic lattice cages in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 crystals with a room temperature residence time of {\^{a}} 1/414{\^{a}} €‰ps. Free rotation, {\"{I}} €-flips and ionic diffusion are ruled out within a 1-200-ps time window. Monte Carlo simulations of interacting CH 3 NH 3 + dipoles realigning within a 3D lattice suggest that the scattering measurements may be explained by the stabilization of CH 3 NH 3 + in either antiferroelectric or ferroelectric domains. Collective realignment of CH 3 NH 3 + to screen a device's built-in potential could reduce photovoltaic performance. However, we estimate the timescale for a domain wall to traverse a typical device to be {\^{a}} 1/40.1-1{\^{a}} €‰ms, faster than most observed hysteresis.},
annote = {Struktur aus MA},
author = {Leguy, Aurelien M.A. and Frost, Jarvist Moore and McMahon, Andrew P. and Sakai, Victoria Garcia and Kochelmann, W. and Law, Chunhung and Li, Xiaoe and Foglia, Fabrizia and Walsh, Aron and O'Regan, Brian C. and Nelson, Jenny and Cabral, Jo{\~{a}}o T. and Barnes, Piers R.F.},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms8124},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Leguy et al. - 2015 - The dynamics of methylammonium ions in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20411723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
number = {May},
title = {{The dynamics of methylammonium ions in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells}},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Ding2020,
abstract = {Hybrid perovskite single-crystalline thin films are promising for making high-performance perovskite optoelectronic devices due to their superior physical properties. However, it is still challenging to incorporate them into multilayer devices because of their on-substrate growth. Here, a wet transfer method is used in transferring perovskite single-crystalline films perfectly onto various target substrates. More importantly, large millimeter-scaled single-crystalline films can be obtained via a diffusion-facilitated space-confined growth method as thin as a few hundred nanometers, which are capable of sustaining excellent crystalline quality and morphology after the transferring process. The availability of these crystalline films offers us a convenient route to further investigate their intrinsic properties of hybrid perovskites. We also demonstrate that the wet transfer method can be used for scalable fabrication of perovskite single-crystalline film-based photodetectors exhibiting a remarkable photoresponsivity. It is expected that this transferring strategy would promise broad applications of perovskite single-crystalline films for more complex perovskite devices.},
annote = {MAPI SCTF Paper 

from Yenal},
author = {Ding, Ran and Liu, Chun Ki and Wu, Zehan and Guo, Feng and Pang, Sin Yi and Wong, Lok Wing and Io, Weng Fu and Yuan, Shuoguo and Wong, Man Chung and Jedrzejczyk, Michal Bartlomiej and Zhao, Jiong and Yan, Feng and Hao, Jianhua},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00379},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ding et al. - 2020 - A General Wet Transferring Approach for Diffusion-Facilitated Space-Confined Grown Perovskite Single-Crystalline Op.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15306992},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
keywords = {FAPbBr3,Space-confined growth method,perovskite single-crystalline films,photodetectors,wet transfer method},
number = {4},
pages = {2747--2755},
pmid = {32186387},
title = {{A General Wet Transferring Approach for Diffusion-Facilitated Space-Confined Grown Perovskite Single-Crystalline Optoelectronic Thin Films}},
volume = {20},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Frank2009,
abstract = {We discuss options for metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) gate stack scaling with thin titanium nitride metal gate electrodes and high-permittivity ('high-k') gate dielectrics, aimed at gate-first integration schemes. Both options are based on further increasing permittivity of the dielectric stack. First, we show that hafnium-based stacks such as TiN/HfO2 can be scaled to capacitance equivalent thickness in inversion (Tinv) of 10 {\AA} and equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 6 {\AA} by using silicon nitride instead of silicon oxide as a high-k/channel interfacial layer. This is based on the higher dielectric constant of Si3N4 and on its resistance to oxidation. Although the nitrogen introduces positive fixed charges, carrier mobility is not degraded. Secondly, we investigate whether Ti-based 'higher-k' dielectrics have the potential to ultimately replace Hf. We discuss oxygen loss from TiO2 as a main challenge, and identify two migration pathways for such oxygen atoms: In addition to well-known down-diffusion and channel Si oxidation, we have newly observed oxygen up-diffusion through the TiN metal gate, forming SiO2 at the poly-Si contact. We further address the performance of Si3N4 and HfO2 as oxygen barrier layers. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Frank, Martin M. and Kim, SangBum and Brown, Stephen L. and Bruley, John and Copel, Matthew and Hopstaken, Marco and Chudzik, Michael and Narayanan, Vijay},
doi = {10.1016/j.mee.2009.03.063},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/high{\_}k{\_}dielectrics{\_}1-s2.0-S0167931709002330-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01679317},
journal = {Microelectron. Eng.},
keywords = {Field-effect transistors,Gate dielectrics,Hafnium oxide,Metal gate electrodes,Oxygen diffusion,Titanium oxide},
month = {jul},
number = {7-9},
pages = {1603--1608},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Scaling the MOSFET gate dielectric: From high-k to higher-k? (Invited Paper)}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2009.03.063 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167931709002330},
volume = {86},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Wang2021,
abstract = {The precise quantification of the impact of photoluminescence reabsorption (PLr) in metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains challenging. Herein, the PLr effect is examined by combined time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy and time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS) and a model is proposed that relates both, the PLr and nonradiative recombination rate (knr) to the quasi-Fermi-level splitting (QFLS). PLr is shown to be beneficial for QFLS when the nonradiative recombination rate (knr) is below a critical value of ≈7 × 105 s−1; at high knr PLr is detrimental to QFLS. By incorporating PLr into a two-diode model that allows extraction of the effective knr, the series resistance (rs), and the shunt resistance (rsh) in PSCs, it is found that neglecting PLr overestimates the effective knr, although it does not affect the value of rs and rsh. The findings herein provide insight into the impact of the PLr effect on metal-halide PSCs.},
author = {Wang, Mingcong and Wang, Kai and Gao, Yajun and Khan, Jafar I. and Yang, Wenchao and {De Wolf}, Stefaan and Laquai, Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric},
doi = {10.1002/solr.202100029},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wang et al. - 2021 - Impact of Photoluminescence Reabsorption in Metal-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2367198X},
journal = {Sol. RRL},
keywords = {nonradiative recombination,passivation strategies,perovskite solar cells,photon recycling,quantum efficiency,transient spectroscopy},
number = {5},
pages = {1--10},
title = {{Impact of Photoluminescence Reabsorption in Metal-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {5},
year = {2021}
}
@misc{Murphy,
author = {Murphy, Dallas},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/FINDING STRUCTURE.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--9},
title = {{FINDING STRUCTURE A Note to Advisors to Help Students Write Clear Papers}}
}
@article{ODea2012,
abstract = {Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has made significant contributions to our understanding of the sub-processes underlying photovoltaic action. These techniques allow local investigation of the electrical and optical properties of a material. Spatially resolved measurements of surface photovoltage and photocurrent have been particularly useful in understanding charge generation and separation. In thin-film inorganic solar cells, for example, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has revealed that charge separation does not occur at a heterojunction as expected, but instead occurs at a homojunction buried ∼50 nm within the absorbing layer. In organic photovoltaics, submicron maps of photocurrent have contributed to the understanding of the interplay between processing conditions, blend morphology, and device performance. Such functional imaging distinguishes SPM from complementary structural characterization techniques. Our goal in this article is to provide the materials science community with an appreciation for the capabilities, considerations, and limitations associated with SPM studies of solar cell materials and devices. Highlighted techniques include scanning tunneling microscopy, photoconductive atomic force microscopy, near-field scanning optical microscopy, KPFM, and time-resolved electric force microscopy. {\textcopyright} 2012 Materials Research Society.},
annote = {TR-EFM und KPFM als Methoden},
author = {O'Dea, James R. and Brown, Louisa M. and Hoepker, Nikolas and Marohn, John A. and Sadewasser, Sascha},
doi = {10.1557/mrs.2012.143},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/O'Dea et al. - 2012 - Scanning probe microscopy of solar cells From inorganic thin films to organic photovoltaics.pdf:pdf},
issn = {08837694},
journal = {MRS Bull.},
keywords = {Scanning probe microscopy (SPM),electronic material,organic,photovoltaic,thin film},
number = {7},
pages = {642--650},
title = {{Scanning probe microscopy of solar cells: From inorganic thin films to organic photovoltaics}},
volume = {37},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Leung2019,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells have been rapidly developed owning to their simple fabrication procedures, low cost and high efficiency. Currently, record efficiency of perovskite solar cells on rigid substrates exceeds 20{\%}. In general, solution process is used to synthesis the perovskite layer, i.e. MAPbI3. Although solution process is direct and simple, significant usage of organic solvent like chlorobenzene, which is used as anti-solvent during one-step solution process, is not environmentally friendly. In addition, solution processing at low temperatures results in small average grain sizes and poor crystallinity. Furthermore, the film morphology and properties are strongly dependent on fabrication conditions, and the presence of solvent vapor in the glovebox can significantly affect the repeatability and the reproducibility of the perovskite film properties, and consequently the solar cell performance. Thus, it is desirable to develop solvent-free process for the preparation of the perovskite film, different from vapour-deposition processes which would increase perovskite fabrication cost. Such a solvent-free processed perovskite film may lead to not only better efficiency with better film quality, but also more reproducible and greener fabrication process. Approaches of using solid state reaction between PbI2 and MAI will be focused to fabricate MAPbI3 films. After optimization of the solvent-free fabrication process, solar devices for both solvent-free and solution processed were fabricated for efficiency comparison.},
annote = {Solvent free method

Neues Herstellungsverfahren aber nicht so gut wie 2-Step-Verfahren},
author = {Leung, Tik Lun and Djuri{\v{s}}ic, Aleksandra B. and Tam, Ho Won and Liu, Fangzhou and Ng, Alan Man Ching and Chan, Wai Kin},
doi = {10.1117/12.2508209},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Leung et al. - 2019 - Environmentally friendly approach via solvent-free processed perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781510624801},
issn = {1996756X},
keywords = {environmentally friendly,perovskite,solar cells,solvent free},
number = {March 2019},
pages = {50},
title = {{Environmentally friendly approach via solvent-free processed perovskite solar cells}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Diao2014,
abstract = {Solution-based deposition techniques and strategies to control the morphology of organic semiconductor thin films are reviewed and discussed.While the chemical structure of organic semiconductors has an obvious effect on their proclivity for charge transport, the ways with which they are processed have a dramatic effect on the performance of plastic electronics devices incorporating them. In some cases, morphological defects and misalignment of crystalline grains can completely obscure the materials' intrinsic charge transport properties. Although some deposition methods, especially vapor-phase ones, can produce single crystals and thus avoid some of these problems, it is desirable to gain a fundamental understanding of how to improve charge transport when using solution-phase deposition techniques. In this review, we present both a survey of solution-based processing techniques for plastic electronics relevant on both the commercial and research scale and a set of strategies to control thin film morphology towards enhancing their electronic transport properties.},
annote = {Methoden zur Schichtherstellung inkl. Meniscus Guided Coating vom Poster Tag (Ende 2019)},
author = {Diao, Ying and Shaw, Leo and Bao, Zhenan and Mannsfeld, Stefan C B},
doi = {10.1039/c4ee00688g},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Diao et al. - 2014 - Morphology control strategies for solution-processed organic semiconductor thin films.pdf:pdf},
issn = {17545706},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {7},
pages = {2145--2159},
title = {{Morphology control strategies for solution-processed organic semiconductor thin films}},
volume = {7},
year = {2014}
}
@book{Ibach1999,
abstract = {Predicting the binding mode of flexible polypeptides to proteins is an important task that falls outside the domain of applicability of most small molecule and protein−protein docking tools. Here, we test the small molecule flexible ligand docking program Glide on a set of 19 non-$\alpha$-helical peptides and systematically improve pose prediction accuracy bynhancing Glide sampling for flexible polypeptides. In addition, scoring of the poses was improved by post-processing with physics-based implicit solvent MM- GBSA calculations. Using the best RMSD among the top 10 scoring poses as a metric, the success rate (RMSD ≤ 2.0 {\AA} for the interface backbone atoms) increased from 21{\%} with default Glide SP settings to 58{\%} with the enhanced peptide sampling and scoring protocol in the case of redocking to the native protein structure. This approaches the accuracy of the recently developed Rosetta FlexPepDock method (63{\%} success for these 19 peptides) while being over 100 times faster. Cross-docking was performed for a subset of cases where an unbound receptor structure was available, and in that case, 40{\%} of peptides were docked successfully. We analyze the results and find that the optimized polypeptide protocol is most accurate for extended peptides of limited size and number of formal charges, defining a domain of applicability for this approach.},
address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
author = {Ibach, Harald and L{\"{u}}th, Hans},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-07211-0},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Buch Festk{\"{o}}rperpysik{\_}Ibach{\_}978-3-662-07211-0.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-3-540-66074-3},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Springer-Lehrbuch},
title = {{Festk{\"{o}}rperphysik}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-07211-0},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Murawski2015,
abstract = {Knowledge on surface potential dynamics is crucial for understanding the performance of modern-type nanoscale devices. We describe an electrical pump-probe approach in Kelvin-probe force microscopy that enables a quantitative measurement of dynamic surface potentials at nanosecond-time and nanometer-length scales. Also, we investigate the performance of pump-probe Kelvin-probe force microscopy with respect to the relevant experimental parameters. We exemplify a measurement on an organic field effect transistor that verifies the undisturbed functionality of our pump-probe approach in terms of simultaneous and quantitative mapping of topographic and electronic information at a high lateral and temporal resolution.},
annote = {Dresden Lukas Eng --{\textgreater} time resolution limits
(Group Retreat Berlin)
pp-KPFM},
author = {Murawski, J. and Graupner, T. and Milde, P. and Raupach, R. and Zerweck-Trogisch, U. and Eng, L. M.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4933289},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4933289.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10897550},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
number = {15},
pages = {8},
title = {{Pump-probe Kelvin-probe force microscopy: Principle of operation and resolution limits}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4933289},
volume = {118},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Biener2011,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Biener, Juergen and Stadermann, Michael and Suss, Matthew and Worsley, Marcus A. and Biener, Monika M. and Rose, Klint A. and Baumann, Theodore F.},
doi = {10.1039/c0ee00627k},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {3},
pages = {656},
title = {{Advanced carbon aerogels for energy applications}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c0ee00627k},
volume = {4},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Butt2005,
abstract = {The atomic force microscope (AFM) is not only a tool to image the topography of solid surfaces at high resolution. It can also be used to measure force-versus-distance curves. Such curves, briefly called force curves, provide valuable information on local material properties such as elasticity, hardness, Hamaker constant, adhesion and surface charge densities. For this reason the measurement of force curves has become essential in different fields of research such as surface science, materials engineering, and biology. Another application is the analysis of surface forces per se. Some of the most fundamental questions in colloid and surface science can be addressed directly with the AFM: What are the interactions between particles in a liquid? How can a dispersion be stabilized? How do surfaces in general and particles in particular adhere to each other? Particles and surfaces interactions have major implications for friction and lubrication. Force measurements on single molecules involving the rupture of single chemical bonds and the stretching of polymer chains have almost become routine. The structure and properties of confined liquids can be addressed since force measurements provide information on the energy of a confined liquid film. After the review of Cappella [B. Cappella, G. Dietler, Surf. Sci. Rep. 34 (1999) 1-104] 6 years of intense development have occurred. In 1999, the AFM was used only by experts to do force measurements. Now, force curves are used by many AFM researchers to characterize materials and single molecules. The technique and our understanding of surface forces has reached a new level of maturity. In this review we describe the technique of AFM force measurements. Important experimental issues such as the determination of the spring constant and of the tip radius are discussed. Current state of the art in analyzing force curves obtained under different conditions is presented. Possibilities, perspectives but also open questions and limitations are discussed. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen and Cappella, Brunero and Kappl, Michael},
doi = {10.1016/j.surfrep.2005.08.003},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0167572905000488-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01675729},
journal = {Surf. Sci. Rep.},
keywords = {Atomic force microscope,Force curves,Surface forces},
month = {oct},
number = {1-6},
pages = {1--152},
title = {{Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167572905000488},
volume = {59},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Hermes2016b,
abstract = {Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite shows an outstanding performance in photovoltaic devices. However, certain material properties, especially the possible ferroic behavior, remain unclear. We observed distinct nanoscale periodic domains in the piezoresponse of MAPbI3(Cl) grains. The structure and the orientation of these striped domains indicate ferroelasticity as their origin. By correlating vertical and lateral piezoresponse force microscopy experiments performed at different sample orientations with X-ray diffraction, the preferred domain orientation is suggested to be the a1-a2-phase. The observation of these ferroelastic fingerprints appears to strongly depend on the film texture and thus the preparation route. The ferroelastic twin domains could form due to the introduction of strain during the cubic-tetragonal phase transition.},
author = {Hermes, Ilka M. and Bretschneider, Simon A. and Bergmann, Victor W. and Li, Dan and Klasen, Alexander and Mars, Julian and Tremel, Wolfgang and Laquai, Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric and Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen and Mezger, Markus and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger and Rodriguez, Brian J. and Weber, Stefan A. L.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11469},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.jpcc.5b11469.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {mar},
number = {10},
pages = {5724--5731},
title = {{Ferroelastic Fingerprints in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11469},
volume = {120},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Huber2020a,
abstract = {Frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy provides an outstanding precision of the measurement of chemical bonding forces. However, as the cantilever oscillates with an amplitude A that is usually on the order of atomic dimensions or even larger, blurring occurs. To extract a force versus distance curve from an experimental frequency versus distance spectrum, a deconvolution algorithm to recover the force from the experimental frequency shift is required. It has been recently shown that this deconvolution can be an ill-posed inversion problem causing false force-distance curves. Whether an inversion problem is well- or ill-posed is determined by two factors: the shape of the force-distance curve and the oscillation amplitude used for the measurement. A proper choice of the oscillation amplitude as proposed by the in ection point test of Sader et al. [Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 1088 (2018)] should avoid ill-posedness. Here, we experimentally validate their in ection point test by means of two experimental data sets: force-distance spectra over a single carbon monoxide molecule as well as a Fe trimer on Cu(111) measured with a set of deliberately chosen amplitudes. Furthermore, we comment on typical pitfalls which are caused by the discrete nature of experimental data and provide MATLAB code which can be used by everyone to perform this test with their own data.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {2001.11323},
author = {Huber, Ferdinand and Giessibl, Franz J.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0003291},
eprint = {2001.11323},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/2001.11323.pdf:pdf},
month = {jan},
title = {{Experimental demonstration of pitfalls and remedies for precise force deconvolution in frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.11323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0003291},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kumar2021,
abstract = {Graphene oxide (GO) was chemically synthesized by improved Hummer's method. The synthesis was confirmed by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. The dielectric relaxation studies of graphene oxide (GO) in the frequency range of 100 Hz - 1 MHz and in the temperature range of 77 - 475 K are reported here. At lower temperatures ({\textless}250 K), the measured ac conductivity shows linear variation with frequency. Whereas, at higher temperatures, it is almost independent of frequency as dc conductivity predominates in this region. In the dielectric measurement studies, it is observed that dielectric constant increases rapidly with temperature up to 300 K. Broad loss peaks are observed in the temperature region where the measured ac conductivity approaches dc conductivity. The behaviour of both high values of real as well as imaginary part of complex permittivity has been thoroughly investigated in the light of dielectric modulus formalism and is attributed to the interfacial polarization between insulating sp3 region and conducting sp2 domains. The material exhibits great potential towards giant dielectric constant applications.},
author = {Kumar, Ramesh and Kaur, Amarjeet},
doi = {10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108633},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/10.1016{\_}j.diamond.2021.108633.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09259635},
journal = {Diam. Relat. Mater.},
keywords = {Ac conductivity,Dielectric modulus,Dielectric permittivity,Graphene oxide},
month = {dec},
number = {May},
pages = {108633},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Low frequency AC conduction and dielectric spectroscopy investigations on graphene oxide using dielectric modulus approach}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108633 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925963521003964},
volume = {120},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Hegedus2004,
abstract = {Characterization of amorphous Si, CdTe, and Cu(InGa)Se 2 ‐based thin‐film solar cells is described with focus on the deviations in device behavior from standard device models. Quantum efficiency (QE), current–voltage ( J – V ), and admittance measurements are reviewed with regard to aspects of interpretation unique to the thin‐film solar cells. In each case, methods are presented for characterizing parasitic effects common in these solar cells in order to identify loss mechanisms and reveal fundamental device properties. Differences between these thin‐film solar cells and idealized devices are largely due to a high density of defect states in the absorbing layers and to parasitic losses due to the device structure and contacts. There is also commonly a voltage‐dependent photocurrent collection which affects J – V and QE measurements. The voltage and light bias dependence of these measurements can be used to diagnose specific losses. Examples of how these losses impact the QE, J – V , and admittance characterization are shown for each type of solar cell. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2004 John Wiley {\&} Sons, Ltd.},
annote = {[5] from {\{}Werner2019{\}}},
author = {Hegedus, Steven S. and Shafarman, William N.},
doi = {10.1002/pip.518},
issn = {1062-7995},
journal = {Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl.},
month = {mar},
number = {2-3},
pages = {155--176},
title = {{Thin‐film solar cells: device measurements and analysis}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.518},
volume = {12},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Tress2013,
annote = {Nanoparticles Dilution / Thinning of solution

Friedrich Kr{\"{a}}mer Leipzig

from Werner Steffen},
author = {Tress, M. and Mapesa, E. U. and Kossack, W. and Kipnusu, W. K. and Reiche, M. and Kremer, F.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1238950},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tress et al. - 2013 - Glassy Dynamics in Condensed Isolated Polymer Chains(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science (80-. ).},
month = {sep},
number = {6152},
pages = {1371--1374},
title = {{Glassy Dynamics in Condensed Isolated Polymer Chains}},
url = {https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1238950},
volume = {341},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Zhu2016,
abstract = {High-performance n- and p-type metal-oxide thin-film transistors are fabricated on ZrO x high- k dielectrics via a nontoxic water-inducement method.},
author = {Zhu, Chundan and Liu, Ao and Liu, Guoxia and Jiang, Guixia and Meng, You and Fortunato, Elvira and Martins, Rodrigo and Shan, Fukai},
doi = {10.1039/C6TC02607A},
issn = {2050-7526},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. C},
number = {45},
pages = {10715--10721},
title = {{Low-temperature, nontoxic water-induced high-k zirconium oxide dielectrics for low-voltage, high-performance oxide thin-film transistors}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TC02607A},
volume = {4},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Kyndiah2021,
abstract = {Probing nanoscale electrical properties of organic semiconducting materials at the interface with an electrolyte solution under externally applied voltages is key in the field of organic bioelectronics. It is demonstrated that the conductivity and interfacial capacitance of the active channel of an electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor (EGOFET) under operation can be probed at the nanoscale using scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode in liquid environment. Local electrostatic force versus gate voltage transfer characteristics are obtained on the device and correlated with the global current–voltage transfer characteristics of the EGOFET. Nanoscale maps of the conductivity of the semiconducting channel show the dependence of the channel conductivity on the gate voltage and its variation along the channel due to the space charge limited conduction. The maps reveal very small electrical heterogeneities, which correspond to local interfacial capacitance variations due to an ultrathin non-uniform insulating layer resulting from a phase separation in the organic semiconducting blend. Present results offer insights into the transduction mechanism at the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces at scales down to ≈100 nm, which can bring substantial optimization of organic electronic devices for bioelectronic applications such as electrical recording on excitable cells or label-free biosensing.},
annote = {From Duplicate 1 (Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation - Kyndiah, Adrica; Checa, Mart{\'{i}}; Leonardi, Francesca; Millan‐Solsona, Ruben; Di Muzio, Martina; Tanwar, Shubham; Fumagalli, Laura; Mas‐Torrent, Marta; Gomila, Gabriel)

full paper SI dar{\"{u}}ber

kein SCM

From Duplicate 2 (Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation - Kyndiah, Adrica; Checa, Mart{\'{i}}; Leonardi, Francesca; Millan‐Solsona, Ruben; Di Muzio, Martina; Tanwar, Shubham; Fumagalli, Laura; Mas‐Torrent, Marta; Gomila, Gabriel)

Application of our SCM or outlook?},
author = {Kyndiah, Adrica and Checa, Mart{\'{i}} and Leonardi, Francesca and Millan‐Solsona, Ruben and {Di Muzio}, Martina and Tanwar, Shubham and Fumagalli, Laura and Mas‐Torrent, Marta and Gomila, Gabriel},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.202008032},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kyndiah et al. - 2020 - Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect T.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}paper.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1616-301X},
journal = {Adv. Funct. Mater.},
keywords = {atomic force microscopy,bioelectronic devices,electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors,in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy,organic semiconducting blend},
month = {jan},
number = {5},
pages = {2008032},
title = {{Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202008032},
volume = {31},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Binnig1982,
abstract = {Surface microscopy using vacuum tunneling is demonstrated for the first time. Topographic pictures of surfaces on an atomic scale have been obtained. Examples of resolved monoatomic steps and surface reconstructions are shown for (110) surfaces of CalrSn4 and Au.},
annote = {Erfindung STM Binnung Rohrer},
author = {Binnig, G. and Rohrer, H and Gerber, Ch and Weibel, E},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Binnig et al. - 1982 - Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {1},
pages = {57--61},
title = {{Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57},
volume = {49},
year = {1982}
}
@article{Akin2020,
abstract = {Lead halide perovskite solar cells now show excellent efficiencies and encouraging levels of stability. Further improvements in performance require better control of the trap states which are considered to be associated with vacancies and defects at crystallite surfaces. Herein, a reflection on the ways in which these traps can be mitigated is presented by improving the quality of the perovskite layer and interfaces in fully assembled device configurations. In this review, the most recent design strategies reported in the literature, which have been explored to tune grain orientation, to passivate defects, and to improve charge-carrier lifetimes, are presented. Specifically, the advances made with single-cation, mixed-cation and/or mixed-halide, and 3D/2D bilayer-based light absorbers are discussed. The interfacial, compositional, and band alignment engineering along with their consequent effects on the open-circuit voltage, power conversion efficiency, and stability are a particular focus.},
author = {Akin, Seckin and Arora, Neha and Zakeeruddin, Shaik M. and Gr{\"{a}}tzel, Michael and Friend, Richard H. and Dar, M. Ibrahim},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201903090},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Akin et al. - 2020 - New Strategies for Defect Passivation in High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146840},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {2D–3D,defects,efficiency,engineering,mixed-cation-halide,passivation,perovskite solar cells,stability},
number = {13},
pages = {1--29},
title = {{New Strategies for Defect Passivation in High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Walsh2015,
author = {Walsh, Aron and Scanlon, David O. and Chen, Shiyou and Gong, X. G. and Wei, Su‐Huai},
doi = {10.1002/ange.201409740},
issn = {0044-8249},
journal = {Angew. Chemie},
month = {feb},
number = {6},
pages = {1811--1814},
title = {{Self‐Regulation Mechanism for Charged Point Defects in Hybrid Halide Perovskites}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ange.201409740},
volume = {127},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Liu2016,
abstract = {The exciton relaxation process of CsPbI 3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has been investigated by using transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The hot exciton relaxation process is confirmed to exist in the CsPbI 3 NCs, through comparing the TA data of CsPbI 3 NCs in low and high energy excitonic states. In addition, the Auger recombination and intrinsic decay paths also participate in the relaxation process of CsPbI 3 NCs, even the number of exciton per NC is estimated to be less than 1. Excitation intensity-dependent TA data further confirms the existence of Auger recombination. Meanwhile, the spectral data also confirms that the weight of hot exciton also increase together with that of Auger recombination at high excitation intensity when CsPbI 3 NCs in high energy excitonic states.},
author = {Liu, Qinghui and Wang, Yinghui and Sui, Ning and Wang, Yanting and Chi, Xiaochun and Wang, Qianqian and Chen, Ying and Ji, Wenyu and Zou, Lu and Zhang, Hanzhuang},
doi = {10.1038/srep29442},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Liu et al. - 2016 - Exciton Relaxation Dynamics in Photo-Excited CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystals.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2045-2322},
journal = {Sci. Rep.},
month = {jul},
number = {1},
pages = {29442},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Exciton Relaxation Dynamics in Photo-Excited CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystals}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep29442 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep29442},
volume = {6},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Casuso2007a,
abstract = {Nanoscale capacitance images of purple membrane layers are obtained simultaneously to topography in a nondestructive manner by operating alternating current sensing atomic force microscopy in jumping mode. Capacitance images show excellent agreement with theoretical modeling and prove to be a noninvasive method for measuring the thickness of purple membrane layers beyond the single monolayer limit with nanoscale lateral spatial resolution. With the ability of spatially resolving the capacitance while preserving the sample from damaging, this technique can be applied for nanoscale thickness measurement of other biological layers and soft materials in general.},
author = {Casuso, Ignacio and Fumagalli, Laura and Gomila, Gabriel and Padr{\'{o}}s, Esteve},
doi = {10.1063/1.2767979},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.2767979.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {aug},
number = {6},
title = {{Nondestructive thickness measurement of biological layers at the nanoscale by simultaneous topography and capacitance imaging}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/91/6/063111/326476/Nondestructive-thickness-measurement-of-biological},
volume = {91},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Collins2016,
abstract = {Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has provided deep insights into the local electronic, ionic and electrochemical functionalities in a broad range of materials and devices. In classical KPFM, which utilizes heterodyne detection and closed loop bias feedback, the cantilever response is down-sampled to a single measurement of the contact potential difference (CPD) per pixel. This level of detail, however, is insufficient for materials and devices involving bias and time dependent electrochemical events; or at solid-liquid interfaces, where non-linear or lossy dielectrics are present. Here, we demonstrate direct recovery of the bias dependence of the electrostatic force at high temporal resolution using General acquisition Mode (G-Mode) KPFM. G-Mode KPFM utilizes high speed detection, compression and storage of the raw cantilever deflection signal in its entirety at high sampling rates. We show how G-Mode KPFM can be used to capture nanoscale CPD and capacitance information with a temporal resolution much faster than the cantilever bandwidth, determined by the modulation frequency of the AC voltage. In this way, G-Mode KPFM offers a new paradigm to study dynamic electric phenomena in electroactive interfaces as well as a promising route to extend KPFM to the solid-liquid interface.},
author = {Collins, Liam and Belianinov, Alex and Somnath, Suhas and Balke, Nina and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Jesse, Stephen},
doi = {10.1038/srep30557},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Collins{\_}2016{\_}G{\_}mode{\_}srep30557.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2045-2322},
journal = {Sci. Rep.},
month = {aug},
number = {1},
pages = {30557},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Full data acquisition in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Mapping dynamic electric phenomena in real space}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/srep30557},
volume = {6},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Jouhara2018,
author = {Jouhara, Hussam and Olabi, Abdul Ghani},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.013},
issn = {03605442},
journal = {Energy},
month = {oct},
pages = {1--2},
title = {{Editorial: Industrial waste heat recovery}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544218313070},
volume = {160},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Shaikh2022,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Shaikh, Gaushiya A. and Cornil, David and Gupta, Sanjeev K. and Ahuja, Rajeev and Gajjar, P. N.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c00482},
issn = {0887-0624},
journal = {Energy {\&} Fuels},
month = {jul},
number = {13},
pages = {7087--7095},
title = {{Prominent Electrode Material for Na-, K-, and Mg-ion Batteries: 2D $\beta$-Sb Monolayer}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c00482},
volume = {36},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Collins2018a,
abstract = {Fundamental mechanisms of energy storage, corrosion, sensing, and multiple biological functionalities are directly coupled to electrical processes and ionic dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces. In many cases, these processes are spatially inhomogeneous taking place at grain boundaries, step edges, point defects, ion channels, etc and possess complex time and voltage dependent dynamics. This necessitates time-resolved and real-space probing of these phenomena. In this review, we discuss the applications of force-sensitive voltage modulated scanning probe microscopy (SPM) for probing electrical phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces. We first describe the working principles behind electrostatic and Kelvin probe force microscopies (EFM {\&} KPFM) at the gas-solid interface, review the state of the art in advanced KPFM methods and developments to (i) overcome limitations of classical KPFM, (ii) expand the information accessible from KPFM, and (iii) extend KPFM operation to liquid environments. We briefly discuss the theoretical framework of electrical double layer (EDL) forces and dynamics, the implications and breakdown of classical EDL models for highly charged interfaces or under high ion concentrations, and describe recent modifications of the classical EDL theory relevant for understanding nanoscale electrical measurements at the solid-liquid interface. We further review the latest achievements in mapping surface charge, dielectric constants, and electrodynamic and electrochemical processes in liquids. Finally, we outline the key challenges and opportunities that exist in the field of nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid as well as providing a roadmap for the future development of liquid KPFM.},
annote = {Review on differnet modes},
author = {Collins, Liam and Kilpatrick, Jason I. and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Rodriguez, Brian J.},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6633/aab560},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Collins{\_}2018{\_}Rep.{\_}Prog.{\_}Phys.{\_}81{\_}086101.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-4885},
journal = {Reports Prog. Phys.},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,atomic force microscopy,electrostatic force microscopy,liquid KPFM,scanning probe microscopy,solid liquid interface},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {086101},
pmid = {29990308},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6633/aab560},
volume = {81},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Narchi2017,
abstract = {Nanoscale investigation of material properties is of high interest for improving photovoltaic devices. In this work, we present a technique to assess minority carrier lifetime at nanoscale. To do so, we use Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy on the cross-section of an epitaxial silicon solar cell under modulated frequency electrical bias. Our measurements present a good spatial and temporal agreement with standard material characterization techniques.},
annote = {lesen f{\"{u}}r pp-KPFM},
author = {Narchi, Paul and Cariou, Romain and Foldyna, Martin and Prod'Homme, Patricia and Cabarrocas, Pere Roca I.},
doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366875},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Nanoscale{\_}Investigation{\_}of{\_}Carrier{\_}Lifetime{\_}on{\_}the{\_}Cross{\_}Section{\_}of{\_}Epitaxial{\_}Silicon{\_}Solar{\_}Cells{\_}Using{\_}Kelvin{\_}Probe{\_}Force{\_}Microscopy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781509056057},
journal = {2017 IEEE 44th Photovolt. Spec. Conf. PVSC 2017},
keywords = {Carrier Lifetime,Epitaxial Silicon,Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy,Modulated Frequency,Silicon,Thin Film Solar Cells},
number = {6},
pages = {1--6},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Nanoscale investigation of carrier lifetime on the cross-section of epitaxial silicon solar cells using Kelvin probe force microscopy}},
volume = {6},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Wu2021,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising third-generation photovoltaic (PV) technology developed rapidly in recent years. Further improvement of their power conversion efficiency is focusing on reducing the non-radiative charge recombination induced by the defects in metal halide perovskites. So far, defect passivation by the organic small molecule has been considered as a promising approach for boosting the PSC performance owing to their large structure flexibility adapting to passivating variable kinds of defect states and perovskite compositions. Here, the recent progress of defect passivation toward efficient and stable PSCs was reviewed from the viewpoint of molecular structure design and device performance. To comprehensively reveal the structure-performance correlation of passivation molecules, it was separately discussed how the functional groups, organic frameworks, and side chains affect the corresponding PV parameters of PSCs. Finally, a guideline was provided for researchers to select more suitable passivation agents, and a perspective was given on future trends in development of passivation strategies.},
author = {Wu, Tianhao and Li, Xing and Qi, Yabing and Zhang, Yiqiang and Han, Liyuan},
doi = {10.1002/cssc.202101573},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/ChemSusChem - 2021 - Wu - Defect Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells  from Molecule Design to Device Performance.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1864-5631},
journal = {ChemSusChem},
keywords = {defect passivation,energy conversion,molecular design,perovskite solar cells,photovoltaics},
month = {oct},
number = {20},
pages = {4354--4376},
pmid = {34424613},
title = {{Defect Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells: from Molecule Design to Device Performance}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cssc.202101573},
volume = {14},
year = {2021}
}
@misc{ZurichInstruments2021,
abstract = {Kelvin probe force microscopy (abbreviated as KPFM, KFM or SKFM) is a technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) that is used to study the electronic properties of nanoscale materials and devices. KPFM quantifies the local contact potential difference (CPD) between an AFM probe and the sample surface by detecting a capacitive electrostatic force. In the case of metal surfaces, the KPFM signal is directly related to the work function of the material, while for semiconductor CPD will be related to the doping profiles of semiconductors or surface photo-voltage (SPV) of photo-sensitive thin films. Most KPFM methods described on this page are referred to as closed-loop single-pass techniques, where the local CPD is actively tracked and imaged at the same time as the surface topography or other force contributions. Open-loop variants of KPFM can be seen as an extension to electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), where a sinusoidal electric modulation gives rise to three spectral components: a static DC term, and two AC components at the fundamental and second harmonic of the bias modulation frequency. When the CPD is not actively tracked by a feedback loop, its value can be computed from the 2 AC components in the so-called dual-harmonic (DH-KPFM) mode; this is particularly relevant for measurements in liquids.},
annote = {Webseite https://www.zhinst.com/others/en/applications/scanning-probe-microscopy/kelvin-probe-force-microscopy-kpfm

f{\"{u}}r Abbildung KPFM


au{\ss}erdem beachten
https://blogs.zhinst.com/romain/directfm-kpfm/},
author = {{Zurich Instruments}},
doi = {https://www.zhinst.com/others/en/applications/scanning-probe-microscopy/kelvin-probe-force-microscopy-kpfm},
title = {{Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) (https://www.zhinst.com/others/ en/applications/scanning-probe-microscopy/kelvin-probe-force-microscopy-kpfm; Abgerufen am 28.02.2021)}},
url = {https://www.zhinst.com/others/en/applications/scanning-probe-microscopy/kelvin-probe-force-microscopy-kpfm},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Patel2021,
abstract = {A novel approach is explored by mixing a giant dielectric constant ceramic powder CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) with varying concentrations of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The CCTO/PVDF nanocomposite films were synthesized through the hot-press method. We found a high dielectric constant ({\~{}}142) for 40 vol{\%} PVDF content in CCTO/PVDF nanocomposite film. The effective medium theory predicted the theoretical value of effective dielectric constant of CCTO/PVDF nanocomposite film, which is best fitted with experimental data. We report a very low value of dielectric loss ({\~{}}0.027) for 70 vol{\%} PVDF content in CCTO/PVDF nanocomposite film, which is due to the formation of $\beta$ phase of PVDF in the samples. The formation of $\beta$ phase of PVDF is confirmed by the fibril structure.},
author = {Patel, Piyush Kumar and Rani, Jyoti and Yadav, K.L.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.12.157},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/10.1016{\_}j.ceramint.2020.12.157.pdf:pdf},
issn = {02728842},
journal = {Ceram. Int.},
keywords = {Atomic force microscopy,Dielectric properties,Hot pressing,Nanocomposites},
month = {apr},
number = {7},
pages = {10096--10103},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Effective strategies for reduced dielectric loss in ceramic/ polymer nanocomposite film}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.12.157 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272884220337718},
volume = {47},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Kyndiah2021si,
abstract = {Probing nanoscale electrical properties of organic semiconducting materials at the interface with an electrolyte solution under externally applied voltages is key in the field of organic bioelectronics. It is demonstrated that the conductivity and interfacial capacitance of the active channel of an electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor (EGOFET) under operation can be probed at the nanoscale using scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode in liquid environment. Local electrostatic force versus gate voltage transfer characteristics are obtained on the device and correlated with the global current–voltage transfer characteristics of the EGOFET. Nanoscale maps of the conductivity of the semiconducting channel show the dependence of the channel conductivity on the gate voltage and its variation along the channel due to the space charge limited conduction. The maps reveal very small electrical heterogeneities, which correspond to local interfacial capacitance variations due to an ultrathin non-uniform insulating layer resulting from a phase separation in the organic semiconducting blend. Present results offer insights into the transduction mechanism at the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces at scales down to ≈100 nm, which can bring substantial optimization of organic electronic devices for bioelectronic applications such as electrical recording on excitable cells or label-free biosensing.},
annote = {Supporting Information 
Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte Gated Organic Field Effect Transistor under Operation},
author = {Kyndiah, Adrica and Checa, Mart{\'{i}} and Leonardi, Francesca and Millan‐Solsona, Ruben and {Di Muzio}, Martina and Tanwar, Shubham and Fumagalli, Laura and Mas‐Torrent, Marta and Gomila, Gabriel},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.202008032},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kyndiah et al. - 2020 - Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effec(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1616-301X},
journal = {Adv. Funct. Mater.},
keywords = {atomic force microscopy,bioelectronic devices,electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors,in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy,organic semiconducting blend},
month = {jan},
number = {5},
pages = {2008032},
title = {{SI: Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202008032},
volume = {31},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Prashanthan2023,
author = {Prashanthan, Karunanantharajah and Levine, Igal and Musiienko, Artem and Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio and Hempel, Hannes and Lips, Klaus and Unold, Thomas and Stolterfoht, Martin and Dittrich, Thomas and MacQueen, Rowan W.},
doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2023.106365},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}Artem{\_}PIIS258900422300442X.pdf:pdf},
issn = {25890042},
journal = {iScience},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {106365},
publisher = {The Author(s)},
title = {{Internal electric fields control triplet formation in halide perovskite-sensitized photon upconverters}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106365 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S258900422300442X},
volume = {26},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Malinauskaite2020,
author = {Malinauskaite, Jurgita and Jouhara, Hussam and Egilegor, Bakartxo and Al-Mansour, Fouad and Ahmad, Lujean and Pusnik, Matevz},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2020.118398},
issn = {03605442},
journal = {Energy},
month = {oct},
pages = {118398},
title = {{Energy efficiency in the industrial sector in the EU, Slovenia, and Spain}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S036054422031505X},
volume = {208},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Barrows2014,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells prepared via spray-deposition of the active layer have been realized, advancing this promising technology towards roll-to-roll compatible processing methods.},
author = {Barrows, Alexander T. and Pearson, Andrew J. and Kwak, Chan Kyu and Dunbar, Alan D. F. and Buckley, Alastair R. and Lidzey, David G.},
doi = {10.1039/C4EE01546K},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {9},
pages = {2944--2950},
title = {{Efficient planar heterojunction mixed-halide perovskite solar cells deposited via spray-deposition}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4EE01546K},
volume = {7},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Abraham1991,
abstract = {Recently, high-resolution mapping of dopant concentration has been demonstrated with the scanning capacitance microscope (SCM). Here, we demonstrate that a similar measurement can be made with the atomic force microscope using the previously demonstrated capacitive force sensing mode. By applying appropriate bias to the force tip, depletion-induced capacitive variation is mapped over regions of varying dopant density. This method has a predicted sensitivity comparable to the SCM, and in addition allows imaging of trapped charge, as well as an independent measurement of the surface topography. Results of first-order model calculations are presented which give estimates as to the limits in sensitivity and resolution of this method.},
annote = {indued electric field to detect SCM [10] of (Kimara2003)},
author = {Abraham, David W.},
doi = {10.1116/1.585536},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.585536.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734211X},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
month = {mar},
number = {2},
pages = {703},
title = {{Lateral dopant profiling in semiconductors by force microscopy using capacitive detection}},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/9/2/10.1116/1.585536},
volume = {9},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Jin2007,
abstract = {An unusual and rather large transient lateral photovoltage (LPV) has been observed in La0.9Sr0.1MnO3∕SrNb0.01Ti0.99O3 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3∕Si heterojunctions under the nonuniform irradiation of pulsed laser. The irreversible LPVs on both sides of a p-n junction challenge the well established model for LPV in conventional semiconductor p-n junctions, which can be well explained by the Dember effect. Much larger LPV is observed in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3∕Si than that in La0.9Sr0.1MnO3∕SrNb0.01Ti0.99O3. Similar results measured from both substrates of SrNb0.01Ti0.99O3 and Si also support such a Dember effect. Much larger LPVs in heterojunctions than those in simple samples (SrNb0.01Ti0.99O3 or Si) suggest a potential application of Dember effect in heterostructures.},
author = {Jin, Kui-Juan and Zhao, Kun and Lu, Hui-Bin and Liao, Leng and Yang, Guo-Zhen},
doi = {10.1063/1.2772772},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/1.2772772.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {081906},
title = {{Dember effect induced photovoltage in perovskite p-n heterojunctions}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/91/8/081906/326545/Dember-effect-induced-photovoltage-in-perovskite-p},
volume = {91},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Mazhar2022,
abstract = {This review is focusing on photocatalytic hydrogen (H 2 ) production as a viable fuel. The limitations of different production methods for H 2 generation and the importance of photocatalytic process are discussed, which renders this process as highly promising to meet the future energy crises. TiO 2 is one of most effective material to generate the H 2 via photocatalytic processes. Therefore, advantages of the catalyst over other semiconductors have been thoroughly analyzed. Starting from synthesis of TiO 2 and factors affecting the whole process of photocatalytic H 2 production have been discussed. Modifications for improvement in TiO 2 and the photocatalytic reaction are critically reviewed as well as the mechanism of TiO 2 modification has been described. Metal doping, non-metal doping, impurity addition and defect introduction processes have been analyzed and the comparison of experimental results is developed based on H 2 production efficiency. A critical review of the literature from 2004 to 2021 concludes that H 2 production as fuel using TiO 2 photocatalytic method is efficient and environment friendly, which have potential for practical applications for H 2 generation.},
annote = {[1 - 9] from {\{}Elayarani2024{\}}},
author = {Mazhar, Fatima and Kausar, Abida and Iqbal, Munawar},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2022-0075},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
month = {dec},
number = {11-12},
pages = {1697--1728},
title = {{Photocatalytic hydrogen generation using TiO 2 : a state-of-the-art review}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2022-0075/html},
volume = {236},
year = {2022}
}
@article{DeQuilettes2022,
abstract = {A comprehensive framework for modeling energy carrier transport upon optical excitation in both excitonic and free carrier semiconductors is developed and applied. Using metal halide perovskite thin films as a model system, we demonstrate that processes such as nonlinear recombination and photon recycling can have a significant impact on the measured energy carrier profiles, especially for excitonic materials with short radiative lifetimes. Additionally, we find that film microstructure can lead to unique transport profiles that strongly depend on the material boundary behavior and the differences between the domain feature size and the energy carrier diffusion length. Our analysis provides a rigorous model of energy transport in semiconducting materials and a detailed assessment of the fundamental parameters needed for the design and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices.},
author = {DeQuilettes, Dane W. and Brenes, Roberto and Laitz, Madeleine and Motes, Brandon T. and Glazov, Mikhail M. and Bulovi{\'{c}}, Vladimir},
doi = {10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01186},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Recombinations{\_}semi{\_}comductors{\_}acsphotonics.1c01186.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2330-4022},
journal = {ACS Photonics},
keywords = {diffusion modeling,mean-squared displacement,microstructure,optical microscopy,perovskite,photoluminescence},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {110--122},
title = {{Impact of Photon Recycling, Grain Boundaries, and Nonlinear Recombination on Energy Transport in Semiconductors}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01186},
volume = {9},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Zhang2012,
annote = {Review paper Band bending},
author = {Zhang, Zhen and Yates, John T.},
doi = {10.1021/cr3000626},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhang, Yates - 2012 - Band Bending in Semiconductors Chemical and Physical Consequences at Surfaces and Interfaces.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0009-2665},
journal = {Chem. Rev.},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {5520--5551},
title = {{Band Bending in Semiconductors: Chemical and Physical Consequences at Surfaces and Interfaces}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr3000626},
volume = {112},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Abdelkareem2020,
author = {Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali and Elsaid, Khaled and Wilberforce, Tabbi and Kamil, Mohammed and Sayed, Enas Taha and Olabi, A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141803},
issn = {00489697},
journal = {Sci. Total Environ.},
month = {jan},
pages = {141803},
title = {{Environmental aspects of fuel cells: A review}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720353328},
volume = {752},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Rohm2017a,
abstract = {A comprehensive AFM study provides insight into the ferroic properties of methylammonium lead iodide as commonly incorporated into perovskite solar cells.We explore the ferroic properties of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). In vertical and horizontal PFM imaging, we find domains of alternating polarization with a width of 90 nm which we identify as polarized ferroelectric domains. High-resolution photo-conductive atomic force micrographs under illumination also show alternating charge carrier extraction patterns which we attribute to the local vertical polarization components within the ferroelectric domains. The correlation of the sample properties with atomic force and kelvin probe force micrographs evidence the ferroelectric nature of the domains.},
annote = {SI von R{\"{o}}hm 2017, Riesen Grais aus Karlsruhe; Synthesewerte;},
author = {R{\"{o}}hm, Holger and Leonhard, Tobias and Hoffmann, Michael J. and Colsmann, Alexander},
doi = {10.1039/c7ee00420f},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/R{\"{o}}hm et al. - 2017 - Ferroelectric domains in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin-films(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {17545706},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {4},
pages = {950--955},
title = {{Ferroelectric domains in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin-films}},
volume = {10},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Dhere2007,
author = {Dhere, Neelkanth G.},
doi = {10.1016/j.solmat.2007.04.003},
issn = {09270248},
journal = {Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells},
month = {sep},
number = {15-16},
pages = {1376--1382},
title = {{Toward GW/year of CIGS production within the next decade}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927024807001432},
volume = {91},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{Tran2002,
abstract = {Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) is an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based technique that simultaneously records topography and local capacitance with high spatial resolution. This tool is based on the high frequency MOS capacitor theory, and is routinely used in failure analysis to discern the 2D carrier profiles and/or defects in insulator layers of semiconductor devices. An ac voltage induces a dynamic change in capacitance formed by the SCM tip and oxidized semiconductor sample surface. Because of the small contact area, sensitivity of the capacitance measurements must be lower than 10-18 F in a 1 kHz bandwidth. SCM sensors capable of such sensitivity are commonly based on the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) capacitance sensor, and rely on the detection of the frequency shift of a resonator. High operating frequency for the resonator significantly improves the measurement sensitivity. In this article, we describe a sensor for SCM with sub-zeptofarad ({\textless} 10-21 F) sensitivity based on the designs of Tran et. al., but realized using a phase - sensitive detection system. This results in improved low frequency noise in the capacitance measurement. This design has an operating frequency of 3 GHz when unloaded and a resonator Q around 110, resulting in an improvement of the system sensitivity over the conventional RCA CED sensor, and may be used in a commercial AFM system. The performance of this sensor is discussed and two-dimensional dopant profile from a semiconductor structure is presented. The limitations of bulk resonator SCM systems are discussed and the prospects for monolithic sensors are described in the context of a 0.35 $\mu$m SiGe BiCMOS process. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2007 ASM International{\textregistered} All rights reserved.},
annote = {Discussion on sensitivity of capacitance sensor

Information about comertiell detector},
author = {Tran, T. and Oliver, D.R. and Thomson, D.J. and Bridges, G.E.},
booktitle = {IEEE CCECE2002. Can. Conf. Electr. Comput. Eng. Conf. Proc. (Cat. No.02CH37373)},
doi = {10.1109/CCECE.2002.1015268},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Sub-zeptofarad{\_}sensitivity{\_}scanning{\_}capacitance{\_}microscopy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0-7803-7514-9},
keywords = {2d dopant profiling,capacitance microscopy,scanning,scanning probe microscopy},
month = {nov},
pages = {455--459},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Sub-zeptofarad sensitivity scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {https://dl.asminternational.org/istfa/proceedings/ISTFA2007/30903/56/11254 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1015268/},
volume = {1},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Zhou2016,
abstract = {Among the many materials investigated for next-generation photovoltaic cells, organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have demonstrated great potential thanks to their high power conversion efficiency and solution processability. Within a short period of about 5 years, the efficiency of solar cells based on these materials has increased dramatically from 3.8 to over 20{\%}. Despite the tremendous progress in device performance, much less is known about the underlying photophysics involving charge-orbital-lattice interactions and the role of the organic molecules in this hybrid material remains poorly understood. Here, we report a giant photostrictive response, that is, light-induced lattice change, of {\textgreater}1,200 p.p.m. in methylammonium lead iodide, which could be the key to understand its superior optical properties. The strong photon-lattice coupling also opens up the possibility of employing these materials in wireless opto-mechanical devices.},
annote = {Photostriction in MAPI},
author = {Zhou, Yang and You, Lu and Wang, Shiwei and Ku, Zhiliang and Fan, Hongjin and Schmidt, Daniel and Rusydi, Andrivo and Chang, Lei and Wang, Le and Ren, Peng and Chen, Liufang and Yuan, Guoliang and Chen, Lang and Wang, Junling},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms11193},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhou et al. - 2016 - Giant photostriction in organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20411723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
pages = {1--8},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Giant photostriction in organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites}},
volume = {7},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Glatzel2003,
abstract = {Kelvin probe force microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum is a sensitive tool to determine the absolute work function of sample surfaces. For the detection of the electrostatic force, an a.c.-voltage with a frequency $\omega$ is applied between tip and sample. Two different methods can be employed for the measurement: the frequency modulation (FM) mode or amplitude modulation (AM) mode detection. In FM-mode the oscillation of the frequency shift at $\omega$ is measured, which is proportional to the gradient of the electrostatic force. In AM-mode the amplitude of the cantilever oscillation at $\omega$ is measured which is proportional to the electrostatic force itself. A detailed comparison between AM and FM detection modes is presented, using measurements of gold islands on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The effect of tip geometry was studied for both detection modes. In the FM-mode mainly the tip apex contributes to the measured signal due to the detection of the force gradient, however, a.c.-voltages of around 2 V are necessary to perform stable measurements. A much stronger influence of the tip shape was determined for AM detection, reducing the contrast in the measured contact potential difference images. Nevertheless, the main advantage of the AM-mode is the possibility to use a.c.-voltages as low as 100 mV, which allows absolute work function measurements also on semiconductor surfaces. {\textcopyright} 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Glatzel, Th and Sadewasser, S. and Lux-Steiner, M. Ch},
doi = {10.1016/S0169-4332(02)01484-8},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Glatzel, Sadewasser, Lux-Steiner - 2003 - Amplitude or frequency modulation-detection in Kelvin probe force microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {Contact potential,Electrostatic force,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Ultrahigh vacuum,Work function},
number = {1-2 SPEC.},
pages = {84--89},
title = {{Amplitude or frequency modulation-detection in Kelvin probe force microscopy}},
volume = {210},
year = {2003}
}
@article{NonglenMeitei2023,
author = {{Nonglen Meitei}, Ph. and Singh, Naorem Khelchand},
doi = {10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.168900},
issn = {09258388},
journal = {J. Alloys Compd.},
month = {apr},
pages = {168900},
title = {{Effect of annealing on forming-free bipolar resistive switching of Gd2O3 thin films}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925838823002037},
volume = {941},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Wang2022,
abstract = {Controlling crystal growth and reducing the number of grain boundaries are crucial to maximize the charge carrier transport in organic–inorganic perovskite field-effect transistors (FETs).},
author = {Wang, Shuanglong and Frisch, Sabine and Zhang, Heng and Yildiz, Okan and Mandal, Mukunda and Ugur, Naz and Jeong, Beomjin and Ramanan, Charusheela and Andrienko, Denis and Wang, Hai I. and Bonn, Mischa and Blom, Paul W. M. and Kivala, Milan and Pisula, Wojciech and Marszalek, Tomasz},
doi = {10.1039/D2MH00632D},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/d2mh00632d.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2051-6347},
journal = {Mater. Horizons},
number = {10},
pages = {2633--2643},
pmid = {35997011},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Grain engineering for improved charge carrier transport in two-dimensional lead-free perovskite field-effect transistors}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D2MH00632D},
volume = {9},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Sikdar2020,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Sikdar, Anirban and Majumdar, Abhisek and Dutta, Pronoy and Borah, Munu and Kim, Sang Ouk and Maiti, Uday Narayan},
doi = {10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135492},
issn = {00134686},
journal = {Electrochim. Acta},
month = {feb},
pages = {135492},
title = {{Ultra-large area graphene hybrid hydrogel for customized performance supercapacitors: High volumetric, areal energy density and potential wearability}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0013468619323643},
volume = {332},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Corrales2013,
abstract = {Local dielectric spectroscopy (LDS) was employed to analyze the miscible blend composed of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The two homopolymers have very different relaxation times and glass transition temperatures. The aim was to study the dynamic heterogeneity in films as a function of the film thickness. Measurements of the local blend composition at the nanoscale have shown that LDS is sensitive to the dynamic heterogeneity. In thinner films, phase segregation occurs, and the kinetics of phase demixing was studied using as a probe the change in local composition. These results open new possibilities for studying interdiffusion and adhesion at polymer-polymer interfaces as a function of annealing temperature with LDS. {\textcopyright} 2013 American Chemical Society.},
annote = {Corrales method

FM mode EFM mode},
author = {Corrales, Tomas P. and Laroze, David and Zardalidis, George and Floudas, George and Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen and Kappl, Michael},
doi = {10.1021/ma4007158},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/ma4007158.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0024-9297},
journal = {Macromolecules},
month = {sep},
number = {18},
pages = {7458--7464},
title = {{Dynamic Heterogeneity and Phase Separation Kinetics in Miscible Poly(vinyl acetate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Blends by Local Dielectric Spectroscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma4007158},
volume = {46},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Giessibl1995,
abstract = {Achieving high resolution under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions with the force microscope can be difficult for reactive surfaces, where the interaction forces between the tip and the samples can be relatively large. A force detection scheme that makes use of a modified cantilever beam and senses the force gradient through frequency modulation is described. The reconstructed silicon (111)-(7x7) surface was imaged in a noncontact mode by force microscopy with atomic resolution (6 angstroms lateral, 0.1 angstrom vertical).},
author = {Giessibl, Franz J.},
doi = {10.1126/science.267.5194.68},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/science.267.5194.68.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science (80-. ).},
month = {jan},
number = {5194},
pages = {68--71},
pmid = {17840059},
title = {{Atomic Resolution of the Silicon (111)-(7×7) Surface by Atomic Force Microscopy}},
url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.267.5194.68},
volume = {267},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Ding2018,
abstract = {CuInS 2 /ZnS QDs with tunable bandgaps were applied at the CsPbBr 3 /carbon interface for improved hole extraction and reduced electron–hole recombination. A PCE of as high as 8.42{\%} was achieved for QDs tailored all-inorganic PSC in comparison with 6.01{\%} for the pristine device.},
author = {Ding, Jie and Duan, Jialong and Guo, Chenyang and Tang, Qunwei},
doi = {10.1039/C8TA02522C},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/charge extraction{\_}c8ta02522c.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {44},
pages = {21999--22004},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Toward charge extraction in all-inorganic perovskite solar cells by interfacial engineering}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C8TA02522C},
volume = {6},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Kurokawa1998,
abstract = {The tip-sample capacitance has been studied in the nontunneling regime and the capacitance-distance characteristics and its dependence on the tip geometry have been determined for the gap distance 1{\textless}s{\textless}600 nm. Measurements were carried out in ultrahigh vacuum on a capacitor formed between a metal tip (W or Pt–Ir) and a clean Au(111) surface. Tips of different tip radius R=30∼4000 nm were used to investigate the influence of tip geometry on the capacitance. When the gap distance is reduced, the capacitance increases while its gap sensitivity |∂C/∂s| decreases with the gap distance. The capacitance therefore shows no 1/s divergence. The magnitude of the capacitance change is found to depend on the tip geometry: blunt tips (R{\textgreater}1000 nm) show larger capacitance increase than that for sharp tips (R⩽100 nm). The effective tip radius Reff estimated from the C−s characteristics agrees with the real tip radius in a limited distance range which varies with the tip geometry. At small distances (s{\textless}30 nm), Reff≃R for sharp tips but Reff{\textless}R for blunt tips. On the other hand at large distances (s{\textgreater}200 nm), the relation is reversed, Reff{\textgreater}R for sharp tips while Reff∼R for blunt tips. These results on Reff can be explained by the field concentration to the tip apex and the change of capacitance-contributing tip area with the gap distance. Capacitance calculations indicate that the capacitance of the “truncated cone + half sphere” tip well reproduces the observed C−s characteristics and its dependence on the tip geometry.},
author = {Kurokawa, Shu and Sakai, Akira},
doi = {10.1063/1.367985},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/abs{\_}C{\_}STM{\_}1.367985.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {jun},
number = {12},
pages = {7416--7423},
title = {{Gap dependence of the tip-sample capacitance}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/jap/article/83/12/7416/180098/Gap-dependence-of-the-tip-sample-capacitance},
volume = {83},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Lai2009,
abstract = {Driven by interactions due to the charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom, nanoscale inhomogeneity has emerged as a new theme for materials with novel properties near multiphase boundaries. As vividly demonstrated In complex metal oxides (see refs 1-5) and chalcogenides (see refs 6 and 7), these microscopic phases are of great scientific and technological Importance for research in high-temperature superconductors (see refs 1 and 2), colossal magnetoresistance effect (see ref 4), phase-change memories (see refs 5 and 6), and domain switching operations (see refs 7-9). Direct imaging on dielectric properties of these local phases, however, presents a big challenge for existing scanning probe techniques. Here, we report the observation of electronic inhomogeneity In indium selenide (In 2Se 3) nanoribbons (see ref 10) by nearfield scanning microwave Impedance microscopy (see refs 11-13). Multiple phases with local resistivity spanning 6 orders of magnitude are identified as the coexistence of superlattice, simple hexagonal lattice and amorphous structures with -∼ 100 nm inhomogeneous length scale, consistent with high-resolution transmission electron microscope studies. The atomic-force-microscope-compatible microwave probe Is able to perform a quantitative subsurface electrical study in a noninvasive manner. Finally, the phase change memory function in In 2Se 3 nanoribbon devices can be locally recorded with big signals of opposite signs. {\textcopyright} 2009 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Lai, Keji and Peng, Hailin and Kundhikanjana, Worasom and Schoen, David T. and Xie, Chong and Meister, Stefan and Cui, Yi and Kelly, Michael A. and Shen, Zhi-Xun},
doi = {10.1021/nl900222j},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/imp{\_}nl900222j.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1530-6984},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {1265--1269},
title = {{Nanoscale Electronic Inhomogeneity in In 2 Se 3 Nanoribbons Revealed by Microwave Impedance Microscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl900222j},
volume = {9},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Kirchartz2013,
abstract = {Ideality factors are derived from either the slope of the dark current/voltage curve or the light intensity dependence of the open-circuit voltage in solar cells and are often a valuable method to characterize the type of recombination. In the case of polymer:fullerene solar cells, the ideality factors derived by the two methods usually differ substantially. Here we investigate the reasons for the discrepancies by determining both ideality factors differentially as a function of voltage and by comparing them with simulations. We find that both the dark and light ideality factors are sensitive to bulk recombination mechanisms at the internal donor:acceptor interface, as is often assumed in the literature. While the interpretation of the dark ideality factor is difficult due to resistive effects, determining the light ideality factor differentially indicates that the open-circuit voltage of many polymer:fullerene solar cells is limited by surface recombination, which leads to light ideality factors decreasing below one at high voltage. {\textcopyright} 2013 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Kirchartz, Thomas and Deledalle, Florent and Tuladhar, Pabitra Shakya and Durrant, James R. and Nelson, Jenny},
doi = {10.1021/jz4012146},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/jz4012146.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
keywords = {current/voltage curve,defects,drift-diffusion simulations,open-circuit voltage,resistive effects,surface recombination,traps},
month = {jul},
number = {14},
pages = {2371--2376},
title = {{On the Differences between Dark and Light Ideality Factor in Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz4012146},
volume = {4},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Bian2021,
abstract = {Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), a key invention in nanoscience, has by now been extended to a wide spectrum of basic and applied fields. Its application to basic science led to a paradigm shift in the understanding and perception of matter at its nanoscopic and even atomic levels. SPM uses a sharp tip to physically raster-scan samples and locally collect information from the surface. Various signals can be directly detected by SPM in real space with atomic or nanoscale resolution, which provides insights into the structural, electronic, vibrational, optical, magnetic, (bio)chemical and mechanical properties. This Primer introduces the key aspects and general features of SPM and SPM set-up and variations, with particular focus on scanning tunnelling microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We outline how to conduct SPM experiments, as well as data analysis of SPM imaging, spectroscopy and manipulation. Recent applications of SPM to physics, chemistry, materials science and biology are then highlighted, with representative examples. We outline issues with reproducibility, and standards on open data are discussed. This Primer also raises awareness of the ongoing challenges and possible ways to overcome these difficulties, followed by an outlook of future possible directions.},
author = {Bian, Ke and Gerber, Christoph and Heinrich, Andreas J. and M{\"{u}}ller, Daniel J. and Scheuring, Simon and Jiang, Ying},
doi = {10.1038/s43586-021-00033-2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/s43586-021-00033-2.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0123456789},
issn = {2662-8449},
journal = {Nat. Rev. Methods Prim.},
month = {may},
number = {1},
pages = {36},
title = {{Scanning probe microscopy}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s43586-021-00033-2},
volume = {1},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Szyszka2016,
abstract = {The applicability of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) technique for chosen electrical properties characterization of AIIIBV structures fabricated by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) was examined. The calibration curves for quantitative characterization of doping levels in GaAs layers were created. The AlGaN/GaN/Si heterostructures for high electron mobility transistor fabrication and InGaAs tunnel junction for tandem solar cell characterization were presented. The crucial factors of measurement conditions which could influence the obtained results were also discussed.},
author = {Szyszka, Adam and Ob{\l}{\c{a}}k, Micha{\l} and Szyma{\'{n}}ski, Tomasz and Wo{\'{s}}ko, Mateusz and Dawidowski, Wojciech and Paszkiewicz, Regina},
doi = {10.1515/msp-2016-0104},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/10.1515{\_}msp-2016-0104.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2083-134X},
journal = {Mater. Sci.},
keywords = {AlGaN/GaN,Atomic force microscopy (AFM),GaAs,InGaAs,Scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM)},
month = {dec},
number = {4},
pages = {845--850},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy characterization of AIIIBV epitaxial layers}},
url = {https://www.sciendo.com/article/10.1515/msp-2016-0104},
volume = {34},
year = {2016}
}
@misc{Ritchie2021,
author = {Ritchie, Hannah and Roser, Max},
doi = {https://ourworldindata.org/atmospheric-concentrations},
title = {{Atmospheric concentrations (https://ourworldindata.org/atmospheric-concentrations; Abgerufen am 21.03.2021)}},
url = {https://ourworldindata.org/atmospheric-concentrations},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Matheu2022,
abstract = {The oxygen chemistry of oxide perovskites has been studied for decades, revealing reactivity, transport, and electronic properties enabled by the oxide anion. Similarly, the halide anion dictates the properties and unusual phenomena observed in halide perovskites. Manipulating the halide site has improved the performance and stability of halide perovskites in a range of optoelectronic technologies, most commonly as components in solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Further, the redox activity of the halides allows for controlled electronic doping and halide exchange, as well as for the capture and separation of halogen gases. Herein, we summarize the key aspects of the chemistry of the perovskite halide site. We close with a discussion of pseudohalide perovskites, which hold commonalities with the halide perovskites.},
author = {Matheu, Roc and Vigil, Julian A. and Crace, Ethan J. and Karunadasa, Hemamala I.},
doi = {10.1016/j.trechm.2021.12.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovsikte{\_}Halogen{\_}Chemistry{\_}Ion{\_}movement{\_}PIIS258959742100280X.pdf:pdf},
issn = {25895974},
journal = {Trends Chem.},
keywords = {halide perovskites,halogen,perovskites,self-assembled materials,semiconductors},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {206--219},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{The halogen chemistry of halide perovskites}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2021.12.002 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S258959742100280X},
volume = {4},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Hu2017a,
abstract = {The photovoltage of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was studied over a wide range of light intensities, showing changes from pristine to light-soaking (LS) conditions, explained using a specific model of spatial charge distribution. Migration of ions and vacancies under photovoltage conditions results in localized charge redistribution manifested as positive charge accumulation at the TiO2 or TiO2-MgO interlayer-perovskite interface, signifying photoinduced interfacial upward band bending. Consequentially, generation of an electrostatic potential (Velec) and an increase in interfacial recombination rate are confirmed. The magnitude and effect of Velec and interfacial recombination on the photovoltage depend on the illumination intensity and on the LS duration. PSCs with mesoporous Al2O3 showed similar changes, validating the role of the compact TiO2. Faster generation and a gradual increase of Velec are apparent under LS, which expresses the constant migration of ions and vacancies toward the interface. The nonrigid TiO2-perovskite interface calls for a vital perspective change of PSCs.},
author = {Hu, Jiangang and Gottesman, Ronen and Gouda, Laxman and Kama, Adi and Priel, Maayan and Tirosh, Shay and Bisquert, Juan and Zaban, Arie},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00212},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}Light{\_}soaking{\_}acsenergylett.7b00212.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {950--956},
title = {{Photovoltage Behavior in Perovskite Solar Cells under Light-Soaking Showing Photoinduced Interfacial Changes}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00212},
volume = {2},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Jiang2019,
abstract = {In recent years, the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has increased to reach over 20{\%}. Finding an effective means of defect passivation is thought to be a promising route for bringing further increases in the power conversion efficiency and the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of perovskite solar cells. Here, we report the use of an organic halide salt phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) on HC(NH2)2–CH3NH3 mixed perovskite films for surface defect passivation. We find that PEAI can form on the perovskite surface and results in higher-efficiency cells by reducing the defects and suppressing non-radiative recombination. As a result, planar perovskite solar cells with a certificated efficiency of 23.32{\%} (quasi-steady state) are obtained. In addition, a VOC as high as 1.18 V is achieved at the absorption threshold of 1.53 eV, which is 94.4{\%} of the Shockley–Queisser limit VOC (1.25 V).},
annote = {PEAI Passivation (on top) in IPA},
author = {Jiang, Qi and Zhao, Yang and Zhang, Xingwang and Yang, Xiaolei and Chen, Yong and Chu, Zema and Ye, Qiufeng and Li, Xingxing and Yin, Zhigang and You, Jingbi},
doi = {10.1038/s41566-019-0398-2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jiang et al. - 2019 - Surface passivation of perovskite film for efficient solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {17494893},
journal = {Nat. Photonics},
number = {7},
pages = {460--466},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Surface passivation of perovskite film for efficient solar cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0398-2},
volume = {13},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Jarvis1996,
abstract = {THE bonding potential between atoms determines all the key properties of matter. It is usually deduced from a wide variety of experimental parameters such as elastic moduli, binding energy and vibrational nonlinearities. These provide an indirect route to quantities such as virial coefficients which characterize the variation of potential energy with interatomic spacing. Here we report use of a modified atomic force microscope to measure mechanically the interatomic forces between a tip and the sample surface as a function of separation. We use a magnetically controlled feedback mechanism to resist the 'jump to contact' that commonly occurs in mechanical force measurements at small separations, enabling us to map out reversible curves to separations closer than the point of inflection in the potential-energy curve. This method provides a direct means for continuous measurement of forces between atoms as they approach towards contact.},
annote = {small amlitude + difficult approach: from Gotsmann1999},
author = {Jarvis, S. P. and Yamada, H. and Yamamoto, S.-I. and Tokumoto, H. and Pethica, J. B.},
doi = {10.1038/384247a0},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/384247a0.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
month = {nov},
number = {6606},
pages = {247--249},
title = {{Direct mechanical measurement of interatomic potentials}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/384247a0},
volume = {384},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Edwards2000,
abstract = {The scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) is a carrier-sensitive imaging tool based upon the well-known scanning-probe microscope (SPM). As reported in Edwards et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 698 (1998)], scanning capacitance spectroscopy (SCS) is a new data-taking method employing an SCM. SCS produces a two-dimensional map of the electrical pn junctions in a Si device and also provides an estimate of the depletion width. In this article, we report a series of microelectronics applications of SCS in which we image submicron transistors, Si bipolar transistors, and shallow-trench isolation structures. We describe two failure-analysis applications involving submicron transistors and shallow-trench isolation. We show a process-development application in which SCS provides microscopic evidence of the physical origins of the narrow-emitter effect in Si bipolar transistors. We image the depletion width in a Si bipolar transistor to explain an electric field-induced hot-carrier reliability failure. We show two sample geometries that can be used to examine different device properties. {\textcopyright} 2000 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Edwards, Hal and Ukraintsev, Vladimir A. and {San Martin}, Richard and Johnson, F. Scott and Menz, Philip and Walsh, Shawn and Ashburn, Stan and Wills, K. Scott and Harvey, Ken and Chang, Mi-Chang},
doi = {10.1063/1.372039},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}pn{\_}junction{\_}1.372039.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {feb},
number = {3},
pages = {1485--1495},
title = {{pn-junction delineation in Si devices using scanning capacitance spectroscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.372039},
volume = {87},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Yalcinkaya2023,
abstract = {Understanding electron and ion dynamics is an important task for improving modern energy materials, such as photovoltaic perovskites. These materials usually have delicate nano‐ and microstructures that influence the device parameters. To resolve detailed structure–function relationships on the relevant micro‐ and nanometer length scales, the current macroscopic and microscopic measurement techniques are often not sufficient. Here, nanoscale surface photovoltage spectroscopy (nano‐SPV) and nanoscale ideality factor mapping (nano‐IFM) via time‐resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy are introduced. These methods can map nanoscale variations in charge carrier recombination, ion migration, and defects. To show the potential of nano‐SPV and nano‐IFM, these methods are applied to perovskite samples with different morphologies. The results clearly show an improved uniformity of the SPV and SPV decay distribution within the perovskite films upon passivation and increasing the grain size. Nevertheless, nano‐SPV and nano‐IFM can still detect local variations in the defect density on these optimized samples, guiding the way for further optimization.},
author = {Yalcinkaya, Yenal and Rohrbeck, Pascal N. and Sch{\"{u}}tz, Emilia R. and Fakharuddin, Azhar and Schmidt‐Mende, Lukas and Weber, Stefan A.L.},
doi = {10.1002/adom.202301318},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Optical Materials - 2023 - Yalcinkaya - Nanoscale Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2195-1071},
journal = {Adv. Opt. Mater.},
keywords = {Ideality factor,Kelvin probe force microscopy,atomic force microscopy,charge carrier dynamics,perovskites,surface photovoltage spectroscopy},
month = {mar},
number = {8},
pages = {1--12},
title = {{Nanoscale Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adom.202301318},
volume = {12},
year = {2024}
}
@article{Ho1996,
annote = {Altert{\"{u}}mlich},
author = {Ho, F and Hou, A S and Nechay, B A and Bloom, D M},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/7/4/014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ho et al. - 1996 - Ultrafast voltage-contrast scanning probe microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {dec},
number = {4},
pages = {385--389},
title = {{Ultrafast voltage-contrast scanning probe microscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/7/4/014},
volume = {7},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Kremer2003a,
abstract = {Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy is employed to study the molecular dynamics in thin layers of grafted and spin-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and of the type-A polymer cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI). Strong resemblance with low-molecular-weight systems is found but additionally the conformation of the chain and its extension becomes important. For PI a confinement-induced relaxation is found. It is observable if the layer thickness is comparable to the end-to-end vector of the chain and it depends strongly on the separation between interfaces. In contrast, the dynamic (and hence the calorimetric) glass transition is not affected by the geometrical confinement.},
author = {Kremer, F. and Hartmann, L. and Serghei, A. and Pouret, P. and L{\'{e}}ger, L.},
doi = {10.1140/epje/i2003-10053-3},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kremer et al. - 2003 - Molecular dynamics in thin grafted and spin-coated polymer layers.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1292-8941},
journal = {Eur. Phys. J. E},
month = {sep},
number = {1},
pages = {139--142},
title = {{Molecular dynamics in thin grafted and spin-coated polymer layers}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1140/epje/i2003-10053-3},
volume = {12},
year = {2003}
}
@incollection{Chaudhury2019,
author = {Chaudhury, Saurabh and Sinha, Sanjeet Kumar},
booktitle = {Nanoelectronics},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-813353-8.00014-2},
pages = {375--398},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Carbon Nanotube and Nanowires for Future Semiconductor Devices Applications}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128133538000142},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Neukom2011,
abstract = {An accurate determination of the charge carrier mobilities is essential to model and improve organic solar cells. A frequently used method to determine charge carrier mobilities is the charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage technique (CELIV). In this technique a voltage ramp is applied to the device in order to extract free charge carriers inside the bulk. The free charge carriers can be created by injection or by a short light flash (photo-CELIV). With a simple analytical formula the mobility is commonly estimated on the basis of the temporal position of the current peak. We simulate the photo-CELIV experiment with a fully-coupled electro-optical model to analyse the accuracy and limitations of the analytical formulas that are used to calculate the mobilities. We show that for thin film solar cells RC-effects are problematic and can lead to inaccurate results. If RC-effects are negligible only the order of magnitude of the fast carrier mobility can be determined using the analytical formula. We measure CELIV currents for several voltage slopes and transient photo-currents of an organic bulk heterojunction solar cell. By fitting our numerical model to the multiple curves we show that important material parameters like the electron mobility, hole mobility, charge generation and recombination efficiency can be determined using numerical parameter extraction. {\textcopyright} 2011.},
author = {Neukom, M.T. and Reinke, N.A. and Ruhstaller, B.},
doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2011.02.028},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/CHarge{\_}Extraction{\_}1-s2.0-S0038092X11000818-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0038092X},
journal = {Sol. Energy},
keywords = {CELIV,Charge carrier mobility,Drift-diffusion,Numerical simulation,Parameter extraction},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {1250--1256},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Charge extraction with linearly increasing voltage: A numerical model for parameter extraction}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.02.028 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X11000818},
volume = {85},
year = {2011}
}
@article{DaLisca2023,
abstract = {Multilayer III–V-based solar cells are complex devices consisting of many layers and interfaces. The study and the comprehension of the mechanisms that take place at the interfaces is crucial for efficiency improvement. In this work, we apply frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy under ambient conditions to investigate the capability of this technique for the analysis of an InP/GaInAs(P) multilayer stack. KPFM reveals a strong dependence on the local doping concentration, allowing for the detection of the surface potential of layers with a resolution as low as 20 nm. The analysis of the surface potential allowed for the identification of space charge regions and, thus, the presence of several junctions along the stack. Furthermore, a contrast enhancement in the surface potential image was observed when KPFM was performed under illumination, which is analysed in terms of the reduction of surface band bending induced by surface defects by photogenerated carrier distributions. The analysis of the KPFM data was assisted by means of theoretical modelling simulating the energy bands profile and KPFM measurements.},
author = {da Lisca, Mattia and Alvarez, Jos{\'{e}} and Connolly, James P and Vaissiere, Nicolas and Mekhazni, Karim and Decobert, Jean and Kleider, Jean-Paul},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.14.59},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}crossection{\_}Pero{\_}2190-4286-14-59.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2190-4286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {fm-kpfm,frequency-modulated kelvin probe force,iii,kelvin probe modelling,kp modelling,microscopy,multilayer stack,spv,surface,v},
month = {jun},
pages = {725--737},
title = {{Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives}},
url = {https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/14/59},
volume = {14},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Tennyson2019a,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells that incorporate small concentrations of Cs in their A-site have shown increased lifetime and improved device performance. Yet, the development of fully stable devices operating near the theoretical limit requires understanding how Cs influences perovskites' electrical properties at the nanoscale. Here, we determine how the chemical composition of three perovskites (MAPbBr3, MAPbI3, and Cs-mixed) affects their short- A nd long-term voltage stabilities, with {\textless}50 nm spatial resolution. We map an anomalous irreversible electrical signature on MAPbBr3 at the mesoscale, resulting in local Voc variations of 400 mV, and in entire grains with negative contribution to the Voc. These measurements prove the necessity of high spatial resolution mapping to elucidate the fundamental limitations of this emerging material. Conversely, we capture the fully reversible voltage response of Cs-mixed perovskites, composed by Cs0.06(MA0.17FA0.83)0.94Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, demonstrating that the desired electrical output persists even at the nanoscale. The Cs-mixed material presents no spatial variation in Voc, as ion motion is restricted. Our results show that the nanoscale electrical behavior of the perovskites is intimately connected to their chemical composition and macroscopic response.},
annote = {Leite, Marina S TR-Methode

Voltage Response},
author = {Tennyson, Elizabeth M. and Roose, Bart and Garrett, Joseph L. and Gong, Chen and Munday, Jeremy N. and Abate, Antonio and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.8b07295},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tennyson et al. - 2019 - Cesium-Incorporated Triple Cation Perovskites Deliver Fully Reversible and Stable Nanoscale Voltage Response.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1936086X},
journal = {ACS Nano},
keywords = {Cs-mixed perovskite,Ion motion,Kelvin probe force microscopy,MAPBBR3,MAPBI3,Nanoscale voltage,Perovskite solar cells},
number = {2},
pages = {1538--1546},
pmid = {30586503},
title = {{Cesium-Incorporated Triple Cation Perovskites Deliver Fully Reversible and Stable Nanoscale Voltage Response}},
volume = {13},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Li2019c,
abstract = {Alkali metal cation modulation toward high-electronic-quality perovskite films requires strict control over trap densities in the devices.},
author = {Li, Zhiqi and Wang, Feng and Liu, Chunyu and Gao, Feng and Shen, Liang and Guo, Wenbin},
doi = {10.1039/C9TA08081C},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/c9ta08081c.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {39},
pages = {22359--22365},
title = {{Efficient perovskite solar cells enabled by ion-modulated grain boundary passivation with a fill factor exceeding 84{\%}}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9TA08081C},
volume = {7},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Li2017,
abstract = {Solution-processable organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have been successfully used as light-harvesting materials in efficient photovoltaic cells. Here, an efficient and simple approach is reported for using dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) to increase crystal size and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to further retard crystallization thereby improving uniformity and crystallinity of the perovskite film. With this synergistic approach, large uniform perovskite crystals over one micron in size with superior quality perovskite film without pinholes resulted as confirmed by both XRD and SEM images. The fabricated planar heterojunction solar cell has reached efficiency of 17.8{\%}. Both the best and average solar cells fabricated with this approach using DMSO reveal that a 10{\%}-11{\%} increase in efficiency as a result of conditioning with HCl which controls crystallization preventing undesirable non-uniform crystal growth, which leads to pinholes and hole-electron recombination sites. Using this method, a uniform perovskite layer that maximizes light harvesting can be readily obtained. Further, the incorporation of chloride using the HCl formulation has demonstrated to have better stability against degradation from moisture, strong solar irradiation, and high temperature.},
author = {Li, Yun and Lo, Kin Shing Kenneth and Leung, Wallace Woon Fong},
doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.011},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Li, Lo, Leung - 2017 - Conditioning lead iodide with dimethylsulfoxide and hydrochloric acid to control crystal growth improving perform.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0038092X},
journal = {Sol. Energy},
keywords = {DMSO and HCl additive,Perovskite film,Perovskite solar cells},
pages = {328--334},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Conditioning lead iodide with dimethylsulfoxide and hydrochloric acid to control crystal growth improving performance of perovskite solar cell}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.011},
volume = {157},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Li1998,
annote = {model of capacitance with tip cone and tip apex in EFM mode from (Fumagalli2006)},
author = {Li, Zhi-yuan and Gu, Ben-yuan and Yang, Guo-zhen},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.57.9225},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/cap{\_}PhysRevB.57.9225.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {apr},
number = {15},
pages = {9225--9233},
title = {{Scanning-electrostatic-force microscopy: Self-consistent method for mesoscopic surface structures}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.57.9225},
volume = {57},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Irde2019,
abstract = {We introduce laser-assisted Time-Resolved SEM (TR-SEM), joining Scanning Electron Microscopy and laser light excitation, to probe the long-term temporal evolution of optically excited charge distributions at the surface of Metal Ammonium Lead Triiodide (MAPbI 3 ) hybrid perovskite thin films. Laser-assisted TR-SEM relies on the optically induced local modification of Secondary Electron (SE) detection yield to provide mapping of photoexcited potentials and charge dynamics at surfaces, and qualifies as a complementary approach to near-field probe microscopies and nonlinear photoemission spectroscopies for photovoltage measurements. Real-time imaging of evolving field patterns are provided on timescales compatible with SEM scanning rates, so that temporal resolution in the millisecond range can be ultimately envisaged. MAPbI 3 is an outstanding light-sensitive material candidate for applications in solar light harvesting and photovoltaics, also appealing as an active system for light generation. In this work, the real time temporal evolution of optically induced SE contrast patterns in MAPbI 3 is experimentally recorded, both under illumination by a 405 nm blue laser and after light removal, showing the occurrence of modifications related to photoinduced positive charge fields at surface. The long term evolution of these surface fields are tentatively attributed to ion migration within the film, under the action of the illumination gradient and the hole collecting substrate. This optical excitation is fully reversible in MAPbI 3 over timescales of hours and a complete recovery of the system occurs within days. Permanent irradiation damage of the material is avoided by operating the SEM at 5 keV of energy and 1–10 pA of primary current. Optical excitation is provided by intense above-bandgap illumination (up to 50 W/cm 2 ). TR-SEM patterns show a strong dependence on the geometry of SE collection. Measurements are taken at different axial orientations of the sample with respect to the entrance of the in-column detection system of the SEM and compared with numerical modeling of the SE detection process. This enables to single out the information regarding the local potential distribution. Results are interpreted by combining data about the spectral distribution of emitted SEs with the configuration of the electric and magnetic fields in the specimen chamber. The present modeling sets a robust basis for the understanding of photoinduced SE electron contrast.},
author = {Irde, Gabriele and Pietralunga, Silvia Maria and Sala, Vittorio and Zani, Maurizio and Ball, James M. and Barker, Alex J. and Petrozza, Annamaria and Lanzani, Guglielmo and Tagliaferri, Alberto},
doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2019.03.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SEM{\_}dynamic{\_}195747781.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SEM{\_}dynamic{\_}10.1016{\_}j.micron.2019.03.002.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09684328},
journal = {Micron},
keywords = {Organic-inorganic perovskite,Photovoltage,Real-time scanning electron microscopy,Secondary electron emission,Time-Resolved Scanning Electron Microscopy},
month = {jun},
pages = {53--65},
pmid = {30947034},
title = {{Imaging photoinduced surface potentials on hybrid perovskites by real-time Scanning Electron Microscopy}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096843281830444X},
volume = {121},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Praeger2013,
abstract = {In this study a simple solvent blending technique is used to produce silica/polystyrene nanocomposites. Dielectric spectroscopy is then used to measure both the real and imaginary permittivity of the samples. The nanosilica/polystyrene system is characterized over a range of different filler loadings, and additionally, as a function of temperature. To supplement this, absorbed water is used as a dielectric probe to explore molecular relaxation processes at the nanoparticle interfaces. {\textcopyright} 2013 IEEE.},
annote = {Dielectric measurements of model system 

filled Polystyrene particles},
author = {Praeger, M. and Vaughan, A. S. and Swingler, S. G.},
doi = {10.1109/ICSD.2013.6619765},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/A{\_}dielectric{\_}spectroscopy{\_}study{\_}of{\_}the{\_}polystyrene{\_}nanosilica{\_}model{\_}system.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781479908073},
issn = {15535282},
journal = {Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Solid Dielectr. ICSD},
keywords = {composite,dielectric,nano,permittivity,polystyrene,silica,spectroscopy},
pages = {859--862},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{A dielectric spectroscopy study of the polystyrene/nanosilica model system}},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Gibson1996,
abstract = {A direct, accurate and convenient procedure for calibrating the spring constants of probes used for force microscopy/spectroscopy is described. It amounts to deflecting an 'unknown' cantilever with a 'standard' lever, where the standard lever has been precalibrated. The absolute and relative accuracies of the procedure are ±20-30{\%} and ±10-20{\%}, respectively; the former is limited by uncertainties in the determination of the spring constant for the 'standard' lever, as well as that for the 'unknown'. The method differs from others of the static deflection variety by its exploitation of the routine features of current instruments. The technique is compared with other static and dynamic methods currently being used.},
author = {Gibson, Christopher T. and Watson, Gregory S. and Myhra, Sverre},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/7/3/014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/{\_}Cantilever{\_}Christopher{\_}T{\_}Gibson{\_}1996{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}7{\_}259.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {259--262},
title = {{Determination of the spring constants of probes for force microscopy/spectroscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/7/3/014},
volume = {7},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Rast2000,
abstract = {Micromechanical cantilevers used in atomic force microscopy are characterized by the geometry, the elastic modulus E and the quality factor Q. The sensor can be regarded as a rectangular bar clamped on one side and free on the other. In contrast to a simple harmonic oscillator a cantilever has different eigenfrequencies $\omega$-n{\$}/ and a mode-dependent spring constant Dn. Using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem we developed a simple model to calculate the thermal noise on each eigenmode for a free cantilever. With this result we can decide whether measuring on higher eigenmodes increases the force sensitivity.},
author = {Rast, S. and Wattinger, C. and Gysin, U. and Meyer, E.},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/11/3/306},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/S{\_}Rast{\_}2000{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}11{\_}169.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {169--172},
title = {{The noise of cantilevers}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/11/3/306},
volume = {11},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Elsaid2020,
author = {Elsaid, Khaled and Sayed, Enas Taha and Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali and Baroutaji, Ahmad and Olabi, A.G.},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140125},
issn = {00489697},
journal = {Sci. Total Environ.},
month = {oct},
pages = {140125},
title = {{Environmental impact of desalination processes: Mitigation and control strategies}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720336469},
volume = {740},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bukhary2018,
author = {Bukhary, Saria and Ahmad, Sajjad and Batista, Jacimaria},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.016},
issn = {13640321},
journal = {Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.},
month = {feb},
pages = {3288--3305},
title = {{Analyzing land and water requirements for solar deployment in the Southwestern United States}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S136403211731393X},
volume = {82},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Gao1997,
abstract = {A recently developed scanning tip microwave near-field microscope has been improved to achieve a spatial resolution of 100 nm (∼$\lambda$/106). Furthermore, explicit calculations of the field distribution using a simplified model allow quantitative microscopy of dielectric properties for dielectric materials. A detection sensitivity of $\delta$$\epsilon$/$\epsilon$∼6×10−4 has been achieved.},
author = {Gao, Chen and Wei, Tao and Duewer, Fred and Lu, Yalin and Xiang, X.-D.},
doi = {10.1063/1.120444},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/1.120444.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {sep},
number = {13},
pages = {1872--1874},
title = {{High spatial resolution quantitative microwave impedance microscopy by a scanning tip microwave near-field microscope}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/71/13/1872/67862/High-spatial-resolution-quantitative-microwave},
volume = {71},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Pockett2017,
abstract = {The origins of recombination processes, particularly those that relate to current-voltage hysteresis, are still unclear in perovskite solar cells. Of particular interest is the impact different contact materials have on the level of hysteresis observed. This work shows that there is a clear link between ionic movement and interfacial recombination, which have both been shown to be responsible for hysteresis. When low-temperature transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements are performed over a period in which ions redistribute within the perovskite layer, the dominant recombination mechanism, responsible for hysteresis and other slow dynamic processes, is found to occur at the TiO2/perovskite interface. We observe an anomalous negative transient upon firing the laser pulse, which we attribute to interfacial recombination at the TiO2/perovskite interface. The impact of recombination at the perovskite/HTL interface is shown to be negligible by performing TPV measurements using different laser wavelengths to probe different depths into the perovskite layer, as well as by changing the type of HTL used.},
author = {Pockett, Adam and Carnie, Matthew J.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00490},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pockett, Carnie - 2017 - Ionic Influences on Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {1683--1689},
title = {{Ionic Influences on Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00490},
volume = {2},
year = {2017}
}
@article{DeWolf2000,
abstract = {The dopant profiling methods based on scanning probe microscopy (SPM) were compared in terms of the influence of composition on the quantification possibility and the final spatial resolution. The methods examined include: scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS), scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM); scanning surface harmonic microscopy (SSHM); Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPM); and scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM).},
annote = {Review out of (Smoliner2001)},
author = {{De Wolf}, P. and Stephenson, R. and Trenkler, T. and Clarysse, T. and Hantschel, T. and Vandervorst, W.},
doi = {10.1116/1.591198},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Review{\_}SCM{\_}361{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734211X},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
number = {1},
pages = {361},
title = {{Status and review of two-dimensional carrier and dopant profiling using scanning probe microscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/avs/jvb/article/18/1/361-368/1073035},
volume = {18},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Li2019d,
author = {Li, Weisheng and Zhou, Jian and Cai, Songhua and Yu, Zhihao and Zhang, Jialin and Fang, Nan and Li, Taotao and Wu, Yun and Chen, Tangsheng and Xie, Xiaoyu and Ma, Haibo and Yan, Ke and Dai, Ningxuan and Wu, Xiangjin and Zhao, Huijuan and Wang, Zixuan and He, Daowei and Pan, Lijia and Shi, Yi and Wang, Peng and Chen, Wei and Nagashio, Kosuke and Duan, Xiangfeng and Wang, Xinran},
doi = {10.1038/s41928-019-0334-y},
issn = {2520-1131},
journal = {Nat. Electron.},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {563--571},
title = {{Uniform and ultrathin high-$\kappa$ gate dielectrics for two-dimensional electronic devices}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-019-0334-y},
volume = {2},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Sangji2021a,
abstract = {The morphology of supramolecular peptide nanostructures is difficult to predict given their complex energy landscapes. We investigated peptide amphiphiles containing $\beta$-sheet forming domains that form twisted nanoribbons in water. We explained the morphology based on a balance between the energetically favorable packing of molecules in the center of the nanostructures, the unfavorable packing at the edges, and the deformations due to packing of twisted $\beta$-sheets. We find that morphological polydispersity of PA nanostructures is determined by peptide sequences, and the twisting of their internal $\beta$-sheets. We also observed a change in the supramolecular chirality of the nanostructures as the peptide sequence was modified, although only amino acids with l-configuration were used. Upon increasing charge repulsion between molecules, we observed a change in morphology to long cylinders and then rodlike fragments and spherical micelles. Understanding the self-assembly mechanisms of peptide amphiphiles into nanostructures should be useful to optimize their well-known functions.},
author = {Sangji, M. Hussain and Sai, Hiroaki and Chin, Stacey M. and Lee, Sieun Ruth and {R Sasselli}, Ivan and Palmer, Liam C. and Stupp, Samuel I.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01737},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.nanolett.1c01737.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1530-6984},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
keywords = {nanostructure,peptide amphiphile,self-assembly,supramolecular chirality},
month = {jul},
number = {14},
pages = {6146--6155},
pmid = {34259001},
title = {{Supramolecular Interactions and Morphology of Self-Assembling Peptide Amphiphile Nanostructures}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01737},
volume = {21},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Toset2007,
abstract = {A model of deflection-voltage curves in atomic force microscopy and its use in DC electrostatic nanomanipulation experiments are presented. The proposed model predicts the deflection of the atomic force microscope probe as a function of the applied probe-substrate voltage, as well as the distance and voltage at which the tip collapses irreversibly onto the substrate due to electrostatic forces. The model is verified experimentally and its use in DC electrostatic manipulation of 25nm radius gold nanoparticles is demonstrated. {\textcopyright} IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author = {Toset, J. and Casuso, I. and Samitier, J. and Gomila, G.},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/18/1/015503},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Toset{\_}2007{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}18{\_}015503.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {015503},
title = {{Deflection–voltage curve modelling in atomic force microscopy and its use in DC electrostatic manipulation of gold nanoparticles}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/18/1/015503},
volume = {18},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Kopanski2008,
abstract = {The properties of both insulators and metals can be characterized capacitively with scanning probe microscopy, though the techniques employed are different. Intermittent contact scanning capacitance microscopy (IC-SCM) is a useful technique for characterizing the dielectric constant of insulators. Scanning Kelvin force microscopy (SKFM) can image potential distributions and work functions within conductors. Both techniques depend on the capacitance between the tip and sample, which has an inverse square dependence on tip-sample separation, limiting spatial resolution. A differential data acquisition technique to improve spatial resolution is described.},
annote = {IC-SCM

Data acquisition f{\"{u}}r h{\"{o}}here AUfl{\"{o}}sung
Zusamenf{\"{u}}hren von KPFM und IC-SCM
nutzung der zweiten Abeitung der Kapazit{\"{a}}t
(relativ aufwendig)},
author = {Kopanski, Joseph J. and Walker, Thomas R.},
doi = {10.1149/1.2908629},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kopanski, Walker - 2008 - Scanning Probe Microscopy for Dielectric and Metal Characterization.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781566776271},
issn = {1938-5862},
journal = {ECS Trans.},
month = {may},
number = {2},
pages = {169--175},
title = {{Scanning Probe Microscopy for Dielectric and Metal Characterization}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2908629},
volume = {13},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Yang2019a,
abstract = {The notoriously poor stability of perovskite solar cells is a crucial issue restricting commercial applications. Here, a fluorinated perylenediimide (F-PDI) is first introduced into perovskite film to enhance the device's photovoltaic performance, as well as thermal and moisture stability simultaneously. The conductive F-PDI molecules filling at grain boundaries (GBs) and surface of perovskite film can passivate defects and promote charge transport through GBs due to the chelation between carbonyl of F-PDI and noncoordinating lead. Furthermore, an effective multiple hydrophobic structure is formed to protect perovskite film from moisture erosion. As a result, the F-PDI-incorporated devices based on MAPbI 3 and Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb (Br 0.17 I 0.83 ) 3 absorber achieve champion efficiencies of 18.28{\%} and 19.26{\%}, respectively. Over 80{\%} of the initial efficiency is maintained after exposure in air for 30 days with a relative humidity (RH) of 50{\%}. In addition, the strong hydrogen bonding of F{\textperiodcentered}{\textperiodcentered}{\textperiodcentered}H-N can immobilize methylamine ion (MA + ) and thus enhances the thermal stability of device, remaining nearly 70{\%} of the initial value after thermal treatment (100 °C) for 24 h at 50{\%} RH condition.},
author = {Yang, Jia and Liu, Cong and Cai, Chunsheng and Hu, Xiaotian and Huang, Zengqi and Duan, Xiaopeng and Meng, Xiangchuan and Yuan, Zhongyi and Tan, Licheng and Chen, Yiwang},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201900198},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Charge{\_}Extraction{\_}questionmark{\_}Perovskite{\_}Advanced Energy Materials - 2019 - Yang - High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Excellent Humidity and.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {fluorinated perylenediimide,hydrophobization,moisture stability,perovskite solar cells,thermal stability},
month = {may},
number = {18},
pages = {1900198},
title = {{High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Excellent Humidity and Thermo‐Stability via Fluorinated Perylenediimide}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201900198},
volume = {9},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Werner2019,
abstract = {Thermal admittance spectroscopy and capacitance‐voltage measurements are well established techniques to study recombination‐active deep defect levels and determine the shallow dopant concentration in photovoltaic absorbers. Applied to thin‐film solar cells or any device stack consisting of multiple layers, interpretation of these capacitance‐based techniques is ambiguous at best. We demonstrate how to assess electrical measurements of thin‐film devices and develop a range of criteria that allow to estimate whether deep defects could consistently explain a given capacitance measurement. We show that a broad parameter space, achieved by exploiting bias voltage, time, and illumination as additional experimental parameters in admittance spectroscopy, helps to distinguish between deep defects and capacitive contributions from transport barriers or additional layers in the device stack. On the example of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin‐film solar cells, we show that slow trap states are indeed present but cannot be resolved in typical admittance spectra. We explain the common N1 signature by the presence of a capacitive barrier layer and show that the shallow net dopant concentration is not distributed uniformly within the depth of the absorber.},
author = {Werner, Florian and Babbe, Finn and Elanzeery, Hossam and Siebentritt, Susanne},
doi = {10.1002/pip.3196},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Progress in Photovoltaics - 2019 - Werner - Can we see defects in capacitance measurements of thin‐film solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1062-7995},
journal = {Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl.},
keywords = {admittance spectroscopy,capacitance,deep defects,doping profile,thin films},
month = {nov},
number = {11},
pages = {1045--1058},
title = {{Can we see defects in capacitance measurements of thin‐film solar cells?}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.3196},
volume = {27},
year = {2019}
}
@misc{Song2015,
annote = {Poster von Song et al. 2015},
author = {Song, Xin},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Song - 2015 - New additive to regulate the perovskite crystal film growth in planar herterojunction perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
title = {{New additive to regulate the perovskite crystal film growth in planar herterojunction perovskite solar cells}},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Zhong1993,
abstract = {A silica optical fiber was imaged using an atomic force microscope (AFM) in both contact and tapping mode. The fiber surface contains fragments of tow-modulus, viscoelastic polymer after the coating was mechanically removed. While scanning in the contact mode resulted in tip-induced irreversible damage of the polymer, the tapping mode AFM generated reproducible images of the surface topography. It is shown that tapping mode AFM can reduce the contact force significantly, estimated to be as low as a tenth of a nanonewton, even in ambient conditions. This is facilitated by oscillating the tip (i.e. the cantilever) in the vicinity of the surface with an amplitude of up to approximately 100 nm, which would eliminate capture of the tip by the surface fluid layer. Since the tip is no longer continuously in contact with the surface, both tip and sample degradations are minimized. The example presented herein demonstrates the utility of the tapping mode AFM; evidence is provided which supports the proposed bonding mechanism at the polymer/silica interface.},
annote = {why tapping mode is better than contact mode},
author = {Zhong, Q. and Inniss, D. and Kjoller, K. and Elings, V.B.},
doi = {10.1016/0167-2584(93)90906-Y},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-016725849390906Y-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01672584},
journal = {Surf. Sci. Lett.},
month = {jun},
number = {1-2},
pages = {L688--L692},
title = {{Fractured polymer/silica fiber surface studied by tapping mode atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/016725849390906Y},
volume = {290},
year = {1993}
}
@article{Harrison2019,
abstract = {Ionic-transport processes govern performance in many classic and emerging devices, ranging from battery storage to modern mixed-conduction organic electrochemical transistors (OECT). Here, we study local ion-transport dynamics in polymer films using time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy (trEFM). We establish a correspondence between local and macroscopic measurements using local trEFM and macroscopic electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We use polymer films doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) as a model system where the polymer backbone has oxanorbornenedicarboximide repeat units with an oligomeric ethylene oxide side chain of length n. Our results show that the local polymer response measured in the time domain with trEFM follows stretched-exponential relaxation kinetics, consistent with the Havriliak-Negami relaxation we measure in the frequency-domain EIS data for macroscopic samples of the same polymers. Furthermore, we show that the trEFM results capture the same trends as the EIS results - changes in ion dynamics with increasing temperature, increasing salt concentration, and increasing volume fraction of ethylene oxide side chains in the polymer matrix evolve with the same trends in both measurement techniques. We conclude from this correlation that trEFM data reflect, at the nanoscale, the same ionic processes probed in conventional EIS at the device level. Finally, as an example application for emerging materials syntheses, we use trEFM and infrared photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) to image a diblock copolymer electrolyte for next-generation solid-state energy storage applications.},
annote = {Ginger, David S. TR-Methoden

TR-EFM},
author = {Harrison, Jeffrey S. and Waldow, Dean A. and Cox, Phillip A. and Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Adams, Marisa and Richmond, Victoria and Modahl, Sevryn and Longstaff, Megan and Zhuravlev, Rodion and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.8b07254},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Harrison et al. - 2019 - Noncontact Imaging of Ion Dynamics in Polymer Electrolytes with Time-Resolved Electrostatic Force Microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1936086X},
journal = {ACS Nano},
keywords = {diblock imaging,ion dynamics,noncontact AFM,polymer electrolyte,scanning probe microscopy},
number = {1},
pages = {536--543},
pmid = {30566831},
title = {{Noncontact Imaging of Ion Dynamics in Polymer Electrolytes with Time-Resolved Electrostatic Force Microscopy}},
volume = {13},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Gross2010,
annote = {[19] in (Barnea-Nehoshtan2014)},
author = {Gross, Dieter and Mora-Ser{\'{o}}, Iv{\'{a}}n and Dittrich, Thomas and Belaidi, Abdelhak and Mauser, Christian and Houtepen, Arjan J. and Como, Enrico Da and Rogach, Andrey L. and Feldmann, Jochen},
doi = {10.1021/ja101629c},
issn = {0002-7863},
journal = {J. Am. Chem. Soc.},
month = {may},
number = {17},
pages = {5981--5983},
title = {{Charge Separation in Type II Tunneling Multilayered Structures of CdTe and CdSe Nanocrystals Directly Proven by Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja101629c},
volume = {132},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Gotsmann1999,
abstract = {The forces between a sharp tip and a sample are characteristic for different sample materials. A new method for quantifying the elastic tip-sample interaction forces from measured frequency vs. distance curves is presented. The dynamic force-spectroscopy curves investigated were obtained by dynamic force microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions for large vibration amplitudes with commercial levers/tips. The full non-linear force-distance relationship is deduced via a numerical algorithm, where the equation of motion describing the oscillation of the tip is solved explicitly. The elastic force distance dependence can be determined by fitting the results of a computer simulation to experimental frequency vs. distance data. The obtained force-distance curves can be compared quantitatively with theoretical models.},
annote = {Problem: 
exact analytical description is not possible as the tip moves through a large part of the non-linear potential in each cycle},
author = {Gotsmann, B. and Anczykowski, B. and Seidel, C. and Fuchs, H.},
doi = {10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00547-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0169433298005479-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {61.16.Ch,Atomic force microscopy,Dynamic force spectroscopy,Dynamic mode,Frequency modulation,Scanning probe microscopy: scanning tunneling,Tip-sample interaction,atomic force,etc.,magnetic force,scanning optical},
month = {feb},
number = {3-4},
pages = {314--319},
title = {{Determination of tip–sample interaction forces from measured dynamic force spectroscopy curves}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433298005479},
volume = {140},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Yarita2017,
abstract = {Metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are promising photonic materials for use in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. The optoelectronic properties of these devices are determined by the excitons and exciton complexes confined in their NCs. In this study, we determined the relaxation dynamics of charged excitons and biexcitons in CsPbBr3 NCs using femtosecond transient-absorption (TA), time-resolved photoluminescence (PL), and single-dot second-order photon correlation spectroscopy. Decay times of ∼40 and ∼200 ps were obtained from the TA and PL decay curves for biexcitons and charged excitons, respectively, in NCs with an average edge length of 7.7 nm. The existence of charged excitons even under weak photoexcitation was confirmed by the second-order photon correlation measurements. We found that charged excitons play a dominant role in luminescence processes of CsPbBr3 NCs. Combining different spectroscopic techniques enabled us to clarify the dynamical behaviors of excitons, charged excitons, and biexcitons.},
author = {Yarita, Naoki and Tahara, Hirokazu and Ihara, Toshiyuki and Kawawaki, Tokuhisa and Sato, Ryota and Saruyama, Masaki and Teranishi, Toshiharu and Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00326},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yarita et al. - 2017 - Dynamics of Charged Excitons and Biexcitons in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Revealed by Femtosecond Transient.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {apr},
number = {7},
pages = {1413--1418},
pmid = {28286951},
title = {{Dynamics of Charged Excitons and Biexcitons in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Revealed by Femtosecond Transient-Absorption and Single-Dot Luminescence Spectroscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00326},
volume = {8},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Ishida2022,
abstract = {Impedance spectroscopy (IS) plays a unique role in evaluating time-dependent behavior of carriers in materials and devices. However, lack of information on spatial locations often hinders the accurate interpretation of results. In this study, we develop a method for measuring the local impedance distribution that can compensate for this disadvantage. The validity of the measurement was verified by comparing the experimental results with numerical simulation and macroscopic IS data. We demonstrated that this method was able to locate impedance components in IS data and measure their length scales with a high spatial resolution. This method complements the information obtained from macroscopic IS measurements and thus contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the carrier behavior at different time scales in technologically important materials and devices.},
author = {Ishida, Nobuyuki},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05567},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.jpcc.2c05567.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {oct},
number = {41},
pages = {17627--17634},
title = {{Local Impedance Measurement by Direct Detection of Oscillating Electrostatic Potential Using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05567},
volume = {126},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Stranks2015,
abstract = {Organic-inorganic perovskites are currently one of the hottest topics in photovoltaic (PV) research, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of cells on a laboratory scale already competing with those of established thin-film PV technologies. Most enhancements have been achieved by improving the quality of the perovskite films, suggesting that the optimization of film formation and crystallization is of paramount importance for further advances. Here, we review the various techniques for film formation and the role of the solvents and precursors in the processes. We address the role chloride ions play in film formation of mixed-halide perovskites, which is an outstanding question in the field. We highlight the material properties that are essential for high-efficiency operation of solar cells, and identify how further improved morphologies might be achieved.},
author = {Stranks, Samuel D. and Nayak, Pabitra K. and Zhang, Wei and Stergiopoulos, Thomas and Snaith, Henry J.},
doi = {10.1002/anie.201410214},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stranks et al. - 2015 - Formation of thin films of organic-inorganic perovskites for high-efficiency solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14337851},
journal = {Angew. Chemie Int. Ed.},
keywords = {Crystallinity,Morphology,Organic-inorganic perovskites,Photovoltaics,Precursors},
month = {mar},
number = {11},
pages = {3240--3248},
title = {{Formation of Thin Films of Organic-Inorganic Perovskites for High-Efficiency Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201410214},
volume = {54},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Gramse2009,
abstract = {A simple method to measure the static dielectric constant of thin films with nanometric spatial resolution is presented. The dielectric constant is extracted from DC electrostatic force measurements with the use of an accurate analytical model. The method is validated here on thin silicon dioxide films (8nm thick, dielectric constant∼4) and purple membrane monolayers (6nm thick, dielectric constant∼2), providing results in excellent agreement with those recently obtained by nanoscale capacitance microscopy using a current-sensing approach. The main advantage of the force detection approach resides in its simplicity and direct application on any commercial atomic force microscope with no need of additional sophisticated electronics, thus being easily available to researchers in materials science, biophysics and semiconductor technology. {\textcopyright} 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
annote = {DC EFM measurement bit like G-KPFM but really easy and simple to use. No additonal eqiument},
author = {Gramse, G. and Casuso, I. and Toset, J. and Fumagalli, L. and Gomila, G.},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/20/39/395702},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Gramse{\_}2009{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}20{\_}395702.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {sep},
number = {39},
pages = {395702},
pmid = {19724109},
title = {{Quantitative dielectric constant measurement of thin films by DC electrostatic force microscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/20/39/395702},
volume = {20},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Millan-Solsona2020,
abstract = {The specific capacitance of ultrathin organic self-assembled monolayers at metal/electrolyte interfaces is measured with nanoscale spatial resolution.},
author = {Millan-Solsona, Ruben and Checa, Mart{\'{i}} and Fumagalli, Laura and Gomila, Gabriel},
doi = {10.1039/D0NR05723A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/d0nr05723a.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2040-3364},
journal = {Nanoscale},
number = {40},
pages = {20658--20668},
pmid = {33043923},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Mapping the capacitance of self-assembled monolayers at metal/electrolyte interfaces at the nanoscale by in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D0NR05723A},
volume = {12},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ganose2017a,
abstract = {The field of photovoltaics is undergoing a surge of interest following the recent discovery of the lead hybrid perovskites as a remarkably efficient class of solar absorber. Of these, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) has garnered significant attention due to its record breaking efficiencies, however, there are growing concerns surrounding its long-term stability. Many of the excellent properties seen in hybrid perovskites are thought to derive from the 6s2 electronic configuration of lead, a configuration seen in a range of post-transition metal compounds. In this review we look beyond MAPI to other ns2 solar absorbers, with the aim of identifying those materials likely to achieve high efficiencies. The ideal properties essential to produce highly efficient solar cells are discussed and used as a framework to assess the broad range of compounds this field encompasses. Bringing together the lessons learned from this wide-ranging collection of materials will be essential as attention turns toward producing the next generation of solar absorbers.},
annote = {Review like},
author = {Ganose, Alex M. and Savory, Christopher N. and Scanlon, David O.},
doi = {10.1039/c6cc06475b},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ganose, Savory, Scanlon - 2017 - Beyond methylammonium lead iodide prospects for the emergent field of ns2 containing solar absorbers(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1364548X},
journal = {Chem. Commun.},
number = {1},
pages = {20--44},
pmid = {27722664},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Beyond methylammonium lead iodide: prospects for the emergent field of ns2 containing solar absorbers}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6CC06475B},
volume = {53},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Ganose2017,
abstract = {The field of photovoltaics is undergoing a surge of interest following the recent discovery of the lead hybrid perovskites as a remarkably efficient class of solar absorber. Of these, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) has garnered significant attention due to its record breaking efficiencies, however, there are growing concerns surrounding its long-term stability. Many of the excellent properties seen in hybrid perovskites are thought to derive from the 6s2 electronic configuration of lead, a configuration seen in a range of post-transition metal compounds. In this review we look beyond MAPI to other ns2 solar absorbers, with the aim of identifying those materials likely to achieve high efficiencies. The ideal properties essential to produce highly efficient solar cells are discussed and used as a framework to assess the broad range of compounds this field encompasses. Bringing together the lessons learned from this wide-ranging collection of materials will be essential as attention turns toward producing the next generation of solar absorbers.},
author = {Ganose, Alex M. and Savory, Christopher N. and Scanlon, David O.},
doi = {10.1039/c6cc06475b},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ganose, Savory, Scanlon - 2017 - Beyond methylammonium lead iodide prospects for the emergent field of ns2 containing solar absorbers.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1364548X},
journal = {Chem. Commun.},
number = {1},
pages = {20--44},
pmid = {27722664},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Beyond methylammonium lead iodide: prospects for the emergent field of ns2 containing solar absorbers}},
volume = {53},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Butt1995,
abstract = {Thermal fluctuations of the cantilever are a fundamental source of noise in atomic force microscopy. We calculated thermal noise using the equipartition theorem and considering all possible vibration modes of the cantilever. The measurable amplitude of thermal noise depends on the temperature, the spring constant K of the cantilever and on the method by which the cantilever deflection is detected. If the deflection is measured directly, e.g. with an interferometer or a scanning tunneling microscope, the thermal noise of a cantilever with a free end can be calculated from square root kT/K. If the end of the cantilever is supported by a hard surface no thermal fluctuations of the deflection are possible. If the optical lever technique is applied to measure the deflection, the thermal noise of a cantilever with a free end is square root 4kT/3K. When the cantilever is supported thermal noise decreases to square root kT/3K, but it does not vanish.},
author = {Butt, H. J. and Jaschke, M.},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/6/1/001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Cantilever{\_}H{\_}-J{\_}Butt{\_}1995{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}6{\_}1.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {1--7},
title = {{Calculation of thermal noise in atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/6/1/001},
volume = {6},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Bachman2016,
author = {Bachman, John Christopher and Muy, Sokseiha and Grimaud, Alexis and Chang, Hao-Hsun and Pour, Nir and Lux, Simon F. and Paschos, Odysseas and Maglia, Filippo and Lupart, Saskia and Lamp, Peter and Giordano, Livia and Shao-Horn, Yang},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00563},
issn = {0009-2665},
journal = {Chem. Rev.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {140--162},
title = {{Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00563},
volume = {116},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Pockett2019,
abstract = {A range of slow dynamic processes occurring in perovskite solar cells have been linked to ionic migration, including J-V hysteresis and long photovoltage rise and decay times. This work demonstrates the remarkably slow response time of triple mesoporous carbon-based cells, containing the additive 5-aminovaleric acid iodide (AVA). The photovoltage rise under illumination is 1-2 orders of magnitude longer than has previously been observed for planar and mesoporous TiO2 based devices. Transient photovoltage measurements during this slow rise in voltage show a strong negative transient feature which demonstrates the presence of fast recombination. By analyzing the rate of Voc rise and the decay of this negative transient, we show a clear link between this recombination process and the limiting of the Voc. The reduction of recombination over time and the resultant rise in Voc are influenced by the movement of ions in the perovskite. From temperature-dependent measurements, an activation energy consistent with previous literature values for iodide ion migration is obtained, although the attempt frequency is found to be many orders of magnitude lower than that in pure MAPI perovskite devices. We attribute this to the presence of the AVA molecule inhibiting the movement of ions. The importance of the TiO2/ZrO2 interface in leading to this slow behavior is revealed by studying devices with different architectures with and without the AVA additive. A significant increase in response time can only be recreated in a device with both of the mesoporous metal oxide layers and the AVA additive present in the perovskite.},
author = {Pockett, Adam and Raptis, Dimitrios and Meroni, Simone M. P. and Baker, Jenny and Watson, Trystan and Carnie, Matthew},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b01058},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pockett et al. - 2019 - Origin of Exceptionally Slow Light Soaking Effect in Mesoporous Carbon Perovskite Solar Cells with AVA Additive.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {may},
number = {18},
pages = {11414--11421},
title = {{Origin of Exceptionally Slow Light Soaking Effect in Mesoporous Carbon Perovskite Solar Cells with AVA Additive}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b01058},
volume = {123},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Lewis2006,
abstract = {Global energy consumption is projected to increase, even in the face of substantial declines in energy intensity, at least 2-fold by midcentury relative to the present because of population and economic growth. This demand could be met, in principle, from fossil energy resources, particularly coal. However, the cumulative nature of CO 2 emissions in the atmosphere demands that holding atmospheric CO 2 levels to even twice their preanthropogenic values by midcentury will require invention, development, and deployment of schemes for carbon-neutral energy production on a scale commensurate with, or larger than, the entire present-day energy supply from all sources combined. Among renewable energy resources, solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year. In view of the intermittency of insolation, if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user. An especially attractive approach is to store solar-converted energy in the form of chemical bonds, i.e., in a photosynthetic process at a year-round average efficiency significantly higher than current plants or algae, to reduce land-area requirements. Scientific challenges involved with this process include schemes to capture and convert solar energy and then store the energy in the form of chemical bonds, producing oxygen from water and a reduced fuel such as hydrogen, methane, methanol, or other hydrocarbon species.},
author = {Lewis, Nathan S. and Nocera, Daniel G.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0603395103},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Histroy{\_}Humankind{\_}pnas.0603395103.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.},
month = {oct},
number = {43},
pages = {15729--15735},
pmid = {17043226},
title = {{Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization}},
url = {https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0603395103},
volume = {103},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Yang2016,
abstract = {Organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise as a low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaic technology. Structural and electro-optical properties of the per- ovskite absorber layer are most critical to device operation characteristics. Here we present a facile fabrication of high-efficiency PSCs based on compact, large-grain, pinhole-free CH3NH3PbI3?xBrx (MAPbI3?xBrx) thin films with high reproducibility. A simple methy- lammonium bromide (MABr) treatment via spin-coating with a proper MABr concentration converts MAPbI3 thin films with different initial film qualities (for example, grain size and pinholes) to high-quality MAPbI3?xBrx thin films following an Ostwald ripening process, which is strongly affected by MABr concentration and is ineffective when replacing MABr with methylammonium iodide. A higher MABr concentration enhances I–Br anion exchange reaction, yielding poorer device performance. This MABr-selective Ostwald ripening process improves cell efficiency but also enhances device stability and thus represents a simple, promising strategy for further improving PSC performance with higher reproducibility and reliability.},
annote = {Umkristallisationsl{\"{o}}sungen mit MAI bzw. MABr in IPA (Isopropanol); Ostwaldreifung},
author = {Yang, Mengjin and Zhang, Taiyang and Schulz, Philip and Li, Zhen and Li, Ge and Kim, Dong Hoe and Guo, Nanjie and Berry, Joseph J. and Zhu, Kai and Zhao, Yixin},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms12305},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yang et al. - 2016 - Facile fabrication of large-grain CH3 NH3 PbI3-x Brx films for high-efficiency solar cells via CH3NH3 Br-selective.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20411723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
number = {May},
pages = {2--10},
title = {{Facile fabrication of large-grain CH3 NH3 PbI3-x Brx films for high-efficiency solar cells via CH3NH3 Br-selective Ostwald ripening}},
volume = {7},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Barnea-Nehoshtan2014,
abstract = {The field of organo-lead perovskite absorbers for solar cells is developing rapidly, with open-circuit voltage of reported devices already approaching the maximal theoretical voltage. Obtaining such high voltages on spun-cast or evaporated thin films is intriguing and calls for detailed investigation of the source of photovoltage in those devices. We present here a study of the roles of the selective contacts to methylammonium lead iodide chloride (MAPbI 3-xClx) using surface photovoltage spectroscopy. By depositing and characterizing each layer at a time, we show that the electron-extracting interface is more than twice as effective as the hole-extracting interface in generating photovoltage, for several combinations of electrode materials. We further observe the existence of an electron-injection related spectral feature at 1.1 eV, which might bear significance for the cell's operation. Our results illustrate the usefulness of SPV spectroscopy in highlighting gaps in cells efficiency and for deepening the understanding of charge injection processes in perovskite-based photovoltaics. {\textcopyright} 2014 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Barnea-Nehoshtan, Lee and Kirmayer, Saar and Edri, Eran and Hodes, Gary and Cahen, David},
doi = {10.1021/jz501163r},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}jz501163r.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
keywords = {Kelvin probe,organic-inorganic lead halide,perovskite solar cell,photovoltaics},
month = {jul},
number = {14},
pages = {2408--2413},
title = {{Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy Study of Organo-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz501163r},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Xiao2015,
abstract = {As a new member of thin-film solar cells, the perovskite solar cells have inspired a new research hot in new photoelectric materials and devices, and have given a new energy to the photovoltaic science. Currently, various device structures, including mesoporous and planar, with and without hole transport material have been developed. In this review, much focus has been addressed to the deposition of high-quality perovskite films, structural optimization, and interface engineering as well as the understanding of the charge generation, transport, and recombination mechanisms of the devices. Furthermore, cost, stability, and environment issues of the cell are also discussed for commercial application.},
annote = {Kristallstruktur MAPI u.a. 

Quelle 70 Alex Klasen},
author = {Xiao, Junyan and Shi, Jiangjian and Li, Dongmei and Meng, Qingbo},
doi = {10.1007/s11426-014-5289-2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Xiao et al. - 2015 - Perovskite thin-film solar cell Excitation in photovoltaic science.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16747291},
journal = {Sci. China Chem.},
keywords = {interface,material,perovskite solar cell,photovoltaic device,structure},
number = {2},
pages = {221--238},
title = {{Perovskite thin-film solar cell: Excitation in photovoltaic science}},
volume = {58},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Liu2010,
annote = {Review AFM in Biology},
author = {Liu, Shaoyang and Wang, Yifen},
doi = {10.1002/sca.20173},
issn = {01610457},
journal = {Scanning},
month = {mar},
number = {2},
pages = {61--73},
title = {{Application of AFM in microbiology: a review}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sca.20173},
volume = {32},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Fukuzawa2020,
abstract = {We propose dual bias modulation electrostatic force microscopy (DEFM) for variable frequency measurements of surface depletion capacitance on a semiconductor. In DEFM, dual alternating current bias voltages at angular frequencies of $\omega$1 and $\omega$2 are applied to generate an electrostatic force, and we detect the high order term at an angular frequency of $\omega$2 - 2$\omega$1 in the electrostatic force from which a derivative of surface depletion capacitance by voltage (∂C/∂V) can be evaluated. Even with a fixed value of $\omega$2 - 2$\omega$1 at a specific resonant frequency of the cantilever, to ensure sufficient sensitivity of the electrostatic force, a pair of $\omega$1 and $\omega$2 can be varied; this enables variable frequency measurements of ∂C/∂V by DEFM. The validity of the quantitation and spatial resolution of DEFM were assessed through the analysis of metal-oxide-silicon and Zn(O, S)/Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 samples.},
author = {Fukuzawa, Ryota and Takahashi, Takuji},
doi = {10.1063/1.5127219},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.5127219.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {023702},
pmid = {32113435},
publisher = {AIP Publishing, LLC},
title = {{Development of dual bias modulation electrostatic force microscopy for variable frequency measurements of capacitance}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127219 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5127219},
volume = {91},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Casuso2007,
abstract = {Nanoscale capacitance images of purple membrane layers are obtained simultaneously to topography in a nondestructive manner by operating alternating current sensing atomic force microscopy in jumping mode. Capacitance images show excellent agreement with theoretical modeling and prove to be a noninvasive method for measuring the thickness of purple membrane layers beyond the single monolayer limit with nanoscale lateral spatial resolution. With the ability of spatially resolving the capacitance while preserving the sample from damaging, this technique can be applied for nanoscale thickness measurement of other biological layers and soft materials in general. {\textcopyright} 2007 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {quantitative measurement of er and thickness of thin insulating films at the nanoscale from (Gomila2008)},
author = {Casuso, Ignacio and Fumagalli, Laura and Gomila, Gabriel and Padr{\'{o}}s, Esteve},
doi = {10.1063/1.2767979},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Calibration{\_}tip{\_}radius{\_}1.2767979.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {aug},
number = {6},
pages = {063111},
title = {{Nondestructive thickness measurement of biological layers at the nanoscale by simultaneous topography and capacitance imaging}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2767979},
volume = {91},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Borgani2014,
abstract = {We demonstrate an alternative to Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy for imaging surface potential. The open-loop, single-pass technique applies a low-frequency AC voltage to the atomic force microscopy tip while driving the cantilever near its resonance frequency. Frequency mixing due to the nonlinear capacitance gives intermodulation products of the two drive frequencies near the cantilever resonance, where they are measured with high signal to noise ratio. Analysis of this intermodulation response allows for quantitative reconstruction of the contact potential difference. We derive the theory of the method, validate it with numerical simulation and a control experiment, and we demonstrate its utility for fast imaging of the surface photo-voltage on an organic photo-voltaic material.},
annote = {EFM Paper

Photovaltage

Intermodulation AFM},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1408.5285},
author = {Borgani, Riccardo and Forchheimer, Daniel and Bergqvist, Jonas and Thor{\'{e}}n, Per-Anders and Ingan{\"{a}}s, Olle and Haviland, David B.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4897966},
eprint = {1408.5285},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Borgani et al. - 2014 - Intermodulation electrostatic force microscopy for imaging surface photo-voltage.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
mendeley-groups = {Masterarbeit,PhD/Photovoltage Decay},
month = {oct},
number = {14},
pages = {143113},
title = {{Intermodulation electrostatic force microscopy for imaging surface photo-voltage}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4897966 https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/105/14/143113/281529/Intermodulation-electrostatic-force-microscopy-for},
volume = {105},
year = {2014}
}

@article{Chirvony2020,
abstract = {In this paper we present critical analysis of different points of view on interpretation of the photoluminescence (PL) decay kinetics in lead halide perovskites prepared in the form of well passivated nanocrystals (PNCs) or thin polycrystalline layers. In addition to the literature data, our own measurements are also considered. For PNCs, a strong dependence of the PL lifetimes on the type of passivating ligand was observed with a consistently high PL quantum yield. It is shown that such ligand effects, as well as a decrease in the PL lifetime with decreasing temperature, are well qualitatively explained by the phenomenological model of thermally activated delayed luminescence, in which the extension of the PL decay time with temperature occurs due to the participation of shallow non-quenching traps. In the case of thin perovskite layers, we conclude that the PL kinetics under sufficiently low excitation intensity is determined by the excitation quenching on the layer surfaces. We demonstrate that a large variety of possible PL decay kinetics for thin polycrystalline perovskite films can be modelled by means of one-dimensional diffusion equation with use of the diffusion coefficient D and surface recombination velocity S as parameters and conclude that long-lived PL kinetics are formed in case of low D and/or S values.},
author = {Chirvony, Vladimir S. and Sekerbayev, Kairolla S. and {Pashaei Adl}, Hamid and Su{\'{a}}rez, Isaac and Taurbayev, Yerzhan T. and Gualdr{\'{o}}n-Reyes, Andr{\'{e}}s F. and Mora-Ser{\'{o}}, Iv{\'{a}}n and Mart{\'{i}}nez-Pastor, Juan P.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117092},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chirvony et al. - 2020 - Interpretation of the photoluminescence decay kinetics in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals and thin polycry.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00222313},
journal = {J. Lumin.},
number = {July 2019},
title = {{Interpretation of the photoluminescence decay kinetics in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals and thin polycrystalline films}},
volume = {221},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Peng2013,
author = {Peng, Jinqing and Lu, Lin and Yang, Hongxing},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.035},
issn = {13640321},
journal = {Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.},
month = {mar},
pages = {255--274},
title = {{Review on life cycle assessment of energy payback and greenhouse gas emission of solar photovoltaic systems}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032112006478},
volume = {19},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Tessmer2008,
abstract = {We review recently reported scanned-probe capacitance measurements of electrons entering silicon donors in a gallium-arsenide heterostructure. Single-electron peaks were observed in the capacitanceversus- voltage curves. The precise voltage position of the peaks varied with the location of the probe, reflecting a random distribution of silicon within the donor plane. In addition, three broader capacitance peaks were observed independent of the probe location, indicating clusters of electrons entering the system at approximately the same voltages. These broad peaks are consistent with the addition energy spectrum of donor molecules, effectively formed by nearest-neighbor pairs of silicon donors. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V.},
annote = {some application --{\textgreater} not that interesting},
author = {Tessmer, S.H. and Kuljanishvili, I. and Kayis, C. and Harrison, J.F. and Piermarocchi, C. and Kaplan, T.A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.physb.2008.07.003},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0921452608003025-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09214526},
journal = {Phys. B Condens. Matter},
keywords = {Capacitance,Defects,Dopants,Scanning probe microscopy},
month = {oct},
number = {19-20},
pages = {3774--3780},
title = {{Nanometer-scale capacitance spectroscopy of semiconductor donor molecules}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921452608003025},
volume = {403},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Prochowicz2019,
abstract = {Engineering the chemical composition of inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite materials is an effective strategy to boost the performance and operational stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among the diverse family of ABX3 perovskites, methylammonium-free mixed A-site cation CsxFA1-xPbI3 perovskites appear as attractive light-absorber materials because of their optimum band gap, superior optoelectronic property, and good thermal stability. Here, we develop a simple and very effective one-step solution method for the preparation of high-quality (Cs)x(FA)1-xPbI3 perovskite films upon the addition of excess CsCl to the FAPbI3 precursor solution. It is found that the addition of CsCl as a source of Cs cation instead of relevant addition of CsI to the parent perovskite solution increases effectively the grain size and film quality leading to improved charge mobility, reduced carrier recombination, and long carrier lifetime. The resultant mesoscopic perovskite devices exhibit a maximum efficiency of 20.60{\%} with a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 19.85{\%} and lower hysteresis compared to the reference device. This performance is among the highest reported for PSC devices incorporating mixed cation (Cs)x(FA)1-xPbI3 perovskites.},
annote = {Anleitung f{\"{u}}r Perowskite von Saba},
author = {Prochowicz, Daniel and Runjhun, Rashmi and Tavakoli, Mohammad Mahdi and Yadav, Pankaj and Saski, Marcin and Alanazi, Anwar Q. and Kubicki, Dominik J. and Kaszkur, Zbigniew and Zakeeruddin, Shaik M. and Lewi{\'{n}}ski, Janusz and Gr{\"{a}}tzel, Michael},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04871},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Prochowicz et al. - 2019 - Engineering of Perovskite Materials Based on Formamidinium and Cesium Hybridization for High-Efficiency Solar.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0897-4756},
journal = {Chem. Mater.},
month = {mar},
number = {5},
pages = {1620--1627},
title = {{Engineering of Perovskite Materials Based on Formamidinium and Cesium Hybridization for High-Efficiency Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04871},
volume = {31},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Ebadi2019,
abstract = {In this research, we employed transient photo-voltage rise and decay measurements to investigate the origin of slow unsymmetrical rise and decay profiles in single and triple cation perovskite solar cells. Drastic changes in photo-voltage decay profile were observed upon insertion of Br−, Cs+ and FA+ ions into perovskite structures. In order to explain our observations, the activation energy for ionic defects was measured and an equivalent circuit model was proposed containing both electrical and ionic components. The electrical branch consists of a diode, the bulk capacitance and resistances for charge transport and recombination. In parallel we introduced an ionic branch describing the ionic response by a resistance for ionic charge transport and a capacitance describing ion accumulation at the interface to the charge transport layer. To reproduce the asymmetry of photo-voltage rise and decay, a diode with a parallel resistor is introduced leading to a belayed backflow of the accumulated ions. The results revealed that the activation energy of ionic defects became larger upon insertion of either halides or cations. There is larger amount of ionic defects in the case of MAPbI3 while the de-accumulation process of ions happens in much larger time scale in triple cation perovskite. The presence of ions at the interfaces results in band bending generating a potential barrier restraining electrons and holes from recombination; so the loss of built-in potential is delayed until de-accumulation of ionic double layer happens. Our model proposes that the loss of built-in potential depends on electrostatic potential drop, suggesting coupled electronic-ionic phenomenon in perovskite solar cells.},
author = {Ebadi, Firouzeh and Aryanpour, Masoud and Mohammadpour, Raheleh and Taghavinia, Nima},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-48505-6},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ebadi et al. - 2019 - Coupled Ionic-Electronic Equivalent Circuit to Describe Asymmetric Rise and Decay of Photovoltage Profile in Perov.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2045-2322},
journal = {Sci. Rep.},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {11962},
pmid = {31427649},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Coupled Ionic-Electronic Equivalent Circuit to Describe Asymmetric Rise and Decay of Photovoltage Profile in Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48505-6 http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-48505-6},
volume = {9},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Sakai1996,
abstract = {Capacitance–distance (C–s) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics have been measured for the tip–sample capacitance on Si(001)2×1 and Si(111)7×7 surfaces. On both surfaces, the C–s characteristics are found to be little affected by the types of sample doping and also show no appreciable bias dependence. These observations suggest that the space‐charge region of the semiconductor gives no contribution to the tip–sample capacitance because of the high density of surface states on clean Si surfaces.},
author = {Sakai, A. and Kurokawa, S. and Hasegawa, Y.},
doi = {10.1116/1.580270},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/abs{\_}C{\_}1.580270.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734-2101},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A Vacuum, Surfaces, Film.},
month = {may},
number = {3},
pages = {1219--1222},
title = {{Geometrical capacitance of the tip–semiconductor junction}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/avs/jva/article/14/3/1219-1222/944848},
volume = {14},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Liu2020a,
abstract = {The stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been identified to be the bottleneck toward their industrialization. With the aim of tackling this challenge, a 1D PbI2-bipyridine (BPy)(II) perovskite is fabricated, which is shown to be capable of in situ assembly of a 1D@3D perovskite that is promoted by a PbI2-dimethyl sulfoxide complex with a skeletal linear chain structure. The as-prepared 1D@3D perovskite is observed to demonstrate extremely high stability under external large electric fields in humid environments by means of an in situ characterization technique. This stability is associated with its well lattice-matching heterojunction structure between 1D and 3D heterojunction domains. Importantly, ion migration is alleviated through blocking of the ion-migration channels. Accordingly, the 1D@3D hybrid PSC shows a power conversion efficiency of 21.18{\%} maintaining remarkably high long-term stability in the presence of water, illumination, and external electric fields. This rational design and microstructure study of 1D@3D perovskites provides a new paradigm that may enable higher efficiency and stability of PSCs.},
author = {Liu, Peng and Xian, Yeming and Yuan, Weinan and Long, Yi and Liu, Kun and Rahman, Naveed Ur and Li, Wenzhe and Fan, Jiandong},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201903654},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/aenm201903654-sup-0001-suppmat.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
month = {may},
number = {17},
pages = {1903654},
title = {{SI: Lattice‐Matching Structurally‐Stable 1D@3D Perovskites toward Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201903654},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Li2019,
abstract = {Defects play an important role in the degradation processes of hybrid halide perovskite absorbers, impeding their application for solar cells. Among all defects, halide anion and organic cation vacancies are ubiquitous, promoting ion diffusion and leading to thin-film decomposition at surfaces and grain boundaries. Here, we employ fluoride to simultaneously passivate both anion and cation vacancies, by taking advantage of the extremely high electronegativity of fluoride. We obtain a power conversion efficiency of 21.46{\%} (and a certified 21.3{\%}-efficient cell) in a device based on the caesium, methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA) triple-cation perovskite (Cs0.05FA0.54MA0.41)Pb(I0.98Br0.02)3 treated with sodium fluoride. The device retains 90{\%} of its original power conversion efficiency after 1,000 h of operation at the maximum power point. With the help of first-principles density functional theory calculations, we argue that the fluoride ions suppress the formation of halide anion and organic cation vacancies, through a unique strengthening of the chemical bonds with the surrounding lead and organic cations.},
annote = {Saba`s Referece Karlsruhe
Zusammenarbeit Beginn Masterarbeit},
author = {Li, Nengxu and Tao, Shuxia and Chen, Yihua and Niu, Xiuxiu and Onwudinanti, Chidozie K. and Hu, Chen and Qiu, Zhiwen and Xu, Ziqi and Zheng, Guanhaojie and Wang, Ligang and Zhang, Yu and Li, Liang and Liu, Huifen and Lun, Yingzhuo and Hong, Jiawang and Wang, Xueyun and Liu, Yuquan and Xie, Haipeng and Gao, Yongli and Bai, Yang and Yang, Shihe and Brocks, Geert and Chen, Qi and Zhou, Huanping},
doi = {10.1038/s41560-019-0382-6},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Li et al. - 2019 - Cation and anion immobilization through chemical bonding enhancement with fluorides for stable halide perovskite sola.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {4156001903},
issn = {20587546},
journal = {Nat. Energy},
number = {5},
pages = {408--415},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Cation and anion immobilization through chemical bonding enhancement with fluorides for stable halide perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0382-6},
volume = {4},
year = {2019}
}
@book{Endres1984,
abstract = {Predicting the binding mode of flexible polypeptides to proteins is an important task that falls outside the domain of applicability of most small molecule and protein−protein docking tools. Here, we test the small molecule flexible ligand docking program Glide on a set of 19 non-$\alpha$-helical peptides and systematically improve pose prediction accuracy by enhancing Glide sampling for flexible polypeptides. In addition, scoring of the poses was improved by post-processing with physics-based implicit solvent MM- GBSA calculations. Using the best RMSD among the top 10 scoring poses as a metric, the success rate (RMSD ≤ 2.0 {\AA} for the interface backbone atoms) increased from 21{\%} with default Glide SP settings to 58{\%} with the enhanced peptide sampling and scoring protocol in the case of redocking to the native protein structure. This approaches the accuracy of the recently developed Rosetta FlexPepDock method (63{\%} success for these 19 peptides) while being over 100 times faster. Cross-docking was performed for a subset of cases where an unbound receptor structure was available, and in that case, 40{\%} of peptides were docked successfully. We analyze the results and find that the optimized polypeptide protocol is most accurate for extended peptides of limited size and number of formal charges, defining a domain of applicability for this approach.},
address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
author = {Endres, Helmut},
booktitle = {Chem. Aspekte der Festk{\"{o}}rper-Physik},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-69871-2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Buch{\_}Chemische Aspekte der Festk{\"{o}}rperphysik{\_}Endres{\_}978-3-642-69871-2.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-3-540-13604-0},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
title = {{Chemische Aspekte der Festk{\"{o}}rper-Physik}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-69871-2},
year = {1984}
}
@article{Fumagalli2012,
abstract = {Label-free detection of the material composition of nanoparticles could be enabled by the quantification of the nanoparticlesĝ™ inherent dielectric response to an applied electric field. However, the sensitivity of dielectric nanoscale objects to geometric and non-local effects makes the dielectric response extremely weak. Here we show that electrostatic force microscopy with sub-piconewton resolution can resolve the dielectric constants of single dielectric nanoparticles without the need for any reference material, as well as distinguish nanoparticles that have an identical surface but different inner composition. We unambiguously identified unlabelled ∼10 nm nanoparticles of similar morphology but different low-polarizable materials, and discriminated empty from DNA-containing virus capsids. Our approach should make the in situ characterization of nanoscale dielectrics and biological macromolecules possible. {\textcopyright} 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.},
annote = {something with dielectic constant

check details},
author = {Fumagalli, Laura and Esteban-Ferrer, Daniel and Cuervo, Ana and Carrascosa, Jose L. and Gomila, Gabriel},
doi = {10.1038/nmat3369},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/nmat3369.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1476-1122},
journal = {Nat. Mater.},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {808--816},
pmid = {22772654},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Label-free identification of single dielectric nanoparticles and viruses with ultraweak polarization forces}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nmat3369 https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat3369},
volume = {11},
year = {2012}
}
@misc{Degreen2021,
author = {Degreen},
doi = {https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29640175},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Degreen - 2021 - Solarzelle Si, CC BY-SA 2.0 de.svg:svg},
title = {{Solarzelle Si, CC BY-SA 2.0 de}},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Checa2023,
author = {Checa, Mart{\'{i}} and Kelley, Kyle and Xiao, Kai and Collins, Liam},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2678612/v1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/spiral{\_}mode{\_}oak{\_}ridge{\_}505bca7a-78a5-405c-ba61-d50547a852bd.pdf:pdf},
title = {{High speed mapping of surface charge dynamics via Spiral Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy}},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Jung2015,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells based on organometal halide light absorbers have been considered a promising photovoltaic technology due to their superb power conversion effi ciency (PCE) along with very low material costs. Since the fi rst report on a long-term durable solid-state perovskite solar cell with a PCE of 9.7{\%} in 2012, a PCE as high as 19.3{\%} was demonstrated in 2014, and a certifi ed PCE of 17.9{\%} was shown in 2014. Such a high photovoltaic performance is attributed to optically high absorption characteristics and balanced charge transport properties with long diffusion lengths. Nevertheless, there are lots of puzzles to unravel the basis for such high photovoltaic performances. The working principle of perovskite solar cells has not been well established by far, which is the most important thing for understanding perovksite solar cells. In this review, basic fundamentals of perovskite materials including optoelectronic and dielectric properties are described to give a better understanding and insight into high-performing perovskite solar cells. In addition, various fabrication techniques and device structures are described toward the further improvement of perovskite solar cells.},
author = {Jung, Hyun Suk and Park, Nam-Gyu},
doi = {10.1002/smll.201402767},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Small - 2014 - Jung - Perovskite Solar Cells  From Materials to Devices.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16136810},
journal = {Small},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {10--25},
title = {{Perovskite Solar Cells: From Materials to Devices}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.201402767},
volume = {11},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Kelley2020,
abstract = {Fast scanning probe microscopy enabled via machine learning allows for a broad range of nanoscale, temporally resolved physics to be uncovered. However, such examples for functional imaging are few in number. Here, using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) as a model application, a factor of 5.8 reduction in data collection using a combination of sparse spiral scanning with compressive sensing and Gaussian process regression reconstruction is demonstrated. It is found that even extremely sparse spiral scans offer strong reconstructions with less than 6{\%} error for Gaussian process regression reconstructions. Further, the error associated with each reconstructive technique per reconstruction iteration is analyzed, finding the error is similar past ≈15 iterations, while at initial iterations Gaussian process regression outperforms compressive sensing. This study highlights the capabilities of reconstruction techniques when applied to sparse data, particularly sparse spiral PFM scans, with broad applications in scanning probe and electron microscopies.},
annote = {spiral mode --{\textgreater} Oak Ridge},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {2004.11817},
author = {Kelley, Kyle P. and Ziatdinov, Maxim and Collins, Liam and Susner, Michael A. and Vasudevan, Rama K. and Balke, Nina and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Jesse, Stephen},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202002878},
eprint = {2004.11817},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Small - 2020 - Kelley - Fast Scanning Probe Microscopy via Machine Learning  Non‐Rectangular Scans with Compressed Sensing.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1613-6810},
journal = {Small},
keywords = {Gaussian process regression,atomic force microscopy,compressive sensing,ferroelectric heterostructures,piezoresponse force microscopy},
month = {sep},
number = {37},
pages = {2002878},
pmid = {32780947},
title = {{Fast Scanning Probe Microscopy via Machine Learning: Non‐Rectangular Scans with Compressed Sensing and Gaussian Process Optimization}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202002878},
volume = {16},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hutter1993,
abstract = {Images and force measurements taken by an atomic-force microscope (AFM) depend greatly on the properties of the spring and tip used to probe the sample's surface. In this article, we describe a simple, nondestructive procedure for measuring the force constant, resonant frequency, and quality factor of an AFM cantilever spring and the effective radius of curvature of an AFM tip. Our procedure uses the AFM itself and does not require additional equipment.},
author = {Hutter, Jeffrey L. and Bechhoefer, John},
doi = {10.1063/1.1143970},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1143970.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {1868--1873},
title = {{Calibration of atomic‐force microscope tips}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1143970},
volume = {64},
year = {1993}
}
@article{Leong2016,
abstract = {The temperature dependence of the principal photovoltaic parameters of perovskite photovoltaics is studied. The recombination activation energy is in good agreement with the perovskite's bandgap energy, thereby placing an upper bound on the open-circuit voltage. The photocurrent increases moderately with temperature and remains high at low temperature, reinforcing that the cells are not hindered by insufficient thermally activated mobility or carrier trapping by deep defects.},
author = {Leong, Wei Lin and Ooi, Zi-En and Sabba, Dharani and Yi, Chenyi and Zakeeruddin, Shaik M. and Graetzel, Michael and Gordon, Jeffrey M. and Katz, Eugene A. and Mathews, Nripan},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201505480},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Materials - 2016 - Leong - Identifying Fundamental Limitations in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09359648},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {carrier recombination,perovskites,solar cells},
month = {mar},
number = {12},
pages = {2439--2445},
title = {{Identifying Fundamental Limitations in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201505480},
volume = {28},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Wolff2021,
abstract = {Ideally, the charge carrier lifetime in a solar cell is limited by the radiative free carrier recombination in the absorber which is a second-order process. Yet, real-life cells suffer from severe nonradiative recombination in the bulk of the absorber, at interfaces, or within other functional layers. Here, the dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers are probed directly in pin-type mixed halide perovskite solar cells with an efficiency {\textgreater}20{\%}, using time-resolved optical absorption spectroscopy and optoelectronic techniques. The charge carrier dynamics in complete devices is fully consistent with a superposition of first-, second-, and third-order recombination processes, with no admixture of recombination pathways with non-integer order. Under solar illumination, recombination in the studied solar cells proceeds predominantly through nonradiative first-order recombination with a lifetime of 250 ns, which competes with second-order free charge recombination which is mostly if not entirely radiative. Results from the transient experiments are further employed to successfully explain the steady-state solar cell properties over a wide range of illumination intensities. It is concluded that improving carrier lifetimes to {\textgreater}3 µs will take perovskite devices into the radiative regime, where their performance will benefit from photon-recycling.},
author = {Wolff, Christian M. and Bourelle, Sean A. and Phuong, Le Quang and Kurpiers, Jona and Feldmann, Sascha and Caprioglio, Pietro and Marquez, Jose Antonio and Wolansky, Jakob and Unold, Thomas and Stolterfoht, Martin and Shoaee, Safa and Deschler, Felix and Neher, Dieter},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.202101823},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Energy Materials - 2021 - Wolff - Orders of Recombination in Complete Perovskite Solar Cells   Linking.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {carrier lifetimes,interfacial recombination,perovskite solar cells,recombination dynamics,time resolved spectroscopy},
month = {dec},
number = {45},
pages = {2101823},
title = {{Orders of Recombination in Complete Perovskite Solar Cells – Linking Time‐Resolved and Steady‐State Measurements}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.202101823},
volume = {11},
year = {2021}
}
@book{Xi1999,
abstract = {applicability for this approach.},
address = {Dordrecht},
annote = {Dielectric Properties and Applications of Strontium Titanate Thin Films for Tunable Electronics XX Xi, Hong-Cheng Li, Weidong Si, AA Sirenko

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4493-3{\_}14},
author = {Xi, X. X. and Li, Hong-Cheng and Si, Weidong and Sirenko, A. A.},
booktitle = {Nano-Crystalline Thin Film Magn. Oxides},
doi = {10.1007/978-94-011-4493-3},
editor = {Nedkov, Ivan and Ausloos, Marcel},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/978-94-011-4493-3.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-0-7923-5873-2},
pages = {195--208},
publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
title = {{Nano-Crystalline and Thin Film Magnetic Oxides}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-011-4493-3{\_}14 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-011-4493-3},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Bredenbeck2004,
abstract = {We describe a setup of two synchronized femtosecond 1 kHz oscillator/regenerative amplifier laser systems that allows to continuously delay the amplified pulses up to 50 $\mu$s, with a jitter of ≤2 ps. It can be realized by facile modification and combination of equipment that already exists in many femtosecond laser laboratories. It opens up a variety of experimental possibilities, particularly for the investigation of systems that display dynamics over a wide range of time scales, such as peptides and proteins. As an example we discuss the application of this setup for time resolved IR spectroscopy. {\textcopyright} 2004 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Bredenbeck, Jens and Helbing, Jan and Hamm, Peter},
doi = {10.1063/1.1793891},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1793891.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00346748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
number = {11},
pages = {4462--4466},
title = {{Continuous scanning from picoseconds to microseconds in time resolved linear and nonlinear spectroscopy}},
volume = {75},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Sanchez2014a,
abstract = {Characteristic times of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been measured by different techniques: transient photovoltage decay, transient photoluminescence, and impedance spectroscopy. A slow dynamic process is detected that shows characteristic times in the seconds to milliseconds scale, with good quantitative agreement between transient photovoltage decay and impedance spectroscopy. Here, we show that this characteristic time is related with a novel slow dynamic process caused by the peculiar structural properties of lead halide perovskites and depending on perovskite crystal size and organic cation nature. This new process may lie at the basis of the current-voltage hysteresis reported for PSCs and could have important implications in PSC performance because it may give rise to distinct dynamical behavior with respect to other classes of photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, we show that low-frequency characteristic time, commonly associated with electronic carrier lifetime in other photovoltaic devices, cannot be attributed to a recombination process in the case of PSCs. {\textcopyright} 2014 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Sanchez, Rafael S. and Gonzalez-Pedro, Victoria and Lee, Jin-Wook and Park, Nam-Gyu and Kang, Yong Soo and Mora-Sero, Ivan and Bisquert, Juan},
doi = {10.1021/jz5011187},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/15{\_}jz5011187.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
keywords = {impedance spectroscopy,lead halide perovskite,perovskite solar cell,transient photovoltage decay},
month = {jul},
number = {13},
pages = {2357--2363},
title = {{Slow Dynamic Processes in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Characteristic Times and Hysteresis}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz5011187},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Khan2014,
author = {Khan, Mohammad A. and Bhansali, Unnat S. and Almadhoun, Mahmoud N. and Odeh, Ihab N. and Cha, Dongkyu and Alshareef, Husam N.},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.201302056},
issn = {1616301X},
journal = {Adv. Funct. Mater.},
month = {mar},
number = {10},
pages = {1372--1381},
title = {{High-Performance Ferroelectric Memory Based on Phase-Separated Films of Polymer Blends}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201302056},
volume = {24},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Moreno-Romero2019,
abstract = {Perovskite thin films can be prepared by two-step spin coating technique, in which lead iodide (PbI2) is first deposited followed by methylammonium halide. The addition of isopropanol (IPA) in the first deposition leads to more porous and less crystalline PbI2 thin films. To understand the effect of IPA treatment, we study the surface morphology parameters of PbI2 thin films by using statistical fractal analysis on their Atomic Force Microscopy images at different image scales. We found that the surface roughness of IPA-treated PbI2 layer (r-PbI2) is almost twice than that of the PbI2 layer without such treatment (c-PbI2). Moreover, the surface of r-PbI2 thin films shows a self-similar characteristic, which means that the roughness pattern may repeat at different scales. This is confirmed by perfilometry measurement, showing a uniform roughness pattern of r-PbI2 samples in a millimeter scale. Furthermore, larger grain size and crystallinity of perovskite thin films are obtained with r-PbI2, independent of the partial substitution of iodide by chloride or bromide. The perovskite solar cells based on r-PbI2 exhibit average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.27{\%} over 127 cell samples, whereas those fabricated with c-PbI2 films show a lower average PCE of 7.20{\%} over 107 samples.},
annote = {Zwei-Schritt-Methode
2-Step-Procedure

Versuchsreihe F1 bis F8},
author = {Moreno-Romero, Paola M. and Corpus-Mendoza, Asiel N. and Mill{\'{a}}n-Franco, Mario A. and Rodr{\'{i}}guez-Casta{\~{n}}eda, Carlos A. and Torres-Herrera, D. Mateus and Liu, Feng and Hu, Hailin},
doi = {10.1007/s10854-019-02100-7},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Moreno-Romero et al. - 2019 - Roughness and structural modification of PbI2 thin films by isopropanol treatment to improve methylammoniu.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0123456789},
issn = {1573482X},
journal = {J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.},
number = {18},
pages = {17491--17503},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Roughness and structural modification of PbI2 thin films by isopropanol treatment to improve methylammonium lead halide formation and solar cell efficiency}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02100-7},
volume = {30},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Chen2015,
abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. In the current study, the perovskite absorber (CH3NH3PbI3) is processed via one-step deposition employing the small molecule additive, BmPyPhB, which can be dissolved in dimethylformamide along with precursors. Here, 1,3-Bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB) functions as the morphology controller to introduce an intermediate phase during perovskite film growth, which allows well-defined and precrystallized domains formed before the annealing treatment. Furthermore, a chloroform solvent wash procedure is applied afterward to remove BmPyPhB from perovskite without damaging the predetermined morphology. Thus, postannealing as low as 100°C for 5 min can achieve the optimal power conversion efficiency of 8{\%} in a planar-structured inverted solar cell.},
annote = {Additivzugabe von BmPyPhB f{\"{u}}r glattere Oberfl{\"{a}}chen bei One-Step-Methoden mit MAI und PbI2 -Lsg en.

PCL1?},
author = {Chen, Chun-Chao and Hong, Zirou and Li, Gang and Chen, Qi and Zhou, Huanping and Yang, Yang},
doi = {10.1117/1.jpe.5.057405},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chen et al. - 2015 - One-step, low-temperature deposited perovskite solar cell utilizing small molecule additive.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1947-7988},
journal = {J. Photonics Energy},
number = {1},
pages = {057405},
title = {{One-step, low-temperature deposited perovskite solar cell utilizing small molecule additive}},
volume = {5},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Zhao2013,
author = {Zhao, Yixin and Zhu, Kai},
doi = {10.1021/jz401527q},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {sep},
number = {17},
pages = {2880--2884},
title = {{Charge Transport and Recombination in Perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 )PbI 3 Sensitized TiO 2 Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz401527q},
volume = {4},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Goto1997a,
abstract = {We present a new technique for microscopic capacitance measurements. Capacitance microscopy is combined with tapping mode force microscopy. The tapping motion is successfully used for the capacitance modulation and also for the tip-sample distance regulation. Furthermore, capacitive and topographic images are simultaneously obtained. The technique was applied to observations of a gratinglike electrode and of a nitride-oxide-silicon structure for a nonvolatile memory. {\textcopyright} 1997 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {New tapping mode SCM technique from Goto

Tapping mode SCM technique with quantification sensor 
openloop scan of tip-sample capacitance signal was measured as a
function of the tip-sample distance.},
author = {Goto, Kazuya and Hane, Kazuhiro},
doi = {10.1063/1.1147749},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1147749.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {120--123},
title = {{Tapping mode capacitance microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1147749},
volume = {68},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Hodes2014,
author = {Hodes, Gary and Cahen, David},
doi = {10.1038/nphoton.2014.5},
issn = {1749-4885},
journal = {Nat. Photonics},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {87--88},
title = {{Perovskite cells roll forward}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2014.5},
volume = {8},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{Ajour2009,
annote = {978-1-4244-4346-8/09},
author = {Ajour, M. N. and Fothergill, J. C. and See, K. B. A. and Dissado, L. A.},
booktitle = {2009 6th Int. Multi-Conference Syst. Signals Devices},
doi = {10.1109/SSD.2009.4956643},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Sub-hertz{\_}dielectric{\_}spectroscopy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-4244-4345-1},
month = {mar},
pages = {1--3},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{“Sub-Hertz” Dielectric Spectroscopy}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4956643/},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Giessibl2001,
abstract = {Frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (FMAFM) has proven to be a powerful method for imaging surfaces with true atomic resolution. However, the tip-sample forces are not directly accessible by FMAFM. Here, an algorithm to recover the tip-sample forces from the frequency shift curve is introduced and demonstrated with experimental data. Also, an intuititive connection between frequency shift $\Delta$f and tip-sample force gradient kts that simplifies the calculation of FMAFM images is established: $\Delta$f is a convolution of kts with a semispherical weight function, {\textcopyright} 2001 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Giessibl, F. J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1335546},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1335546.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {123--125},
title = {{A direct method to calculate tip–sample forces from frequency shifts in frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1335546},
volume = {78},
year = {2001}
}
@article{DInnocenzo2014,
author = {D'Innocenzo, Valerio and Grancini, Giulia and Alcocer, Marcelo J. P. and Kandada, Ajay Ram Srimath and Stranks, Samuel D. and Lee, Michael M. and Lanzani, Guglielmo and Snaith, Henry J. and Petrozza, Annamaria},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms4586},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
month = {apr},
number = {1},
pages = {3586},
title = {{Excitons versus free charges in organo-lead tri-halide perovskites}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms4586},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Platz2008,
abstract = {A mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) is demonstrated where an oscillating AFM cantilever having linear response is driven with two frequencies in the vicinity of a resonance. New frequencies in the response, known as intermodulation products, are generated when the linearity of the cantilever response is perturbed by the nonlinear tip-surface interaction. A rich structure of the intermodulation products is observed as a function of the probe-surface separation, indicating that it is possible to extract much more detailed information about the tip-surface interaction than is possible with the standard amplitude and phase imaging methods.},
annote = {from {\{}Garcia2012{\}} 
Intermodulation AFM Bases},
author = {Platz, Daniel and Thol{\'{e}}n, Erik A. and Pesen, Devrim and Haviland, David B.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2909569},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/multi{\_}freq{\_}153106{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
mendeley-groups = {PhD/Multifrequency},
month = {apr},
number = {15},
pages = {153106},
title = {{Intermodulation atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/92/15/153106/326213/Intermodulation-atomic-force-microscopy},
volume = {92},
year = {2008}
}

@article{Xu2020,
abstract = {As a new generation of solid-state film cells, organic solar cells (OSCs) have become the research focus in the field of renewable energy sources, and the reported power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have been boosted to 18{\%}. Hole transport layer (HTL) materials, a critical component of OSCs, exert a tremendous impact on the PCE and stability of OSCs. At present, the HTL materials used in OSCs can be divided into two main categories, which are inorganic HTL materials and organic HTL materials. Although, OSCs with inorganic HTL materials can achieve satisfactory PCE, they are not suitable for large-scale commercial roll-to-roll production due to the unavoidable process of high-temperature vacuum evaporation. Recently, a great number of organic HTL materials have been designed, synthesized, and successfully applied in OSCs. Herein, we review the recent advances in organic HTL materials in single-junction OSCs and systematically discuss the relationships between the structure and properties of various HTL materials, and highlight the design rules of HTL materials for highly efficient and stable OSCs. This journal is},
author = {Xu, Haitao and Xu, Haitao and Yuan, Feng and Zhou, Dan and Liao, Xunfan and Chen, Lie and Chen, Yiwang and Chen, Yiwang},
doi = {10.1039/d0ta03511d},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/d0ta03511d{\_}HTL{\_}Paper.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20507496},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {23},
pages = {11478--11492},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Hole transport layers for organic solar cells: Recent progress and prospects}},
volume = {8},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lochmann2020,
abstract = {A novel three‐electrode electrolyte supercapacitor (electric double‐layer capacitor [EDLC]) architecture in which a symmetrical interdigital “working” two‐electrode micro‐supercapacitor array (W‐Cap) is paired with a third “gate” electrode that reversibly depletes/injects electrolyte ions into the system controlling the “working” capacity effectively is described. All three electrodes are based on precursor‐derived nanoporous carbons with well‐defined specific surface area (735 m 2 g −1 ). The interdigitated architecture of the W‐Cap is precisely manufactured using 3D printing. The W‐Cap operating with a proton conducting PVA/H 2 SO 4 ‐hydrogel electrolyte and high capacitance (6.9 mF cm −2 ) can be repeatedly switched “on” and “off”. By applying a low DC bias potential (−0.5 V) at the gate electrode, the AC electroadsorption in the coupled interdigital nanoporous carbon electrodes of the W‐Cap is effectively suppressed leading to a stark capacity drop by two orders of magnitude from an “on” to an “off” state. The switchable micro‐supercapacitor is the first of its kind. This general concept is suitable for implementing a broad range of nanoporous materials and advanced electrolytes expanding its functions and applications in future. The integration of intelligent functions into EDLC devices has extensive implications for diverse areas such as capacitive energy management, microelectronics, iontronics, and neuromodulation.},
author = {Lochmann, Stefanie and Br{\"{a}}uniger, Yannik and Gottsmann, Vincent and Galle, Lydia and Grothe, Julia and Kaskel, Stefan},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.201910439},
issn = {1616-301X},
journal = {Adv. Funct. Mater.},
month = {may},
number = {19},
pages = {1910439},
title = {{Switchable Supercapacitors with Transistor‐Like Gating Characteristics (G‐Cap)}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201910439},
volume = {30},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Guo2000,
abstract = {We have demonstrated in two separate cases that SANS experiments can be used to obtain binary interaction parameters effectively and accurately. With measured $\chi$ as a function of composition and temperature, the free energy of mixing can be obtained at least numerically. The phase diagram including spinodal curves and cloud-point curves can be predicted. The second derivative of free energy of mixing w.r.t. composition, ∂2ƒ/∂ϕ2, can be used directly in the kinetics studies of spinodal decomposition. In the polybutadiene/polybutadiene case, individual pair interaction parameters can be separated out. Microstructure effect is the main contribution to the incompatibility of the blends. Nevertheless, with the use of the random copolymer theory, phase behavior can be predicted.},
author = {Han, Charles C.},
doi = {10.5254/1.3538247},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Qipeng-Zhenhai2000{\_}Article{\_}PhaseBehaviorOfPolymerBlends.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1943-4804},
journal = {Rubber Chem. Technol.},
keywords = {miscibility,phase behavior,phase separation,polymer blend},
month = {mar},
number = {1},
pages = {98--109},
title = {{Phase Behavior of Polymer Blends}},
url = {https://meridian.allenpress.com/rct/article/63/1/98/91602/Phase-Behavior-of-Polymer-Blends},
volume = {63},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Jiang2021,
abstract = {We study ion migration in 2D lead halide perovskites of varying dimensionality using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). We perform potentiometry on micrometer-scale lateral junctions in the absence of injected charge, and we compare how ion motion varies between prototypical two-dimensional n-butylammonium lead iodide perovskites (BA2PbI4, n = 1), and methylammonium-incorporated quasi-2D perovskites (BA2MA3Pb4I13, a{\^{a}} ¨n= 4) under the effects of illumination and temperature. We attribute the observed slow dynamics to relaxation of the bias-induced ionic charge distributions at different temperatures, and we extract the activation energies associated with the ionic motion in each case. Finally, we propose an explanation for these phenomena by hypothesizing that ion motion in purely-2D BA2PbI4 perovskite films is dominated by paired halide and halide vacancy, whereas for quasi-2D BA2MA3Pb4I13 perovskites, the ion motion is a combination of both halide and methylammonium (vacancy) migration. These data show that dimensionality in these systems plays a critical role in ion dynamics.},
annote = {Chao Paper Empfelung},
author = {Jiang, Fangyuan and Pothoof, Justin and Muckel, Franziska and Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Wang, Jian and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02032},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jiang et al. - 2021 - Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy Reveals That Ion Motion Varies with Dimensionality in 2D Halide Perovskites.pdf:pdf},
issn = {23808195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
number = {1},
pages = {100--108},
title = {{Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy Reveals That Ion Motion Varies with Dimensionality in 2D Halide Perovskites}},
volume = {6},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Fulmek2002,
abstract = {Based on a capacitive angle and angular rate sensor, a sensor measuring the relative angle between two rotating shafts has been developed. Two rotatable electrodes are placed between two sensor plates. The relative angle between the two rotors and the absolute position of the rotor blades are calculated from measurements of the capacitive coupling between different transmitting stator segments and a single receiving electrode. A prototype of this sensor has been developed with a range of the relative angle of ±7.5° with a resolution of 0.1°. {\textcopyright} 2002 IEEE.},
author = {Fulmek, P.L. and Wandling, Florian and Zdiarsky, Wolfgang and Brasseur, Georg and Cermak, S.P.},
doi = {10.1109/TIM.2002.808052},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Capacitive{\_}sensor{\_}for{\_}relative{\_}angle{\_}measurement.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0018-9456},
journal = {IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.},
keywords = {Capacitive sensor,Contact-less,Low-cost,Robust sensors,Torque sensor},
month = {dec},
number = {6},
pages = {1145--1149},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Capacitive sensor for relative angle measurement}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1177904/},
volume = {51},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Yang2019,
abstract = {To improve the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cells, it is necessary to reduce the density of surface defect for perovskite film with smooth surface. In this paper, we demonstrate a DMSO/CB mixed vapor annealing process to fabricate high-performance planar perovskite solar cells. The mixed vapor annealing treatment can significantly enhance the crystallization of perovskite film, leading to less crystal surface defects, effective charge-separation and the electron transport rate at the perovskite interface. Finally, the efficiency and reproducibility of the cells has been greatly improved. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) improved from 16.6{\%} to 18.4{\%} under AM 1.5G 100 mW{\textperiodcentered}cm−2 irradiation. We anticipate that the mixed vapor annealing treatment will become a promising crystallization method for the fabrication of high performance PSCs in the future commercialization.},
annote = {mixed solvent anneling f{\"{u}}r gr{\"{o}}{\ss}ere Grains},
author = {Yang, Xiaomin and Wei, Yuelin and Huang, Feiyue and Jin, Shao and Luo, Dan and Fang, Yu and Zhao, Yuezhu and Guo, Qiyao and Huang, Yunfang and Fan, Leqing and Wu, Jihuai},
doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.005},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yang et al. - 2019 - Mixed-steam annealing treatment for perovskite films to improve solar cells performance.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0038092X},
journal = {Sol. Energy},
keywords = {Mixed-steam annealing,Perovskite solar cell,Power conversion efficiency},
month = {jan},
number = {October 2018},
pages = {299--305},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Mixed-steam annealing treatment for perovskite films to improve solar cells performance}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.005 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X18311010},
volume = {177},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Levine2021,
abstract = {Identification of electronic processes at buried interfaces of charge-selective contacts is crucial for photovoltaic and photocatalysis research. Here, transient surface photovoltage (SPV) is used to study the passivation of different hole-selective carbazole-based SAMs. It is shown that transient SPV and transient photoluminescence provide complementary information on charge transfer kinetics and trapping/de-trapping mechanisms, and that trap-assisted non-radiative recombination losses originate from electron trapping at the SAM-modified ITO/perovskite interface. The hole transfer rates and the density of interface electron traps, obtained by fitting SPV transients with a minimalistic kinetic model, depended strongly on the SAM's chemical structure, and densities of interface traps as low as 109 cm−2, on par with highly passivated c-Si surfaces, were reached for Me-4PACz, previously used in record perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. The extracted hole transfer rate constants and interface trap densities correlated well with the corresponding fill factors and open-circuit voltages of high-efficiency solar cells.},
author = {Levine, Igal and Al-Ashouri, Amran and Musiienko, Artem and Hempel, Hannes and Magomedov, Artiom and Drevilkauskaite, Aida and Getautis, Vytautas and Menzel, Dorothee and Hinrichs, Karsten and Unold, Thomas and Albrecht, Steve and Dittrich, Thomas},
doi = {10.1016/j.joule.2021.07.016},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/pero{\_}time scales of trap{\_}1-s2.0-S2542435121003548-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {25424351},
journal = {Joule},
keywords = {buried interfaces,carbazole-based SAMs,charge transfer,interface passivation,interfacial recombination,perovskite solar cell,self-assembled monolayer,surface photovoltage,time-resolved PL,time-resolved SPV},
month = {nov},
number = {11},
pages = {2915--2933},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Charge transfer rates and electron trapping at buried interfaces of perovskite solar cells}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.07.016 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2542435121003548},
volume = {5},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Deng2015,
abstract = {Scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells by doctor-blading is demonstrated with a device efficiency of 15.1{\%} under 1 sun light.},
author = {Deng, Yehao and Peng, Edwin and Shao, Yuchuan and Xiao, Zhengguo and Dong, Qingfeng and Huang, Jinsong},
doi = {10.1039/C4EE03907F},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {5},
pages = {1544--1550},
title = {{Scalable fabrication of efficient organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells with doctor-bladed active layers}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4EE03907F},
volume = {8},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Kanemitsu2017,
abstract = {Research on solution-processed lead-halide perovskites is on the rise due to their highly anticipated applications as photonic devices. These perovskites exhibit strong band-to-band luminescence even at room temperature, resulting in high energy-conversion efficiencies for solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Here we summarize recent optical spectroscopic studies on CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite single crystals, thin films, and diode devices along with a discussion on their carrier generation, recombination, and transport dynamics in relation to the inherent efficient conversion between light and electricity.},
author = {Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko},
doi = {10.1039/C7TC00669A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kanemitsu - 2017 - Luminescence spectroscopy of lead-halide perovskites materials properties and application as photovoltaic devices.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20507526},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. C},
number = {14},
pages = {3427--3437},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Luminescence spectroscopy of lead-halide perovskites: materials properties and application as photovoltaic devices}},
volume = {5},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Pietralunga2020,
abstract = {To leverage the outstanding photonic qualities of lead halide hybrid perovskites under high optical irradiance, their reliability and temporal stability must be assessed. Time-resolved scanning electron microscopy unveils that when illuminating the free surface of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films at 500 Sun in vacuum, a giant photopotential locally develops in tens of seconds, differently evolving depending on charge-selective substrates. It is reversible on timescales of minutes in the case of hole-transporting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, while more persistent effects occurs, on the timescale of hours, in the case of electron-transporting TiO2. In addition, films grown on TiO2 show irreversible decay of photoluminescence measured in situ and photoinduced alteration of the work function at some grain boundaries. Different responses at high irradiance are ascribable to contact-dependent and light-induced spatial redistribution of charged defects, either ions or localized dipoles. It is also clear that photoexcited charges play different roles in the photochemistry of systems, depending on selective contacts and they are likely to mediate diverse photoassisted redox reaction paths. The TiO2 layer may act as a photocatalyst, leading to MAPbI3 degradation and to irreversible polarization, which will hinder high-irradiance applications.},
annote = {need to cite in tr-KPFM paper revison},
author = {Pietralunga, Silvia Maria and Irde, Gabriele and Barker, Alex J. and Ball, James M. and Petrozza, Annamaria and Sala, Vittorio and Zani, Maurizio and Lanzani, Guglielmo and Tagliaferri, Alberto},
doi = {10.1002/admi.202000297},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pietralunga et al. - 2020 - Dynamical Imaging of Surface Photopotentials in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite Films under High Optical Irrad.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2196-7350},
journal = {Adv. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {concentrated photovoltaics,high optical irradiance,hybrid lead-halide perovskites,surface polarization,time-resolved SEM},
month = {aug},
number = {16},
pages = {2000297},
title = {{Dynamical Imaging of Surface Photopotentials in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite Films under High Optical Irradiance and the Role of Selective Contacts}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/admi.202000297},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Buriak2023,
author = {Buriak, Jillian M. and Akinwande, Deji and Artzi, Natalie and Brinker, C. Jeffrey and Burrows, Cynthia and Chan, Warren C. W. and Chen, Chunying and Chen, Xiaodong and Chhowalla, Manish and Chi, Lifeng and Chueh, William and Crudden, Cathleen M. and {Di Carlo}, Dino and Glotzer, Sharon C. and Hersam, Mark C. and Ho, Dean and Hu, Tony Y. and Huang, Jiaxing and Javey, Ali and Kamat, Prashant V. and Kim, Il-Doo and Kotov, Nicholas A. and Lee, T. Randall and Lee, Young Hee and Li, Yan and Liz-Marz{\'{a}}n, Luis M. and Mulvaney, Paul and Narang, Prineha and Nordlander, Peter and Oklu, Rahmi and Parak, Wolfgang J. and Rogach, Andrey L. and Salanne, Mathieu and Samor{\`{i}}, Paolo and Schaak, Raymond E. and Schanze, Kirk S. and Sekitani, Tsuyoshi and Skrabalak, Sara and Sood, Ajay K. and Voets, Ilja K. and Wang, Shutao and Wang, Shutao and Wee, Andrew T. S. and Ye, Jinhua},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.3c01544},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/acsnano.3c01544.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1936-0851},
journal = {ACS Nano},
month = {mar},
number = {5},
pages = {4091--4093},
title = {{Best Practices for Using AI When Writing Scientific Manuscripts}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.3c01544},
volume = {17},
year = {2023}
}
@phdthesis{Rohrbeck2021,
author = {Rohrbeck, Pascal Niko},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rohrbeck - 2021 - Untersuchung von lokalen Aufladungsdynamiken an Perowskit-Korngrenzen mit zeitaufgel{\"{o}}sten KPFM Methoden.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--116},
school = {Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz},
title = {{Untersuchung von lokalen Aufladungsdynamiken an Perowskit-Korngrenzen mit zeitaufgel{\"{o}}sten KPFM Methoden}},
type = {Master thesis},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Li2019a,
abstract = {The wet lead (II) iodide (PbI2) film-based two-step spin-coating procedure is employed to prepare good-performed planar heterojunction (PHJ) solar cell by simply controlling the remaining content of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent in PbI2 film. It was found that such wet PbI2 film was beneficial to produce pinhole-free, smooth, and highly crystalline perovskite film since the remaining DMSO could retard the crystallization of PbI2. By modulating the content of residual DMSO, the best performed device has efficiency as high as 21.20{\%} with negligible photocurrent hysteresis. The average conversion efficiency has reached 20.15{\%}, 14.42{\%} enhanced comparing to annealing method. Our technique is simple but effective, and we expect it could be widely used especially for devices fabricated on flexible substrates.},
annote = {2 Schritt Methode 
2-Step-Procedure

DMSo als LM 

Einfluss auf Effizienz?

Aber auch FA;DMF etc.},
author = {Li, Shina and Ren, He and Yan, Yong},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.129},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Li, Ren, Yan - 2019 - Boosting efficiency of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells to 21.2{\%} by a facile two-step deposition strat.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {Dimethyl sulfoxide,Perovskite solar cells,Planar heterojunction,Two-step spin-coating method},
number = {April},
pages = {1191--1197},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Boosting efficiency of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells to 21.2{\%} by a facile two-step deposition strategy}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.129},
volume = {484},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Wang2018a,
abstract = {The tip motion of the dynamic atomic force microscope in liquids shows complex transient behaviors when using a low stiffness cantilever. The second flexural mode of the cantilever is momentarily excited. Multiple impacts between the tip and the sample might occur in one oscillation cycle. However, the commonly used Fourier transform method cannot provide time-related information about these transient features. To overcome this limitation, we apply the wavelet transform to perform the time-frequency analysis of the tip motion in liquids. The momentary excitation of the second mode and the phenomenon of multiple impacts are clearly shown in the time-frequency plane of the wavelet scalogram. The instantaneous frequencies and magnitudes of the second mode are extracted by the wavelet ridge analysis, which can provide quantitative estimations of the tip motion in the second mode. Moreover, the relations of the maximum instantaneous magnitude (MIM) to the amplitude setpoint and the Young's modulus of the sample surface are investigated. The results suggest that the MIM can be used to characterize the nanomechanical property of the sample surface at high amplitude setpoints.},
author = {Wang, Zhenyu and Qian, Jianqiang and Li, Yingzi and Zhang, Yingxu and Shan, Guanqiao and Dou, Zhipeng and Song, Zihang and Lin, Rui},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6528/aad031},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Time-frequency analysis of the tip motion in liquids.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
keywords = {dynamic atomic force microscopy,time-frequency analysis,tip motion,wavelet ridge analysis,wavelet transform},
month = {sep},
number = {38},
pages = {385702},
pmid = {29957597},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Time-frequency analysis of the tip motion in liquids using the wavelet transform in dynamic atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/aad031},
volume = {29},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Cuevas2005,
abstract = {When measuring I-V characteristics and carrier lifetimes in quasi-steady-state (QSS) conditions, it is important to consider the time dependence of the charge due to excess carriers within the device. This paper shows that the space-charge region present in pn-junction devices and in many lifetime test structures can produce a significant capacitive effect when measuring the low voltage and low carrier density range of QSS I-V curves. Both computer modeling and experiments show that the junction capacitance is particularly significant in the case of low-resistivity silicon wafers, but it can also be noticeable in intermediate and high-resistivity samples. The paper demonstrates that the static I-V characteristics can be accurately reconstructed using a simple analytical model for the space-charge region. It thus fills a gap in the understanding of the low injection range of QSS voltage and lifetime measurements.},
annote = {[16] from {\{}Recart2006{\}}},
author = {Cuevas, A. and Recart, F.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2073973},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {oct},
number = {7},
pages = {074507},
title = {{Capacitive effects in quasi-steady-state voltage and lifetime measurements of silicon devices}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/jap/article/98/7/074507/566605/Capacitive-effects-in-quasi-steady-state-voltage},
volume = {98},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Barsan2016,
abstract = {Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) is a valuable technique for correlating the electrical properties of a material with its topographic features and for identifying and characterizing conductive pathways in polymer composites. However, aspects such as compatibility between tip material and sample, contact force and area between the tip and the sample, tip degradation and environmental conditions render quantifying the results quite challenging. This study aims at finding the suitable conditions for C-AFM to generate reliable, reproducible, and quantitative current maps that can be used to calculate the resistance in each point of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network, nonimpregnated as well as impregnated with a polymer. The results obtained emphasize the technique's limitation at the macroscale as the resistance of these highly conductive samples cannot be distinguished from the tip-sample contact resistance. Quantitative C-AFM measurements on thin composite sections of 150-350 nm enable the separation of sample and tip-sample contact resistance, but also indicate that these sections are not representative for the overall SWCNT network. Nevertheless, the technique was successfully used to characterize the local electrical properties of the composite material, such as sample homogeneity and resistance range of individual SWCNT clusters, at the nano- and microscale.},
author = {B{\^{a}}rsan, Oana A. and Hoffmann, G{\"{u}}nter G. and van der Ven, Leendert G. J. and de With, Gijsbertus},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.6b06201},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acsami.6b06201.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {carbon nanotubes,conductive nanocomposites,conductive-atomic force microscopy,polymer composite,quantitative},
month = {aug},
number = {30},
pages = {19701--19708},
title = {{Quantitative Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Polymer Composites}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.6b06201},
volume = {8},
year = {2016}
}
@book{Butt2003,
abstract = {Serving as a general introduction to surface and interface science, this book focuses on essential concepts rather than specific details, on intuitive understanding rather than learning facts. The text reflects the fact that the physics and chemistry of surfaces is a diverse field of research and shows this in its Interdisciplinary conceptual design. Once the most important techniques and methods have been introduced, readers will be able to apply simple models to their own scientific problems. Furthermore, manifold high-end technological applications from surface technology, biotechnology, or microelectronics illustrate the basic scientific treatment. The authors address advanced students of chemistry, physics, materials science, chemical engineering and related subjects with a basic knowledge of natural sciences and mathematics, since the mathematical calculations are thoroughly explained and made comprehensible for the reader. As such, non-specialists in surface science who want to learn more about this important subject will also benefit from the book.},
annote = {Buch von Butt},
author = {Butt, Hans‐J{\"{u}}rgen and Graf, Karlheinz and Kappl, Michael},
booktitle = {Phys. Chem. Interfaces},
doi = {10.1002/3527602313},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Butt, Graf, Kappl - 2003 - Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783527404131},
month = {sep},
publisher = {Wiley},
title = {{Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/3527602313},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Patel2008,
abstract = {Dielectric techniques, which include dielectric spectroscopy as well as AC electrokinetic methods such as dielectrophoresis, electrorotation and electro-orientation, can be provide important information about cell viability. A review is given of the different dielectric techniques that have been used for measuring cell viability and their utility. The changes that occur in the cell dielectric properties during apoptotic and different forms of traumatic cell death are discussed and interpreted in terms of the main parameters involved (membrane capacitance and conductance and internal conductivity). {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author = {Patel, Pareshkumar and Markx, Gerard H.},
doi = {10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.09.005},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0141022908002457-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01410229},
journal = {Enzyme Microb. Technol.},
keywords = {Capacitance,Dielectric spectroscopy,Dielectrophoresis,Electrorotation,Permittivity,Stress,Viability},
month = {dec},
number = {7},
pages = {463--470},
title = {{Dielectric measurement of cell death}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0141022908002457},
volume = {43},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Dracup1980,
author = {Dracup, John A. and Lee, Kil Seong and Paulson, Edwin G.},
doi = {10.1029/WR016i002p00297},
issn = {00431397},
journal = {Water Resour. Res.},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {297--302},
title = {{On the definition of droughts}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/WR016i002p00297},
volume = {16},
year = {1980}
}
@article{Lai2008,
abstract = {A stripline-type near-field microwave probe is microfabricated for microwave impedance microscopy. Unlike the poorly shielded coplanar probe that senses the sample tens of microns away, the stripline structure removes the stray fields from the cantilever body and localizes the interaction only around the focused-ion beam deposited Pt tip. The approaching curve of an oscillating tip toward bulk dielectrics can be quantitatively simulated and fitted to the finite-element analysis result. The peak signal of the approaching curve is a measure of the sample dielectric constant and can be used to study unknown bulk materials.},
author = {Lai, K. and Kundhikanjana, W. and Kelly, M. A. and Shen, Z. X.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2990638},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/1.2990638.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {sep},
number = {12},
pages = {6--9},
title = {{Calibration of shielded microwave probes using bulk dielectrics}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/93/12/123105/131304/Calibration-of-shielded-microwave-probes-using},
volume = {93},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Richheimer2022,
abstract = {Nanoscale investigation of operational stability in perovskite films. Scanning probe microscopy is employed to reveal signs of early-stage degradation caused by the formation of local charge imbalance across the film microstructure.},
author = {Richheimer, Filipe and Toth, David and Hailegnaw, Bekele and Baker, Mark A. and Dorey, Robert A. and Kienberger, Ferry and Castro, Fernando A. and Kaltenbrunner, Martin and Scharber, Markus C. and Gramse, Georg and Wood, Sebastian},
doi = {10.1039/D1NR05045A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Ion{\_}degradation{\_}perovskite{\_}d1nr05045a.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2040-3364},
journal = {Nanoscale},
number = {7},
pages = {2605--2616},
pmid = {35129185},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Ion-driven nanograin formation in early-stage degradation of tri-cation perovskite films}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1NR05045A},
volume = {14},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Fiorenza2020,
abstract = {The dielectric breakdown (BD) of thermal oxide (SiO2) grown on cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) was investigated comparing the electrical behavior of macroscopic metal–oxidesemiconductor (MOS) capacitors with nanoscale current and capacitance mapping using conductive atomic force (C-AFM) and scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). Spatially resolved statistics of the oxide BD events by C-AFM revealed that the extrinsic premature BD is correlated to the presence of peculiar extended defects, the anti-phase boundaries (APBs), in the 3C-SiC layer. SCM analyses showed a larger carrier density at the stacking faults (SFs) the 3C-SiC, that can be explained by a locally enhanced density of states in the conduction band. On the other hand, a local increase of minority carriers concentration was deduced for APBs, indicating that they behave as conducting defects having also the possibility to trap positive charges. The results were explained with the local electric field enhancement in correspondence of positively charged defects.},
annote = {SCm und c-AFM auf Si/SiO2

ganz nett aber kein SCM},
author = {Fiorenza, P. and Schilir{\`{o}}, E. and Giannazzo, F. and Bongiorno, C. and Zielinski, M. and {La Via}, F. and Roccaforte, F.},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146656},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fiorenza et al. - 2020 - On the origin of the premature breakdown of thermal oxide on 3C-SiC probed by electrical scanning probe microsc.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {3C-SiC,Conductive atomic force microscopy,MOS,Oxide breakdown,Scanning capacitance microscopy},
month = {oct},
number = {May},
pages = {146656},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{On the origin of the premature breakdown of thermal oxide on 3C-SiC probed by electrical scanning probe microscopy}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146656 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433220314136},
volume = {526},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Benstetter2009,
abstract = {This paper gives an overview of established methods and new developments in the field of Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) of functional films and semiconductor devices. It focuses on both, SPM analyses of passive structures and devices in operation. The contribution includes techniques such as Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) and Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) for implant mapping, Conductive AFM (C-AFM) for thin dielectrics analysis and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) to study the potential distribution across active electronic devices. Finally combinations of different SPM-based techniques are described and future challenges for SPM-based techniques are discussed. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
annote = {Review SCM (IC-SCM) !

Aber auch Review SSRM, c-AFM und KPFM

Sehr wichtig},
author = {Benstetter, G{\"{u}}nther and Biberger, Roland and Liu, Dongping},
doi = {10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.176},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Benstetter, Biberger, Liu - 2009 - A review of advanced scanning probe microscope analysis of functional films and semiconductor devices.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00406090},
journal = {Thin Solid Films},
keywords = {Dopant profiling,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Scanning capacitance microscopy,Scanning probe microscopy},
month = {jul},
number = {17},
pages = {5100--5105},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{A review of advanced scanning probe microscope analysis of functional films and semiconductor devices}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.176 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040609009006233},
volume = {517},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Kranthiraja2023,
abstract = {We report a chlorine-substituted polythiophene-based, dioxobenzodithiophene-containing conjugated polymer (P2T-Cl) as a promising dopant-free hole transport material in lead halide perovskite solar cells.},
author = {Kranthiraja, Kakaraparthi and Nishikubo, Ryosuke and Saeki, Akinori},
doi = {10.1039/D3YA00113J},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/HTL{\_}Pero{\_}d3ya00113j.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2753-1457},
journal = {Energy Adv.},
number = {7},
pages = {1030--1035},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{A chlorinated polythiophene-based polymer as a dopant-free hole transport material in perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3YA00113J},
volume = {2},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Huang2023,
abstract = {We present a facile low-cost method to produce nitrogen-doped holey graphene (N-HGE) and its application to supercapacitors. A composite of N-HGE and activated carbon (AC) was used as the electrode active material in organic-electrolyte supercapacitors, and the performances were evaluated. Melamine was mixed into graphite oxide (GO) as the N source, and an ultra-rapid heating method was used to create numerous holes during the reduction process of GO. X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the successful doping with 2.9–4.5 at.{\%} of nitrogen on all samples. Scanning electron micrographs and Raman spectra revealed that a higher heating rate resulted in more holes and defects on the reduced graphene sheets. An extra annealing step at 1000 °C for 1 h was carried out to further eliminate residual oxygen functional groups, which are undesirable in the organic electrolyte system. Compared to the low-heating-rate counterpart (N-GE-15), N-HGE boosted the specific capacity of the supercapacitor by 42 and 22{\%} at current densities of 0.5 and 20 A/g, respectively. The effects of annealing time (0.5, 1, and 2 h) at 1000 °C were also studied. Longer annealing time resulted in higher capacitance values at all current densities due to the minimized oxygen content. Volumetric specific capacitances of 49 and 24 F/cm3 were achieved at current densities of 0.5 and 20 A/g, respectively. For the high-power-density operation at 31,000 W/kg (or 10,000 W/L), an energy density as high as 11 Wh/kg (or 3.5 Wh/L) was achieved. The results indicated that N-HGE not only improved the conductivity of the composite supercapacitors but also accelerated ion transport by way of shortened diffusion paths through the numerous holes all over the graphene sheets.},
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Huang, Yu-Ren and Pu, Nen-Wen and Wu, Guan-Min and Liu, Yih-Ming and Lin, Ming-Hsien and Kwong, Yi-Le and Li, Siou-Cheng and Chang, Jeng-Kuei and Ger, Ming-Der},
doi = {10.3390/nano13101640},
issn = {2079-4991},
journal = {Nanomaterials},
month = {may},
number = {10},
pages = {1640},
title = {{Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic Electrolyte}},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/10/1640},
volume = {13},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Severin2022,
abstract = {Atomic surface structure imaging is instrumental for the understanding of surface-related phenomena. Here, we show that conventional tapping mode atomic force microscopy with high cantilever eigenmodes and subnanometer amplitudes allow routine atomic imaging at atmospheric pressures. We identify the reasons for failure of atomic resolution imaging employing low eigenmodes. Strong tip-surface interactions cause significant differences between the oscillatory behaviors of the inclination of the cantilever as detected by conventional instruments and of the vertical position of the tip, which prevents correct functioning of instrumental feedback control loops. However, high effective spring constants of high eigenmodes make it possible to overcome the problem. Furthermore, the combination of high effective elastic constants of high cantilever eigenmodes with the high flexibility of the cantilever substantially enhances the imaging stability, thereby universally allowing atomic imaging of solid surfaces in gaseous environments and at elevated temperatures. Demonstrated imaging examples include single sulfur vacancies at the surface of MoS2 crystals imaged at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 250°C and potassium ions on hydrophilic and highly adhesive muscovite mica surfaces. Moreover, the high imaging stability allows knocking atoms off the MoS2 surface by hard tapping, indicating the potential for ultrahigh resolution lithography.},
author = {Severin, N. and Dzhanoev, A. R. and Lin, H. and Rauf, A. and Kirstein, S. and Palma, C.-A. and Sokolov, I. M. and Rabe, J. P.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023149},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PhysRevResearch.4.023149.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2643-1564},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Res.},
keywords = {doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023149 url:https://d},
month = {may},
number = {2},
pages = {023149},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
title = {{Atomic resolution with high-eigenmode tapping mode atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023149},
volume = {4},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Mbilo2019,
abstract = {Organometallic halide perovskites are emerging as a promising class of materials for optoelectronic applications. Crystal morphology is important for improving the organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite semiconductor property in optoelectronic, electrical and photovoltaic devices. It is thus important to investigate how the changes in crystal morphology affect the semiconductor behavior. This work presents a study that was carried out to assess the relationship between different deposition methodologies and the opto-electronic and electrical properties of the resultant organometallic halide perovskite thin films. Herein, single step solution deposition method and two step solution deposition methods have been used to deposit perovskite thin films. The structure and morphology of perovskite was controlled by changing concentration, annealing temperatures and dip coating times. From the study, prepared films showed different morphologies as the concentration, annealing temperatures and dip coating times were varied. Optical band gap energies of 2.23 eV, 2.13 eV and 2.09 eV were obtained for samples prepared by single step solution deposition method and 1.57 eV, 1.55 eV and 1.52 eV for two step solution deposition method. The sheet resistance values decreased with an increase in concentration, annealing temperatures and dip coating times. The decrease in optical band gap energy and sheet resistances are excellent properties for high performance photovoltaic devices.},
annote = {Zusammenhang Morphologie und Effizienz ?},
author = {Mbilo, Mwende and John, Agumba O. and Mugwang'A, Fanuel K.},
doi = {10.1088/2053-1591/ab16a5},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mbilo, John, Mugwang'A - 2019 - Correlation between the morphology and the opto-electronic and electrical properties of organometallic h.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20531591},
journal = {Mater. Res. Express},
keywords = {activation energy,bandgap,perovskite,sheet resistance,sheet resistivity,spectroscopy,thin films},
number = {7},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Correlation between the morphology and the opto-electronic and electrical properties of organometallic halide perovskite (CH3NH3MH3) thin films}},
volume = {6},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Jia2013,
abstract = {A commercial TEM grid was used as a mask for the creation of extremely well-organized gold micro-/nano-structures on a glass substrate via a high temperature annealing process at 500 °C. The structured substrate was (bio)functionalized and used for the high throughput LSPR immunosensing of different concentrations of a model protein named bovine serum albumin. {\textcopyright} 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.},
annote = {TEM grid as evaporation mask for gold},
author = {Jia, Kun and Bijeon, Jean Louis and Adam, Pierre Michel and Ionescu, Rodica Elena},
doi = {10.1039/c2an36274k},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/TEM{\_}grid{\_}on{\_}glas{\_}substrate{\_}c2an36274k.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-2654},
journal = {Analyst},
number = {4},
pages = {1015},
title = {{A facile and cost-effective TEM grid approach to design gold nano-structured substrates for high throughput plasmonic sensitive detection of biomolecules}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c2an36274k},
volume = {138},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Zavyalov1999,
abstract = {Several advances have been made toward the achievement of quantitative two-dimensional dopant and carrier profiling. To improve the dielectric and charge properties of the oxide-silicon interface, a method of low temperature heat treatment has been developed which produces an insulating layer with consistent quality and reproducibility. After a standard polishing procedure is applied to cross-sectional samples, the samples are heated to 300 °C for 30 min under ultraviolet illumination. This additional surface treatment dramatically improves dielectric layer uniformity, scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) signal to noise ratio, and C - V curve flat band offset. Examples of the improvement in the surface quality and comparisons of converted SCM data with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data are shown. A SCM tip study has also been performed that indicates significant tip depletion problems can occur. It is shown that doped silicon tips are often depleted by the applied SCM bias voltage causing errors in the SCM measured profile. Worn metal coated and silicided silicon tips also can cause similar problems. When these effects are tested for and eliminated, excellent agreement can be achieved between quantitative SCM profiles and SIMS data over a five-decade range of dopant density using a proper physical model. The impact of the tip size and shape on SCM spatial accuracy is simulated. A flat tip model gives a good agreement with experimental data. It is found that the dc offset used to compensate the C - V curve flat band shift has a consistently opposite sign on p- and n-type substrates. This corresponds to a positive surface on p-type silicon and to a negative surface on n-type silicon. Rectification of the large capacitance probing voltage is considered as a mechanism responsible for the apparent flat band shift of (0.4-1) V measured on the samples after heating under UV irradiation. To explain the larger flat band shift of (1-5) V, tip induced charging of water-related traps is proposed and discussed. {\textcopyright} 1999 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {Review out of (Smoliner2001)},
author = {Zavyalov, V. V. and McMurray, J. S. and Williams, C. C.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1149558},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Review{\_}SCM{\_}158{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {158--164},
title = {{Advances in experimental technique for quantitative two-dimensional dopant profiling by scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi/article/70/1/158-164/444189},
volume = {70},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Ishida2022a,
author = {Ishida, Nobuyuki},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05567},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/s-info01.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {oct},
number = {41},
pages = {17627--17634},
title = {{SI: Local Impedance Measurement by Direct Detection of Oscillating Electrostatic Potential Using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05567},
volume = {126},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Gotsmann1997,
abstract = {The resonance frequency and the damping behaviour of a vibrating cantilever as used in dynamic Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM) is investigated with the frequency modulation (FM) technique. The properties of a silicon-cantilever/tip vibrating in front of a silicon surface were studied under UHV conditions as a function of the tip-sample distance. The experimental results are compared with a computer simulation. The different characteristic parts of the experimental curves can be interpreted in terms of attractive and repulsive forces acting on the cantilever as well as the behaviour of the amplitude control electronics. Using the computer simulation noncontact regimes can clearly be distinguished from intermittent contact regimes.},
annote = {nummerical approximations cited by Gotsmann1999},
author = {Gotsmann, B. and Kr{\"{u}}ger, D. and Fuchs, H.},
doi = {10.1209/epl/i1997-00542-5},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/B.{\_}Gotsmann{\_}1997{\_}EPL{\_}39{\_}153.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0295-5075},
journal = {Europhys. Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {2},
pages = {153--158},
title = {{Tip-sample interactions in scanning force microscopy using the frequency-modulation technique: Experiments and computer simulation}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/epl/i1997-00542-5},
volume = {39},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Gharibzadeh2021,
abstract = {We present a dual passivation approach for p–i–n perovskite solar cells using phenethylammonium chloride that simultaneously passivates defects at the grain boundaries and the perovskite/C 60 interface, thus substantially enhancing both V OC and FF.},
author = {Gharibzadeh, Saba and Fassl, Paul and Hossain, Ihteaz M. and Rohrbeck, Pascal and Frericks, Markus and Schmidt, Moritz and Duong, The and Khan, Motiur Rahman and Abzieher, Tobias and Nejand, Bahram Abdollahi and Schackmar, Fabian and Almora, Osbel and Feeney, Thomas and Singh, Roja and Fuchs, Dirk and Lemmer, Uli and Hofmann, Jan P. and Weber, Stefan A. L. and Paetzold, Ulrich W.},
doi = {10.1039/D1EE01508G},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/d1ee01508g.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {11},
pages = {5875--5893},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Two birds with one stone: dual grain-boundary and interface passivation enables {\textgreater}22{\%} efficient inverted methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1EE01508G},
volume = {14},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Nonnenmacher1991,
annote = {gold standard for surface voltage is KPFM source [23] of (Checa2021)},
author = {Nonnenmacher, M. and O'Boyle, M. P. and Wickramasinghe, H. K.},
doi = {10.1063/1.105227},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.105227.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783642225659},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {jun},
number = {25},
pages = {2921--2923},
title = {{Kelvin probe force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.105227},
volume = {58},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Khanna2005,
author = {Khanna, Vinod Kumar},
doi = {10.1016/j.pquantelec.2005.01.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Khanna - 2005 - Physical understanding and technological control of carrier lifetimes in semiconductor materials and devices A critique.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00796727},
journal = {Prog. Quantum Electron.},
keywords = {Auger recombination,Carrier lifetime,Carrier recombination-generation mechanisms,Lifetime control,Lifetime measurement,Shockley-Read-Hall recombination},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {59--163},
title = {{Physical understanding and technological control of carrier lifetimes in semiconductor materials and devices: A critique of conceptual development, state of the art and applications}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0079672705000030},
volume = {29},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Guadarrama-Santana2007,
author = {Guadarrama-Santana, A. and Garcia-Valenzuela, A.},
doi = {10.1109/TIM.2006.887406},
issn = {0018-9456},
journal = {IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {107--112},
title = {{Principles and Methodology for the Simultaneous Determination of Thickness and Dielectric Constant of Coatings With Capacitance Measurements}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4061085/},
volume = {56},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Abudulimu2020,
abstract = {The synthesis and characterization of three novel HTMs with different highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels and their performances in MAPbI3-based devices in comparison with Spiro-OMeTAD is reported. Without systematic optimization, the HTMs performed well. The devices delivered fill factors comparable to the one with Spiro-OMeTAD but suffered from short-circuit current (JSC). Interestingly, despite the significant differences in HOMO energy levels, all three HTMs generated the same open-circuit voltage (VOC). We explored the performance limiting factors of the HTMs by simple transient photovoltage/photocurrent (TPV/TPC) measurements along with drift-diffusion simulations. We found no correlation between HOMO energy levels of the HTMs and VOC of the devices. Performances of the devices are limited by high trap density as well as low carrier mobility of the HTMs, and by the shunts present in the devices. Furthermore, the high trap density and low carrier mobility of the HTM are found to induce ion migration effect in the device causing slow decaying components in TPV/TPC. Nevertheless, it is confirmed that JSC and VOC, measured at steady state, are not influenced by the ion migration effect. These HTMs can be improved further by optimizing their conductivity, trap density, morphology, and can be used as alternatives to Spiro-OMeTAD or other expensive, synthetically challenging HTMs. The simple and inexpensive approach presented in this work can also be applied for effectively evaluating charge transporting materials for perovskite solar cells.},
annote = {HTL Information},
author = {Abudulimu, Abasi and Sandoval-Torrientes, Rafael and Zimmermann, Iwan and Santos, Jos{\'{e}} and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja and Mart{\'{i}}n, Nazario},
doi = {10.1039/c9ta12407a},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Abudulimu et al. - 2020 - Hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells and a simple approach for determining the performance l.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20507496},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {3},
pages = {1386--1393},
title = {{Hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells and a simple approach for determining the performance limiting factors}},
volume = {8},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bokhari2020,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Bokhari, Syeda Wishal and Siddique, Ahmad Hassan and Sherrell, Peter C. and Yue, Xiaoyu and Karumbaiah, Kariappa Maletira and Wei, Shanghai and Ellis, Amanda V. and Gao, Wei},
doi = {10.1016/j.egyr.2020.10.001},
issn = {23524847},
journal = {Energy Reports},
month = {nov},
pages = {2768--2784},
title = {{Advances in graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352484720313548},
volume = {6},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Oliver2008,
abstract = {Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a key tool for nanotechnology research and finds its principal application in the determination of surface topography. However, the use of the AFM tip as a probe of electrical properties allows enormous insights into material functionality at the nanoscale. Hence, a burgeoning suite of techniques has been developed to allow the determination of properties such as resistivity, surface potential and capacitance simultaneously with topographic information. This has required the development of new instrumentation, of novel probes and of advanced sample preparation techniques. In order to understand and quantify the results of AFM-based electrical measurements, it has proved important to consider the interplay of topographic and electrical information, and the role of surface states in determining a material's electrical response at the nanoscale. Despite these challenges, AFM-based techniques provide unique insights into the electrical characteristics of ever-shrinking semiconductor devices and also allow us to probe the electrical properties of defects and self-assembled nanostructures. {\textcopyright} 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author = {Oliver, Rachel A.},
doi = {10.1088/0034-4885/71/7/076501},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Oliver{\_}2008{\_}Rep.{\_}Prog.{\_}Phys.{\_}71{\_}076501.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-4885},
journal = {Reports Prog. Phys.},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {076501},
title = {{Advances in AFM for the electrical characterization of semiconductors}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/71/7/076501},
volume = {71},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Adhyaksa2018,
abstract = {Grain boundaries play a key role in the performance of thin-film optoelectronic devices and yet their effect in halide perovskite materials is still not understood. The biggest factor limiting progress is the inability to identify grain boundaries. Noncrystallographic techniques can misidentify grain boundaries, leading to conflicting literature reports about their influence; however, the gold standard – electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) – destroys halide perovskite thin films. Here, this problem is solved by using a solid-state EBSD detector with 6000 times higher sensitivity than the traditional phosphor screen and camera. Correlating true grain size with photoluminescence lifetime, carrier diffusion length, and mobility shows that grain boundaries are not benign but have a recombination velocity of 1670 cm s−1, comparable to that of crystalline silicon. Amorphous grain boundaries are also observed that give rise to locally brighter photoluminescence intensity and longer lifetimes. This anomalous grain boundary character offers a possible explanation for the mysteriously long lifetime and record efficiency achieved in small grain halide perovskite thin films. It also suggests a new approach for passivating grain boundaries, independent of surface passivation, to lead to even better performance in optoelectronic devices.},
author = {Adhyaksa, Gede W. P. and Brittman, Sarah and Āboliņ{\v{s}}, Haralds and Lof, Andries and Li, Xueying and Keelor, Joel D. and Luo, Yanqi and Duevski, Teodor and Heeren, Ron M. A. and Ellis, Shane R. and Fenning, David P. and Garnett, Erik C.},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201804792},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Materials - 2018 - Adhyaksa - Understanding Detrimental and Beneficial Grain Boundary Effects in Halide.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0935-9648},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {amorphous grain boundaries,carrier lifetime,diffusion length,electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD),grain size effect,halide perovskites,mobility},
month = {dec},
number = {52},
pages = {1804792},
pmid = {30368936},
title = {{Understanding Detrimental and Beneficial Grain Boundary Effects in Halide Perovskites}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201804792},
volume = {30},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Brivio2014,
annote = {Original Quelle der MAPI Struktur},
author = {Brivio, Federico and Butler, Keith T. and Walsh, Aron and van Schilfgaarde, Mark},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.89.155204},
issn = {1098-0121},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {apr},
number = {15},
pages = {155204},
title = {{Relativistic quasiparticle self-consistent electronic structure of hybrid halide perovskite photovoltaic absorbers}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.155204},
volume = {89},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Poghossian2007,
abstract = {Field-effect-based capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensors have been utilised for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) immobilisation and hybridisation detection as well as for monitoring the layer-by-layer adsorption of polyelectrolytes (anionic poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)). The EIS sensors with charged macromolecules have been systematically characterised by capacitance-voltage, constant-capacitance, impedance spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy methods. The effect of the number and polarity of the polyelectrolyte layers on the shift of the capacitance-voltage curves has been investigated. Alternating potential shifts of about 30-90 mV have been observed after the adsorption of each polyanion and polycation layer, respectively. The DNA immobilisation and hybridisation signals were 35-55 and 24-33 mV, respectively. The possible mechanisms for the sensor responses are discussed. {\textcopyright} 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
annote = {uninteressant},
author = {Poghossian, A. and Abouzar, M.H. and Amberger, F. and Mayer, D. and Han, Y. and Ingebrandt, S. and Offenh{\"{a}}usser, A. and Sch{\"{o}}ning, M.J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2006.09.014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Poghossian et al. - 2007 - Field-effect sensors with charged macromolecules Characterisation by capacitance-voltage, constant-capacitanc.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09565663},
journal = {Biosens. Bioelectron.},
keywords = {DNA,Field-effect sensor,Layer-by-layer adsorption,Polyelectrolytes},
month = {apr},
number = {9-10},
pages = {2100--2107},
pmid = {17055239},
title = {{Field-effect sensors with charged macromolecules: Characterisation by capacitance–voltage, constant-capacitance, impedance spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy methods}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0956566306004507},
volume = {22},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Ohler2007,
abstract = {Uncertainty in cantilever spring constants is a critical issue in atomic force microscopy (AFM) force measurements. Though numerous methods exist for calibrating cantilever spring constants, the accuracy of these methods can be limited by both the physical models themselves as well as uncertainties in their experimental implementation. Here we report the results from two of the most common calibration methods, the thermal tune method and the Sader method. These were implemented on a standard AFM system as well as using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). Using LDV eliminates some uncertainties associated with optical lever detection on an AFM. It also offers considerably higher signal to noise deflection measurements. We find that AFM and LDV result in similar uncertainty in the calibrated spring constants, about 5{\%}, using either the thermal tune or Sader methods provided that certain limitations of the methods and instrumentation are observed. {\textcopyright} 2007 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Ohler, Benjamin},
doi = {10.1063/1.2743272},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.2743272.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {063701},
pmid = {17614610},
title = {{Cantilever spring constant calibration using laser Doppler vibrometry}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2743272},
volume = {78},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{Mukherjee2023,
abstract = {The subsurface contrast in Scanning Probe Microscopy(SPM) based techniques is usually a result of change in Contact Stiffness. In subsurface ultrasound imaging using a frequency mixing scheme, a high frequency excitation is used to increase the mechanical impedance and a modulation frequency sensitive to contact stiffness changes is used, simultaneously. The nonlinear nature of the tip-sample interaction, which depends on various probe and sample properties, causes the instantaneous contact stiffness to vary greatly. Adding the complexity of multi-frequency excitation makes it difficult to do quantifiable subsurface imaging. Subsurface ultrasound imaging can be used to measure subsurface structures through various different layers with hundreds of nanometers of depth sensitively. In this technique the tip is excited at mixed frequencies with a high carrier frequency which is either amplitude modulated or frequency modulated to a modulation frequency near the contact resonance. Thus, benefiting from the increasing mechanical impedance of the tip leading to an effective transfer of ultrasonic energy into the sample and the sensitivity to change in local stiffness changes of the material. This dynamic variation in stiffness is a culmination of depth of the nanofeatures, local (visco)-elastic properties, tip velocity and time. In this research, we thus study the influence of experimental parameters like the carrier signal, modulation signal, depth of modulation of the excitation and indentation force on the achievable sensitivity for the subsurface contrast.},
author = {Mukherjee, Dipankar and Hoogesteger, Marinus and Sadeghian, Hamed and Nijmeijer, Henk},
booktitle = {2023 IEEE Int. Ultrason. Symp.},
doi = {10.1109/IUS51837.2023.10307693},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Exploring{\_}The{\_}Sensitivity{\_}Window{\_}In{\_}Subsurface{\_}Scanning{\_}Probe{\_}Microscopy{\_}Using{\_}Frequency{\_}Mixing{\_}Scheme.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {979-8-3503-4645-9},
issn = {19485727},
keywords = {Scanning Probe Microscopy,Stiff Capping Layers,Subsurface,Subsurface Ultrasonic Resonance Force Microscopy},
month = {sep},
number = {826589},
pages = {1--4},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Exploring The Sensitivity Window In Subsurface Scanning Probe Microscopy Using Frequency Mixing Scheme}},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10307693/},
year = {2023}
}
@phdthesis{Hermes2021,
abstract = {The climate crisis and ever-rising energy demand require clean, sustainable and affordable solutions for electricity generation. Perovskite solar cells (PSC), based on the perovskite compound methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), offer high power conversion efficiencies of 25.5{\%} and low production costs. By reducing losses in the charge carrier extraction, the efficiency of PSCs can push towards the radiative efficiency limit. Particularly the impact of local morphological features in the absorber and heterointerfaces on charge carrier dynamics is of great interest to further optimize PSCs. In this work, I explored how boundary structures on different lengths scales – from subcrystalline domains to grain boundaries in polycrystalline MAPbI3 films to heterointerfaces in PSCs – affect the charge carrier transport. First, I studied a periodic subcrystalline domain pattern within MAPbI3 grains via piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and 2D x-ray diffraction for in-depth structural characterization. In-situ PFM across MAPbI3's phase transition temperature and during the application of mechanical stress revealed the ferroelastic nature of the domains, while simultaneously demonstrating routes for strain engineering. Finally, the correlation of the domain pattern with spatial and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) microscopy showed that the photocarrier diffusion depends on the orientation of the domain walls. Furthermore, I investigated the impact of grain boundaries on the charge carrier drift and diffusion via conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) and spatial and time-resolved PL microscopy. CAFM measurements allowed the determination of single grain boundary resistances. Moreover, CAFM and PL results indicate that grain boundaries act as semitransparent barriers to the inter-grain carrier transport. Here, the transparency appeared to depend on the boundary morphology, including density and contact area. I observed a similar effect for PL-photons that become trapped in the MAPbI3 film due to internal reflection: Dense grain boundaries with large contact areas seemed to facilitate photon propagation with minimal outcoupling as required for efficient light management in PSCs. Lastly, I studied the influence of different electron transport layers (ETL) on the photocarrier extraction using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) on PSC cross sections with and without illumination. The charge distribution resolved via KPFM indicates that mobile iodide ions released at the MAPbI3 / ETL interface degrade the organic hole transport layer. This degradation likely increases the interfacial resistance and defect density, resulting in losses in the charge carrier extraction. Ultimately, this work suggests that targeted control of boundary structures within the MAPbI3 absorber and stabilization of heterointerfaces will improve carrier extraction and thereby contribute to PSCs' reaching their full potential.},
author = {Hermes, Ilka Maria},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/HermesIlka{\_}Diss.pdf:pdf},
pages = {204},
school = {Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz},
title = {{Effect of subcrystalline domains , grain boundaries and hetero- interfaces on the carrier transport in perovskite solar cells}},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Chatterjee2021,
abstract = {Faradaic and non-faradaic energy storage mechanisms, impact of the nano-structuring of electrode materials and state-of-art applications in robotics, etc. of hybrid supercapacitors, and their coupling with batteries and solar cells are elucidated.},
author = {Chatterjee, Dhruba P. and Nandi, Arun K.},
doi = {10.1039/D1TA02505H},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Supercapacitors{\_}Review{\_}d1ta02505h.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {29},
pages = {15880--15918},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{A review on the recent advances in hybrid supercapacitors}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1TA02505H},
volume = {9},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Garrett2016,
abstract = {Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) adapts an atomic force microscope to measure electric potential on surfaces at nanometer length scales. Here we demonstrate that Heterodyne-KPFM enables scan rates of several frames per minute in air, and concurrently maintains spatial resolution and voltage sensitivity comparable to frequency-modulation KPFM, the current spatial resolution standard. Two common classes of topography-coupled artifacts are shown to be avoidable with H-KPFM. A second implementation of H-KPFM is also introduced, in which the voltage signal is amplified by the first cantilever resonance for enhanced sensitivity. The enhanced temporal resolution of H-KPFM can enable the imaging of many dynamic processes, such as such as electrochromic switching, phase transitions, and device degredation (battery, solar, etc), which take place over seconds to minutes and involve changes in electric potential at nanometer lengths.},
annote = {Heterodyne FM-KPFM 

Abbildung von Amelie

Fast scan H-KPFM

Erfinder H-KPFM},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1601.02503},
author = {Garrett, Joseph L. and Munday, Jeremy N.},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/27/24/245705},
eprint = {1601.02503},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Garrett, Munday - 2016 - Fast, high-resolution surface potential measurements in air with heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13616528},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
keywords = {atomic force microscopy,grapheme,nanoelectronics,nanometrology,semiconductors,surface characterization},
number = {24},
pages = {14},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Fast, high-resolution surface potential measurements in air with heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy}},
volume = {27},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Yuan2021,
abstract = {Cesium-based inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially for the CsPbI2Br-based solar cells, have attained extensive attention due to its excellent thermal and phase stability. Solution-prepared CsPbI2Br films usually have some defects which demand to be passivated for PSCs and also their degradations often happen at the grain boundaries (GBs). Herein, by using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) solution, we optimize the perovskite film growth and further investigate the effect of PMMA treatment on the properties of the CsPbI2Br films. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) displays that the PMMA coating can improve the photoluminescence lifetime of CsPbI2Br perovskite films. Therefore, it is proved that PMMA coating film can effectively passivate the defects of the pure CsPbI2Br films, suppress the charge recombination with increased electron extraction efficiency, which improves the performance of solar cells. Consequently, the devices based on CsPbI2Br films with PMMA solution treatment exhibit average power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 11.18{\%}, which is much higher than the efficiency of 9.69{\%} for pure CsPbI2Br-based solar cells.},
annote = {PMMA is a good passivation --{\textgreater} increased carrier lifetime},
author = {Yuan, Beilei and Li, Chen and Yi, Wencai and Juan, Fangying and Yu, Huanqin and Xu, Fan and Li, Cuncheng and Cao, Bingqiang},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpcs.2021.110000},
issn = {00223697},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Solids},
month = {jun},
pages = {110000},
title = {{PMMA passivated CsPbI2Br perovskite film for highly efficient and stable solar cells}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022369721000664},
volume = {153},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Gudovskikh2007,
abstract = {An original method of characterization of interface properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells is proposed. This is based on the measurement of the capacitance under AM1.5 illumination at forward bias close to the open-circuit voltage. The capacitance is very sensitive to the quality of both the front heterojunction and the back contact. The authors show that the comparison of the low-frequency capacitance with the open-circuit voltage can be used to deduce both the back surface recombination velocity of minority carriers and the front interface defect density. The technique can be applied to other types of solar cells.},
author = {Gudovskikh, A. S. and Kleider, J. P.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2431783},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/[4]{\_}034104{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {jan},
number = {3},
pages = {3--5},
title = {{Capacitance spectroscopy of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells at forward bias and under illumination}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/90/3/034104/853834/Capacitance-spectroscopy-of-amorphous-crystalline},
volume = {90},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Senokos2016,
abstract = {Large planar EDLC of strong CNT fibres and ionic liquids with high power and energy densities, exhibiting CNT quantum capacitance.},
author = {Senokos, E. and Reguero, V. and Palma, J. and Vilatela, J. J. and Marcilla, Rebeca},
doi = {10.1039/C5NR07697H},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/c5nr07697h.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2040-3364},
journal = {Nanoscale},
number = {6},
pages = {3620--3628},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Macroscopic fibres of CNTs as electrodes for multifunctional electric double layer capacitors: from quantum capacitance to device performance}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C5NR07697H},
volume = {8},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Lowell1980,
abstract = {If two materials are brought into contact and then separated they are found to be charged; this is the phenomenon of ‘contact electrification'. The subject falls naturally into three divisions—electrification of metals by metals; of insulators by metals; and of insulators by insulators. The first of these is well understood; charge transfer between metals is such as to bring the two Fermi levels into coincidence. The second division, electrification of insulators by metals, has been much studied recently and takes up the main part of our review; our understanding remains imperfect, chiefly because of lack of knowledge about the relevant electron states in insulators. Electrification of insulators by insulators has not been studied so extensively, but there is evidence that an understanding of the metal/insulator case will lead to an understanding of the insulator/insulator case as well. {\textcopyright} Taylor {\&} Francis Group, LLC.},
author = {Lowell, J. and Rose-Innes, A.C.},
doi = {10.1080/00018738000101466},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Contact electrification.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0001-8732},
journal = {Adv. Phys.},
month = {dec},
number = {6},
pages = {947--1023},
title = {{Contact electrification}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00018738000101466},
volume = {29},
year = {1980}
}
@misc{Bowden2021,
author = {Bowden, Stuart},
doi = {https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/collection-probability},
title = {{Collection Probability (https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation /collection-probability; Abgeufen am 19.03.2021)}},
url = {https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/collection-probability},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Hansma1994,
annote = {[21]},
author = {Hansma, P. K. and Cleveland, J. P. and Radmacher, M. and Walters, D. A. and Hillner, P. E. and Bezanilla, M. and Fritz, M. and Vie, D. and Hansma, H. G. and Prater, C. B. and Massie, J. and Fukunaga, L. and Gurley, J. and Elings, V.},
doi = {10.1063/1.111795},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {13},
pages = {1738--1740},
title = {{Tapping mode atomic force microscopy in liquids}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.111795},
volume = {64},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Matey1985,
abstract = {Scanning capacitance microscopy is a new mechanically scanned microscopy. In its present configuration, the microscope has a demonstrated capability of detecting variations in surface topography of the order of 0.3 nm over areas of the order of 0.5 $\mu$m2. This great sensitivity to height changes is achieved by the placement of a capacitance probe some 20 nm above the sample surface. This paper describes the construction of the microscope and discusses its use in relating surface roughness of plastic parts to mold finish and material property variations.},
annote = {original paper SCM historical

microscope AFM basic

contact mode SCM with diamont tip},
author = {Matey, J. R. and Blanc, J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.334506},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.334506.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {mar},
number = {5},
pages = {1437--1444},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.334506},
volume = {57},
year = {1985}
}
@article{Bergmann2014a,
abstract = {Perovskite-sensitized solar cells have reached power conversion efficiencies comparable to commercially available solar cells used for example in solar farms. In contrast to silicon solar cells, perovskite-sensitized solar cells can be made by solution processes from inexpensive materials. The power conversion efficiency of these cells depends substantially on the charge transfer at interfaces. Here we use Kelvin probe force microscopy to study the real-space cross-sectional distribution of the internal potential within high efficiency mesoscopic methylammonium lead tri-iodide solar cells. We show that the electric field is homogeneous through these devices, similar to that of a p-i-n type junction. On illumination under short-circuit conditions, holes accumulate in front of the hole-transport layer as a consequence of unbalanced charge transport in the device. After light illumination, we find that trapped charges remain inside the active device layers. Removing these traps and the unbalanced charge injection could enable further improvements in performance of perovskite-sensitized solar cells.},
author = {Bergmann, Victor W. and Weber, Stefan A. L. and {Javier Ramos}, F. and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja and Gr{\"{a}}tzel, Michael and Li, Dan and Domanski, Anna L. and Lieberwirth, Ingo and Ahmad, Shahzada and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms6001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/2190-4286-10-12.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0000000240840},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
keywords = {10,132,134,2019,beilstein j,energy conversion and storage,in-operando,microscopy,nanotechnol,scanning force microscopy,scanning probe},
month = {sep},
number = {1},
pages = {5001},
pmid = {25242041},
title = {{Real-space observation of unbalanced charge distribution inside a perovskite-sensitized solar cell}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms6001},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Nazir2023a,
abstract = {This study focuses on the synthesis of silver/copper bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag/Cu BMNPs) using Seidlitzia stocksii stem aqueous extract. The synthesized product was characterized by powder X-rays diffraction techniques (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bimetallic nature of the particles was confirmed by XRD whereas the elemental composition was verified by EDX analysis. FTIR and SEM were used to determine the presence of different functionalities and morphology of the prepared BMNPs respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was analyzed using solar light. Nearly 44 {\%} degradation was observed for 70 min of irradiation with excellent rate constant. Results revealed that the synthesized material is a potential candidate in the field of photocatalysis. Moreover, this may be contributed to presence of BMNPs. It may be concluded that the prepared material could be applied as cost effective and ecofriendly catalyst for the degradation of toxic pollutants from industrial effluents.},
annote = {[1 - 9] from {\{}Elayarani2024{\}}},
author = {Nazir, Arif and Ali, Mahmood and Alwadai, Norah and Iqbal, Munawar and {Al Huwayz}, Maryam and Kausar, Abida and Arif, Hamza and Ali, Abid and Ashraf, Ahmad Raza},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2022-0095},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {923--936},
title = {{Ecofriendly green synthesis of Ag@Cu bimetallic nanoparticles using Seidlitzia stocksii stem extract: photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2022-0095/html},
volume = {237},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Chen2021,
abstract = {The buried interfaces of perovskite solar cells are difficult to alter after synthesis. During manufacture, Chen et al . removed perovskite films with dimethyl sulfoxide solvent from the hole-transfer layer and observed a substantial void fraction that degraded film performance. Replacing most of the dimethyl sulfoxide with carbohydrazide, a lead-coordinating compound with a much higher boiling point, eliminated voids. Such solar cells maintained high power conversion efficiency after 550 hours of operation at 60°C. —PDS},
author = {Chen, Shangshang and Dai, Xuezeng and Xu, Shuang and Jiao, Haoyang and Zhao, Liang and Huang, Jinsong},
doi = {10.1126/science.abi6323},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}Interfaces{\_}science.abi6323.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science (80-. ).},
month = {aug},
number = {6557},
pages = {902--907},
pmid = {34413234},
title = {{Stabilizing perovskite-substrate interfaces for high-performance perovskite modules}},
url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi6323},
volume = {373},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Goodenough2013,
author = {Goodenough, John B. and Park, Kyu-Sung},
doi = {10.1021/ja3091438},
issn = {0002-7863},
journal = {J. Am. Chem. Soc.},
month = {jan},
number = {4},
pages = {1167--1176},
title = {{The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja3091438},
volume = {135},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Guo2021,
abstract = {A large-grained perovskite induced by MACl with effectively passivated deep-level traps at grain boundaries is systematically studied via transient dynamics measurements.},
author = {Guo, Yanru and Yuan, Shuai and Zhu, Dongping and Yu, Man and Wang, Hao-Yi and Lin, Jun and Wang, Yi and Qin, Yujun and Zhang, Jian-Ping and Ai, Xi-Cheng},
doi = {10.1039/D0CP06575G},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Guo et al. - 2021 - Influence of the MACl additive on grain boundaries, trap-state properties, and charge dynamics in perovskite solar c.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1463-9076},
journal = {Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.},
number = {10},
pages = {6162--6170},
pmid = {33687033},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Influence of the MACl additive on grain boundaries, trap-state properties, and charge dynamics in perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D0CP06575G},
volume = {23},
year = {2021}
}
@inproceedings{Mayo2009,
annote = {IC-SCM

Wandartefakte --{\textgreater} H{\"{o}}henartefakte},
author = {Mayo, S. and Kopanski, J. J. and Guthrie, W. F.},
booktitle = {1998 Int. Conf. Charact. Metrol. ULSI Technol.},
doi = {10.1063/1.56912},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mayo, Kopanski, Guthrie - 2009 - Intermittent-contact scanning capacitance microscopy imaging and modeling for overlay metrology.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1-56396-753-7},
number = {March},
pages = {567--572},
publisher = {ASCE},
title = {{Intermittent-contact scanning capacitance microscopy imaging and modeling for overlay metrology}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.56912},
volume = {567},
year = {1998}
}
@article{SaintJean1999,
abstract = {In this article we show that in the atomic force microscopy experiments performed on a metallic surface, there is always a long range electrostatic force in addition to the van der Waals forces. This capacitive force is due to the contact potential between the tip and the surface and exists even without external applied potential. We have calculated this capacitive force for a real geometry of the tip-sample system and compared it to the van der Waals force calculated for the same geometry. We conclude that the electrostatic force is always dominant for a tip-surface distance larger than half of the tip radius of curvature. {\textcopyright} 1999 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {{Saint Jean}, M. and Hudlet, S. and Guthmann, C. and Berger, J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.371506},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Model{\_}Tip{\_}sample{\_}cap{\_}1.371506.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {nov},
number = {9},
pages = {5245--5248},
title = {{Van der Waals and capacitive forces in atomic force microscopies}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.371506 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2729453M/The{\_}electronic{\_}structure{\_}and{\_}chemistry{\_}of{\_}solids https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article/86/9/5245-5248/289702},
volume = {86},
year = {1999}
}
@book{Abou-Ras2016,
abstract = {The book focuses on advanced characterization methods for thin-film solar cells that have proven their relevance both for academic and corporate photovoltaic research and development. After an introduction to thin-film photovoltaics, highly experienced experts report on device and materials characterization methods such as electroluminescence analysis, capacitance spectroscopy, and various microscopy methods. In the final part of the book simulation techniques are presented which are used for ab-initio calculations of relevant semiconductors and for device simulations in 1D, 2D and 3D. Building on a proven concept, this new edition also covers thermography, transient optoelectronic methods, and absorption and photocurrent spectroscopy.},
address = {Weinheim, Germany},
annote = {Buch {\"{u}}ber AFM/KPFM/SCM

Kapitel 13!},
author = {Abou-Ras, Daniel and Kirchartz, Thomas and Rau, Uwe},
booktitle = {Adv. Charact. Tech. Thin Film Sol. Cells Second Ed.},
doi = {10.1002/9783527699025},
editor = {Abou-Ras, Daniel and Kirchartz, Thomas and Rau, Uwe},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Abou-Ras, Kirchartz, Rau - 2016 - Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783527699025},
month = {sep},
pages = {1--681},
publisher = {Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH {\&} Co. KGaA},
title = {{Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9783527699025},
volume = {1-2},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Axt2018a,
abstract = {In this study we investigate the influence of the operation method in Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) on the measured potential distribution. KPFM is widely used to map the nanoscale potential distribution in operating devices, e.g., in thin film transistors or on cross sections of functional solar cells. Quantitative surface potential measurements are crucial for understanding the operation principles of functional nanostructures in these electronic devices. Nevertheless, KPFM is prone to certain imaging artifacts, such as crosstalk from topography or stray electric fields. Here, we compare different amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) KPFM methods on a reference structure consisting of an interdigitated electrode array. This structure mimics the sample geometry in device measurements, e.g., on thin film transistors or on solar cell cross sections. In particular, we investigate how quantitative different KPFM methods can measure a predefined externally applied voltage difference between the electrodes. We found that generally, FM-KPFM methods provide more quantitative results that are less affected by the presence of stray electric fields compared to AM-KPFM methods.},
author = {Axt, Amelie and Hermes, Ilka M. and Bergmann, Victor W. and Tausendpfund, Niklas and Weber, Stefan A L},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.9.172},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Axt et al. - 2018 - Know your full potential Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2190-4286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {AM lift mode,AM offresonance,AM second eigenmode,AM-KPFM,Cross section,Crosstalk,FM-KPFM,Field effect transistor,Frequency modulation heterodyne,Frequency modulation sideband,Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy,Solar cells},
month = {jun},
number = {1},
pages = {1809--1819},
title = {{Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices}},
url = {https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/9/172},
volume = {9},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Wu2018,
abstract = {Various kinds of semiconductor materials, organic and inorganic, served effectively as electrons or holes transport materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, their direct function has rarely been reported other than examining their effect in the final photovoltaic devices. In this work, a general and facile method was employed to determine to a point the type of carriers transferred by both SnO2 and NiO popular charge transport materials in PSCs via scanning Kelvin probes microscopy. The sign of the increment of the surface potential voltage measured tells directly whether electrons or holes were extracted by these carrier transport materials while its mapping can also provide the extraction difference between grain interiors and grain boundaries. Both MAPbI3 and CsFAMA triple cation perovskites were involved in the test with the same conclusion. Along with time-resolved photoluminescence, the extraction rate of each kind of material can be distinguished. This work definitely offers us a general and effective method to distinguish the carrier transport ability of either electrons or holes transport materials with indisputable clarification of carrier types and further to screen out optimal carrier transport materials for perovskite solar cells and more.},
author = {Wu, Yinghui and Chen, Wei and Lin, Yi and Tu, Bao and Lan, Xiaoqi and Wu, Zhenggang and Liu, Ruchuan and Djuri{\v{s}}i{\'{c}}, Aleksandra B. and He, Zhu Bing},
doi = {10.1021/acsaem.8b00687},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/carrier{\_}transport{\_}acsaem.8b00687.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2574-0962},
journal = {ACS Appl. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {NiO,SnO2,carriers transport materials,charge transfer,scanning Kelvin probes microscopy (SKPM)},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {3984--3991},
title = {{General Method To Define the Type of Carrier Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells via Kelvin Probes Microscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.8b00687},
volume = {1},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Mahmoud2020,
abstract = {A comprehensive data set is presented that covers eigenvalues and dynamic stiffness of width-tapered microcantilevers for a wide range of the taper ratio and tip mass ratios. Closed form expressions are presented, which could help designers and researchers in the MEMS field in general, and atomic force microscopy in particular.},
author = {Mahmoud, M.A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2019.102795},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/10.1016{\_}j.micron.2019.102795.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09684328},
journal = {Micron},
keywords = {Calibration,Dynamic stiffness,Higher modes,MEMS,Resonance,Spring constant,Tapered cantilever,Vibration},
month = {feb},
number = {November 2019},
pages = {102795},
pmid = {31816493},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Dynamic spring constants of higher resonance modes of uniform and tapered microcantilevers with tip masses}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2019.102795 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0968432819303282},
volume = {129},
year = {2020}
}
@book{Vilarinho2006,
abstract = {As the characteristic dimensions of electronic devices continue to shrink, the ability to characterize their electronic properties at the nanometer scale has come to be of outstanding importance. In this sense, Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) is becoming an indispensable tool, playing a key role in nanoscience and nanotechnology. SPM is opening new opportunities to measure semiconductor electronic properties with unprecedented spatial resolution. SPM is being successfully applied for nanoscale characterization of ferroelectric thin films. In the area of functional molecular materials it is being used as a probe to contact molecular structures in order to characterize their electrical properties, as a manipulator to assemble nanoparticles and nanotubes into simple devices, and as a tool to pattern molecular nanostructures. This book provides in-depth information on new and emerging applications of SPM to the field of materials science, namely in the areas of characterisation, device application and nanofabrication of functional materials. Starting with the general properties of functional materials the authors present an updated overview of the fundamentals of Scanning Probe Techniques and the application of SPM techniques to the characterization of specified functional materials such as piezoelectric and ferroelectric and to the fabrication of some nano electronic devices. Its uniqueness is in the combination of the fundamental nanoscale research with the progress in fabrication of realistic nanodevices. By bringing together the contribution of leading researchers from the materials science and SPM communities, relevant information is conveyed that allows researchers to learn more about the actual developments in SPM applied to functional materials. This book will contribute to the continuous education and development in the field of nanotechnology.},
address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
annote = {General book chapter about SCM},
author = {{Vilarinho, Paula Maria (University of Aveiro}, Portugal) and {Rosenwaks, Yossi (Tel Aviv University, Ramat - Aviv}, Israel) and {Kingon, Angus (NCSU, Raleigh, NC}, USA)},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/2005{\_}Book{\_}ScanningProbeMicroscopyCharact.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1-4020-3019-3},
publisher = {Springer Science {\&} Business Media},
title = {{Scanning Probe Microscopy: Characterization, Nanofabrication and Device Application of Functional Materials}},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Kallis2008,
author = {Kallis, Giorgos},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.environ.33.081307.123117},
issn = {1543-5938},
journal = {Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {85--118},
title = {{Droughts}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.environ.33.081307.123117},
volume = {33},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Regalado-Perez2021,
abstract = {In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the vertical inhomogeneities which include uneven grains, voids, and grain boundaries are closely linked to the underlying charge transport layer which controls the nucleation and grain growth in the perovskite film. Herein, the vertical inhomogeneity of perovskite films in the device structure is analyzed by depth-dependent photoluminescence (PL) achieved with different excitation wavelengths. An analytical representation between vertical inhomogeneity and depth-dependent PL, parametrized with a factor, b, is introduced to understand the relation between inhomogeneity and charge recombination. Lower values of b correlate to lower vertical inhomogeneity and hence reduced recombination. The analytical representation is validated in two sets of devices that show remarkable differences in perovskite film morphology, device based on mesoporous TiO2 and planar SnO2. By exploring the morphological properties and the PL emission from different depths across the device structures, we show that the lower vertical inhomogeneity leads to more efficient charge carrier extraction in planar SnO2-based devices. Moreover, the SnO2-based devices exhibit lower Urbach energy, which concurs with the slow transient photovoltage decay, suggesting less defects and recombination losses. This work provides a broader understanding of the impact of vertical inhomogeneity on the charge extraction efficiency and presents a methodology to study quantitatively the inhomogeneity of perovskite films in device structures.},
author = {Regalado-P{\'{e}}rez, E. and D{\'{i}}az-Cruz, Evelyn B. and Landa-Bautista, J. and Mathews, N. R. and Mathew, X.},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c20826},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Regalado-P{\'{e}}rez et al. - 2021 - Impact of Vertical Inhomogeneity on the Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells A Study by Depth-Depe.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {charge extraction efficiency,depth-dependence photoluminescence,electron transport layers,organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites,vertical inhomogeneity},
month = {mar},
number = {10},
pages = {11833--11844},
pmid = {33651611},
title = {{Impact of Vertical Inhomogeneity on the Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Study by Depth-Dependent Photoluminescence}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.0c20826},
volume = {13},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Brezna2003,
author = {Brezna, W. and Schramboeck, M. and Lugstein, A. and Harasek, S. and Enichlmair, H. and Bertagnolli, E. and Gornik, E. and Smoliner, J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1628402},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Quantitative {\_}SCM{\_}4253{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {nov},
number = {20},
pages = {4253--4255},
title = {{Quantitative scanning capacitance spectroscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1628402},
volume = {83},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Yang2017,
author = {Yang, Jinli and Kelly, Timothy L.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01307},
issn = {0020-1669},
journal = {Inorg. Chem.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {92--101},
title = {{Decomposition and Cell Failure Mechanisms in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01307},
volume = {56},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Kim2023,
abstract = {In this study, we propose a self-sensitivity amplifiable pH-sensor platform based on a dual-gate (DG) structure ion-sensitive-field-effect-transistor (ISFET) by applying a high- k engineered dielectric layer. We implement amplification according to the capacitance ratio of top and bottom gate dielectric layers through the capacitive coupling effect of DG structure, which exceeds the Nernst limit of the existing ISFET, and maximizes device sensitivity by extracting the change in current based on a reference voltage. In repeated and continuous pH sensitivity measurements and reliability evaluations under external noise conditions, the proposed sensor platform demonstrated excellent linearity and stability. Because the proposed sensor platform significantly exceeds the Nernst limit and has excellent reliability, it is expected to be a promising technology for use as a biosensor platform for detecting analytes with micro potentials.},
author = {Kim, Yeong-Ung and Cho, Won-Ju},
doi = {10.35848/1347-4065/acb0d9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Kim{\_}2023{\_}Jpn.{\_}J.{\_}Appl.{\_}Phys.{\_}62{\_}SC1056.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-4922},
journal = {Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
keywords = {ISFET technology,metal oxide semiconductors,microelectronics and semiconductor engineering,pH sensor,semiconductor fabrication,sensor technology},
month = {apr},
number = {SC},
pages = {SC1056},
title = {{Self-sensitivity amplifiable dual-gate ion-sensitive field-effect transistor based on a high-k engineered dielectric layer}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.35848/1347-4065/acb0d9},
volume = {62},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Li2018,
abstract = {Methylammonium iodide (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI2) have been extensively employed as precursors for solution-processed MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the MAPbI3 perovskite films directly deposited from the precursor solutions, usually suffer from poor surface coverage due to uncontrolled nucleation and crystal growth of the perovskite during the film formation, resulting in low photovoltaic conversion efficiency and poor reproducibility. Herein, propylammonium iodide and PbI2 are employed as precursors for solution deposition of propylammonium lead iodide (PAPbI3) perovskite film. It is found that the precursors have good film formability, enabling the deposition of a large-area and homogeneous PAPbI3 perovskite film by a scalable dip-coating technique. The dip-coated PAPbI3 film is then subjected to an organic-cation displacement reaction, resulting in MAPbI3 film with high surface coverage and crystallinity. With the MAPbI3 film as the light absorber, planar PSCs are fabricated, and stabilized power conversion efficiencies of 19.27{\%} and 15.68{\%} can be achieved for the devices with active areas of 0.09 and 5.02 cm2, respectively. The technology reported here provides a robust and efficient approach to fabricate large-area and high-efficiency perovskite cells for practical application.},
annote = {Achtung China!

Eventuell uninteressant, weil MAI Atmoph{\"{a}}re},
author = {Li, Fengzhu and Zhang, Yu and Jiang, Ke Jian and Zhang, Chaoshen and Huang, Jin Hua and Wang, Huijia and Fan, Haochen and Wang, Pengcheng and Chen, Yongjie and Zhao, Wenchao and Li, Xiangjun and Yang, Lian Ming and Song, Yan Lin and Li, Yongfang},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201804454},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Li et al. - 2018 - A Novel Strategy for Scalable High-Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with New Precursors and Cation Displaceme.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15214095},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {cation displacement,dip coating,perovskite solar cells,precursors},
number = {44},
pages = {1--7},
title = {{A Novel Strategy for Scalable High-Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with New Precursors and Cation Displacement Approach}},
volume = {30},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Leblebici2016,
abstract = {Photovoltaic devices based on hybrid perovskite materials have exceeded 22{\%} efficiency due to high charge-carrier mobilities and lifetimes. Properties such as photocurrent generation and open-circuit voltage are influenced by the microscopic structure and orientation of the perovskite crystals, but are difficult to quantify on the intra-grain length scale and are often treated as homogeneous within the active layer. Here, we map the local short-circuit photocurrent, open-circuit photovoltage, and dark drift current in state-of-the-art methylammonium lead iodide solar cells using photoconductive atomic force microscopy. We find, within individual grains, spatially correlated heterogeneity in short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage up to 0.6 V. These variations are related to different crystal facets and have a direct impact on the macroscopic power conversion efficiency. We attribute this heterogeneity to a facet-dependent density of trap states. These results imply that controlling crystal grain and facet orientation will enable a systematic optimization of polycrystalline and single-crystal devices for photovoltaic and lighting applications.},
author = {Leblebici, Sibel Y. and Leppert, Linn and Li, Yanbo and Reyes-Lillo, Sebastian E. and Wickenburg, Sebastian and Wong, Ed and Lee, Jiye and Melli, Mauro and Ziegler, Dominik and Angell, Daniel K. and Ogletree, D. Frank and Ashby, Paul D. and Toma, Francesca M. and Neaton, Jeffrey B. and Sharp, Ian D. and Weber-Bargioni, Alexander},
doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2016.93},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/facet{\_}dependend{\_}CPD{\_}nenergy201693.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2058-7546},
journal = {Nat. Energy},
month = {jul},
number = {8},
pages = {16093},
title = {{Facet-dependent photovoltaic efficiency variations in single grains of hybrid halide perovskite}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nenergy201693},
volume = {1},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Xiao2020,
abstract = {Dopants, which are often indispensable in the organic hole-transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), are used to enhance HTL conductivity and tune the energy level of HTLs. Here, we show that the lithium (Li) dopant from HTLs can significantly dope the perovskite absorber layer through diffusion. Kelvin probe force microscopy mapping shows that Li diffusion increases the surface potential of the perovskite film. The potential at grain boundaries showed more increase than in grain interiors, indicating inhomogeneous distribution of Li dopant in the perovskite layer, which was further confirmed by lateral elemental mapping using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. For both p-i-n and n-i-p device structures, the diffusion and nonuniform distribution of Li+ ions are shown to influence the carrier-transport properties of perovskites and device characteristics. This work reveals the hidden doping effects of the HTL dopants on perovskite films and their impact on PSC performance. Dopants are often indispensable in the organic hole-transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Lithium (Li) ions, the common dopants used in HTL, are known to enhance the conductivity and tune the energy level of HTL. However, Li+ ions can diffuse from HTL to the perovskite layer, and the corresponding effect had often been overlooked. Here, we report that Li+ ions from HTL can significantly dope the perovskite layer. The accumulation of Li+ ions at the grain boundaries and their impact on perovskite were investigated by multiple characterization techniques. For different device structures, the diffusion and nonuniform distribution of Li+ ions are shown to influence perovskite charge transport and device characteristics. This work reveals the hidden doping effects of the HTL dopants on perovskite films and PSC performance. Property changes of the perovskite layer in an actual device from its pristine state should be considered for future PSC development. Li+ ions from the hole-transport layer (HTL) dope the perovskite absorber layer through diffusion. Kelvin probe force microscopy reveals potential change at perovskite grain boundaries before and after Li+ diffusion. This work reveals the hidden doping effect of Li+ ions from HTL on perovskite films and device characteristics.},
annote = {KPFM Paul Fa{\ss}l (KIT)},
author = {Xiao, Chuanxiao and Zhang, Fei and Li, Zhen and Harvey, Steven P. and Chen, Xihan and Wang, Kang and Jiang, Chun Sheng and Zhu, Kai and Al-Jassim, Mowafak},
doi = {10.1016/j.matt.2019.10.005},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Xiao et al. - 2020 - Inhomogeneous Doping of Perovskite Materials by Dopants from Hole-Transport Layer.pdf:pdf},
issn = {25902385},
journal = {Matter},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,MAP3: Understanding,TOF-SIMS,charge transport,doping,grain boundary,hole-transport layer,lithium diffusion,perovskite solar cells,surface potential},
number = {1},
pages = {261--272},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Inhomogeneous Doping of Perovskite Materials by Dopants from Hole-Transport Layer}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.10.005},
volume = {2},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Edwards1998,
abstract = {Scanning capacitance spectroscopy (SCS), a variant of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM), is presented. By cycling the applied dc bias voltage between the tip and sample on successive scan lines, several points of the high-frequency capacitance-voltage characteristic C(V) of the metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor formed by the tip and oxidized Si surface are sampled throughout an entire image. By numerically integrating dC/dV, spatially resolved C(V) curves are obtained. Physical interpretation of the C(V) curves is simpler than for a dC/dV image as in a single-voltage SCM image, so that the pn junction may be unambiguously localized inside a narrow and well-defined region. We show SCS data of a transistor in which the pn junction is delineated with a spatial resolution of ±30nm. This observation is consistent with the conclusion that SCS can delineate the pn junction to a precision comparable to the Si depletion width, in other words, the actual size of the electrical pn junction. A physical model to explain the observed SCS data near the pn junction is presented. {\textcopyright} 1998 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Edwards, Hal and McGlothlin, Rudye and {San Martin}, Richard and U, Elisa and Gribelyuk, Michael and Mahaffy, Rachel and {Ken Shih}, C. and List, R. Scott and Ukraintsev, Vladimir A.},
doi = {10.1063/1.120849},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}pn{\_}junction{\_}1.120849.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {feb},
number = {6},
pages = {698--700},
title = {{Scanning capacitance spectroscopy: An analytical technique for pn-junction delineation in Si devices}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.120849},
volume = {72},
year = {1998}
}
@phdthesis{Niebling2021,
author = {Niebling, Mara},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Bias{\_}Spectroscopy{\_}KPFM{\_}mnieblin{\_}final.pdf:pdf},
pages = {61},
school = {Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz},
title = {{Bias Spectroscopy Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy}},
type = {Bachelor thesis},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Gwyddion2012,
abstract = {In this article, we review special features of Gwyddion—a modular, multiplatform, open-source software for scanning probe microscopy data processing, which is available at http://gwyddion.net/. We describe its architecture with emphasis on modularity and easy integration of the provided algorithms into other software. Special functionalities, such as data processing from non-rectangular areas, grain and particle analysis, and metrology support are discussed as well. It is shown that on the basis of open-source software development, a fully functional software package can be created that covers the needs of a large part of the scanning probe microscopy user community.},
author = {Ne{\v{c}}as, David and Klapetek, Petr},
doi = {10.2478/s11534-011-0096-2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/10.2478{\_}s11534-011-0096-2.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2391-5471},
journal = {Open Phys.},
keywords = {data processing,scanning probe microscopy},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {181--188},
title = {{Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.2478/s11534-011-0096-2/html},
volume = {10},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Yamamoto1996,
abstract = {The applicability of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCaM) in the characterization of SiO 2 /Si systems was demonstrated. Our SCaM, which is combined with a contact AFM, measures the capacitance derivative against the bias voltage applied to the sample ( d C / d V ). Line-shaped grooves etched into a SiO 2 layer were imaged by SCaM based on the differences in the SiO 2 thickness. AFM images were simultaneously obtained. The acquired SCaM and AFM images showed good agreement. SCaM images of the sample were obtained at different dc bias voltages. The contrasts of the SCaM images varied with the dc bias. The bias dependence of the image contrasts was compared with the d C / d V - V differences between the thick SiO 2 regions and the thin SiO 2 regions and with calculated results. The results of this comparison showed good agreement.},
annote = {MOS system for investigation of SCM measurement

capacite sensor, first derivation of C over dV},
author = {Yamamoto, Takuma and Suzuki, Yoshihiko and {Hiroyuki Sugimura}, Hiroyuki Sugimura and {Nobuyuki Nakagiri}, Nobuyuki Nakagiri},
doi = {10.1143/JJAP.35.3793},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Yamamoto{\_}1996{\_}Jpn.{\_}J.{\_}Appl.{\_}Phys.{\_}35{\_}3793.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-4922},
journal = {Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {jun},
number = {6S},
pages = {3793},
title = {{SiO 2 /Si System Studied by Scanning Capacitance Microscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1143/JJAP.35.3793},
volume = {35},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Bazant2014,
abstract = {Equations, Poisson-nernst-planck},
author = {Bazant, Martin},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bazant - 2014 - Electrostatics Lecture 24 Diffuse Charge in Electrolytes.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Spring},
pages = {1--9},
title = {{Electrostatics Lecture 24 : Diffuse Charge in Electrolytes}},
url = {https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t{\&}rct=j{\&}q={\&}esrc=s{\&}source=web{\&}cd=1{\&}cad=rja{\&}uact=8{\&}ved=0ahUKEwjVgtKZkanJAhVMOiYKHZXiATUQFggeMAA{\&}url=http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemical-engineering/10-626-electrochemical-energy-systems-spring-2014/lecture-note},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Nazir2023,
abstract = {Considering the ecofriendly aspects of green synthesis, copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were produced using leaves extract of Citrullus colocynthis (Desert Gourd) as a reducing agent and CuSO 4 as a Cu precursor. The characterization of synthesized Cu NPs was performed using various techniques including UV-Visible spectroscopy (UVS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The tested NPs (face centered cubic) were determined to possess an average size of 17 ± 4.2 nm with spherical shape which exhibited highest absorption ( $\lambda$ max ) at 560 nm. These NPs were assessed for their potential to function as a photocatalyst in degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light and a significant degradation (65 {\%}) of MB dye was observed within irradiation period of 160 min. The Cu NPs displayed a promising antibacterial activity (ABA) against various bacterial cultures such as P. multocida, Botryococcus subtilis, S. aureus and Escherichia coli . While, appreciable antioxidant potential (AP) of tested nanoparticles was also revealed by various invitro antioxidant assays including total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoids contents (TFC) and diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The fabrication of Cu NPs through green route, the use of C. colocynthis extract is recommended as an effective antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic agent as green route offers various advantages over chemical synthesis.},
annote = {[1 - 9] from {\{}Elayarani2024{\}}},
author = {Nazir, Arif and Alam, Shakeel and Alwadai, Norah and Abbas, Mazhar and Bibi, Ismat and Ali, Abid and Ahmad, Naveed and {Al Huwayz}, Maryam and Iqbal, Munawar},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2023-0331},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
month = {nov},
number = {11},
pages = {1733--1751},
title = {{Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Citrullus colocynthis leaves extract: photocatalytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant studies}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2023-0331/html},
volume = {237},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Xiong2021,
abstract = {Defect passivation is one of the most important strategies to boost both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, nontoxic and sustainable forest-based biomaterial, betulin, is first introduced into perovskites. The experiments and calculations reveal that betulin can effectively passivate the uncoordinated lead ions in perovskites via sharing the lone pair electrons of hydroxyl group, promoting charge transport. As a result, the power conversion efficiencies of the p-i-n planar PSCs remarkably increase from 19.14{\%} to 21.15{\%}, with the improvement of other parameters. The hydrogen bonds of betulin lock methylamine and halogen ions along the grain boundaries and on the film surface and thus suppress ion migration, further stabilizing perovskite crystal structures. These positive effects enable the PSCs to maintain 90{\%} of the initial efficiency after 30 days in ambient air with 60{\%}±5{\%} relative humidity, 75{\%} after 300 h aging at 85 °C, and 55{\%} after 250 h light soaking, respectively. This work opens a new pathway for using nontoxic and low-cost biomaterials from forest to make highly efficient and stable PSCs.},
author = {Xiong, Shaobing and Hao, Tianyu and Sun, Yuyun and Yang, Jianming and Ma, Ruru and Wang, Jiulong and Gong, Shijing and Liu, Xianjie and Ding, Liming and Fahlman, Mats and Bao, Qinye},
doi = {10.1016/j.jechem.2020.06.061},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}10.1016{\_}j.jechem.2020.06.061.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20954956},
journal = {J. Energy Chem.},
keywords = {Defect passivation,Efficiency,Nontoxic biomaterial,Perovskite solar cells},
month = {apr},
pages = {265--271},
publisher = {Science Press},
title = {{Defect passivation by nontoxic biomaterial yields 21{\%} efficiency perovskite solar cells}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.06.061 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2095495620304782},
volume = {55},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Sadewasser2018,
abstract = {Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has been used for the characterization of metals, insulators, and semiconducting materials on the nanometer scale. Especially in semiconductors, the charge dynamics are of high interest. Recently, several techniques for time-resolved measurements with time resolution down to picoseconds have been developed, many times using a modulated excitation signal, e.g., light modulation or bias modulation that induces changes in the charge carrier distribution. For fast modulation frequencies, the KPFM controller measures an average surface potential, which contains information about the involved charge carrier dynamics. Here, we show that such measurements are prone to artifacts due to frequency mixing, by performing numerical dynamics simulations of the cantilever oscillation in KPFM subjected to a bias-modulated signal. For square bias pulses, the resulting time-dependent electrostatic forces are very complex and result in intricate mixing of frequencies that may, in some cases, have a component at the detection frequency, leading to falsified KPFM measurements. Additionally, we performed fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses that match the results of the numerical dynamics simulations. Small differences are observed that can be attributed to transients and higher-order Fourier components, as a consequence of the intricate nature of the cantilever driving forces. These results are corroborated by experimental measurements on a model system. In the experimental case, additional artifacts are observed due to constructive or destructive interference of the bias modulation with the cantilever oscillation. Also, in the case of light modulation, we demonstrate artifacts due to unwanted illumination of the photodetector of the beam deflection detection system. Finally, guidelines for avoiding such artifacts are given.},
annote = {Artefakte TR-Methode},
author = {Sadewasser, Sascha and Nicoara, Nicoleta and Solares, Santiago D.},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.9.119},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sadewasser, Nicoara, Solares - 2018 - Artifacts in time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {21904286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,Time-resolved},
number = {1},
pages = {1272--1281},
title = {{Artifacts in time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy}},
volume = {9},
year = {2018}
}
@article{DePablo2000,
abstract = {Tip-sample interaction in intermittent contact scanning force microscopy, also called tapping mode, is experimentally studied to determine under which conditions tip-sample contact is established. Force vs distance curves are made while the cantilever is oscillating at its resonance frequency. Cantilevers with different force constants driven at different oscillation amplitudes have been used. In addition, samples with different hardness, such as silicon oxide, glass, and highly orientated pyrolytic graphite were taken as sample surface. From the analysis of the data we conclude that by choosing appropriate operating conditions, tip-sample contact can be avoided. This operating regime is of general interest in scanning force microscopy, since it allows imaging of even the softest samples. {\textcopyright} 2000 The American Physical Society.},
author = {de Pablo, P. J. and Colchero, J. and Luna, M. and G{\'{o}}mez-Herrero, J. and Bar{\'{o}}, A. M.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.61.14179},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PhysRevB.61.14179.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {may},
number = {20},
pages = {14179--14183},
title = {{Tip-sample interaction in tapping-mode scanning force microscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.14179},
volume = {61},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Li2016,
abstract = {A novel approach to modulate the nucleation and growth of perovskite crystals by intermixing precursor-capped nanoparticles has been reported. This work proposes a novel approach to modulate the nucleation and growth of perovskite crystals in planar perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x ) solar cells by intermixing precursor-capped inorganic nanoparticles of PbS. A small amount of dispersed PbS nanoparticles which were covered with perovskite precursor molecules of methylammonium iodide (CH 3 NH 3 I, MAI) through the ligand-exchange treatment functioned as effective seed-like nucleation sites to promote the formation of perovskite lattice structures. Through this intermixing-seeded growth technique, substantial morphological improvements, such as increased crystal domains, enhanced coverage, and uniformity, were realized in the perovskite thin films, and the corresponding solar cell devices exhibited a promising power conversion efficiency of 17.4{\%}, showing an enhancement of approximately 25{\%} compared to that of the controlled pristine solar cell device. The substantially enhanced crystal orientation, particularly along the direction perpendicular to the substrate, was evident from the synchrotron-based grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering data. This observation was consistent with the enhanced carrier diffusion lengths and excellent reproducibility of high fill factors of the planar heterojunction perovskite devices fabricated through the proposed technique. },
annote = {Additive},
author = {Li, Shao Sian and Chang, Chi Huang and Wang, Ying Chiao and Lin, Chung Wei and Wang, Di Yan and Lin, Jou Chun and Chen, Chia Chun and Sheu, Hwo Shuenn and Chia, Hao Chung and Wu, Wei Ru and Jeng, U. Ser and Liang, Chi Te and Sankar, Raman and Chou, Fang Cheng and Chen, Chun Wei},
doi = {10.1039/c5ee03229f},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Li et al. - 2016 - Intermixing-seeded growth for high-performance planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells assisted by precursor-cap.pdf:pdf},
issn = {17545706},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {4},
pages = {1282--1289},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Intermixing-seeded growth for high-performance planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells assisted by precursor-capped nanoparticles}},
volume = {9},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Tremel2001,
abstract = {Festk{\"{o}}rperphysik ist viel zu spannend, um sie allein den Physi- kern zu {\"{u}}berlassen. Vor der Untersuchung der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Festk{\"{o}}rpern steht n{\"{a}}mlich deren Synthese, und dies ist das Gesch{\"{a}}ft des Chemikers. Leider h{\"{o}}rt das Inte- resse (und meist auch das Verst{\"{a}}ndnis) vieler Chemiker f{\"{u}}r die Eigenschaften einer Substanz etwa da auf, wo es f{\"{u}}r den Physiker interessant wird. Ein wesentlicher Grund daf{\"{u}}r ist, dass der Chemiker Grundbegriffe der Festk{\"{o}}rperphysik nicht kennt oder bestenfalls eine vage Vorstellung von ihnen hat. Dieses Defizit k{\"{o}}nnte zwar durch die Lekt{\"{u}}re eines Festk{\"{o}}rperphysik- Lehrbuchs behoben werden, doch ist die abstrakte mathema- tische Ausdrucksweise der Physiker f{\"{u}}r Chemiker schwer ver- daulich. Der vorliegende Artikel will Sprachbarrieren abbauen und einige Punkte an der Nahtstelle zwischen Festk{\"{o}}rperche- mie und -physik etwas n{\"{a}}her beleuchten.},
author = {Tremel, Wolfgang and Seshadri, Ram and Finckh, E.Wolfgang},
doi = {10.1002/1521-3781(200101)35:1<42::AID-CIUZ42>3.0.CO;2-H},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Chemie in nserer Zeit - 2001 - Tremel - Metall oder Nichtmetall  Das ist hier die Frage   Festk rperphysik f r Chemiker.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00092851},
journal = {Chemie unserer Zeit},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {42--58},
title = {{Metall oder Nichtmetall? Das ist hier die Frage!: Festk{\"{o}}rperphysik f{\"{u}}r Chemiker}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1521-3781(200101)35:1{\%}3C42::AID-CIUZ42{\%}3E3.0.CO;2-H},
volume = {35},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Choi2020,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as potential candidates for next-generation energy harvesting due to their advantages. A classic PSC has two charge transport layers (CTLs) above and below a perovskite layer, and these CTLs largely influence charge extraction and transport. Thus, an interface inevitably forms between the CTL and perovskite layer, and if the CTL and perovskite do not form a compact contact, these interfaces can become a nonradiative recombination center, which can degrade device efficiency and stability. Accordingly, interface engineering is considered an effective way to alleviate this issue. Herein, an overview of interface engineering methods on PSCs is provided, particularly with regard to types of self-assembled monolayers and their roles in device energy level alignment and passivation effects.},
author = {Choi, Kyoungwon and Choi, Hyuntae and Min, Jihyun and Kim, Taewan and Kim, Dohyun and Son, Sung Yun and Kim, Guan-Woo and Choi, Jongmin and Park, Taiho},
doi = {10.1002/solr.201900251},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Solar RRL - 2019 - Choi - A Short Review on Interface Engineering of Perovskite Solar Cells  A Self‐Assembled Monolayer and.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2367-198X},
journal = {Sol. RRL},
keywords = {energy-level alignment,interface engineering,perovskite solar cells,self-assembled monolayers,trap passivation},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {1900251},
title = {{A Short Review on Interface Engineering of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Self‐Assembled Monolayer and Its Roles}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/solr.201900251},
volume = {4},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sugawara2012,
abstract = {A surface potential measurement method using amplitude-modulation and heterodyne techniques is proposed. The effect of the stray capacitance between a cantilever and a sample in Kelvin probe force microscopy and the electrostatic force spectroscopy measurements are almost completely removed, because the distance (z) dependence of the modulated electrostatic force increases from 1/z to1/z 2. This method improves the sensitivity of short range forces and reduces the surface potential measurement crosstalk that is induced by topographic feedback. This method has the advantage of high potential sensitivity due to the high cantilever Q value under vacuum. Quantitative surface potential measurements are demonstrated. {\textcopyright} 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {original inventor of H-KPFM},
author = {Sugawara, Yasuhiro and Kou, Lili and Ma, Zongmin and Kamijo, Takeshi and Naitoh, Yoshitaka and {Jun Li}, Yan},
doi = {10.1063/1.4723697},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4723697.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
number = {22},
pages = {2--5},
title = {{High potential sensitivity in heterodyne amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy}},
volume = {100},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Toth2020SI,
abstract = {Nanoscale investigations by scanning probe microscopy have provided major contributions to the rapid development of organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHP) as optoelectronic devices. Further improvement of device level properties requires a deeper understanding of the performance-limiting mechanisms such as ion migration, phase segregation and their effects on charge extraction both at the nano- and macroscale. Here, we have studied the dynamic electrical response of Cs0.05(FA0.83-MA0.17)0.95PbI3-xBrx perovskite structures by employing conventional and microsecond time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Our results indicate strong negative charge carrier trapping upon illumination and very slow ({\textgreater}1s) relaxation of charges at the grain boundaries. The fast electronic recombination and transport dynamics on the microsecond scale probed by time-resolved KPFM show diffusion of charge carriers towards grain boundaries and indicate locally higher recombination rates due to intrinsic spatial heterogeneity. The nanoscale electrostatic effects revealed are summarized in a collective model for mixed-halide CsFAMA. Results on multilayer solar cell structures draw direct relations between nanoscale ionic transport, electron accumulation, recombination properties and the final device performance. Our findings extend the current understanding of complex charge carrier dynamics in stable multication OIHP structures.},
annote = {Tr-OL-KPFM
Punmp probe KPFM

SI},
author = {Toth, David and Hailegnaw, Bekele and Richheimer, Filipe and Wood, Sebastian and Castro, Fernando A. and Kienberger, Ferry and Scharber, Markus C. and Gramse, Georg},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Toth et al. - 2020 - Nanoscale charge accumulation and its effect on carrier dynamics in tri-cation perovskite structures(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {23318422},
journal = {arXiv},
keywords = {Charge-dynamics,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Nanoscale,Optoelectronics,Perovskite,Photovoltaics,Scanning probe microscopy},
pages = {1--13},
title = {{Nanoscale charge accumulation and its effect on carrier dynamics in tri-cation perovskite structures}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Giridharagopal2019,
abstract = {We study light-induced dynamics in thin films comprising Ruddlesden-Popper phases of the layered 2D perovskite (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 . We probe ionic and electronic carrier dynamics using two complementary scanning probe methods, time-resolved G-mode Kelvin probe force microscopy and fast free time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy, as a function of position, time, and illumination. We show that the average surface photovoltage sign is dominated by the band bending at the buried perovskite-substrate interface. However, the film exhibits substantial variations in the spatial and temporal response of the photovoltage. Under illumination, the photovoltage equilibrates over hundreds of microseconds, a time scale associated with ionic motion and trapped electronic carriers. Surprisingly, we observe that the surface photovoltage of the 2D grain centers evolves more rapidly in time than at the grain boundaries. We propose that the slower evolution at grain boundaries is due to a combination of ion migration occurring between PbI 4 planes, as well as electronic carriers traversing grain boundary traps, thereby changing the time-dependent band unbending at grain boundaries. These results provide a model for the photoinduced dynamics in 2D perovskites and are a useful basis for interpreting photovoltage dynamics on hybrid 2D/3D structures.},
annote = {Ginger, David S. TR-Methoden

Interessant TR (Ion Miration Review)

Feedbackfreie Methoden von sozusagen EFM Methoden

Aber prinzipiell interessant f{\"{u}}r sp{\"{a}}ter
Unterscheide Grain zu Grain-Boundaries
Zusammenhang Band bending

FF-TR-EFM},
author = {Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Precht, Jake T. and Jariwala, Sarthak and Collins, Liam and Jesse, Stephen and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.8b08390},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Giridharagopal et al. - 2019 - Time-Resolved Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy of Layered Perovskites Reveals Spatial Variations in P.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1936086X},
journal = {ACS Nano},
keywords = {G-Mode,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Layered perovskites,Ruddlesden{\^{a}}'Popper,big data microscopy,time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy},
number = {3},
pages = {2812--2821},
pmid = {30726060},
title = {{Time-Resolved Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy of Layered Perovskites Reveals Spatial Variations in Photoinduced Ionic and Electronic Carrier Motion}},
volume = {13},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Cai2018a,
abstract = {Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have emerged as one of the promising photovoltaic candidates to generate renewable energy. However, the large amounts of grain boundaries and trap states that exist in the bulk or interfacial regions of perovskite films limit further enhancement of device efficiency. Herein, an additive engineering strategy is introduced employing trimethylammonium chloride in the methylammonium iodide precursor solution to prepare methylammonium lead iodide perovskite films with reduced grain boundaries and trap densities. This leads to an increased charge carrier diffusion coefficient and diffusion length, as evaluated by impedance and voltage decay measurements, intensity-modulated photovoltage, and photocurrent spectroscopies. The proportion of nonradiative recombination processes is significantly reduced, consequently increasing device efficiency from 19.1{\%} to 20.9{\%} in these perovskite solar cells.},
author = {Cai, Feilong and Yan, Yu and Yao, Jiaxu and Wang, Pang and Wang, Hui and Gurney, Robert S. and Liu, Dan and Wang, Tao},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.201801985},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cai et al. - 2018 - Ionic Additive Engineering Toward High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with Reduced Grain Boundaries and Trap Dens.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1616301X},
journal = {Adv. Funct. Mater.},
keywords = {TACl,additive engineering,grain boundaries,perovskite solar cells,trap density},
month = {aug},
number = {34},
pages = {1801985},
title = {{Ionic Additive Engineering Toward High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with Reduced Grain Boundaries and Trap Density}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201801985},
volume = {28},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Kusuma2018,
abstract = {Third generation quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSC) presents as one of the most promising, cost-effective and an alternative to traditional silicon cells due to its distinguished features. The overall cell efficiency still remains as low as 13{\%} for QDSSC. The factors responsible for the low efficiency needs mere knowledge on the physics of devices and materials and its influence on its performance. In this view, the present paper discusses on the different electrical measurement techniques like current–voltage studies, photon conversion efficiency, impedance studies, capacitance measurements, lifetime measurements, imaging and Hall Effect techniques that helps in identifying the underlying problems and optimizing the processes and parameters towards better performance of the device. Also, the article opens up the scope to extend some techniques to QDSSC, which otherwise are being presently used only for existing reality of solar cells. These measurement techniques highlights as efficient performance indicators in yielding results for consistent device performance and also in improvising the device performance with greater reproducibility.},
annote = {nice for connecting with solar cells / PSCs in PhD thesis},
author = {Kusuma, J. and {Geetha Balakrishna}, R.},
doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.037},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0038092X17310204-main.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/review{\_}cap{\_}semiconductor{\_}solar{\_}cells{\_}1-s2.0-S0038092X17310204-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0038092X},
journal = {Sol. Energy},
keywords = {Capacitance,Hall voltage,Imaging,Quantum dot solar cells,Resistivity},
month = {jan},
number = {February 2017},
pages = {682--696},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{A review on electrical characterization techniques performed to study the device performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.037 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X17310204},
volume = {159},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Klasen2019,
abstract = {We report that UV-ozone treatment of TiO2 anatase thin films is an efficient method to increase the conductance through the film by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The increase in conductance is quantified via conductive scanning force microscopy on freshly annealed and UV-ozone-treated TiO2 anatase thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates. The increased conductance of TiO2 anatase thin films results in a 2{\%} increase of the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of methylammonium lead iodide-based perovskite solar cells. PCE values up to 19.5{\%} for mesoporous solar cells are realized. The additional UV-ozone treatment results in a reduced number of oxygen vacancies at the surface, inferred from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These oxygen vacancies at the surface act as charge carrier traps and hinder charge extraction from the adjacent material. Terahertz measurements indicate only minor changes of the bulk conductance, which underlines the importance of UV-ozone treatment to control surface-based defects.},
author = {Klasen, Alexander and Baumli, Philipp and Sheng, Qu and Johannes, Ewald and Bretschneider, Simon A. and Hermes, Ilka M. and Bergmann, Victor W. and Gort, Christopher and Axt, Amelie and Weber, Stefan A. L. and Kim, Heejae and Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen and Tremel, Wolfgang and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02371},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/alex{\_}acs.jpcc.9b02371.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {jun},
number = {22},
pages = {13458--13466},
title = {{Removal of Surface Oxygen Vacancies Increases Conductance Through TiO 2 Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02371},
volume = {123},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Riedel2009,
abstract = {We present a method to determine the local dielectric permittivity of thin insulating layers. The measurement is based on the detection of force gradients in electric force microscopy by means of a double pass method. The proposed experimental protocol is simple to implement and does not need any modification of standard commercial devices. Numerical simulations based on the equivalent charge method make it possible to carry out quantification whatever the thickness of film, the radius of the tip, and the tip-sample distance. This method has been validated on a thin SiO2 sample for which the dielectric permittivity at the nanoscale has been characterized in the literature. We also show how we can quantitatively measure the local dielectric permittivity for ultrathin polymer film of poly(vinyl acetate) and polystyrene.},
annote = {From Duplicate 1 (Determination of the nanoscale dielectric constant by means of a double pass method using electrostatic force microscopy - Riedel, C.; Arinero, R.; Tordjeman, Ph; Ramonda, M.; L{\'{e}}v{\^{e}}que, G.; Schwartz, G. A.; Oteyza, D. G. de; Alegria, A.; Colmenero, J.)

EFM Method to detect dielectric constant

read for equivalent charge method understanding},
author = {Riedel, C. and Arinero, R. and Tordjeman, Ph and Ramonda, M. and L{\'{e}}v{\^{e}}que, G. and Schwartz, G. A. and de Oteyza, D. G. and Alegria, A. and Colmenero, J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.3182726},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.3182726.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Riedel{\_}2009{\_}er{\_}bestimmung{\_}024315{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {jul},
number = {2},
pages = {024315},
title = {{Determination of the nanoscale dielectric constant by means of a double pass method using electrostatic force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3182726 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article/393311 https://pubs.aip.org/jap/article/106/2/024315/393311/Determination-of-the-nanoscale-dielectric-constant},
volume = {106},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Cho2022,
abstract = {Fast diffusion of charge carriers is crucial for efficient charge collection in perovskite solar cells. While lateral transient photoluminescence microscopies have been popularly used to characterize charge diffusion in perovskites, there exists a discrepancy between low diffusion coefficients measured and near-unity charge collection efficiencies achieved in practical solar cells. Here, we reveal hidden microscopic dynamics in halide perovskites through four-dimensional (directions x, y and z and time t) tracking of charge carriers by characterizing out-of-plane diffusion of charge carriers. By combining this approach with confocal microscopy, we discover a strong local heterogeneity of vertical charge diffusivities in a three-dimensional perovskite film, arising from the difference between intragrain and intergrain diffusion. We visualize that most charge carriers are efficiently transported through the direct intragrain pathways or via indirect detours through nearby areas with fast diffusion. The observed anisotropy and heterogeneity of charge carrier diffusion in perovskites rationalize their high performance as shown in real devices. Our work also foresees that further control of polycrystal growth will enable solar cells with micrometres-thick perovskites to achieve both long optical path length and efficient charge collection simultaneously.},
author = {Cho, Changsoon and Feldmann, Sascha and Yeom, Kyung Mun and Jang, Yeoun-Woo and Kahmann, Simon and Huang, Jun-Yu and Yang, Terry Chien‐Jen and Khayyat, Mohammed Nabaz Taher and Wu, Yuh-Renn and Choi, Mansoo and Noh, Jun Hong and Stranks, Samuel D. and Greenham, Neil C.},
doi = {10.1038/s41563-022-01395-y},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/s41563-022-01395-y.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1476-1122},
journal = {Nat. Mater.},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {1388--1395},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Efficient vertical charge transport in polycrystalline halide perovskites revealed by four-dimensional tracking of charge carriers}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-022-01395-y},
volume = {21},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Shao2016a,
abstract = {Grain boundaries have been demonstrated as the dominating ion migration channels in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite films.},
author = {Shao, Yuchuan and Fang, Yanjun and Li, Tao and Wang, Qi and Dong, Qingfeng and Deng, Yehao and Yuan, Yongbo and Wei, Haotong and Wang, Meiyu and Gruverman, Alexei and Shield, Jeffery and Huang, Jinsong},
doi = {10.1039/C6EE00413J},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/GB{\_}Pero{\_}Role{\_}c6ee00413j.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {5},
pages = {1752--1759},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Grain boundary dominated ion migration in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite films}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6EE00413J},
volume = {9},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Daboczi2019,
abstract = {Increasing the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is one of the key strategies for further improvement of the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. It requires fundamental understanding of the complex optoelectronic processes related to charge carrier generation, transport, extraction, and their loss mechanisms inside a device upon illumination. Herein, we report the important origin of Voc losses in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPI)-based solar cells, which results from undesirable positive charge (hole) accumulation at the interface between the perovskite photoactive layer and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole-transport layer. We show strong correlation between the thickness-dependent surface photovoltage and device performance, unraveling that the interfacial charge accumulation leads to charge carrier recombination and results in a large decrease in Voc for the PEDOT:PSS/MAPI inverted devices (180 mV reduction in 50 nm thick device compared to 230 nm thick one). In contrast, accumulated positive charges at the TiO2/MAPI interface modify interfacial energy band bending, which leads to an increase in Voc for the TiO2/MAPI conventional devices (70 mV increase in 50 nm thick device compared to 230 nm thick one). Our results provide an important guideline for better control of interfaces in perovskite solar cells to improve device performance further.},
author = {Daboczi, Matyas and Hamilton, Iain and Xu, Shengda and Luke, Joel and Limbu, Saurav and Lee, Jinho and McLachlan, Martyn A. and Lee, Kwanghee and Durrant, James R. and Baikie, Iain D. and Kim, Ji-Seon},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.9b16394},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}acsami.9b16394.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {open-circuit voltage,perovskite,solar cell,surface photovoltage,voltage loss},
month = {dec},
number = {50},
pages = {46808--46817},
pmid = {31738042},
title = {{Origin of Open-Circuit Voltage Losses in Perovskite Solar Cells Investigated by Surface Photovoltage Measurement}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b16394},
volume = {11},
year = {2019}
}
@inproceedings{Rumble2022_CRC_Inorganic_Solids_er,
author = {Rumble, John R.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/CRC{\_}Inorganic{\_}Solids{\_}permitivity{\_}12{\_}11{\_}0004.pdf:pdf},
pages = {9},
publisher = {CRC Press/Taylor {\&} Francis, Boca Raton, FL.},
title = {{"PERMITTIVITY (DIELECTRIC CONSTANT) OF INORGANIC SOLIDS" in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 102nd Edition (Internet Version 2021)}},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Hong2020,
abstract = {Despite their impressive performance as a solar absorber, much remains unknown on the fundamental properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs). Their polar nature in particular is an intense area of study, and the relative permittivity (ϵr) is a parameter widely used to quantify polarization over a range of different time scales. In this report, we have exploited frequency-dependent time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) to study how ϵr values of a range of MHPs change as a function of time, upon optical illumination. Further characterization of charge carriers and polarizability are conducted by femtosecond transient absorption and stimulated Raman spectroscopy. We find that changes in ϵr are roughly proportional to photogenerated carrier density but decay with a shorter time constant than conductance, suggesting that the presence of charge carriers alone does not determine polarization.},
author = {Hong, Min Ji and Zhu, Liangdong and Chen, Cheng and Tang, Longteng and Lin, Yen-Hung and Li, Wen and Johnson, Rose and Chattopadhyay, Shirsopratim and Snaith, Henry J. and Fang, Chong and Labram, John G.},
doi = {10.1021/jacs.0c07307},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/er{\_}of{\_}perovskite{\_}time{\_}resolved{\_}changesjacs.0c07307.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0002-7863},
journal = {J. Am. Chem. Soc.},
month = {nov},
number = {47},
pages = {19799--19803},
pmid = {33186029},
title = {{Time-Resolved Changes in Dielectric Constant of Metal Halide Perovskites under Illumination}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.0c07307},
volume = {142},
year = {2020}
}
@phdthesis{Klasen2020,
annote = {Dissertation Alexander Klasen},
author = {Klasen, Alexander},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Klasen - 2020 - Synthesis and Analysis of Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
school = {Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz},
title = {{Synthesis and Analysis of Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells}},
type = {PhD thesis},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chen2017,
abstract = {As semiconductor technology keeps scaling down, many advanced technology and process were applied in the semiconductor process. Especially for the application of IOT (internet of thing) technology, the low leakage and low power consumption product was the key component for this kind of application. SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) wafer process is one of the advanced and important branches of the semiconductor manufacturing process. Its intrinsic advantage, low leakage and lower power consuming make it very suitable for personal communication device and IOT which match well with the application requirement. As is well known the SOI wafer is different form the normal bulk silicon wafer. The active sits on the silicon oxide insulator, which makes the final device separate from the substrate. Basically, all of the devices are floating on a nonconductive oxide layer. It comes with many challenges for process and analysis as compared with the conventional bulk silicon process. The most conventional analysis method is not applicable in the SOI device such as the PVC (passive voltage contrast) and current image methodology which are a very powerful and important in the failure analysis. In this paper, scanning capacitance is successfully used as the substitution of the PVC method. The SCM (Scanning Capacitance Microscopy) is a complicated process. Since all of the abnormality or physical change will affect the measured capacitance, then the capacitance signal will theoretically has many information with itself, including open, short and leakage. Through the detailed study, the contact level top-down SCM was successfully applied on the SOI unit. By proper setting of SCM bias condition, it can not only visualize the possible leaky location but also can reveal the possible path. Further nanoprobing and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) have confirmed the SCM analysis.},
author = {Chen, C.Q. and Ang, G.B. and Ng, P.T. and Rivai, Francis and Neo, S.P. and Nagalingam, D. and Yip, K.H. and Lam, Jeffery and Mai, Z.H.},
doi = {10.1016/j.microrel.2017.07.014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Application-of-Scanning-Capacitance-Microscopy-on-SOI-{\_}2017{\_}Microelectronics.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00262714},
journal = {Microelectron. Reliab.},
keywords = {Capacitance,Low yield,Nanoprobing,SCM,SOI},
month = {sep},
pages = {141--144},
title = {{Application of Scanning Capacitance Microscopy on SOI device with wafer edge low yield pattern}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0026271417302986},
volume = {76-77},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Quarti2016,
abstract = { We report optical measurements on MAPbI 3 solar cells, together with ab initio simulations, to investigate the material property changes across the tetragonal to cubic phase transition.  We report temperature resolved UV-vis absorption and spectral photocurrent response measurements of MAPbI 3 thin films and solar cells, together with ab initio simulations, to investigate the changes in material properties occurring across the tetragonal to cubic phase transition. We find that the MAPbI 3 band-gap does not abruptly change when exceeding the tetragonal to cubic transition temperature, but it rather monotonically blue-shifts following the same temperature evolution observed within the tetragonal phase. Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the high temperature phase corresponds on average to the expected symmetric cubic structure assigned from XRD measurements, but that the system strongly deviates from such a structure in the sub-picosecond time scale. Thus, on the time scale of electronic transitions, the material seldom experiences a cubic environment, rather an increasingly distorted tetragonal one. This result explains the absence of dramatic changes in the optical of MAPbI 3 across the explored temperature range of 270–420 K, which could have important consequences for the practical uptake of perovskite solar cells. },
annote = {Allgemeine Informationen zu MAPbI3-Kristallen; {\"{U}}bergangstemperaturen zwischen den Phasen; Bedenken bei Bau der Solarzelle},
author = {Quarti, Claudio and Mosconi, Edoardo and Ball, James M. and D'Innocenzo, Valerio and Tao, Chen and Pathak, Sandeep and Snaith, Henry J. and Petrozza, Annamaria and {De Angelis}, Filippo},
doi = {10.1039/c5ee02925b},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Quarti et al. - 2016 - Structural and optical properties of methylammonium lead iodide across the tetragonal to cubic phase transition I.pdf:pdf},
issn = {17545706},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {1},
pages = {155--163},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Structural and optical properties of methylammonium lead iodide across the tetragonal to cubic phase transition: Implications for perovskite solar cells}},
volume = {9},
year = {2016}
}
@book{li2018capacitance,
abstract = {Capacitance spectroscopy refers to techniques for characterizing the electrical properties of semiconductor materials, junctions, and interfaces, all from the dependence of device capacitance on frequency, time, temperature, and electric potential. This book includes 15 chapters written by world-recognized, leading experts in the field, in academia, national institutions, and industry, subdivided into four sections: Physics, Instrumentation, Applications, and Emerging Techniques. In the Physics section, we establish the fundamental framework relating capacitance and its allied concepts of conductance, admittance, and impedance to the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors. In the Instrumentation section, we review the electronic principles of capacitance measurements used by commercial products, as well as custom apparatus. In the Applications section, we detail the implementation in various scientific fields and industries, such as photovoltaics and electronic and optoelectronic devices. In the Emerging Techniques section, we present the latest advances of capacitance-based electrical characterization aimed at reaching nanometer-scale resolution. This book is the first dedicated treatment of the subject of capacitance spectroscopy of semiconductors. This book caters to an audience with a wide background in materials science, electrical engineering, chemistry, and physics in various care},
annote = {SCM Review},
author = {LI, Jian V. and Ferrari, Giorgio (Hg.)},
booktitle = {CRC Press},
editor = {LI, Jian V. and Ferrari, Giorgio},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/subito-ve21112200208.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {4951176289},
pages = {361 -- 393},
publisher = {CRC Press},
title = {{Capacitance spectroscopy of semiconductors}},
url = {https://www.jennystanford.com/9781315150130/capacitance-spectroscopy-of-semiconductors/},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Schumacher2017,
abstract = {Atomic force microscopy (AFM) routinely achieves structural information in the sub-nm length scale. Measuring time resolved properties on this length scale to understand kinetics at the nm scale remains an elusive goal. We present a general analysis of the lower limit for time resolution in AFM. Our finding suggests that the time resolution in AFM is ultimately limited by the well-known thermal limit of AFM and not as often proposed by the mechanical response time of the force sensing cantilever. We demonstrate a general pump-probe approach using the cantilever as a detector responding to the averaged signal. This method can be applied to any excitation signal such as electrical, thermal, magnetic or optical. Experimental implementation of this method allows us to measure a photocarrier decay time of ∼1 ps in low temperature grown GaAs using a cantilever with a resonant frequency of 280 kHz.},
annote = {time resolution limits (Group Retreat Berlin)},
author = {Schumacher, Zeno and Spielhofer, Andreas and Miyahara, Yoichi and Grutter, Peter},
doi = {10.1063/1.4975629},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4975629.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
number = {5},
title = {{The limit of time resolution in frequency modulation atomic force microscopy by a pump-probe approach}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4975629},
volume = {110},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Hidayat2020,
abstract = {This report shows that, by using simple transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements, we can reveal a significant correlation between the TPV decay characteristics and the performance of these perovskite solar cells. TPV decay seems to be composed of a rising part in a short interval after photoexcitation and a long decaying part that extends up to tens of milliseconds. These decay behaviors look different depending on the mesoscopic structures and the perovskite morphology formed therein, as seen from their Scanning Electron Microcopy images and X-ray diffraction patterns. The decay part can be fitted with a three-exponential decay, which reflects different kinetics of electrons in the perovskite/TiO2 layer. On the other hand, the rising part must be fit by a decay equation derived by employing the convolution theorem, where the rising part can be assigned to the electron transport process inside the perovskite layer and the decaying part can be assigned to electron back-transfer. The characteristics can be then understood by considering the effect of crystal defects and trap states in the perovskite grains and perovskite interface with its transport layer, which is TiO2 in this study. Although the TPV decay occurs in a time range much longer than the primary process of photoexcitation as commonly observed in transient photoluminescence spectroscopy, the processes involved in this TPV strongly correlates with the performance of these perovskite solar cells.},
author = {Hidayat, Rahmat and Nurunnizar, Adhita Asma and Fariz, Alvin and Herman and Rosa, Erlyta Septa and Shobih and Oizumi, Tomohisa and Fujii, Akihiko and Ozaki, Masanori},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-74603-x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hidayat et al. - 2020 - Revealing the charge carrier kinetics in perovskite solar cells affected by mesoscopic structures and defect sta.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0123456789},
issn = {20452322},
journal = {Sci. Rep.},
number = {1},
pages = {1--13},
pmid = {33154419},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
title = {{Revealing the charge carrier kinetics in perovskite solar cells affected by mesoscopic structures and defect states from simple transient photovoltage measurements}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74603-x},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bergmann2014,
abstract = {Perovskite-sensitized solar cells have reached power conversion efficiencies comparable to commercially available solar cells used for example in solar farms. In contrast to silicon solar cells, perovskite-sensitized solar cells can be made by solution processes from inexpensive materials. The power conversion efficiency of these cells depends substantially on the charge transfer at interfaces. Here we use Kelvin probe force microscopy to study the real-space cross-sectional distribution of the internal potential within high efficiency mesoscopic methylammonium lead tri-iodide solar cells. We show that the electric field is homogeneous through these devices, similar to that of a p-i-n type junction. On illumination under short-circuit conditions, holes accumulate in front of the hole-transport layer as a consequence of unbalanced charge transport in the device. After light illumination, we find that trapped charges remain inside the active device layers. Removing these traps and the unbalanced charge injection could enable further improvements in performance of perovskite-sensitized solar cells.},
author = {Bergmann, Victor W. and Weber, Stefan A. L. and {Javier Ramos}, F. and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja and Gr{\"{a}}tzel, Michael and Li, Dan and Domanski, Anna L. and Lieberwirth, Ingo and Ahmad, Shahzada and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms6001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/ncomms6001.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
month = {sep},
number = {1},
pages = {5001},
pmid = {25242041},
title = {{Real-space observation of unbalanced charge distribution inside a perovskite-sensitized solar cell}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms6001},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@incollection{HLLIBRAND1991,
annote = {[2] from {\{}Recart2006{\}}},
author = {HLLIBRAND, J. and GOLD, R. D.},
booktitle = {Semicond. Devices Pioneer. Pap.},
doi = {10.1142/9789814503464_0019},
month = {mar},
pages = {191--198},
publisher = {WORLD SCIENTIFIC},
title = {{DETERMINATION OF THE IMPURITY DISTRIBUTION IN JUNCTION DIODES FROM CAPACITANCE-VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS}},
url = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789814503464{\_}0019},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Kopanski1996,
abstract = {A scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) has been implemented by interfacing a commercial contact‐mode atomic force microscope with a high‐sensitivity capacitance sensor. The SCM has promise as a next‐generation dopant‐profiling technique because the measurement is inherently two dimensional, has a potential spatial resolution limited by tip diameter of at least 20 nm, and requires no current carrying metal–semiconductor contact. Differential capacitance images have been made with the SCM of a variety of bulk‐doped samples and in the vicinity of pn junctions and homojunctions. Also, a computer code has been written that can numerically solve Poisson's equation for a model SCM geometry by using the method of collocation of Gaussian points. Measured data and model output for similar structures are presented. How data and model output can be combined to achieve an experimental determination of dopant profile is discussed.},
annote = {Geschichte SCM

Eine der ersten Ver{\"{o}}ffentlichungen

contact mode SCM with induced modulation of depletion volume to generate a differential capacitance signal by (Kopanski1998)},
author = {Kopanski, J. J.},
doi = {10.1116/1.588455},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kopanski - 1996 - Scanning capacitance microscopy measurements and modeling Progress towards dopant profiling of silicon.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734211X},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {242},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy measurements and modeling: Progress towards dopant profiling of silicon}},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/14/1/10.1116/1.588455},
volume = {14},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Lee2006,
abstract = {We have used direct, low-frequency scanning capacitance microscopy measurements to characterize variations in thin, dielectric films with up to 1 nm thickness and ∼200 nm lateral resolution. This technique may be used on metallic as well as semiconducting substrates because it does not rely upon d C/d V measurements. We also find that the sensitivity of capacitance to film thickness can be enhanced by an aqueous meniscus that typically forms between the atomic force microscope tip and the sample surface. Further, we quantified the nanometre-scale capacitance of the tip-meniscus-sample system that is sensitive to variations in film thickness by making simultaneous capacitance and cantilever deflection measurements. This capacitance is used along with an average film thickness to quantify variations in film thickness. {\textcopyright} 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author = {Lee, D. T. and Pelz, J. P. and Bhushan, Bharat},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/17/5/054},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}Lee{\_}2006{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}17{\_}1484.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {mar},
number = {5},
pages = {1484--1491},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy for thin film measurements}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/17/5/054},
volume = {17},
year = {2006}
}
@book{Eaton2010,
abstract = {Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an amazing technique that allies a versatile methodology (it allows the imaging of samples in liquid, vacuum or air) to imaging with unprecedented resolution. But it goes one step further than conventional microscopic techniques; it also allows us to make measurements of magnetic, electrical or mechanical properties of the widest possible range of samples, with nanometre resolution. This book will demystify AFM for the reader, making it easy to understand, and easy to use. Peter Eaton and Paul West share a common passion for atomic force microscopy. However, they have very different perspectives on the technique. Over the past 12 years Peter used AFMs as the focal point of his research in a variety of scientific projects from materials science to biology. Paul, on the other hand, is an instrument builder and has spent the past 25 years creating these microscopes for scientists and engineers. This insightful book covers the theory, practice and applications of atomic force microscopes and will serve as an introduction to AFM for scientists and engineers that want to learn about this powerful technique, and as a reference book for expert AFM users. Application examples from the physical, materials, and life sciences, nanotechnology and industry illustrate the many and varied capabilities of the technique.},
annote = {Buch AFM 

Artefakte AFM},
author = {Eaton, Peter and West, Paul},
booktitle = {MRS Bull.},
doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570454.001.0001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Eaton, West - 2010 - Atomic Force Microscopy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780199570454},
issn = {0883-7694},
keywords = {AFM,Imaging,Instrumental techniques,Microscopes,SPM,Scanning probe microscopy},
month = {mar},
number = {4},
pages = {379--379},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
title = {{Atomic Force Microscopy}},
url = {https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570454.001.0001/acprof-9780199570454 https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0883769414000724/type/journal{\_}article},
volume = {39},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Zisman1932,
annote = {Kelvin Methode},
author = {Zisman, W. A.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1748947},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {367--370},
title = {{A NEW METHOD OF MEASURING CONTACT POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN METALS}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1748947 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi/article/3/7/367-370/299658},
volume = {3},
year = {1932}
}
@article{Giessibl1999,
abstract = {True atomic resolution of conductors and insulators is now routinely obtained in vacuum by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy. So far, the imaging parameters (i.e., eigenfrequency, stiffness and oscillation amplitude of the cantilever, frequency shift) which result in optimal spatial resolution for a given cantilever and sample have been found empirically. Here, we calculate the optimal set of parameters from first principles as a function of the tip-sample system. The result shows that the either the acquisition rate or the signal-to-noise ratio could be increased by up to two orders of magnitude by using stiffer cantilevers and smaller amplitudes than are in use today.},
author = {Giessibl, Franz J. and Bielefeldt, Hartmut and Hembacher, Stefan and Mannhart, Jochen},
doi = {10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00553-4},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0169433298005534-main (1).pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {07.79 Lh,34.20 Cf,61.16 Ch,87.64 Dz,APN,Atomic force microscopy,Atomic resolution,Dissipation,Dynamic force microscopy,Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy,Thermal noise,Tip-sample interaction},
month = {feb},
number = {3-4},
pages = {352--357},
title = {{Calculation of the optimal imaging parameters for frequency modulation atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433298005534},
volume = {140},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Teranishi2009,
abstract = {Wide band dielectric spectra from the kilohertz to terahertz range were discussed for SrTiO3 (ST) and BaTiO3-based ceramics. The dielectric permittivity of BaTiO3 (BT) is determined by the ionic polarization of the Slater mode as well as the dipole polarization of domain-wall vibrations in micro-sized domains. (Bax,Sr1 - x)TiO3 (BST) shows relatively high dielectric permittivity with a low dielectric loss up to GHz region, while Ba(ZrxTi1 - x)O3 (BZT) shows a high permittivity with dielectric relaxation at MHz range. The dielectric dispersion in the BZT was due to the dipole fluctuation in polar nano-regions (PNR) in relaxors. The change of dielectric spectrum from BT to BZT was interpreted by the change from normal ferroelectrics to relaxors via ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transition (DPT-ferro.). Wide band dielectric spectra were also measured for BT ceramics with different grain and domain sizes to elucidate the size effect observed in BT ceramics. The low-frequency permittivity increased with decreasing grain size when the grain size was above 1 $\mu$m. It was found that the dipole polarization due to the domain-wall motion was enhanced with increasing domain density. We demonstrated wide band dielectric spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate the polarization mechanism of dielectric and ferroelectric materials. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Teranishi, Takashi and Hoshina, Takuya and Tsurumi, Takaaki},
doi = {10.1016/j.mseb.2008.11.039},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0921510708005874-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09215107},
journal = {Mater. Sci. Eng. B},
keywords = {Barium titanate,Dielectric dispersion,Ferroelectric domain,Ferroelectrics,Relaxor,Size effect},
month = {apr},
number = {1-3},
pages = {55--60},
title = {{Wide range dielectric spectroscopy on perovskite dielectrics}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921510708005874},
volume = {161},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Collins2018,
abstract = {Optoelectronic behavior in materials such as organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites depend on a complex interplay between fast (electronic) and slower (ionic) processes. These processes are thought to be influenced by structural inhomogeneities (e.g. interfaces and grain boundaries) bringing forward the necessity for development of techniques capable of correlating nanostructure and photo-transport behavior. While Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is ideally suited to map surface potentials on relevant length scales, it lacks sufficient temporal resolution to extract the meaningful system dynamics. Here, we develop a time resolved surface photovoltage (SPV) measurement based on full information capture of the photodetector stream during open loop KPFM operation. G-Mode, or G-KPFM allows quantification of SPV with microsecond temporal and nanoscale spatial resolution. Using this technique, we observe concurrent spatial and fast temporal variations in the SPV generated across a methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) thin film, a possible indicator relating microstructure with heterogenous photo-transport behavior. We further demonstrate the advantage of adopting big data analytics including unsupervised clustering methods to quickly discern spatial variability in the information rich SPV dataset. Beyond G-KPFM, such clustering methods will be useful for interpretation of the multidimensional datasets arising from the growing number of time resolved KPFM approaches now available.},
annote = {Group retreat help for presentation!!},
author = {Collins, Liam and Ahmadi, Mahshid and Qin, Jiajun and Liu, Yongtao and Ovchinnikova, Olga S. and Hu, Bin and Jesse, Stephen and Kalinin, Sergei V.},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6528/aad873},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Collins et al. - 2018 - Time resolved surface photovoltage measurements using a big data capture approach to KPFM.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,big data,organic inorganic hybrid perovskite,surface photovoltage,time resolved},
month = {nov},
number = {44},
pages = {445703},
pmid = {30084391},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Time resolved surface photovoltage measurements using a big data capture approach to KPFM}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/aad873},
volume = {29},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Alkhalifah2022,
abstract = {Halide perovskites intrinsically contain a large amount of point defects. The interaction of these defects with photocarriers, photons, and lattice distortion remains a complex and unresolved issue. We found that for halide perovskite films with excess halide vacancies, the Fermi level can be shifted by as much as 0.7 eV upon light illumination. These defects can trap photocarriers for hours after the light illumination is turned off. The enormous light-induced Fermi level shift and the prolonged electron trapping are explained by the capturing of photocarriers by halide vacancies at the surface of the perovskite film. The formation of this defect-photocarrier complex can result in lattice deformation and an energy shift in the defect state. The whole process is akin to polaron formation at a defect site. Our data also suggest that these trapped carriers increase the electrical polarizability of the lattice, presumably by enhancing the defect migration rate.},
author = {Alkhalifah, Ghadah and Marshall, Angelo D. and Rudayni, Fatimah and Wanigasekara, Shanika and Wu, Judy Z. and Chan, Wai-Lun},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01940},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.jpclett.2c01940.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {29},
pages = {6711--6720},
pmid = {35849072},
title = {{Defect-Polaron and Enormous Light-Induced Fermi-Level Shift at Halide Perovskite Surface}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01940},
volume = {13},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Xing2018,
abstract = {Self-assembly of peptides and amyloid fibrils offers an appealing approach for creating chiral nanostructures, which has promising applications in the fields of biology and materials science. Although numerous self-assembled chiral materials have been designed, the precise control of their twisting tendency and their handedness is still a challenge. Herein, we report the self-assembly of chiral nanostructures with precisely tailored architectures by changing the amino acid sequences of the peptides. We designed a series of self-assembling tripeptides bearing different l-amino acid sequences. The peptide with l-Phe-l-Phe sequence preferred to self-assemble into left-handed nanohelices, while with l-Phe-l-Trp right-handed nanohelices would be formed. Moreover, the diameter of the self-assembled nanohelices could be tailored by changing the terminal amino acids (His, Arg, Ser, Glu, and Asp). Circular dichroism (CD) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) revealed that both of the right- and left-handed nanohelices formed by the tripeptides showed negative Cotton effects in the peptide adsorption region but exhibited nearly opposite CD Cotton effects in the aromatic regions. These results indicated that the handedness of the self-assembled helical nanofibers was not only determined by the chirality of the peptide backbone but also closely related to the aromatic stacking, hydrogen bonding and steric interactions induced by the side chains. The findings deepen our understanding on the chiral self-assembly of peptide and offer opportunities for the creation of highly functional chiral nanomaterials.},
author = {Xing, Qiguo and Zhang, Jiaxing and Xie, Yanyan and Wang, Yuefei and Qi, Wei and Rao, Hengjun and Su, Rongxin and He, Zhimin},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.8b06173},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/2018 ACS Nano He.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1936-0851},
journal = {ACS Nano},
keywords = {amino acid sequence,chiral nanostructures,handedness inversion,peptide,self-assembly},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {12305--12314},
pmid = {30452865},
title = {{Aromatic Motifs Dictate Nanohelix Handedness of Tripeptides}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.8b06173},
volume = {12},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Stranks2015a,
abstract = {Metal-halide perovskites are crystalline materials originally developed out of scientific curiosity. Unexpectedly, solar cells incorporating these perovskites are rapidly emerging as serious contenders to rival the leading photovoltaic technologies. Power conversion efficiencies have jumped from 3{\%} to over 20{\%} in just four years of academic research. Here, we review the rapid progress in perovskite solar cells, as well as their promising use in light-emitting devices. In particular, we describe the broad tunability and fabrication methods of these materials, the current understanding of the operation of state-of-the-art solar cells and we highlight the properties that have delivered light-emitting diodes and lasers. We discuss key thermal and operational stability challenges facing perovskites, and give an outlook of future research avenues that might bring perovskite technology to commercialization.},
author = {Stranks, Samuel D. and Snaith, Henry J.},
doi = {10.1038/nnano.2015.90},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stranks, Snaith - 2015 - Metal-halide perovskites for photovoltaic and light-emitting devices.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1748-3387},
journal = {Nat. Nanotechnol.},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {391--402},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Metal-halide perovskites for photovoltaic and light-emitting devices}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nnano.2015.90},
volume = {10},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Garcia-Belmonte2016,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells suffer from significant performance distortions under working conditions, usually known by the generic label of hysteretic effects. A classification of the fluctuations associated with current-voltage curves, centered on capacitance analysis, including measurements in voltage sweep, is provided here. Scan rate constitutes an easy-to-implement probing technique able to differentiate between capacitive and noncapacitive contributions to the overall hysteretic response. Capacitive hysteresis shows a distinctive response with scan rate and mainly originates at TiO2 interfaces contacting perovskite materials. It relies on the interfacial ability to accommodate both ionic and electronic charges in a highly reversible way. Noncapacitive hysteresis points to the occurrence of interfacial energetics modification or contact reactivity caused by perovskite ionic motion. It exhibits positive values for reverse scans, in opposition to what is observed for capacitive currents. Connections between irreversible noncapacitve currents and device degradation are highlighted. The interfaces between the perovskite absorber and extracting layers play a determining role in the overall mechanisms of operation of this type of solar cell.},
annote = {from (Futscher2019)},
author = {Garcia-Belmonte, Germ{\`{a}} and Bisquert, Juan},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00293},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Capacitive{\_}Current{\_}from{\_}Futscher2019{\_}acsenergylett.6b00293.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {oct},
number = {4},
pages = {683--688},
title = {{Distinction between Capacitive and Noncapacitive Hysteretic Currents in Operation and Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00293},
volume = {1},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Gomila2008,
abstract = {We present an analytical model to interpret nanoscale capacitance microscopy measurements on thin dielectric films. The model displays a logarithmic dependence on the tip-sample distance and on the film thickness-dielectric constant ratio and shows an excellent agreement with finite-element numerical simulations and experimental results on a broad range of values. Based on these results, we discuss the capabilities of nanoscale capacitance microscopy for the quantitative extraction of the dielectric constant and the thickness of thin dielectric films at the nanoscale. {\textcopyright} 2008 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {comparison force distance and contact mode approach},
author = {Gomila, G. and Toset, J. and Fumagalli, L.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2957069},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.2957069.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {jul},
number = {2},
pages = {024315},
title = {{Nanoscale capacitance microscopy of thin dielectric films}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2957069},
volume = {104},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Poghossian2007a,
abstract = {The possibilities and limitations of a direct electrical detection of charged macromolecules using a field-effect-based sensor platform is evaluated, mainly focusing on capacitive EIS (electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor) devices. The experimentally obtained results on the detection of DNA immobilisation and hybridisation as well as the monitoring of layer-by-layer adsorbed charged polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers have been discussed by using two basic possible mechanisms of signal generation, namely the intrinsic charge of the macromolecules and the charge redistribution within the intermolecular spaces or in the multilayer. The effects of the layer-by-layer adsorption conditions (unbuffered and pH buffer solution), and the number and polarity of charged layers on the sensor response have been systematically investigated by means of capacitance-voltage (C-V), constant-capacitance (ConCap) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) methods. {\textcopyright} Springer-Verlag 2007.},
annote = {kapazit{\"{a}}tsmessungen an DNA.

Unterterissant, da ohne SCM},
author = {Poghossian, A. and Ingebrandt, S. and Abouzar, M.H. and Sch{\"{o}}ning, M.J.},
doi = {10.1007/s00339-007-3919-7},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Poghossian et al. - 2007 - Label-free detection of charged macromolecules by using a field-effect-based sensor platform Experiments and.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {4924160095323},
issn = {0947-8396},
journal = {Appl. Phys. A},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {517--524},
title = {{Label-free detection of charged macromolecules by using a field-effect-based sensor platform: Experiments and possible mechanisms of signal generation}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00339-007-3919-7},
volume = {87},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Malegori2011,
abstract = {The use of wavelet transforms in thermally excited dynamic force spectroscopy allows us to gain insight into the fundamental thermodynamical properties of a cantilever's Brownian motion as well as giving a meaningful and intuitive representation of the cantilever dynamics in time and frequency caused by the interaction with long-and short-range forces. The possibility of carrying out measurements across the jump-to-contact transition without interruption, providing information on both van der Waals forces and short-range adhesion surface forces, is remarkable. {\textcopyright} 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author = {Malegori, Giovanna and Ferrini, Gabriele},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/22/19/195702},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Wavelet transforms to probe long- and short-range.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {may},
number = {19},
pages = {195702},
pmid = {21430315},
title = {{Wavelet transforms to probe long- and short-range forces by thermally excited dynamic force spectroscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/22/19/195702},
volume = {22},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Hsiao2020,
abstract = {Ion migration in organometal halide perovskite solar cell (OHPSC) and crystal structure evolution of organometal halide perovskites (OHPVSKs) in air are considered as one of the critical factors for unstable performance and of the urgent issues for the reliability of OHPSCs. Herein, a novel cation of acetamidinium (Aa+) with stronger coordinated bond with I− than methylammonium is induced into OHPVSK to stabilize its crystal structure. By incorporating Aa+ ions into OHPVSKs, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OHPSC without an encapsulation can maintain higher than 75{\%} of its initial PCE after a 200 h humidity (60–80{\%} relative humidity (RH) in air) or a 24 h thermal stress test (85 °C in dry N2). The Aa–MAPbI3 device exhibits an outstanding efficiency of 20.68{\%}, and over 80{\%} of initial PCE is maintained after a 1300 h damp heat as encapsulated. This novel cation can be easily incorporated into OHPVSK via a hot casting process in air with a high environmental tolerance as compared with that from the conventional coating process, which suffers from sophisticated crystallization steps and a strict processing atmosphere. It extends processing windows for OHPVSK fabrication and provides a promising path toward mass production and further commercialization.},
annote = {Neue passivierte Grains von Saba
Probe K8 aus dem neuen Batch 21.10.2020},
author = {Hsiao, Kai Chi and Jao, Meng Huan and Tian, Kuo Yu and Lin, Ting Han and Tran, Dinh Phuc and Liao, Hsueh Chung and Hou, Cheng Hung and Shyue, Jing Jong and Wu, Ming Chung and Su, Wei Fang},
doi = {10.1002/solr.202000197},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hsiao et al. - 2020 - Acetamidinium Cation to Confer Ion Immobilization and Structure Stabilization of Organometal Halide Perovskite Tow.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2367198X},
journal = {Sol. RRL},
keywords = {acetamidinium,hot casting,perovskite solar cells,solution processes,stability},
number = {9},
pages = {1--11},
title = {{Acetamidinium Cation to Confer Ion Immobilization and Structure Stabilization of Organometal Halide Perovskite Toward Long Life and High-Efficiency p-i-n Planar Solar Cell via Air-Processable Method}},
volume = {4},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lanyi1996,
abstract = {Scanning capacitance microscopes can be used to imaging the topography of conducting surfaces, both free and covered by an insulating film, and also the local properties of the films. Such local properties may be the variations of the dielectric constant and/or the dielectric losses, caused by the presence of certain defects. It is usually assumed that the resolution is tip radius limited. However, below an optimum radius of a few tens of nanometers, approximately twice the tip/surface distance, the resolution does not improve, only the signal-to-noise ratio is reduced. In the case of thick dielectric films limiting becomes the thickness. In spite of that appreciable local resolution may be achieved in the surface layer of the film on the side of the probe, although at reduced contrast. While close to the probe axis the contribution of the surface layer is dominating, at larger distances sensitivity reversal may occur. ? 1996 American Vacuum Society.},
author = {Lányi, Š.},
doi = {10.1116/1.589169},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/cap{\_}model{\_}cantilever{\_}892{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734211X},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
month = {mar},
number = {2},
pages = {892},
title = {{Imaging conducting surfaces and dielectric films by a scanning capacitance microscope}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/avs/jvb/article/14/2/892-896/469265},
volume = {14},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Bing2019,
annote = {PbI2 Schichtwachstum

Zwei-Schritt-Verfahren/Methode
2-Step-Procedure

Vergleich verschiedener Methoden},
author = {Bing, Jueming and Huang, Shujuan},
doi = {10.1002/ente.201901114},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bing, Huang - 2019 - A Review on Halide Perovskite Film Formation by Sequential Solution Processing for Solar Cell.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--22},
title = {{A Review on Halide Perovskite Film Formation by Sequential Solution Processing for Solar Cell}},
volume = {1901114},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Sahoo2023,
abstract = {Dielectric thin films are important building blocks of microelectronic devices, and hence, research on the development of high-k dielectric thin films has drawn tremendous research interest. In this research, thin films of tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), a high-k dielectric material, are deposited on the Si substrate by the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. During the deposition of Ta 2 O 5 thin film, the sputtering parameters such as sputtering power and substrate temperature were systematically varied, and post-deposition structural, morphological, and electrical properties of sputtered Ta 2 O 5 films are studied by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, capacitance–voltage (C-V) and current–voltage (I-V) measurement techniques. The annealed Ta 2 O 5 thin film at the temperature of 900 °C for 1 h possesses polycrystalline nature with $\beta$ —phase orthorhombic crystal structure. The film deposited at 150 W and substrate temperature at room temperature has shown comparatively lower surface roughness, which depicts the energy, and mobility of adatoms greatly influenced by RF power and substrate temperature. With the increase in sputtering power, the oxide charge density (Q ox ) is found to increase. On the other hand, Q ox is found to decrease with the increase in substrate temperature. The film deposited at RF power of 150 W and substrate temperature of 300 °C is found to be of high dielectric constant, low oxide and interface charge density, and lower leakage current.},
author = {Sahoo, Kiran Kumar and Pradhan, Diana and Ghosh, Surya Prakash and Gartia, Anurag and Kar, Jyoti Prakash},
doi = {10.1088/1402-4896/ad196b},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Sahoo{\_}2024{\_}Phys.{\_}Scr.{\_}99{\_}025934.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-8949},
journal = {Phys. Scr.},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {025934},
title = {{Modulation of electrical properties of sputtered Ta 2 O 5 films by variation of RF power and substrate temperature}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1402-4896/ad196b},
volume = {99},
year = {2024}
}
@article{Shao2003,
author = {Shao, Rui and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Bonnell, Dawn A.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1561168},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Imp{\_}1.1561168.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {12},
pages = {1869--1871},
title = {{Local impedance imaging and spectroscopy of polycrystalline ZnO using contact atomic force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1561168},
volume = {82},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Liu2018,
abstract = {Formamidinium (FA)-based lead iodide perovskites have emerged as the most promising light-absorber materials in the prevailing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, they suffer from the phase-instability issue in the ambient atmosphere, which is holding back the realization of the full potential of FA-based PSCs in the context of high efficiency and stability. Herein, the tetraethylorthosilicate hydrolysis process is integrated with the solution crystallization of FA-based perovskites, forming a new film structure with individual perovskite grains encapsulated by amorphous silica layers that are in situ formed at the nanoscale. The silica not only protects perovskite grains from the degradation but also enhances the charge-carrier dynamics of perovskite films. The underlying mechanism is discussed using a joint experiment-theory approach. Through this in situ grain encapsulation method, PSCs show an efficiency close to 20{\%} with an impressive 97{\%} retention after 1000-h storage under ambient conditions.},
annote = {Preperation CsFA Perovsikite},
author = {Liu, Tanghao and Zhou, Yuanyuan and Li, Zhen and Zhang, Lin and Ju, Ming Gang and Luo, Deying and Yang, Ye and Yang, Mengjin and Kim, Dong Hoe and Yang, Wenqiang and Padture, Nitin P. and Beard, Matthew C. and Zeng, Xiao Cheng and Zhu, Kai and Gong, Qihuang and Zhu, Rui},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201800232},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Liu et al. - 2018 - Stable Formamidinium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells via In Situ Grain Encapsulation.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146840},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {charge transport,encapsulate,perovskite,silica,stability},
number = {22},
pages = {1--9},
title = {{Stable Formamidinium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells via In Situ Grain Encapsulation}},
volume = {8},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Hu2017,
abstract = {The photovoltage of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was studied over a wide range of light intensities, showing changes from pristine to light-soaking (LS) conditions, explained using a specific model of spatial charge distribution. Migration of ions and vacancies under photovoltage conditions results in localized charge redistribution manifested as positive charge accumulation at the TiO2 or TiO2-MgO interlayer-perovskite interface, signifying photoinduced interfacial upward band bending. Consequentially, generation of an electrostatic potential (Velec) and an increase in interfacial recombination rate are confirmed. The magnitude and effect of Velec and interfacial recombination on the photovoltage depend on the illumination intensity and on the LS duration. PSCs with mesoporous Al2O3 showed similar changes, validating the role of the compact TiO2. Faster generation and a gradual increase of Velec are apparent under LS, which expresses the constant migration of ions and vacancies toward the interface. The nonrigid TiO2-perovskite interface calls for a vital perspective change of PSCs.},
author = {Hu, Jiangang and Gottesman, Ronen and Gouda, Laxman and Kama, Adi and Priel, Maayan and Tirosh, Shay and Bisquert, Juan and Zaban, Arie},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00212},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}acsenergylett.7b00212.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}Light{\_}soaking{\_}acsenergylett.7b00212.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {950--956},
title = {{Photovoltage Behavior in Perovskite Solar Cells under Light-Soaking Showing Photoinduced Interfacial Changes}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00212},
volume = {2},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Giridharagopal2012,
abstract = {We propose, simulate, and experimentally validate a new mechanical detection method to analyze atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever motion that enables noncontact discrimination of transient events with ∼100 ns temporal resolution without the need for custom AFM probes, specialized instrumentation, or expensive add-on hardware. As an example application, we use the method to screen thermally annealed poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester photovoltaic devices under realistic testing conditions over a technologically relevant performance window. We show that variations in device efficiency and nanoscale transient charging behavior are correlated, thereby linking local dynamics with device behavior. We anticipate that this method will find application in scanning probe experiments of dynamic local mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and biophysical phenomena. {\textcopyright} 2012 American Chemical Society.},
annote = {Ginger, David S. TR-Methoden


Art TR-EFM},
author = {Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Rayermann, Glennis E. and Shao, Guozheng and Moore, David T. and Reid, Obadiah G. and Tillack, Andreas F. and Masiello, David J. and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1021/nl203956q},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Giridharagopal et al. - 2012 - Submicrosecond time resolution atomic force microscopy for probing nanoscale dynamics.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15306984},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
keywords = {P3HT:PCBM,Scanning probe microscopy,bulk heterojunction,electrostatic force microscopy,organic solar cells},
number = {2},
pages = {893--898},
pmid = {22248070},
title = {{Submicrosecond time resolution atomic force microscopy for probing nanoscale dynamics}},
volume = {12},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Dai2022,
abstract = {In heterostructure photocatalyst, metal–support interaction plays a key role in determining the photocatalytic reaction, which is rarely studied due to its complicated mechanism involving interfacial bonding, internal electric field, and charge transfer etc. Here we report an interfacial engineering to promote the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of the model photocatalyst Pt/TiO2. A stable oxidized Cu+ layer was inserted as an interlayer between Pt nanoparticles and TiO2 support, which boosts the efficiency of photoinduced charge extraction and regulates the surface charge state of the photocatalyst. The synthesized photocatalyst Pt/Cu/TiO2 exhibits highly efficient hydrogen evolution of 1 L g−1h−1, which is 63{\%} higher than the photocatalyst Pt/TiO2. This charge extraction strategy is also evidenced on photocatalysts Pt/(Rh, Co or Ni)/TiO2. Our findings not only provide insight into interfacial interaction in photocatalyst, but also offer effective guidelines for the design and fabrication of high-performance photocatalysts.},
author = {Dai, Fangxu and Guo, Zhiying and Zhao, Weijie and Li, Zhenjiang and Xing, Jun and Wang, Lei},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2022.138015},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Charge{\_}Extraction{\_}10.1016{\_}j.cej.2022.138015.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13858947},
journal = {Chem. Eng. J.},
keywords = {Charge extraction,Co-catalyst,Cu interlayer,HER,Photocatalytic},
month = {dec},
number = {P1},
pages = {138015},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Interfacial engineering boosting charge extraction for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138015 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S138589472203501X},
volume = {450},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Naitou2005,
abstract = {For the evaluation of two-dimensional carrier profiles in semiconductor devices, we have developed a novel form of probe-sensor combined unit that uses an etched tungsten wire as a conductive probe, and commercially available quartz tuning fork as the force sensor. This unit has a self-sensing capability due to the piezoelectric effect of quartz tuning fork, thus obviating optical setup, and its conductivity is higher and more stable than that of conventional metal-coated Si cantilever. In addition, this probe-sensor combined unit is inexpensive and easy to use, when compared to the well-known optical methods of Si-based cantilever vibration detection system. Our scanning probe microscope using this probe-sensor combined unit is able to mapping the capacitive gradient signal (dC/dZ image) and internal damping of quartz tuning fork oscillation (dissipation image) while scanning the sample surface. In this letter, we show the results of visualization of the p-n junction locus of a Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor in both dC/dZ and dissipation images. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Naitou, Yuichi and Ookubo, Norio},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.01.006},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0169433205000322-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {Dissipation,Scanning probe microscope,Self-sensing probe,Tuning fork},
number = {1-4},
pages = {209--215},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Application of a self-sensing conductive probe for Si device imaging}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.01.006},
volume = {250},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Yang2010,
abstract = {In order to reduce the dielectric loss and retain the high dielectric constant, CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics were prepared by coprecipitation method. The thermal decomposition process of precursor was studied by TG/DTG and FTIR. The CaCu3Ti4O12 phase structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The dielectric spectra and I-V characteristics were measured at room temperature. Ca-Cu solutions with different pH values were used. It is found that when the pH value of Ca-Cu solutions is 5.1, the dielectric constant of the CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics is still high and dielectric loss reaches the lowest. At room temperature, the dielectric constant is 1.4×104 and the dielectric loss is 0.037, when the frequency is 1 kHz. The precipitation of each element, microstructure and dielectric properties of ceramics are affected by the pH value of Ca-Cu solution. Thus the pH value of Ca-Cu solution is one of the key points to decrease dielectric loss and improve dielectric constant of the CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics.},
author = {YANG, Yan and LI, Sheng-Tao},
doi = {10.3724/SP.J.1077.2010.00835},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/CaCu{\_}SUB{\_}3{\_}{\_}SUB{\_}Ti{\_}SUB{\_}4{\_}{\_}SUB{\_}O{\_}SUB{\_}12{\_}{\_}SUB{\_} Ceramics Prepared by Coprecipitation Method.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1000-324X},
journal = {J. Inorg. Mater.},
keywords = {CaCu3Ti4O12,Coprecipitation,Dielectric loss,PH value},
month = {jul},
number = {8},
pages = {835--839},
title = {{CaCu3Ti4O12 Ceramics Prepared by Coprecipitation Method}},
url = {http://pub.chinasciencejournal.com/article/getArticleRedirect.action?doiCode=10.3724/SP.J.1077.2010.00835},
volume = {25},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Berger2009,
abstract = {Scanning probe microscopy methods allow the investigation of a variety of sample surface properties on a nanometer scale, even down to single molecules. As molecular electronics advance, the characterization of electrical properties becomes more and more important. In both research and industry, films made from composite materials and lithographically structured elements have already reached structure sizes down to a few nanometers. Here, we review the major scanning probe microscopy modes that are used for electrical characterization of thin films, that is, scanning conductive force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy and scanning electric field microscopy. To demonstrate the possibilities and capabilities of these modes, reference samples were fabricated by means of focused ion beam deposition and analyzed using the described methods. Furthermore, two upcoming modes are presented that are based on: i) local current measurements while the SPM-cantilever is excited into torsional vibrations, and, ii) changes in a backscattered microwave that was coupled into a scanning probe microscopy-cantilever. The scanning-probe-based electrical modes are applicable for studies of functional layers used in soft matter electronic devices under realistic environmental conditions. {\textcopyright} 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH {\&} Co. KGaA.},
author = {Berger, R{\"{u}}diger and Butt, Hans J{\"{u}}rgen and Retschke, Maria B. and Weber, Stefan A.L.},
doi = {10.1002/marc.200900220},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Berger et al. - 2009 - Electrical modes in scanning probe microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10221336},
journal = {Macromol. Rapid Commun.},
keywords = {Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM),Focused ion beam,Microscopy,Microwave,Scanning probe,Torsion mode},
number = {14},
pages = {1167--1178},
title = {{Electrical modes in scanning probe microscopy}},
volume = {30},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Labuda2016a,
abstract = {An alternative method for power spectral density (PSD) estimation - the Daniell method - is revisited and compared to the most prevalent method used in the field of atomic force microscopy for quantifying cantilever thermal motion - the Bartlett method. Both methods are shown to underestimate the Q factor of a simple harmonic oscillator (SHO) by a predictable, and therefore correctable, amount in the absence of spurious deterministic noise sources. However, the Bartlett method is much more prone to spectral leakage which can obscure the thermal spectrum in the presence of deterministic noise. By the significant reduction in spectral leakage, the Daniell method leads to a more accurate representation of the true PSD and enables clear identification and rejection of deterministic noise peaks. This benefit is especially valuable for the development of automated PSD fitting algorithms for robust and accurate estimation of SHO parameters from a thermal spectrum.},
author = {Labuda, Aleksander},
doi = {10.1063/1.4943292},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4943292.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {033704},
title = {{Daniell method for power spectral density estimation in atomic force microscopy}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4943292 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4943292},
volume = {87},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Tennyson2020,
abstract = {Perovskite semiconductors are an exciting class of materials due to their promising performance outputs in photovoltaic devices. To boost their efficiency further, researchers introduce additives during sample synthesis, such as KI. However, it is not well understood how KI changes the material and, often, leaves precipitants. To fully resolve the role of KI, multiple microscopy techniques are applied and the electrical and chemical behavior of a Reference (untreated) and a KI-treated perovskite are compared. Upon correlation between electrical and chemical nanoimaging techniques, it is discovered that these local properties are linked to the macroscopic voltage enhancement of the KI-treated perovskite. The heterogeneity revealed in both the local electrical and chemical responses indicates that the additive partially migrates to the surface, yet surprisingly does not deteriorate the performance locally, rather, the voltage response homogeneously increases. The research presented within provides a diagnostic methodology, which connects the nanoscale electrical and chemical properties of materials, relevant to other perovskites, including multication and Pb-free alternatives.},
annote = {KI Passivierung Paul Fa{\ss}l (KIT)},
author = {Tennyson, Elizabeth M. and Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba and Ji, Kangyu and Garrett, Joseph L. and Gong, Chen and Pawlicki, Alison A. and Ovchinnikova, Olga S. and Munday, Jeremy N. and Stranks, Samuel D. and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1002/admi.202000515},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tennyson et al. - 2020 - Correlated Electrical and Chemical Nanoscale Properties in Potassium-Passivated, Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar.pdf:pdf},
issn = {21967350},
journal = {Adv. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {correlative microscopy,halide perovskites,nanoscale,passivation,solar cells},
pages = {1--8},
title = {{Correlated Electrical and Chemical Nanoscale Properties in Potassium-Passivated, Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {2000515},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Jing2007,
abstract = {Several methods have been developed in recent years to calibrate the spring constant of atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever. In the present work, an effective and practical improvement is made on these methods to provide a more convenient calibration method. Simplifying the originally tedious procedures by just examining the cantilever's dimensions in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the resonance frequency of the cantilever from Q curves in AFM system, the spring constants of different cantilevers are calculated by the methods of Cleveland and Sader. The results are close to the nominal values provided by the manufacturers, which indicates that simplifying the procedures is valid and reliable. Moreover, it shows that spring constants acquiring by Cleveland method is more close to their nominal values than Sader's method does. {\textcopyright} The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Microscopy. All rights reserved.},
annote = {[11] = Hutter1993
[12] = Sader1999},
author = {Jing, G. Y. and Ma, Jun and Yu, D. P.},
doi = {10.1093/jmicro/dfm001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dfm001.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-0744},
journal = {J. Electron Microsc. (Tokyo).},
keywords = {Atomic force microscopy,Calibration,Cantilever,Q curve,Resonance frequency,Spring constant},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {21--25},
title = {{Calibration of the spring constant of AFM cantilever}},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/jmicro/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jmicro/dfm001},
volume = {56},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Gottesman2016,
abstract = {Drastic changes in open-circuit voltage decay (OCVD) response time in CH3NH3PbX3 perovskites have been systematically investigated in order to elucidate the dynamic properties of the interface. Under pre-illumination treatment, the decay times are reduced by orders of magnitude, but if left to rest for sufficient time, the solar cell evolves to its original decay kinetics. In order to explain these observations, we developed advanced modeling of the perovskite solar cell to obtain a realistic description of the immediate vicinity of the interface, including ionic variable concentration and accumulation of holes via degenerate statistics in the space charge region. The results reveal a large amount of majority carriers at the minority carrier extraction contact, assisted by additional ionic charge. The surface band bending related to accumulation gives an electrostatic contribution to the photovoltage in a manner governed by slow dynamics of cations at the electron-selective contact. The modeling of the interface allows us to describe the dynamics of the contact region dominated by surface charging and recombination. These phenomena also play an important role in operation conditions and current-voltage scans of the solar cell.},
author = {Gottesman, Ronen and Lopez-Varo, Pilar and Gouda, Laxman and Jimenez-Tejada, Juan A. and Hu, Jiangang and Tirosh, Shay and Zaban, Arie and Bisquert, Juan},
doi = {10.1016/j.chempr.2016.10.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gottesman et al. - 2016 - Dynamic Phenomena at PerovskiteElectron-Selective Contact Interface as Interpreted from Photovoltage Decays.pdf:pdf},
issn = {24519294},
journal = {Chem},
keywords = {charge accumulation,interface design,memory effect,open-circuit voltage decay,perovskite solar cells,photo-induced changes,selective contact},
month = {nov},
number = {5},
pages = {776--789},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Dynamic Phenomena at Perovskite/Electron-Selective Contact Interface as Interpreted from Photovoltage Decays}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2016.10.002 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S245192941630167X},
volume = {1},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Almora2015,
abstract = {Despite spectacular advances in conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell many aspects of its operating modes are still poorly understood. Capacitance constitutes a key parameter to explore which mechanisms control particular functioning and undesired effects as current hysteresis. Analyzing capacitive responses allows addressing not only the nature of charge distribution in the device but also the kinetics of the charging processes and how they alter the solar cell current. Two main polarization processes are identified. Dielectric properties of the microscopic dipolar units through the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition account for the measured intermediate frequency capacitance. Electrode polarization caused by interfacial effects, presumably related to kinetically slow ions piled up in the vicinity of the outer interfaces, consistently explain the reported excess capacitance values at low frequencies. In addition, current-voltage curves and capacitive responses of perovskite-based solar cells are connected. The observed hysteretic effect in the dark current originates from the slow capacitive mechanisms.},
author = {Almora, Osbel and Zarazua, Isaac and Mas-Marza, Elena and Mora-Sero, Ivan and Bisquert, Juan and Garcia-Belmonte, Germ{\`{a}}},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00480},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Capacitive{\_}Hysteresis{\_}acs.jpclett.5b00480.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
keywords = {Photovoltaics,capacitance,electrode polarization,hysteresis,lead halide perovskites},
month = {may},
number = {9},
pages = {1645--1652},
title = {{Capacitive Dark Currents, Hysteresis, and Electrode Polarization in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00480},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Arif2023,
abstract = {The study focusses on the ecofriendly synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using aqueous extract of Chenopodium album leaves. The prepared NPs were characterized using techniques such as Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). UV–Vis spectroscopy exhibited absorption maximum ( $\lambda$ max ) at 271 nm for CuO NPs. The average size of crystallite was observed as 17 ± 3 nm using XRD. SEM illustrated that the shape of fabricated NPs was spherical. Elemental composition was further supported by EDX. The photocatalytic nature of prepared NPs was assessed by degradation of atrazine and abamectin. Maximum degradation 53.61 {\%} and 57 {\%} of abamectin and atrazine was observed in presence of these particles after the 180 min exposure time. The pesticides removal followed the zero-order kinetics. It may be concluded that CuO NPs synthesized from C. album could behave as suitable candidate for the degradation of toxic pollutants in wastewater.},
annote = {[1 - 9] from {\{}Elayarani2024{\}}},
author = {Arif, Hamza and Yasir, Muhammad and Ali, Faisal and Nazir, Arif and Ali, Abid and {Al Huwayz}, Maryam and Alwadai, Norah and Iqbal, Munawar},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2023-0224},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {689--705},
title = {{Photocatalytic degradation of atrazine and abamectin using Chenopodium album leaves extract mediated copper oxide nanoparticles}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2023-0224/html},
volume = {237},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Biswas2002,
abstract = {Carbon nanotubes have the potential of being used as interconnects and active semiconducting material in future electronic circuits. It is necessary to study such nano-scale circuits with probes that can make measurements with molecular precision. We describe results using two nanoprobe techniques, namely scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM), and conductive tip atomic force microscopy (CT-AFM), in the investigation of electrical properties of nanotube circuits. Vertical arrays of multi-walled nanotubes, grown in a porous alumina template with a metal back contact were analyzed. Current mapping confirmed that the nanotubes were electrically connected to the back contact. Isolated single-walled nanotube bundles deposited on an oxidized silicon wafer, and contacted electrically through chromium electrodes were also studied. Contact potential differences between the metal and nanotubes, and the current in some connected nanotubes were measured. Measurements of contact potential with different metals, and the nature of microscopic transport is crucial. Contact potential measurements can also provide fast and reliable characterization of junctions between metallic and semiconducting nanotubes and metals electrodes.},
author = {Biswas, Sujit K. and Schujman, Sandra B. and Vajtai, Robert and Wei, Bingqing and Parker, Allen and Schowalter, Leo J. and Ajayan, Pulickel M},
doi = {10.1557/PROC-761-NN6.2/G9.2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Biswas2003{\_}Article{\_}AFM-basedElectricalCharacteriz{\_}DOI.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0272-9172},
journal = {MRS Proc.},
month = {feb},
pages = {NN6.2/G9.2},
title = {{AFM-based Electrical Characterization of Nano-structures}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1557/PROC-761-NN6.2/G9.2},
volume = {761},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Kojima2009,
abstract = {Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals, CH3NH 3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3, were found to efficiently sensitize TiO2 for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells. When self-assembled on mesoporous TiO 2 films, the nanocrystalline perovskites exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors. The CH3NH3PbI 3-based photocell with spectral sensitivity of up to 800 nm yielded a solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.8{\%}. The CH3NH 3PbBr3-based cell showed a high photovoltage of 0.96 V with an external quantum conversion efficiency of 65{\%}. {\textcopyright} 2009 American Chemical Society.},
annote = {first paper about perovskite for solar cells !!!},
author = {Kojima, Akihiro and Teshima, Kenjiro and Shirai, Yasuo and Miyasaka, Tsutomu},
doi = {10.1021/ja809598r},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Pero{\_}first{\_}paper{\_}ja809598r.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0002-7863},
journal = {J. Am. Chem. Soc.},
month = {may},
number = {17},
pages = {6050--6051},
pmid = {19366264},
title = {{Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja809598r},
volume = {131},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Pukhova2017,
abstract = {Interacting cantilevers in AFM experiments generate non-stationary, multi-frequency signals consisting of numerous excited flexural and torsional modes and their harmonics. The analysis of such signals is challenging, requiring special methodological approaches and a powerful mathematical apparatus. The most common approach to the signal analysis is to apply Fourier transform analysis. However, FT gives accurate spectra for stationary signals, and for signals changing their spectral content over time, FT provides only an averaged spectrum. Hence, for non-stationary and rapidly varying signals, such as those from interacting cantilevers, a method that shows the spectral evolution in time is needed. One of the most powerful techniques, allowing detailed time-frequency representation of signals, is the wavelet transform. It is a method of analysis that allows representation of energy associated to the signal at a particular frequency and time, providing correlation between the spectral and temporal features of the signal, unlike FT. This is particularly important in AFM experiments because signals nonlinearities contains valuable information about tip-sample interactions and consequently surfaces properties. The present work is aimed to show the advantages of wavelet transform in comparison with FT using as an example the force curve analysis in dynamic force spectroscopy.},
author = {Pukhova, V. and Ferrini, G.},
doi = {10.1088/1757-899X/256/1/012004},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Multi-frequency data analysis in AFM by wavelet transform.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1757-8981},
journal = {IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.},
month = {oct},
number = {1},
pages = {012004},
title = {{Multi-frequency data analysis in AFM by wavelet transform}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/256/1/012004},
volume = {256},
year = {2017}
}
@article{You2017,
abstract = {To reduce intrinsic defect density in perovskite films, various additives are often added into the precursor solution. In this paper, a novel solution, in which isopropanol (IPA) was added into the precursor solution, was developed for the preparation of normal planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.70 {\%} was achieved with this approach. By adding IPA into the precursor solution, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite showed better crystallization and stability, indicating improved film quality. Because of the improved morphology of perovskite crystal, the PCE of PSCs increased. In addition, the unencapsulated PSCs retained high output for up to 40 days in air at room temperature, indicating the stability of PSCs. These results may provide a new avenue for manufacturing high efficiency and high stability PSCs.},
annote = {Additiv IPA und CB (chlorobenzene)
Interessant?},
author = {You, Shuai and Bi, Shiqing and Huang, Jing and Jia, Qiushuang and Yuan, Yuhe and Xia, Yanjie and Xiao, Zhenyu and Sun, Zhuzhu and Liu, Jiangfeng and Sun, Shujie and Zhao, Zhiqiang},
doi = {10.1002/chem.201704181},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/You et al. - 2017 - Additive-Enhanced Crystallization of Solution Process for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 19.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15213765},
journal = {Chem. - A Eur. J.},
keywords = {CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3,additives,high efficiency,isopropanol,perovskite solar cells},
number = {72},
pages = {18140--18145},
title = {{Additive-Enhanced Crystallization of Solution Process for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 19 {\%}}},
volume = {23},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Chang2022,
abstract = {Mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskites simultaneously possess structural stability and high power conversion efficiency. A thorough study of both carrier and exciton dynamics is needed to understand the photophysical properties that underpin its superior photovoltaic performance. By utilizing a broadband transient absorption spectroscopy, we observe the carrier and exciton dynamics in a FA 0.85 Cs 0.15 Pb(I 0.97 Br 0.03 ) 3 (FCPIB) perovskite by simultaneously resolving the carrier and exciton contribution to the transient change of the absorption spectra, from which the carrier density and exciton oscillator strength can be determined. Our data reveal a quick and significant conversion of the photogenerated carriers to excitons, on top of the usual carrier recombination process. Moreover, the decay of carrier density shows a change of kinetics from a second-order recombination at high pump fluence to a third-order recombination at low pump fluence. Our analysis utilizes band anharmonicity, presents an independent determination of electronic temperature and quasi-Fermi energy, and reveals an interesting interplay among the processes of carrier cooling, exciton formation/decay and carrier recombination, all as a function of time after photoexcitation. Our work demonstrates the use of pump fluence as a knob to tune the relative populations of carriers and excitons in halide perovskite materials.},
author = {Chang, Qing and Bao, Di and Chen, Bingbing and Hu, Hongwei and Chen, Xiaoxuan and Sun, Handong and Lam, Yeng Ming and Zhu, Jian-Xin and Zhao, Daming and Chia, Elbert E. M.},
doi = {10.1038/s42005-022-00966-4},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chang et al. - 2022 - Tracking carrier and exciton dynamics in mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite thin films.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2399-3650},
journal = {Commun. Phys.},
month = {jul},
number = {1},
pages = {187},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Tracking carrier and exciton dynamics in mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite thin films}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-022-00966-4},
volume = {5},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Fumagalli2012a,
abstract = {Label-free detection of the material composition of nanoparticles could be enabled by the quantification of the nanoparticlesĝ™ inherent dielectric response to an applied electric field. However, the sensitivity of dielectric nanoscale objects to geometric and non-local effects makes the dielectric response extremely weak. Here we show that electrostatic force microscopy with sub-piconewton resolution can resolve the dielectric constants of single dielectric nanoparticles without the need for any reference material, as well as distinguish nanoparticles that have an identical surface but different inner composition. We unambiguously identified unlabelled ∼10 nm nanoparticles of similar morphology but different low-polarizable materials, and discriminated empty from DNA-containing virus capsids. Our approach should make the in situ characterization of nanoscale dielectrics and biological macromolecules possible. {\textcopyright} 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.},
author = {Fumagalli, Laura and Esteban-Ferrer, Daniel and Cuervo, Ana and Carrascosa, Jose L. and Gomila, Gabriel},
doi = {10.1038/nmat3369},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/label{\_}free{\_}SI{\_}41563{\_}2012{\_}BFnmat3369{\_}MOESM8{\_}ESM.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1476-1122},
journal = {Nat. Mater.},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {808--816},
pmid = {22772654},
title = {{SI: Label-free identification of single dielectric nanoparticles and viruses with ultraweak polarization forces}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat3369},
volume = {11},
year = {2012}
}
@article{DeVoogd2017,
abstract = {Within the last three decades Scanning Probe Microscopy has been developed to a powerful tool for measuring surfaces and their properties on an atomic scale such that users can be found nowadays not only in academia but also in industry. This development is still pushed further by researchers, who continuously exploit new possibilities of this technique, as well as companies that focus mainly on the usability. However, although imaging has become significantly easier, the time required for a safe approach (without unwanted tip-sample contact) can be very time consuming, especially if the microscope is not equipped or suited for the observation of the tip-sample distance with an additional optical microscope. Here we show that the measurement of the absolute tip-sample capacitance provides an ideal solution for a fast and reliable pre-approach. The absolute tip-sample capacitance shows a generic behavior as a function of the distance, even though we measured it on several completely different setups. Insight into this behavior is gained via an analytical and computational analysis, from which two additional advantages arise: the capacitance measurement can be applied for observing, analyzing, and fine-tuning of the approach motor, as well as for the determination of the (effective) tip radius. The latter provides important information about the sharpness of the measured tip and can be used not only to characterize new (freshly etched) tips but also for the determination of the degradation after a tip-sample contact/crash.},
annote = {model from {\{}Hudlet1998a{\}}},
author = {de Voogd, J.M. and van Spronsen, M.A. and Kalff, F.E. and Bryant, B. and Ostoji{\'{c}}, O. and den Haan, A.M.J. and Groot, I.M.N. and Oosterkamp, T.H. and Otte, A.F. and Rost, M.J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.05.009},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0304399117300554-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043991},
journal = {Ultramicroscopy},
keywords = {Capacitance measurements,Coarse approach,Nano-positioning,Scanning probe microscope,Scanning tunneling microscope,Stepping motor},
month = {oct},
pages = {61--69},
pmid = {28525802},
title = {{Fast and reliable pre-approach for scanning probe microscopes based on tip-sample capacitance}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304399117300554},
volume = {181},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Alnaief2011,
abstract = {Supercritical extraction of the solvent from organic gels, like polysaccharides, enables the production of highly porous biodegradable aerogel with a high surface area. The structural properties of the produced aerogel depend mainly on the preparation methods and the composition of the gel phase. This work presents a new method to produce biodegradable microspherical alginate aerogels particles using an emulsion technique. Water in oil (W/O) emulsion was produced by mixing a Na-alginate solution (dispersed phase) with oil (continuous phase) followed by cross-linking the dispersed phase to form the gel particles. The gelation parameters as well as the emulsion process parameters were investigated in order to control the form and the structural properties of the produced alginate aerogel. Alginate aerogel microspherical particles with a high surface area up to 680 m2/g and relatively large pore volume up to 4.0 cm3/g and different mean particle diameters ranging from 25 $\mu$m to few hundred microns were produced using the presented method. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Alnaief, M. and Alzaitoun, M.A. and Garc{\'{i}}a-Gonz{\'{a}}lez, C.A. and Smirnova, I.},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.060},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alnaief et al. - 2011 - Preparation of biodegradable nanoporous microspherical aerogel based on alginate.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01448617},
journal = {Carbohydr. Polym.},
keywords = {Alginate aerogels,Biodegradable nanoporous materials,Polysaccharides,Spherical aerogel microparticles,Supercritical CO2 extraction},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {1011--1018},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{Preparation of biodegradable nanoporous microspherical aerogel based on alginate}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.060 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0144861710010489},
volume = {84},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Serghei2003,
abstract = {Broadband dielectric spectroscopy is employed to investigate the molecular dynamics of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI) in thin layers down to thicknesses comparable with the chain extension. The segmental and the normal mode dynamics of the PI chains is found not to depend on the layer thickness. Additionally, a novel confinement-induced relaxation process is detected. It is assigned to fluctuations of terminal subchains which are formed due to the immobilization of chain segments at an interface. Most of the experimental findings can be well described by simulations of the chains as ideal random walks. {\textcopyright} 2003 The American Physical Society.},
author = {Serghei, A. and Kremer, F.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.165702},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Serghei, Kremer - 2003 - Confinement-induced relaxation process in thin films of cis-polyisoprene.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10797114},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
number = {16},
pages = {1--4},
title = {{Confinement-induced relaxation process in thin films of cis-polyisoprene}},
volume = {91},
year = {2003}
}
@book{Shen2022a,
address = {Boca Raton},
author = {Shen, Cai},
doi = {10.1201/9781003174042},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Book{\_}Atomic{\_}Force{\_}Microscopy{\_}for{\_}Energy{\_}Research{\_}Ch1{\_}TIBSUBITO-GI202302230238.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781003174042},
issn = {0038092X},
month = {mar},
number = {1},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {CRC Press},
title = {{Atomic Force Microscopy for Energy Research}},
url = {http://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/index.php/JKM/article/view/2203 https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003174042},
volume = {21},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Dong1998,
abstract = {This article reports results from a survey of 169 graduate students and their thesis/dissertation advisors at two U.S. southeastern institutions about thesis/dissertation writing in science. The article compares the article compilation and the traditional five-chapter thesis/dissertation, reveals non-native students' lack of social networks and use of writing resources and their suggestions for an adequate and improved thesis/dissertation writing supervision, and examines the impact of language and cultural differences on non-native students' thesis/dissertation writing. Findings indicate the need for teaching knowledge transformation skills in EAP classes, establishing helping networks, and a collaboration among disciplines on audience/genre/ discipline specific writing instruction. {\textcopyright} 1998 The American University. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Dong, Yu Ren},
doi = {10.1016/S0889-4906(97)00054-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/How-TO-Write{\_}1-s2.0-S0889490697000549-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {08894906},
journal = {English Specif. Purp.},
month = {oct},
number = {4},
pages = {369--390},
title = {{Non-native Graduate Students' Thesis/Dissertation Writing in Science: Self-reports by Students and Their Advisors from Two U.S. Institutions}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889490697000549},
volume = {17},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Hassan2022,
author = {Hassan, Ali and Wang, Zhijie and Ahn, Yeong Hwan and Azam, Muhammad and Khan, Abbas Ahmad and Farooq, Umar and Zubair, Muhammad and Cao, Yu},
doi = {10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107579},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Review{\_}10.1016{\_}j.nanoen.2022.107579{\_}read.pdf:pdf},
issn = {22112855},
journal = {Nano Energy},
keywords = {Additive engineering,Defect passivation,Energy harvesting,Perovskite solar cells,Photovoltaics,perovskite solar cells},
month = {oct},
number = {June},
pages = {107579},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Recent defect passivation drifts and role of additive engineering in perovskite photovoltaics}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107579 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211285522006577},
volume = {101},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Gotsmann1997b,
abstract = {The resonance frequency and the damping behaviour of a vibrating cantilever as used in dynamic Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM) is investigated with the frequency modulation (FM) technique. The properties of a silicon-cantilever/tip vibrating in front of a silicon surface were studied under UHV conditions as a function of the tip-sample distance. The experimental results are compared with a computer simulation. The different characteristic parts of the experimental curves can be interpreted in terms of attractive and repulsive forces acting on the cantilever as well as the behaviour of the amplitude control electronics. Using the computer simulation noncontact regimes can clearly be distinguished from intermittent contact regimes.},
annote = {nummerical approximations cited by Gotsmann1999

correction},
author = {Gotsmann, B. and Kr{\"{u}}ger, D. and Fuchs, H.},
doi = {10.1209/epl/i1997-00542-5},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/B.{\_}Gotsmann{\_}1998{\_}EPL{\_}41{\_}583.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0295-5075},
journal = {Europhys. Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {2},
pages = {153--158},
title = {{Tip-sample interactions in scanning force microscopy using the frequency-modulation technique: Experiments and computer simulation}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/epl/i1997-00542-5},
volume = {39},
year = {1997}
}
@article{VanEysden2015,
abstract = {The dynamic response of microcantilever beams is used in a broad range of applications, including ultra-sensitive mass measurements and imaging with molecular and atomic scale resolution. This chapter presents an overview of the theoretical models for the fluid-structure interaction of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluid. The focus is on beams whose lengths greatly exceed their widths, as is often encountered in practice. The chapter also presents the two-dimensional theory for flexural modes at low mode number, where fluid viscosity plays an essential role. Models for torsional, in-plane and extensional modes, also at low mode numbers, are summarized in the chapter, respectively. The chapter describes the general, three-dimensional theory for arbitrary mode order, with a focus on the flexural modes. Both incompressible and compressible flows are discussed, accompanied by scaling analyses for determining the regimes where fluid compressibility is expected to be important.},
author = {Sader, John Elie},
doi = {10.1063/1.368002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Sader{\_}1.368002.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783527676330},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
keywords = {Flexural modes,Microcantilever beams,Three-dimensional theory,Viscous fluid},
month = {jul},
number = {1},
pages = {64--76},
title = {{Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids with applications to the atomic force microscope}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527676330.ch2 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.368002},
volume = {84},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Trenberth2014,
abstract = {Climate change from increased greenhouse gases arises from a global energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). TOA measurements of radiation from space can track changes over time but lack absolute accuracy. An inventory of energy storage changes shows that over 90{\%} of the imbalance is manifested as a rise in ocean heat content (OHC). Data from the Ocean Reanalysis System, version 4 (ORAS4), and other OHC-estimated rates of change are used to compare with model-based estimates of TOA energy imbalance [from the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4)] and with TOA satellite measurements for the year 2000 onward. Most ocean-only OHC analyses extend to only 700-m depth, have large discrepancies among the rates of change of OHC, and do not resolve interannual variability adequately to capture ENSO and volcanic eruption effects, all aspects that are improved with assimilation of multivariate data. ORAS4 rates of change of OHC quantitatively agree with the radiative forcing estimates of impacts of the three major volcanic eruptions since 1960 (Mt. Agung, 1963; El Chich{\'{o}}n, 1982; and Mt. Pinatubo, 1991). The natural variability of the energy imbalance is substantial from month to month, associated with cloud and weather variations, and interannually mainly associated with ENSO, while the sun affects 15{\%} of the climate change signal on decadal time scales. All estimates (OHC and TOA) show that over the past decade the energy imbalance ranges between about 0.5 and 1 W m−2. By using the full-depth ocean, there is a better overall accounting for energy, but discrepancies remain at interannual time scales between OHC- and TOA-based estimates, notably in 2008/09.},
author = {Trenberth, Kevin E. and Fasullo, John T. and Balmaseda, Magdalena A.},
doi = {10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00294.1},
issn = {0894-8755},
journal = {J. Clim.},
month = {may},
number = {9},
pages = {3129--3144},
title = {{Earth's Energy Imbalance}},
url = {http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00294.1},
volume = {27},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Sader1999,
abstract = {A method to determine the spring constant of a rectangular atomic force microscope cantilever is proposed that relies solely on the measurement of the resonant frequency and quality factor of the cantilever in fluid (typically air), and knowledge of its plan view dimensions. This method gives very good accuracy and improves upon the previous formulation by Sader et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 3789 (1995)] which, unlike the present method, requires knowledge of both the cantilever density and thickness. {\textcopyright} 1999 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Sader, John E. and Chon, James W. M. and Mulvaney, Paul},
doi = {10.1063/1.1150021},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Sader{\_}1.1150021.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {3967--3969},
title = {{Calibration of rectangular atomic force microscope cantilevers}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1150021},
volume = {70},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Sommerhalter2000,
abstract = {We present a detailed study of contact potential difference measurements in ultra high vacuum using Kelvin probe force microscopy. A dependence of the contact potential difference on the tip-sample distance was measured and is explained by an inhomogeneous work function of the highly doped silicon cantilever. On semiconducting samples the measured contact potential difference additionally depends on the AC sample voltage. By investigating this effect for different AC voltages and tip-sample distances, we can conclude that bias-induced bandbending has to be considered in a quantitative analysis of the contact potential difference on semiconductors. Using amplitude modulation detection of the electrostatic forces at the second resonance frequency, a high sensitivity can be achieved at low AC voltages. Spatially resolved contact potential difference measurements on submonolayer fullerene islands grown on graphite were used to determine the lateral resolution of approximately 20 nm.},
author = {Sommerhalter, Ch and Glatzel, Th and Matthes, Th W. and J{\"{a}}ger-Waldau, A. and Lux-Steiner, M. Ch},
doi = {10.1016/S0169-4332(99)00537-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sommerhalter et al. - 2000 - Kelvin probe force microscopy in ultra high vacuum using amplitude modulation detection of the electrostati.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {afm,contact potential difference,efm,kelvin probe,uhv,work function},
number = {4},
pages = {263--268},
title = {{Kelvin probe force microscopy in ultra high vacuum using amplitude modulation detection of the electrostatic forces}},
volume = {157},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Collins2013,
abstract = {Conventional Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) relies on closed loop (CL) bias feedback for the determination of surface potential (SP). However, SP measured by CL-KPFM has been shown to be strongly influenced by the choice of measurement parameters due to non-electrostatic contributions to the input signal of the bias feedback loop. This often leads to systematic errors of several hundred mV and can also result in topographical crosstalk. Here, open loop (OL)-KPFM modes are investigated as a means of obtaining a quantitative, crosstalk free measurement of the SP of graphene grown on Cu foil, and are directly contrasted with CL-KPFM. OL-KPFM operation is demonstrated in both single and multi-frequency excitation regimes, yielding quantitative SP measurements. The SP difference between single and multilayer graphene structures using OL-KPFM was found to be 63 ± 11 mV, consistent with values previously reported by CL-KPFM. Furthermore, the same relative potential difference between Al2O3-coated graphene and Al 2O3-coated Cu was observed using both CL and OL techniques. We observed an offset of 55 mV between absolute SP values obtained by OL and CL techniques, which is attributed to the influence of non-electrostatic contributions to the input of the bias feedback used in CL-KPFM. {\textcopyright} 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
annote = {Open loop KPFM for G mode KPFM (ORNL, Sep, Oct. 2023)},
author = {Collins, L. and Kilpatrick, J. I. and Weber, S A L and Tselev, A. and Vlassiouk, I. V. and Ivanov, I. N. and Jesse, S. and Kalinin, S. V. and Rodriguez, B. J.},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/24/47/475702},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/OL{\_}KPFM{\_}Collins{\_}2013{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}24{\_}475702.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {nov},
number = {47},
pages = {475702},
title = {{Open loop Kelvin probe force microscopy with single and multi-frequency excitation}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/24/47/475702},
volume = {24},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Berger2013,
abstract = {The application of electrical modes in scanning probe microscopy helps to understand the electrical function of materials that are structured on the nanometer scale. Scanning force microscopes are routinely used for the investigation of surface topography. Here we accentuate the use of electrical modes that are unique for the correlation of structural and electric information on a nanometer scale. This is particularly important for analyzing organic solar cell materials. A special focus is given to experiments aiming at the investigation of light-induced processes which requires the integration of an additional light source into the scanning force microscope setup. Furthermore, we address future challenges for scanning force microscopy investigation of electrical properties of soft matter materials. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Berger, R{\"{u}}diger and Domanski, Anna L. and Weber, Stefan A.L.},
doi = {10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.03.005},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Berger, Domanski, Weber - 2013 - Electrical characterization of organic solar cell materials based on scanning force microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00143057},
journal = {Eur. Polym. J.},
keywords = {Conductive scanning force microscopy,Degradation,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Photo-current AFM,Solar cell,Time resolved EFM},
number = {8},
pages = {1907--1915},
title = {{Electrical characterization of organic solar cell materials based on scanning force microscopy}},
volume = {49},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Lu2019,
abstract = {To understand the light enhanced moisture degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) material, we carry out a series of first principles calculations and find the decisive role played by the giant photostriction effect. The photostriction effect in MAPbI3 material changes the charge distribution and thus the bonding interactions between atoms. This effect enhances the adsorption and penetration of H2O molecules nearby the MAPbI3 surface after the above band gap illumination, which is ascribed to the alternation of bonding interactions between MA molecules, H2O molecules and PbI networks. Owing to the straightening of the PbI networks induced by the photostriction effect, the band gap of MAPbI3 decreases, leading to more photon absorption and thus self-accelerated photostriction processes. Hence the photostriction effect could accelerate the moisture decomposition of MAPbI3 perovskite under illumination. Therefore, to develop perovskite solar cells with strong moisture resistance, an effective strategy is to develop perovskite materials with no or a minor photostriction effect.},
annote = {Photostriction verursacht Sch{\"{a}}den am Gitter und sorgt f{\"{u}}r Degradation?},
author = {Lu, Ying Bo and Cong, Wei Yan and Guan, Chengbo and Sun, Hui and Xin, Yanqing and Wang, Kunlun and Song, Shumei},
doi = {10.1039/c9ta10443g},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lu et al. - 2019 - Light enhanced moisture degradation of perovskite solar cell material CH3NH3PbI3.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20507496},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {48},
pages = {27469--27474},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Light enhanced moisture degradation of perovskite solar cell material CH3NH3PbI3}},
volume = {7},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Zhang2019,
abstract = {Due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, metal halide perovskites have been intensively studied in recent years. The latest certificated efficiency of 23.3{\%} recently achieved in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) enables them to be used as a very promising candidate for next-generation photovoltaics. The morphology, defect density, and water resistance of perovskite films have an enormous impact on the performance and stability of PVSCs. Ligands, with coordinating capability, have been widely developed to improve the quality and stability of perovskite materials significantly. In the first section of this review, the role of ligands in fabricating perovskite films by different methods (one-step, two-step, and postdeposition treatment) is discussed. In the second section, the progress on ligand-passivated perovskites via post-treatment, in situ passivation during perovskite formation, and modifying the substrates before perovskite formation is reviewed. In the third section, a discussion of ligand-stabilized perovskite films from the perspectives of crystal crosslinking, dimensionality engineering, and interfacial modification is presented. Finally, a summary and an outlook are given.},
author = {Zhang, Hong and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja and Choy, Wallace C.H.},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201805702},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhang, Nazeeruddin, Choy - 2019 - Perovskite Photovoltaics The Significant Role of Ligands in Film Formation, Passivation, and Stability.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15214095},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {device stability,ligands,metal halide perovskites,passivation,perovskite solar cells},
number = {8},
pages = {1--29},
pmid = {30600558},
title = {{Perovskite Photovoltaics: The Significant Role of Ligands in Film Formation, Passivation, and Stability}},
volume = {31},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Reddy2011,
abstract = {In the present work, we have investigated the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of Au/SiO2/n-GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) Schottky diode and compared with Au/n-GaN metal-semiconductor (MS) Schottky diode. Calculations showed that the Schottky barrier height and ideality factor of the MS Schottky diode is 0.79 eV (I-V), 0.87 eV (C-V) and 1.45, respectively. It is observed that the Schottky barrier height increases to 0.86 eV (I-V), 0.99 eV (C-V) and ideality factor deceases to 1.3 for MIS diode. For the MS diode, the calculated doping concentration is 4.17 × 1017 cm-3. However, in the case of the MIS Schottky diode, the decrease in doping concentration is observed and the respective value is 2.08 × 1017 cm-3. The obtained carrier concentration of the MIS diode is reduced about 50{\%} when compared to the MS diode. The interface state density as determined by Terman's method is found to be 3.79 × 1012 and 3.41 × 1010 cm -2 eV-1 for the MS and MIS Schottky diodes, respectively. The calculated interface densities are 2.47 × 1011 cm -2 eV-1, 3.35 × 1011 cm-2 eV-1 and 3.5 × 1011 cm-2 eV-1 for the sweep rates of 300, 450 and 600 mV/s from MOS C-V measurements for the MIS Schottky diode. The interface state density calculated from Terman's method is found to be increased with sweep rate. From the C-V measurement, it is noted that the decrease in the carrier concentration in MIS diodes as compared to MS diode may be due to the presence of oxide interfacial layer. DLTS measurements have also been performed on MIS Schottky diode and discussed. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Reddy, V. Rajagopal and Reddy, M. Siva Pratap and Lakshmi, B. Prasanna and Kumar, A. Ashok},
doi = {10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.05.055},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reddy et al. - 2011 - Electrical characterization of Aun-GaN metal-semiconductor and AuSiO 2n-GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor structur.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09258388},
journal = {J. Alloys Compd.},
keywords = {DLTS measurements,Electrical characteristics,Interface state density,Metal-insulator- semiconductor,Metal-semiconductor,n-Type GaN},
month = {aug},
number = {31},
pages = {8001--8007},
title = {{Electrical characterization of Au/n-GaN metal–semiconductor and Au/SiO2/n-GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor structures}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925838811011510},
volume = {509},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Futscher2019SI,
abstract = {We quantify activation energy, concentration, and diffusion coefficient of mobile ions in MAPbI 3 perovskite solar cells using transient ion-drift measurements.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1801.08519},
author = {Futscher, Moritz H. and Lee, Ju Min and McGovern, Lucie and Muscarella, Loreta A. and Wang, Tianyi and Haider, Muhammad Irfan and Fakharuddin, Azhar and Schmidt-Mende, Lukas and Ehrler, Bruno},
doi = {10.1039/C9MH00445A},
eprint = {1801.08519},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SI{\_}Futscher2019{\_}c9mh00445a1.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2051-6347},
journal = {Mater. Horizons},
number = {7},
pages = {1497--1503},
title = {{SI: Quantification of ion migration in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells by transient capacitance measurements}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00445A},
volume = {6},
year = {2019}
}
@incollection{MacLeod1998,
author = {MacLeod, Paula J. and Hamer, Gordon K. and Lukose, Pushpamma and Georges, Michael K.},
doi = {10.1021/bk-1998-0704.ch003},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/2019{\_}Book{\_}FunctionalPolymers.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783319959863},
month = {may},
pages = {28--37},
title = {{Functional Polymers:}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bk-1998-0704.ch003},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Ma2020,
abstract = {Since the first report on the ∼10{\%} efficient solid-state perovskite solar cell (PSC) in 2012, perovskite photovoltaics surged swiftly. Although there has been a quantum leap in the power conversion efficiency (PCE), stability has still been an issue despite considerable progress in material and device stability. In this report, we propose a paradoxical approach for improving the stability of perovskite against moisture, which is a surface treatment of perovskite film with hydrophilic 2-aminoethanol hydroiodide (2AEI) or 4-amino-1-butanol hydroiodide (4ABI). The post-treated hydrophilic materials protect effectively the underneath perovskite layer from moisture because water molecules are absorbed by the hydrophilic layer. Over 90{\%} of the initial PCE is retained after 1000 h stored under relative humidity of ∼20{\%}, while a faster degradation is monitored from the untreated perovskite layer. The surface anchored hydrophilic materials are found to improve PCE simultaneously, leading to a value of 23.25{\%}, due to lowered trap-state distribution by passivating surface defects. S ince the seminal works by Miyasaka et al. and Park et al., organic−inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great potential for the future photovoltaic field due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and simple solution processability. 1−6 However, these perovskites are unstable under stimuli of moisture, high temperature, and electric field due to their ionic nature (i.e., weak bonds between organic cations and inorganic components). 7−11 This intrinsic instability imposes a challenge for the long-term application of PSCs, which may hinder their commercializa-tion. Efforts to improve the stability of PSCs have focused on hydrophobic passivation agents, which can protect the perovskite by repulsing water molecules. 12−14 These hydro-phobic passivation agents are typically organic materials featuring the combination of functional groups and nonpolar hydrophobic parts, which can be attached to the perovskite by the functional group and improve water resistance by the hydrophobic tail. 15−19 For example, C 60 , thiophene, pyridine, theophylline, alkylalkoxysilane, polymers, and their derivatives have been reported to improve the stability of PSCs. 20−30 Since hydrophobicity is improved by extending aliphatic carbon chain length, the passivation with such hydrophobic materials in between a perovskite layer and a charge transporting layer (hole or electron transporting layer) may increase an interfacial resistance due to enhanced insulating property at the interface. Thus, a novel concept is required in the interface engineering, where the interfacial materials are designed to have not only moisture-protection ability but also less insulating property. Here, we report a new strategy to improve the stability of perovskite by using hydrophilic materials of 2-aminoethanol hydroiodide (2AEI) or 4-amino-1-butanol hydroiodide (4ABI), which uptake water molecules, and thereby, perovskite can avoid a direct interaction with water. Besides, the hydrophilic materials passivate the perovskite surface defects by strong bonding with undercoordinated centers. Unprecedentedly , both stability and efficiency are substantially improved, where PCE increases from 21.54{\%} for control PSC to 23.25{\%} after treatment and the 1000 h-stability test confirms that the presence of hydrophilic cations on the perovskite maintains over 90{\%} of the initial PCE. As far as we},
author = {Ma, Chunqing and Park, Nam-Gyu},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01848},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ma, Park - 2020 - Paradoxical Approach with a Hydrophilic Passivation Layer for Moisture-Stable, 23{\%} Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
number = {10},
pages = {3268--3275},
title = {{Paradoxical Approach with a Hydrophilic Passivation Layer for Moisture-Stable, 23{\%} Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {5},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Guggisberg2000,
abstract = {Quantitative measurements of frequency shift vs distance curves of ultrahigh-vacuum force microscopy in a noncontact mode are presented. Different contributions from electrostatic, van der Waals, and chemical interactions are determined by a systematic procedure. First, long-range electrostatic interactions are eliminated by compensating for the contact potential difference between the probing tip and the sample. Second, the long-range van der Waals contribution is determined by fitting the data for distances between 1 and 6 nm. Third, the van der Waals part is subtracted from the interaction curves. The remaining part corresponds to the short-range chemical interaction, and is found to decrease exponentially. A Morse potential is used to fit these data. The determined parameters indicate that the interaction potential between single atoms can be measured by force microscopy in a noncontact mode. {\textcopyright} 2000 The American Physical Society.},
author = {Guggisberg, M. and Bammerlin, M. and Loppacher, Ch and Pfeiffer, O. and Abdurixit, A. and Barwich, V. and Bennewitz, R. and Baratoff, A. and Meyer, E. and G{\"{u}}ntherodt, H.-J.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.61.11151},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Guggisberg{\_}from{\_}Law{\_}PhysRevB.61.11151.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {apr},
number = {16},
pages = {11151--11155},
title = {{Separation of interactions by noncontact force microscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.11151},
volume = {61},
year = {2000}
}
@phdthesis{Leuschen2022,
author = {Leuschen, Noah},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Bachelorarbeit signed{\_}Noah{\_}Leuschen{\_}read.pdf:pdf},
pages = {42},
school = {Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz},
title = {{Microscopic degradation of perovskite thin films}},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Strelcov2013,
abstract = {A scanning probe microscopy-based technique for probing local ionic and electronic transport and their dynamic behavior on the 10 ms to 10 s scale is presented. The time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (tr-KPFM) allows mapping of surface potential in both space and time domains, visualizing electronic and ionic charge dynamics and separating underlying processes based on their time responses. Here, tr-KPFM is employed to explore the interplay of the adsorbed surface ions and bulk oxygen vacancies and their role in the resistive switching in a Ca-substituted bismuth ferrite thin film. {\textcopyright} 2013 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Strelcov, Evgheni and Jesse, Stephen and Huang, Yen Lin and Teng, Yung Chun and Kravchenko, Ivan I. and Chu, Ying Hao and Kalinin, Sergei V.},
doi = {10.1021/nn4017873},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/nn4017873.pdf:pdf},
issn = {19360851},
journal = {ACS Nano},
keywords = {Ca-BFO,KPFM,ionic dynamics,oxygen vacancy,surface potential distribution},
number = {8},
pages = {6806--6815},
title = {{Space- and time-resolved mapping of ionic dynamic and electroresistive phenomena in lateral devices}},
volume = {7},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Wehrenfennig2014,
author = {Wehrenfennig, Christian and Liu, Mingzhen and Snaith, Henry J. and Johnston, Michael B. and Herz, Laura M.},
doi = {10.1021/jz500434p},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {apr},
number = {8},
pages = {1300--1306},
title = {{Homogeneous Emission Line Broadening in the Organo Lead Halide Perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3– x Cl x}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz500434p},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Kolavada2024,
abstract = {In recent years, supercapacitors have become essential in energy storage applications. Electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) are known for their impressive energy storage capabilities. With technological advancements, researchers have turned to advanced computer techniques to improve the materials used in EDLCs. Quantum capacitance (QC), an often-overlooked factor, has emerged as a crucial player in enhancing energy storage. This comprehensive review explores quantum capacitance across various nano-materials, focusing on sustainable energy solutions. The investigation delves into adsorption phenomena, atom manipulation, surface treatments, multi-layer structures, hetero structure and strain effects. Here, we specifically review pristine materials like graphene, borophene, silicene, phosphorene, iodinene, and members of the maxene family, along with carbon nanotubes (CNT), to provide a detailed understanding of their quantum capacitance characteristics. Atom-doped materials exhibit significant enhancements in quantum capacitance, while multi-layered structures show the potential for increased energy storage. Precise material engineering through strain modifications further optimizes electrode performance. Surface treatments play a vital role in fine-tuning capacitance properties, enhancing the versatility of supercapacitors. The outcome show the practical significance of these findings in the context of green energy solutions. The insights presented here offer invaluable guidance for designing next-generation energy storage devices as the world transitions to sustainable energy systems.},
author = {Kolavada, Himalay and Gajjar, P.N. and Gupta, Sanjeev K.},
doi = {10.1016/j.est.2023.110354},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S2352152X23037532-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2352152X},
journal = {J. Energy Storage},
keywords = {2D materials,Adsorption,Atom doping,Computational methods,Electrical double-layer capacitors,Heterostructure,Multi-layered,Quantum capacitance,Strain,Surface functionalization,Vacancy},
month = {mar},
number = {January},
pages = {110354},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Unraveling quantum capacitance in supercapacitors: Energy storage applications}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.110354 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352152X23037532},
volume = {81},
year = {2024}
}
@article{Biberger2009,
abstract = {In this study a displacement current capacitance sensor (DCCS) for scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) is introduced. It can be used for both intermittent contact (IC) and contact-SCM operation. Based on I/V conversion and subsequent lock-in amplification a displacement current can be detected and used as a measure for dopant concentration. Therefore a periodic variation of the AFM tip substrate capacitance is required. This can be achieved either by a periodic tip oscillation (IC-SCM) or an applied AC voltage between tip and sample (contact-SCM). The advantage of the DCCS is the linearity, which makes it possible to detect absolute dopant concentrations. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
annote = {IC-SCM

DCCS Sensor statt normalem Resonanzkreislauf sensoren

sollte mal getestet werden},
author = {Biberger, Roland and Benstetter, Guenther and Goebel, Holger},
doi = {10.1016/j.microrel.2009.07.007},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Biberger, Benstetter, Goebel - 2009 - Displacement current sensor for contact and intermittent contact scanning capacitance microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00262714},
journal = {Microelectron. Reliab.},
month = {sep},
number = {9-11},
pages = {1192--1195},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Displacement current sensor for contact and intermittent contact scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2009.07.007 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0026271409002352},
volume = {49},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Asami2002,
abstract = {This article describes applications of dielectric spectroscopy to heterogeneous systems, such as particle suspensions, membranes in liquids and composite materials. Heterogeneous systems including interfaces show dielectric relaxation due to interfacial polarization. Theories for interfacial polarization in two-, three- and multi-phase systems are summarized and technical developments in dielectric spectroscopy are also described. Practical applications to artificial and biological membrane systems and colloidal suspensions including biological cells are presented. {\textcopyright} 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
annote = {Review},
author = {Asami, Koji},
doi = {10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00015-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0079670002000151-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00796700},
journal = {Prog. Polym. Sci.},
keywords = {Colloidal particles,Dielectric relaxation,Dielectric spectroscopy,Heterogeneous systems,Interfacial polarization,Membranes},
month = {oct},
number = {8},
pages = {1617--1659},
title = {{Characterization of heterogeneous systems by dielectric spectroscopy}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0079670002000151},
volume = {27},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Herruzo2014,
annote = {[23]},
author = {Herruzo, Elena T. and Perrino, Alma P. and Garcia, Ricardo},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms4126},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {3126},
title = {{Fast nanomechanical spectroscopy of soft matter}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms4126},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Song2015a,
abstract = {We reported a planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell fabricated from MAPbI3−xClx perovskite precursor solution containing 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) additive. The MAPbI3−xClx perovskite films have been characterized by UV-vis, SEM, XRD, and steady-state photoluminescence (PL). UV-vis absorption spectra measurement shows that the absorbance of the film with CN additive is significantly higher than the pristine film and the absorption peak is red shift by 30 nm, indicating the perovskite film with additive possessing better crystal structures. In-situ XRD study of the perovskite films with additive demonstrated intense diffraction peaks from MAPbI3−xClx perovskite crystal planes of (110), (220), and (330). SEM images of the films with additive indicated the films were more smooth and homogenous with fewer pin-holes and voids and better surface coverage than the pristine films. These results implied that the additive CN is beneficial to regulate the crystallization transformation kinetics of perovskite to form high quality crystal films. The steady-state PL measurement suggested that the films with additive contained less charge traps and defects. The planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells fabricated from perovskite precursor solution containing CN additive demonstrated 30{\%} enhancement in performance compared to the devices with pristine films. The improvement in device efficiency is mainly attributed to the good crystal structures, more homogenous film morphology, and also fewer trap centers and defects in the films with the additive.},
annote = {Zusammenfassung mehrerer Methoden zur gl{\"{a}}ttung von MAPbI3-Oberfl{\"{a}}chen;},
author = {Song, Xin and Wang, Weiwei and Sun, Po and Ma, Wanli and Chen, Zhi Kuan},
doi = {10.1063/1.4906073},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Song et al. - 2015 - Additive to regulate the perovskite crystal film growth in planar heterojunction solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
number = {3},
title = {{Additive to regulate the perovskite crystal film growth in planar heterojunction solar cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4906073},
volume = {106},
year = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{Xu2009,
abstract = {Dielectric spectroscopy is an important parameter for polymer insulating material. Because of measuring principle and the different measurement methods, the actual measurement results of the same material have deviations. This gives difficulties to study insulating polymer. In order to get a reasonable measurement results, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was measured by Agilent 16451B electrodes system and Agilent 4294A Precision Impedance Analyzer through a variety of measurement methods. In our study, some methods are tried to measure the spectroscopy for polymer, including contact method, non-contact method. From our comparison, non-contact method is more suitable for measuring the dielectric spectroscopy of polymer dielectrics {\textcopyright} 2009 IEEE.},
annote = {classical bulk dielectric sprectroscopy

contact vs dynamic (non-contact) mode},
author = {Xu, Hairu and Zhang, Yewen and Zheng, Feihu},
booktitle = {2009 IEEE 9th Int. Conf. Prop. Appl. Dielectr. Mater.},
doi = {10.1109/ICPADM.2009.5252247},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Study{\_}on{\_}measuring{\_}method{\_}of{\_}dielectric{\_}spectroscopy{\_}for{\_}polymer{\_}dielectrics.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-4244-4367-3},
keywords = {Dielectric,Non-contact method,Spectroscopy},
month = {jul},
pages = {922--925},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Study on measuring method of dielectric spectroscopy for polymer dielectrics}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5252247/},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Giessibl2000,
abstract = {Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy is a method for imaging the surface of metals, semiconductors and insulators in ultrahigh vacuum with true atomic resolution. The imaging signal in this technique is the frequency shift (Formula presented) of an oscillating cantilever with eigenfrequency (Formula presented) spring constant k and amplitude A, which is subject to tip-sample forces (Formula presented) Here, we present analytical results of (Formula presented) for several basic classes of (Formula presented) With these results, a method to calculate images is derived and demonstrated with an example. {\textcopyright} 2000 The American Physical Society.},
author = {Giessibl, Franz J. and Bielefeldt, Hartmut},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.61.9968},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PhysRevB.61.9968.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {apr},
number = {15},
pages = {9968--9971},
title = {{Physical interpretation of frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.9968},
volume = {61},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Kopanski1997,
abstract = {Scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) images of a semiconductor have contrast that is sensitive to variations in dopant density and spatial resolution on the order of the tip radius, approximately 10 nm. SCMs can be operated in a direct-capacitance, a constant-voltage-difference (open loop), or a constant-capacitance-difference (closed loop) mode. A fast and accurate formalism to convert SCM images to quantitative two-dimensional (2-D) dopant profiles, using either a 1-D model extended to 2-D (quasi-2-D model) or a full 2-D, finite element, numerical solution of Poisson's equation, has been developed. Measurements on silicon junctions are used to illustrate the effect of the SCM operating conditions on the quality of the image. For the first time with the SCM, dopant variations of GaAs pn-junctions have been imaged. {\textcopyright} 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.},
author = {Kopanski, Joseph J. and Marchiando, Jay F. and Lowney, Jeremiah R.},
doi = {10.1016/S0921-5107(96)01797-7},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0921510796017977-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09215107},
journal = {Mater. Sci. Eng. B},
keywords = {Dopant profiles,Semiconductors,Silicon},
month = {feb},
number = {1-3},
pages = {46--51},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy applied to two-dimensional dopant profiling of semiconductors}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921510796017977},
volume = {44},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Labuda2016,
abstract = {A method is presented for calibrating the higher eigenmodes (resonant modes) of atomic force microscopy cantilevers that can be performed prior to any tip-sample interaction. The method leverages recent efforts in accurately calibrating the first eigenmode by providing the higher-mode stiffness as a ratio to the first mode stiffness. A one-time calibration routine must be performed for every cantilever type to determine a power-law relationship between stiffness and frequency, which is then stored for future use on similar cantilevers. Then, future calibrations only require a measurement of the ratio of resonant frequencies and the stiffness of the first mode. This method is verified through stiffness measurements using three independent approaches: interferometric measurement, AC approach-curve calibration, and finite element analysis simulation. Power-law values for calibrating higher-mode stiffnesses are reported for several cantilever models. Once the higher-mode stiffnesses are known, the amplitude of each mode can also be calibrated from the thermal spectrum by application of the equipartition theorem.},
annote = {higher eigenmodes of cantilver?},
author = {Labuda, Aleksander and Kocun, Marta and Lysy, Martin and Walsh, Tim and Meinhold, Jieh and Proksch, Tania and Meinhold, Waiman and Anderson, Caleb and Proksch, Roger},
doi = {10.1063/1.4955122},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4955122.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {073705},
title = {{Calibration of higher eigenmodes of cantilevers}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4955122 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4955122},
volume = {87},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Li2008,
abstract = {In this study a total of 186 complex halide systems were collected; the formabilities of ABX3 (X = F, Cl, Br and I) halide perovskites were investigated using the empirical structure map, which was constructed by Goldschmidt's tolerance factor and the octahedral factor. A model for halide perovskite formability was built up. In this model obtained, for all 186 complex halides systems, only one system (CsF-MnF2) without perovskite structure and six systems (RbF-PbF2, CsF-BeF2, KCl-FeCl22, TlI-MnI2, RbI-SnI2, TlI-PbI22) with perovskite structure were wrongly classified, so its predicting accuracy reaches 96{\%}. It is also indicated that both the tolerance factor and the octahedral factor are a necessary but not sufficient condition for ABX3 halide perovskite formability, and a lowest limit of the octahedral factor exists for halide perovskite formation. This result is consistent with our previous report for ABO3 oxide perovskite, and may be helpful to design novel halide materials with the perovskite structure. {\textcopyright} International Union of Crystallography 2008.},
annote = {Quelle 71 Alex Klasen},
author = {Li, Chonghea and Lu, Xionggang and Ding, Weizhong and Feng, Liming and Gao, Yonghui and Guo, Ziming},
doi = {10.1107/S0108768108032734},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Li et al. - 2008 - Formability of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) halide perovskites.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01087681},
journal = {Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B Struct. Sci.},
keywords = {Halide perovskites,Octahedral factor,Tolerance factor},
number = {6},
pages = {702--707},
title = {{Formability of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) halide perovskites}},
volume = {64},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Shan2019,
abstract = {For perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the surface traps of perovskite films have great influence on the charge carrier behavior at the interface of perovskite and charge transport layers. In this investigation, a 248 nm KrF excimer laser with high photon energy and shallow penetration depth is introduced to perform surface modification on the CH3NH3PbI3 film through irradiation for reducing its surface trap density for the first time. A whole excimer laser surface modification (ELSM) process can be completed in few seconds, and the actual interaction time of the excimer laser and perovskite film is only several hundred nanoseconds. After ELSM, the trap density of the CH3NH3PbI3 film decreases from 1.61 × 1016 cm−3 to 5.81 × 1015 cm−3, and the nonradiative recombination is suppressed effectively. As a result, the open-circuit voltage and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CH3NH3PbI3-based PSCs increase from 1082 ± 27 to 1117 ± 16 mV and from 16.69{\%} ± 0.77{\%} to 18.50{\%} ± 0.65{\%}, respectively, and the PCE of the champion device reaches 19.38{\%}. In addition, the measured larger charge recombination resistance, slower open-circuit photovoltage decay, and longer charge recombination lifetime confirm the effective suppression effect of ELSM on the charge carrier recombination in PSCs.},
author = {Shan, Xueyan and Wang, Shimao and Dong, Weiwei and Pan, Ning and Shao, Jingzhen and Wang, Xiangqi and Tao, Ruhua and Deng, Zanhong and Hu, Linhua and Kong, Fantai and Meng, Gang and Fang, Xiaodong},
doi = {10.1002/solr.201900020},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Shan et al. - 2019 - Flash Surface Treatment of CH3NH3PbI3 Films Using 248 nm KrF Excimer Laser Enhances the Performance of Perovskite S.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2367-198X},
journal = {Sol. RRL},
keywords = {excimer lasers,organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites,surface modification,trap densities},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {1900020},
title = {{Flash Surface Treatment of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Films Using 248 nm KrF Excimer Laser Enhances the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/solr.201900020},
volume = {3},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Liu2021,
abstract = {Quasi‐2D perovskites have long been considered to have favorable “energy funnel/cascade” structures and excellent optical properties compared with their 3D counterparts. However, most quasi‐2D perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) exhibit high external quantum efficiency (EQE) but unsatisfactory operating stability due to Auger recombination induced by high current density. Herein, a synergetic dual‐additive strategy is adopted to prepare perovskite films with low defect density and high environmental stability by using 18‐crown‐6 and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (MPEG‐MAA) as the additives. The dual additives containing COC bonds can not only effectively reduce the perovskite defects but also destroy the self‐aggregation of organic ligands, inducing the formation of perovskite nanocrystals with quasi‐core/shell structure. After thermal annealing, the MPEG‐MAA with its CC bond can be polymerized to obtain a comb‐like polymer, further protecting the passivated perovskite nanocrystals against water and oxygen. Finally, state‐of‐the‐art green PeLEDs with a normal EQE of 25.2{\%} and a maximum EQE of 28.1{\%} are achieved, and the operating lifetime ( T 50 ) of the device in air environment is over ten times increased, providing a novel and effective strategy to make high efficiency and long operating lifetime PeLEDs.},
annote = {[10] of {\{}Yudco2023{\}}},
author = {Liu, Zhe and Qiu, Weidong and Peng, Xiaomei and Sun, Guanwei and Liu, Xinyan and Liu, Denghui and Li, Zhenchao and He, Fangru and Shen, Chenyang and Gu, Qing and Ma, Fulong and Yip, Hin‐Lap and Hou, Lintao and Qi, Zhengjian and Su, Shi‐Jian},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202103268},
issn = {0935-9648},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
month = {oct},
number = {43},
pages = {2103268--1 -- 2103268--9},
title = {{Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with EQE Exceeding 28{\%} through a Synergetic Dual‐Additive Strategy for Defect Passivation and Nanostructure Regulation}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202103268},
volume = {33},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Rabaia2020,
abstract = {The annual increases in global energy consumption, along with its environmental issues and concerns, are playing significant roles in the massive sustainable and renewable global transmission of energy. Solar energy systems have been grabbing most attention among all the other renewable energy systems throughout the last decade. However, even renewable energies can have some adverse environmental repercussions; therefore, further attention and proper precautional procedures should be given. This paper discusses in detail the environmental impacts of several commercial and emerging solar energy systems at both small- and utility-scales. The study expands to some of the related advances, as well as some of the essential elements in their systems. The approach follows all the stages, starting with the designs, then throughout their manufacturing, materials, construction or installation phases, and over operation lifetime and decommissioning. Specific solutions for most systems such as waste minimization and recycling are discussed, alongside with some technically and ecologically favorable recommendations for mitigating the impacts.},
annote = {Intro MA},
author = {Rabaia, Malek Kamal Hussien and Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali and Sayed, Enas Taha and Elsaid, Khaled and Chae, Kyu-Jung and Wilberforce, Tabbi and Olabi, A.G.},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141989},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rabaia et al. - 2020 - Environmental impacts of solar energy systems A review.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00489697},
journal = {Sci. Total Environ.},
keywords = {Climate change,Emerging solar PV technologies,Environmental impacts,Life-cycle assessments,Solar PV systems,Solar thermal systems},
month = {feb},
pages = {141989},
pmid = {32920388},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Environmental impacts of solar energy systems: A review}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141989 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720355182},
volume = {754},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pang2019,
abstract = {Organic semiconductor materials have been applied diffusely in photoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, etc. Defect states in energy gap are one of most significant physical parameters affecting the charge transport in organic devices. Hence, investigating defect states plays a vital role for improving device performance. As one of the most widely applied method of investigating defect states in organic materials, capacitance measurements mainly include capacitance-voltage, capacitance-frequency, forward bias capacitance-voltage and so on, however these measurements have not been comprehensively interpreted and even have not been used properly in detection range. Therefore, in this review, the theory of each capacitance measurement and its application in organic semiconductor are compiled. The comparison of advantages and disadvantages among these different capacitance measurements and detailed description of their detecting range have been carried out. And a following outlook comprising the future developments of capacitance measurement is given. In the end, a table including characteristics for each capacitance measurement is created so as to be understood and used by researchers.},
author = {Pang, Hu-Sheng and Xu, Hui and Tang, Chao and Meng, Ling-Kun and Ding, Yan and Xiao, Jing and Liu, Rui-Lan and Pang, Zong-Qiang and Huang, Wei},
doi = {10.1016/j.orgel.2018.09.025},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S1566119918304907-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15661199},
journal = {Org. Electron.},
keywords = {Capacitance measurements,Charge transport,Defect states,Organic materials},
month = {feb},
number = {September 2018},
pages = {275--299},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Capacitance methodology for investigating defect states in energy gap of organic semiconductor}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2018.09.025 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1566119918304907},
volume = {65},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Butt2021,
abstract = {Benetzungsvorg{\"{a}}nge begegnen uns st{\"{a}}ndig im t{\"{a}}g- lichen Leben – zu den typischen Anwendungen geh{\"{o}}ren das Beschichten, Drucken, Verteilen von Herbiziden und Insektiziden sowie das Beschlagen von Glasscheiben. Bei der Anreicherung von Mineralien durch Flotation sowie beim L{\"{o}}ten und Schmieren treten sie ebenso auf wie beim Benetzen von Textilien und Filtern. Den- noch ist die dynamische Benetzung sowohl qualitativ als auch quantitativ nur unzureichend verstanden. Um diese Prozesse besser zu verstehen, ist es notwendig, die Physik nahe der Kontaktlinie, an der Fl{\"{u}}ssigkeit, Festk{\"{o}}rper und Gas aufeinandertreffen, zu betrachten.},
author = {Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Butt{\_}Berger{\_}Physik{\_}Journal{\_}2021.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Phys. J.},
number = {4},
pages = {29--34},
title = {{Treffen sich drei Phasen ...}},
volume = {20},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Raineri2002,
abstract = {Scanning Capacitance Microscopy has been applied to determine quantitative measurements on carrier profiling in SiC. The direct inversion method has been used in order to perform the conversion of the SCM raw data to carrier concentration profiles. The method takes advantage on an extended database of capacitance-to-voltage curves calculated by solving the Poisson equation for the metal-insulator-semiconductor system. The method has been employed to obtain carrier profiles on Al and N implanted samples. The carrier concentration profiles have been compared with results obtained by transmission electron microscopy to correlate the dopant activation with the defect presence. {\textcopyright} 2002 Trans Tech Publications.},
author = {Raineri, V. and Giannazzo, F. and Calcagno, L. and Musumeci, P. and Roccaforte, F. and {La Via}, F.},
doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.389-393.655},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/MSF.389-393.655.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16629752},
journal = {Mater. Sci. Forum},
keywords = {Carrier profiling,Dopant activation,Ion implantation,Scanning capacitance microscopy},
number = {1},
pages = {655--658},
title = {{Quantitative high-resolution two-dimensional profiling of SiC by scanning capacitance microscopy}},
volume = {389-393},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Li2018a,
abstract = {Photocharge accumulation and recombination in perovskite solar cells have been systematically investigated in this paper by electrochemical spectroscopy and transient photocurrent/photovoltage methods. It is found that the non-equilibrium photocharges stored in the selective charge transport layers follow a backward recombination mechanism. That is, the photocharges are first captured by the interface defects corresponding to the fast photovoltage decay, while the bulk charge recombination instead of the diffusion process dominates the slow photovoltage decay process. Further investigation reveals that the device degradation preferentially takes place at the interface under working conditions, which thus can confirm the importance of interface engineering to enhance the device stability.},
author = {Li, Yusheng and Li, Yiming and Shi, Jiangjian and Li, Hongshi and Zhang, Huiyin and Wu, Jionghua and Li, Dongmei and Luo, Yanhong and Wu, Huijue and Meng, Qingbo},
doi = {10.1063/1.5009040},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Li et al. - 2018 - Photocharge accumulation and recombination in perovskite solar cells regarding device performance and stability.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {jan},
number = {5},
pages = {053904},
title = {{Photocharge accumulation and recombination in perovskite solar cells regarding device performance and stability}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5009040 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5009040},
volume = {112},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Varol2008,
abstract = {We investigate nano scanning in tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) under quality (Q) control via numerical simulations performed in SIMULINK. We focus on the simulation of the whole scan process rather than the simulation of cantilever dynamics and the force interactions between the probe tip and the surface alone, as in most of the earlier numerical studies. This enables us to quantify the scan performance under Q control for different scan settings. Using the numerical simulations, we first investigate the effect of the elastic modulus of the sample (relative to the substrate surface) and probe stiffness on the scan results. Our numerical simulations show that scanning in an attractive regime using soft cantilevers with high effective Q factor (Qeff) results in a better image quality. We then demonstrate the trade-off in setting Qeff of the probe in Q control: low values of Qeff cause an increase in tapping forces while higher ones limit the maximum achievable scan speed due to the slow response of the cantilever to the rapid changes in surface profile. Finally, we show that it is possible to achieve higher scan speeds without causing an increase in the tapping forces using adaptive Q control (AQC), in which the Q factor of the probe is changed instantaneously depending on the magnitude of the error signal in oscillation amplitude. The scan performance of AQC is quantitatively compared to that of standard Q control using iso-error curves obtained from numerical simulations first and then the results are validated through scan experiments performed using a physical set-up. {\textcopyright} IOP Publishing Ltd.},
annote = {Q-factor [12] from [Perez-Cruz2012]},
author = {Varol, A. and Gunev, I. and Orun, B. and Basdogan, C.},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/19/7/075503},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Q{\_}factor{\_}Varol{\_}2008{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}19{\_}075503.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {feb},
number = {7},
pages = {075503},
title = {{Numerical simulation of nano scanning in intermittent-contact mode AFM under Q control}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/19/7/075503},
volume = {19},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Wang2020b,
abstract = {As for the dynamics of a photovoltaic device, persistent photovoltage, generally implying long-lived charge carriers, is expected. Although in the observation of open-circuit photovoltage decay in perovskite devices an ultraslow process is often reported, the understandings and discussions are never short of arguments. The mobile ions are usually speculated to be responsible for the long-lived dynamics; however, the perovskite is proved to be an ionic conductor, and the ionic-electronic contribution is not easy to be distinguished. The present work provides an innovative transient optoelectronic method to investigate the ultraslow dynamics exempting the interference of an electronic contribution, which shows direct evidence that the long-lived photovoltage decay process should be assigned to the diffusion dynamics of the mobile ions rather than the charge carrier recombination, and the diffusion lifetime is estimated to be 1.45 s in a planar-structured perovskite device. These conclusions are drawn according to systematic investigations of an unreported voltage recovery response after photogenerated charges are completely exhausted during charge extraction measurement. This work could pave the way for a deeper understanding of the slow dynamics in perovskite solar cells.},
author = {Wang, Hao-Yi and Zhao, Jia-Shang and Li, Yusheng and Zou, Yu-Qing and Yu, Man and Hao, Ming-Yang and Li, Yiming and Li, Hongshi and Qin, Yujun and Mu, Cheng and Li, Dongmei and Ai, Xi-Cheng and Meng, Qingbo and Zhang, Jian-Ping},
doi = {10.1021/acsaem.0c00908},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wang et al. - 2020 - Diffusion Dynamics of Mobile Ions Hidden in Transient Optoelectronic Measurement in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2574-0962},
journal = {ACS Appl. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {energy conversion,kinetics,mobile ions,optoelectronic transients,perovskite solar cells},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {8330--8337},
title = {{Diffusion Dynamics of Mobile Ions Hidden in Transient Optoelectronic Measurement in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c00908},
volume = {3},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Furlan2018,
author = {Furlan, Claudia and Mortarino, Cinzia},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.284},
issn = {13640321},
journal = {Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.},
month = {jan},
pages = {1879--1886},
title = {{Forecasting the impact of renewable energies in competition with non-renewable sources}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032117309322},
volume = {81},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Volinsky2003,
abstract = {The semiconductor industry is gradually moving from well-established Al/SiO2 technology to the new Cu/low-k interconnects, which brings a challenge in terms of poor thermal and/or mechanical properties of low-K dielectric films. Extensive nanoindentation studies have been undertaken on organo-silicate glass (OSG) low-K films to explore their mechanical and fracture properties. A cube corner indentation method was used to measure the fracture toughness of the OSG films, which ranges from 0.01 to 0.05 MPa{\textperiodcentered}m1/2. Film fracture was also observed during superlayer indentation adhesion testing. Interfacial cracks kinked into the film itself, indicating competition between adhesive and cohesive failure mechanisms. Given that the crack propagates through the low-K, critical stress intensities on the order of 0.05 MPa{\textperiodcentered}m1/2 are estimated. This is also consistent with the upper bound calculations of 0.06 MPa{\textperiodcentered}m1/2, based on spontaneous film fracture at a critical film thickness of 3 $\mu$m due to tensile residual film stress relief. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Volinsky, Alex A. and Vella, Joseph B. and Gerberich, William W.},
doi = {10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00406-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/er{\_}Sio2{\_}1-s2.0-S0040609003004061-main.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Volinsky, Vella, Gerberich - 2003 - Fracture toughness, adhesion and mechanical properties of low-K dielectric thin films measured by na.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00406090},
journal = {Thin Solid Films},
keywords = {Adhesion,Fracture toughness,Low-k dielectrics,Mechanical properties,Nanoindentation},
month = {apr},
number = {1-2},
pages = {201--210},
title = {{Fracture toughness, adhesion and mechanical properties of low-K dielectric thin films measured by nanoindentation}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040609003004061},
volume = {429},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Huang2020,
abstract = {Efficient electron transport layer–free perovskite solar cells (ETL-free PSCs) with cost-effective and simplified design can greatly promote the large area flexible application of PSCs. However, the absence of ETL usually leads to the mismatched indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface energy levels, which limits charge transfer and collection, and results in severe energy loss and poor device performance. To address this, a polar nonconjugated small-molecule modifier is introduced to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment by virtue of an inherent dipole, as verified by photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The resultant barrier-free ITO/perovskite contact favors efficient charge transfer and suppresses nonradiative recombination, endowing the device with enhanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and fill factor, simultaneously. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency increases greatly from 12.81{\%} to a record breaking 20.55{\%}, comparable to state-of-the-art PSCs with a sophisticated ETL. Also, the stability is enhanced with decreased hysteresis effect due to interface defect passivation and inhibited interface charge accumulation. This work facilitates the further development of highly efficient, flexible, and recyclable ETL-free PSCs with simplified design and low cost by interface electronic structure engineering through facile electrode modification.},
annote = {KPFM Paul Fa{\ss}l (KIT)},
author = {Huang, Like and Zhang, Danli and Bu, Shixiao and Peng, Ruixiang and Wei, Qiang and Ge, Ziyi},
doi = {10.1002/advs.201902656},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Huang et al. - 2020 - Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple-Struct.pdf:pdf},
issn = {21983844},
journal = {Adv. Sci.},
keywords = {electron transport layers,energy level alignment,nonconjugated small molecules,perovskite solar cells,work function},
number = {6},
title = {{Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple-Structured Perovskite Solar Cell}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yin2014,
abstract = {Thin-film solar cells based on Methylammonium triiodideplumbate (CH3NH3PbI3) halide perovskites have recently shown remarkable performance. First-principle calculations show that CH3NH3PbI3 has unusual defect physics: (i) Different from common p-type thin-film solar cell absorbers, it exhibits flexible conductivity from good p-type, intrinsic to good n-type depending on the growth conditions; (ii) Dominant intrinsic defects create only shallow levels, which partially explain the long electron-hole diffusion length and high open-circuit voltage in solar cell. The unusual defect properties can be attributed to the strong Pb lone-pair s orbital and I p orbital antibonding coupling and the high ionicity of CH3NH3PbI3.},
author = {Yin, Wan-Jian and Shi, Tingting and Yan, Yanfa},
doi = {10.1063/1.4864778},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}Defects{\_}Physics{\_}063903{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {feb},
number = {6},
pages = {221104--510},
title = {{Unusual defect physics in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell absorber}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4864778{\%}0Ahttp://aip.scitation.org/toc/apl/104/6 https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/104/6/063903/237158/Unusual-defect-physics-in-CH3NH3PbI3-perovskite},
volume = {104},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Ming2016,
abstract = {CsGeI 3 may be used as an efficient hole transport material in solar cells although it may not be an excellent solar absorber material due to the deep electron traps induced by iodine vacancies.},
author = {Ming, Wenmei and Shi, Hongliang and Du, Mao-Hua},
doi = {10.1039/C6TA04685A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dieeltric properties{\_}after other{\_}c6ta04685a.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {36},
pages = {13852--13858},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Large dielectric constant, high acceptor density, and deep electron traps in perovskite solar cell material CsGeI 3}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA04685A},
volume = {4},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Axt2018SI,
abstract = {In this study we investigate the influence of the operation method in Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) on the measured potential distribution. KPFM is widely used to map the nanoscale potential distribution in operating devices, e.g., in thin film transistors or on cross sections of functional solar cells. Quantitative surface potential measurements are crucial for understanding the operation principles of functional nanostructures in these electronic devices. Nevertheless, KPFM is prone to certain imaging artifacts, such as crosstalk from topography or stray electric fields. Here, we compare different amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) KPFM methods on a reference structure consisting of an interdigitated electrode array. This structure mimics the sample geometry in device measurements, e.g., on thin film transistors or on solar cell cross sections. In particular, we investigate how quantitative different KPFM methods can measure a predefined externally applied voltage difference between the electrodes. We found that generally, FM-KPFM methods provide more quantitative results that are less affected by the presence of stray electric fields compared to AM-KPFM methods.},
annote = {SI von Amelies Paper,
Know your full potential

--{\textgreater}},
author = {Axt, Amelie and Hermes, Ilka M. and Bergmann, Victor W. and Tausendpfund, Niklas and Weber, Stefan A.L.},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.9.172},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Axt et al. - 2018 - Know your full potential Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {21904286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {AM lift mode,AM offresonance,AM second eigenmode,AM-KPFM,Cross section,Crosstalk,FM-KPFM,Field effect transistor,Frequency modulation heterodyne,Frequency modulation sideband,Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy,Solar cells},
number = {1},
pages = {1809--1919},
title = {{SI: Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices}},
volume = {9},
year = {2018}
}
@article{DeQuilettes2017,
annote = {[38] from Tainter2019},
author = {DeQuilettes, Dane W. and Jariwala, Sarthak and Burke, Sven and Ziffer, Mark E. and Wang, Jacob T.-W. and Snaith, Henry J. and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.7b06242},
issn = {1936-0851},
journal = {ACS Nano},
month = {nov},
number = {11},
pages = {11488--11496},
title = {{Tracking Photoexcited Carriers in Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors: Trap-Dominated Spatial Heterogeneity and Diffusion}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.7b06242},
volume = {11},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Palacios-Lidon2006,
abstract = {Quantitative characterization of tip-sample interaction in scanning force microscopy is fundamental for optimum image acquisition as well as data interpretation. In this work we discuss how to characterize the electrostatic and vander Waals contribution to tip-sample interaction in non-contact scanning force microscopy precisely. The spectroscopic technique presented is based on the simultaneous measurement of cantilever deflection, oscillation amplitude and frequency shift as a function of tip-sample voltage and tip-sample distance as well as on advanced data processing. Data are acquired at a fixed lateral position as interaction images, with the bias voltage as fast scan, and tip-sample distance as slow scan. Due to the quadratic dependence of the electrostatic interaction with tip-sample voltage the vander Waals force can be separated from the electrostatic force. Using appropriate data processing, the vander Waals interaction, the capacitance and the contact potential can be determined as a function of tip-sample distance. The measurement of resonance frequency shift yields very high signal to noise ratio and the absolute calibration of the measured quantities, while the acquisition of cantilever deflection allows the determination of the tip-sample distance. {\textcopyright} IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author = {Palacios-Lid{\'{o}}n, Elisa and Colchero, Jaime},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/17/21/033},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Colchero{\_}Palacios-Lid{\'{o}}n{\_}2006{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}17{\_}5491.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {nov},
number = {21},
pages = {5491--5500},
title = {{Quantitative analysis of tip–sample interaction in non-contact scanning force spectroscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/17/21/033},
volume = {17},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Xing2013,
abstract = {In the past 2 years, organolead halide perovskites have emerged as a promising class of light-harvesting media in experimental solar cells, but the physical basis for their efficiency has been unclear (see the Perspective by Hodes ). Two studies now show, using a variety of time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopic techniques, that these materials manifest relatively long diffusion paths for charge carriers energized by light absorption. Xing et al. (p. 344 ) independently assessed (negative) electron and (positive) hole diffusion lengths and found them well-matched to one another to the {\~{}}100-nanometer optical absorption depth. Stranks et al. (p. 341 ) uncovered a 10-fold greater diffusion length in a chloride-doped material, which correlates with the material's particularly efficient overall performance. Both studies highlight effective carrier diffusion as a fruitful parameter for further optimization.},
author = {Xing, Guichuan and Mathews, Nripan and Sun, Shuangyong and Lim, Swee Sien and Lam, Yeng Ming and Gr{\"{a}}tzel, Michael and Mhaisalkar, Subodh and Sum, Tze Chien},
doi = {10.1126/science.1243167},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science (80-. ).},
month = {oct},
number = {6156},
pages = {344--347},
title = {{Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organic-Inorganic CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3}},
url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1243167},
volume = {342},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Tran2001,
abstract = {We describe a sensor for use in a scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) that is capable of "zeptofarad" (10-21F) capacitance measurement resolution in a 1 Hz bandwidth with a peak-to-peak sense voltage on the probe tip of no more than 300 mV. This sensitivity is based on experimental data and simulation results that are in excellent agreement. The complete sensor incorporates an oscillator (phase locked to a 10 MHz crystal oscillator), a coupled transmission line resonator, an amplifier, and a peak detector. The resonator is fabricated from copper-clad, low-loss dielectric material and its size is such that it is easily incorporated with a scanning probe microscope. The sensor's use in the SCM enables capacitance resolution that has not previously been possible while retaining the instrumental advantages of imaging at low sense voltages. The performance of this sensor is discussed and compared to alternative scanning capacitance microscopy methodologies. {\textcopyright} 2001 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Tran, T. and Oliver, D. R. and Thomson, D. J. and Bridges, G. E.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1369637},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1369637.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {2618--2623},
title = {{“Zeptofarad” (10−21 F) resolution capacitance sensor for scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1369637 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi/article/72/6/2618-2623/436597},
volume = {72},
year = {2001}
}
@article{M2015,
author = {M, Dhanoj and Prem, Ashwin and Mohan, Bibi},
doi = {10.17148/IJARCCE.2015.4164},
issn = {22781021},
journal = {IJARCCE},
month = {jan},
pages = {284--286},
title = {{Accident alert using GPS technology {\&} automated traffic light control for ambulance}},
url = {http://ijarcce.com/upload/2015/january/IJARCCE5D.pdf},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Hermes2020,
abstract = {The anisotropic charge carrier diffusion coupled to ferroelastic twin domains in methylammonium lead iodide opens possibilities for further optimization of perovskite solar cells and optoelectronic devices via strain engineering and heat treatments. Polycrystalline thin films and single crystals of hybrid perovskites – a material group successfully used for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications – reportedly display heterogeneous charge carrier dynamics often attributed to grain boundaries or crystalline strain. Here, we locally resolved the carrier diffusion in large, isolated methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) grains via spatial- and time-resolved photoluminescence microscopy. We found that the anisotropic carrier dynamics directly correlate with the arrangement of ferroelastic twin domains. Comparing diffusion constants parallel and perpendicular to the domains showed carriers diffuse around 50–60{\%} faster along the parallel direction. Extensive piezoresponse force microscopy experiments on the nature of the domain pattern suggest that the diffusion anisotropy most likely originates from structural and electrical anomalies at ferroelastic domain walls. We believe that the domain walls act as shallow energetic barriers, which delay the transversal diffusion of carriers. Furthermore, we demonstrate a rearrangement of the domains via heat treatment above the cubic-tetragnal phase transition. Together with the previously reported strain engineering via external stress, our findings promise additional routes to tailor the directionality of the charge carrier diffusion in MAPbI 3 -based photovoltaics and optoelectronics as well as other ferroelastic materials for optoelectronic applications.},
author = {Hermes, Ilka M. and Best, Andreas and Winkelmann, Leonard and Mars, Julian and Vorpahl, Sarah M. and Mezger, Markus and Collins, Liam and Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen and Ginger, David S. and Koynov, Kaloian and Weber, Stefan A. L.},
doi = {10.1039/d0ee01016b},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hermes et al. - 2020 - Anisotropic carrier diffusion in single MAPbI 3 grains correlates to their twin domains.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {11},
pages = {4168--4177},
title = {{Anisotropic carrier diffusion in single MAPbI 3 grains correlates to their twin domains}},
volume = {13},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Giessibl1997,
abstract = {True atomic resolution in vacuum with a force microscope is now obtained routinely by using the frequency shift of an oscillating cantilever as the imaging signal. Here, a calculation is presented that relates the frequency shift to the forces between tip and sample for both large and small oscillation amplitudes. Also, the frequency versus distance data for van der Waals dominated tip-sample interactions is related to the geometry of the tip apex. Published frequency versus distance data are used to show that the apex of tips providing atomic resolution is faceted and not rounded. Further, an extended jump-to-contact criterion for large amplitudes is established. {\textcopyright} 1997 The American Physical Society.},
annote = {analytical approximations cited by Gotsmann1999},
author = {Giessibl, Franz J.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.56.16010},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PhysRevB.56.16010.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {dec},
number = {24},
pages = {16010--16015},
title = {{Forces and frequency shifts in atomic-resolution dynamic-force microscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.56.16010},
volume = {56},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Hao2013,
abstract = {High density CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics has been prepared by the hot-press sintering technique under ambient atmosphere. Its microstructure, crystalline structure and dielectric property are investigated and compared with those of the conventionally sintered ceramics. While the conventionally sintered ceramics show generally the theoretical relative densities lower than 95.0{\%}, the hot-pressed one with a short sintering duration reaches the value of 99.3{\%} and exhibits the microstructure of very uniform grain size distribution with the average large grain size of about 3 $\mu$m. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that there are Cu2O minor phases in the hot-pressed ceramics whereas no secondary phase exists after a further thermal treatment in ambience. Both the hot-pressed ceramics and its further thermally treated one exhibit two dielectric relaxations at room temperature, whereas the conventionally sintered ceramics have only one dielectric relaxation. Moreover, the hot-pressed CCTO ceramics has an extremely large low-frequency permittivity of 4.3 × 105, which further increases to nearly 2 × 106 through the ambient thermal treatment. The relation between microstructure and dielectric property is discussed. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Hao, Wentao and Zhang, Jialiang},
doi = {10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.042},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/CCTO{\_}Press{\_}1-s2.0-S0925838813000686-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09258388},
journal = {J. Alloys Compd.},
keywords = {Ceramics,Dielectric response,Sintering,Solid state reactions},
month = {may},
pages = {16--19},
title = {{Microstructure and dielectric property of hot-pressed high density CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.042 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925838813000686},
volume = {559},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Pukhova2013,
abstract = {The amplitude and phase evolution of the oscillations of a cantilever after a single tip-sample impact are investigated using a cross-correlation wavelet analysis. The excitation of multiple flexural modes is evidenced and the instantaneous amplitude and phase evolution is extracted from the experimental data at all frequencies simultaneously. The instantaneous total force acting on the tip during a single impact is reconstructed. This method has general relevance for the development of an atomic force spectroscopy of single tip-sample interactions, that develop in a few oscillation cycles of the interacting cantilever eigenmodes and their harmonics. {\textcopyright} 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author = {Pukhova, Valentina and Banfi, Francesco and Ferrini, Gabriele},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/24/50/505716},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/, Complex force dynamics in atomic force microscopy resolved by wavelet transforms.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {dec},
number = {50},
pages = {505716},
title = {{Complex force dynamics in atomic force microscopy resolved by wavelet transforms}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/24/50/505716},
volume = {24},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Fu2016,
abstract = {The stunning rise of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite material as a light harvesting material in recent years has drawn much attention in the photovoltaic community. Here, we investigated in detail the uniform and void-free perovskite capping layer in the mesoscopic perovskite devices and found it to play a critical role in determining device performance and charge recombination process. Compared to the rough surface with voids of the perovskite layer, surface of the perovskite capping layer obtained from sequential deposition process is much more uniform with less void formation and distribution within the TiO2 mesoscopic scaffold is more homogeneous, leading to much improved photovoltaic parameters of the devices. The impact of void free perovskite capping layer surface on the charge recombination processes within the mesoscopic perovskite solar cells is further scrutinized via charge extraction measurement. Modulation of precursor solution concentrations in order to further improve the perovskite layer surface morphology leads to higher efficiency and lower charge recombination rates. Inhibited charge recombination in these solar cells also matches with the higher charge density and slower photovoltage decay profiles measured.},
author = {Fu, Kunwu and Nelson, Christopher T. and Scott, Mary Cooper and Minor, Andrew and Mathews, Nripan and Wong, Lydia Helena},
doi = {10.1039/C5NR06362K},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fu et al. - 2016 - Influence of void-free perovskite capping layer on the charge recombination process in high performance CH3NH3PbI3 pe.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2040-3364},
journal = {Nanoscale},
number = {7},
pages = {4181--4193},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Influence of void-free perovskite capping layer on the charge recombination process in high performance CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C5NR06362K},
volume = {8},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Zhou2020,
abstract = {Understanding the factors that limit the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be enriched by detailed temperature (T)-dependent studies. Based on p-i-n type PSCs with prototype methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) perovskite absorbers, T-dependent photovoltaic properties are explored and negative T-coefficients for the three device parameters (VOC, JSC, and FF) are observed within a wide low T-range, leading to a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4{\%} with an impressive fill factor (FF) approaching 82{\%} at 220 K. These T-behaviors are explained by the enhanced interfacial charge transfer, reduced charge trapping with suppressed nonradiative recombination and narrowed optical bandgap at lower T. By comparing the T-dependent device behaviors based on MAPbI3 devices containing a PASP passivation layer, enhanced PCE at room temperature is observed but different tendencies showing attenuating T-dependencies of JSC and FF, which eventually leads to nearly T-invariable PCEs. These results indicate that charge extraction with the utilized all-organic charge transporting layers is not a limiting factor for low-T device operation, meanwhile the trap passivation layer of choice can play a role in the T-dependent photovoltaic properties and thus needs to be considered for PSCs operating in a temperature-variable environment.},
author = {Zhou, Qian and Wang, Boxing and Meng, Rui and Zhou, Jiyu and Xie, Shenkun and Zhang, Xuning and Wang, Jianqiu and Yue, Shengli and Qin, Bing and Zhou, Huiqiong and Zhang, Yuan},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.202000550},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}Charge{\_}Extraction{\_}Adv Funct Materials - 2020 - Zhou - Understanding Temperature‐Dependent Charge Extraction and Trapping in Perovskite Solar.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1616-301X},
journal = {Adv. Funct. Mater.},
keywords = {charge extraction,charge trapping,passivation layer,recombination,temperature dependence},
month = {may},
number = {22},
pages = {2000550},
title = {{Understanding Temperature‐Dependent Charge Extraction and Trapping in Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202000550},
volume = {30},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Huang2020a,
abstract = {Presently, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays are two dominant flat panel display technologies. Recently, inorganic mini-LEDs (mLEDs) and micro-LEDs ($\mu$LEDs) have emerged by significantly enhancing the dynamic range of LCDs or as sunlight readable emissive displays. “mLED, OLED, or $\mu$LED: who wins?” is a heated debatable question. In this review, we conduct a comprehensive analysis on the material properties, device structures, and performance of mLED/$\mu$LED/OLED emissive displays and mLED backlit LCDs. We evaluate the power consumption and ambient contrast ratio of each display in depth and systematically compare the motion picture response time, dynamic range, and adaptability to flexible/transparent displays. The pros and cons of mLED, OLED, and $\mu$LED displays are analysed, and their future perspectives are discussed.},
annote = {[1 -5] from {\{}Yudco2023{\}}},
author = {Huang, Yuge and Hsiang, En-Lin and Deng, Ming-Yang and Wu, Shin-Tson},
doi = {10.1038/s41377-020-0341-9},
issn = {2047-7538},
journal = {Light Sci. Appl.},
month = {jun},
number = {1},
pages = {105},
title = {{Mini-LED, Micro-LED and OLED displays: present status and future perspectives}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-020-0341-9},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@book{Car2018,
address = {Cham},
annote = {HPA for optimisation},
author = {Car, Roberto and Ertl, Gerhard and Freund, Hans-Joachim},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-75687-5},
editor = {Sadewasser, Sascha and Glatzel, Thilo},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Car, Ertl, Freund - 2018 - Book-Kelvin Probe Force microscopyFrom single charge detection to device characterization 题目：开尔文探针力显微镜：从单电荷检测.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Car, Ertl, Freund - 2018 - Book-Kelvin Probe Force microscopyFrom single charge detection to device characterization 题目：开尔文探针力显微镜：从单电(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-3-319-75686-8},
pages = {530},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
series = {Springer Series in Surface Sciences},
title = {{Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy}},
url = {http://www.springer.com/series/409 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-75687-5},
volume = {65},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Zimmermann2003,
abstract = {The article presents an overview of the current status of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) with respect to applications in the failure analysis of modern semiconductor devices. Examples for top-down and cross-sectional SCM imaging and the importance of an optimized sample preparation for improved SCM results will be discussed. An outlook on SCM requirements for future-technology generations highlights the usefulness of high aspect ratio tips for SCM measurements.},
annote = {Anwendung SCM

Artefakte SCM auf Si},
author = {Zimmermann, G. and Born, A. and Ebersberger, B. and Boit, C.},
doi = {10.1007/s00339-002-1969-4},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zimmermann et al. - 2003 - Application of SCM for the microcharacterization of semiconductor devices.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0947-8396},
journal = {Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process.},
month = {apr},
number = {6},
pages = {885--888},
title = {{Application of SCM for the microcharacterization of semiconductor devices}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00339-002-1969-4},
volume = {76},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Imtiaz2002,
abstract = {We report a new technique of scanning capacitance microscopy at microwave frequencies. A near field scanning microwave microscope probe is kept at a constant height of about 1nm above the samplewith the help of Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) feedback. The microwaves are incident onto the sample through a coaxial resonator that is terminated at one end with a sharp tip (the same tip is used to conduct STM), and capacitively coupled to a feedback circuit and microwave source at the other end. The feedback circuit keeps the source locked onto the resonance frequency of the resonator and outputs the frequency shift and quality factor change due to property variations of the sample. The spatial resolution due to capacitance variations is {\$}\backslashleq {\$} 2.5 nm. The microscope is broadband and experiments were performed from 7 GHz to 11 GHz. We develop a quantitative transmission line model that treats the tip to sample interaction as a series combination of capacitance and effective sheet resistance in the sample.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {cond-mat/0203540},
author = {Imtiaz, Atif and Anlage, Steven M.},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.cond-mat/0203540},
eprint = {0203540},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/0203540.pdf:pdf},
month = {mar},
pages = {11},
primaryClass = {cond-mat},
title = {{A novel Microwave Frequency Scanning Capacitance Microscope}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0203540},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Kavadiya2019,
abstract = {While there has been rapid progress in the performance of perovskite solar cells, the details of film formation, effect of processing parameters and perovskite crystal structure are still under discussion. The details of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the tetragonal phase of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite existing at room temperature are often overlooked, with unresolved (002) (at 2$\theta$ = 13.99° for CuK $\alpha$ and q = 0.9927 {\AA} -1 ) and (110) (at 2$\theta$ = 14.14° and q = 1.003 {\AA} -1 ) peaks considered to be one peak at 14°, leading to an inaccurate estimation of lattice parameters. In this study, we use an electrospray deposition technique to prepare perovskite films at room temperature, oriented in (002) and (110) directions, with (002) as the preferred orientation. The results of a detailed study on the emergence of the two orientations during perovskite formation are reported. The effect of process parameters, such as substrate temperature during deposition and annealing temperature, on the grain orientation was established using XRD and grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). The study suggests that an irreversible crystal reorientation from (002) to (110) occurs at high temperature during rapid annealing, whereas a reversible crystal thermal expansion is seen during slow annealing. Finally, the results of the grain reorientation are correlated with the film properties, and it is shown that the film with the dominant (110) orientation has improved morphology and optoelectronic properties. The detailed structural investigation and characterization presented in this study are important for the precise determination of crystal orientation and achievement of desirable photovoltaic properties of the absorber material by carefully observing the adjacent crystal plane peaks in the XRD pattern of the perovskite thin films.},
annote = {thermales anneling (kurz, 5 min) f{\"{u}}r verbesserte Grains},
author = {Kavadiya, Shalinee and Strzalka, Joseph and Niedzwiedzki, Dariusz M. and Biswas, Pratim},
doi = {10.1039/c9ta02358e},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kavadiya et al. - 2019 - Crystal reorientation in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin film with thermal annealing.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20507496},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {20},
pages = {12790--12799},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Crystal reorientation in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin film with thermal annealing}},
volume = {7},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Wang2016,
author = {Wang, Feng and Geng, Wei and Zhou, Yang and Fang, Hong Hua and Tong, Chuan Jia and Loi, Maria Antonietta and Liu, Li Min and Zhao, Ni},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201603062},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wang et al. - 2016 - Phenylalkylamine Passivation of Organolead Halide Perovskites Enabling High-Efficiency and Air-Stable Photovoltaic.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15214095},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {benzylamine,passivation,perovskite solar cells},
number = {45},
pages = {9986--9992},
title = {{Phenylalkylamine Passivation of Organolead Halide Perovskites Enabling High-Efficiency and Air-Stable Photovoltaic Cells}},
volume = {28},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Ran2020,
abstract = {Electron beam microscopy and related characterization techniques play an important role in revealing the microstructural, morphological, physical, and chemical information of halide perovskites and their impact on associated optoelectronic devices. However, electron beam irradiation usually causes damage to these beam-sensitive materials, negatively impacting their device performance, and complicating this interpretation. In this article, the electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques are reviewed that are crucial for the understanding of the crystallization and microstructure of halide perovskites. In addition, special attention is paid to assessing and mitigating the electron beam-induced damage caused by these techniques. Since the halide perovskites are fragile, a protocol involving delicate control of both electron beam dose and dose rate, coupled with careful data analysis, is key to enable the acquisition of reliable structural and compositional information such as atomic-resolution images, chemical elemental mapping and electron diffraction patterns. Limiting the electron beam dose is critical parameter enabling the characterization of various halide perovskites. Novel methods to unveil the mechanisms of device operation, including charge carrier generation, diffusion, and extraction are presented in scanning electron microscopy studies combined with electron-beam-induced current and cathodoluminescence mapping. Future opportunities for electron-beam-related characterizations of halide perovskites are also discussed.},
author = {Ran, Junhui and Dyck, Ondrej and Wang, Xiaozheng and Yang, Bin and Geohegan, David B. and Xiao, Kai},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201903191},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Energy Materials - 2020 - Ran - Electron‐Beam‐Related Studies of Halide Perovskites  Challenges and Opportunities.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {electron microscopy and spectroscopy,electron-beam-sensitive materials,halide perovskites,perovskite solar cells},
month = {jul},
number = {26},
pages = {1903191},
title = {{Electron‐Beam‐Related Studies of Halide Perovskites: Challenges and Opportunities}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201903191},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Arakawa2001,
abstract = {We have measured spatially resolved capacitance between a metal surface and the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by using a capacitance bridge combined with STM. The spatial variation of the capacitance can be correlated with the topographic image for the carbon grating and the gold ﬁlm with a capacitance resolution of about 10 aF ( 1 aF=10{\^{}}-18 F) . The observed spatial resolution is about 50 nm along the surface as well as normal to the surface. The spatial resolution of this method is discussed in relation to the STM-tip radius and the corrugation of the sample. The resolution estimated by theoretical calculations is consistent with the experimental results.},
annote = {brigde sensor for capaciance measurement ?
distance dependency of Capacitance from (Fumagalli2006)
but noise level too high},
author = {Arakawa, Hitoshi and Nishitani, Ryusuke},
doi = {10.1116/1.1379796},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1379796.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734211X},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
number = {4},
pages = {1150},
title = {{Spatially resolved measurements of the capacitance by scanning tunneling microscope combined with a capacitance bridge}},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/19/4/10.1116/1.1379796},
volume = {19},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Henjongchom2018,
abstract = {A simple deposition process for preparing crystalline semiconductors with low degrees of disorder is of paramount interest for both device applications and research investigations. This study centers on the ultrasonically sprayed-aerosol based approach for preparing crystals of methylammonium lead trihalide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3). The surface photovoltage (SPV) spectra are found to depend strongly on the preparation conditions, with the SPV signals (below the material's band gap) providing information on the defect states. The measured values of tail states near the band gap (Et) are found to be about 21 and 52 meV for the CH3NH3PbI3 crystals prepared by the ultrasonically sprayed-on and spun casting approaches, respectively.},
author = {Henjongchom, Nakorn and Rujisamphan, Nopporn and Tang, I-Ming and Supasai, Thidarat},
doi = {10.1002/pssa.201800133},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}Physica Status Solidi  a - 2018 - Henjongchom - Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy Study of Ultrasonically Sprayed‐Aerosol.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18626300},
journal = {Phys. status solidi},
keywords = {CH3NH3PbI3,surface photovoltage,trap states,ultrasonically sprayed-on based technique},
month = {jul},
number = {14},
pages = {1800133},
title = {{Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy Study of Ultrasonically Sprayed-Aerosol CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Crystals}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pssa.201800133},
volume = {215},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Chang2021,
abstract = {This paper reports a novel investigation of the voltage modulation efficiency (VME) in scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). A signal intensity model was used to define the VME, which is dependent on the impedance components in an SCM setup. In SCM, the VME was found to play a key mediating role in the close relationship between the signal intensity and the modulation voltage, providing an indicator for the surface treatment and the back-contact process of an SCM specimen. We observed that, for silicon-based specimens, ultraviolet-assisted oxidation and microwave annealing improved the specimen surface and the back-contact, respectively, which increased the VME. It was also found that a high modulation voltage and a large back-contact area may induce a significant stray capacitance around the conductive tip and, hence, lower the VME. The VME degradation not only decreased the SCM signal intensity but also reduced the image contrast in the regions with high carrier concentrations. In addition, our experimental results further revealed that the signal intensity model also provided a promising opportunity to establish a precise and quantitative method for measuring the thickness of insulating layers.},
annote = {PSC related ideas},
author = {Chang, Mao-Nan and Chen, Yung-Kuang and Kao, Hung-Yi and Chen, Jhih-Yang and Liu, Chun-Hsien and Lee, Yao-Jen},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113266},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Voltage-modulation-efficiency-in-scanning-capacitance-mic{\_}2021{\_}Ultramicrosco.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043991},
journal = {Ultramicroscopy},
month = {may},
number = {March},
pages = {113266},
pmid = {33813341},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Voltage modulation efficiency in scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113266 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304399121000565},
volume = {224},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Ciro2017,
abstract = {The development of efficient perovskite solar devices fully fabricated in air conditions at low temperature is investigated. A 10.0{\%} average efficiency was achieved for a CH3NH3PbI3 p-i-n planar perovskite solar cell with null hysteresis processed in an environment with relative humidity as high as 70{\%}. This result was enabled by a fine control over the perovskite precursor composition, adapting the solvent engineering process to ambient air conditions and implementing nickel oxide as hole-transporting layer. The presented strategy contributes towards the establishment of processing methodologies leading to scale up high performance perovskite solar cells where processing in ambient air at low temperature is highly desirable.},
author = {Ciro, John and Betancur, Rafael and Mesa, Santiago and Jaramillo, Franklin},
doi = {10.1016/j.solmat.2017.01.004},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ciro et al. - 2017 - High performance perovskite solar cells fabricated under high relative humidity conditions.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09270248},
journal = {Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells},
keywords = {High humidity air processing,NiOx HTL,Solvent engineering,p-i-n perovskite solar cells},
number = {July 2016},
pages = {38--42},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{High performance perovskite solar cells fabricated under high relative humidity conditions}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.01.004},
volume = {163},
year = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{NREL2023,
author = {{National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL)}},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/best-research-cell-efficiencies{\_}2023{\_}07{\_}18.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Best Research-Cell Efficiencies Chart, Washington, DC, https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html, Accessed on 03.07.2023}},
url = {https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Dittrich2006,
abstract = {A model system of nanoporous Ti O2 sensitized with dye molecules at the outer surface is investigated by time resolved surface photovoltage (SPV) at temperatures between -120°C and 270°C to get information about electron diffusion over more than 10 orders of magnitude in time. The SPV transients increase in time due to independent electron diffusion and reach a maximum at a certain peak time due to reaching the screening length. The increasing parts of the SPV transients are characterized by a power law while the SPV power coefficient amounts to half of the dispersion parameter of anomalous diffusion. Anomalous diffusion is observed for times down to the duration time of the laser pulse (150 ps). With increasing temperature, the SPV power coefficient increases to its saturation value of 0.5 corresponding to normal diffusion. At lower temperatures, the SPV power coefficients decrease with increasing intensity of the exciting laser pulses. The decay of the SPV transients is determined by thermally activated normal diffusion. The minimal charge transfer time of an electron back to the positively charged dye molecule amounts to 2 ps which is obtained from thermally activated logarithmic decays. {\textcopyright} 2006 The American Physical Society.},
author = {Dittrich, Thomas and Mora-Ser{\'{o}}, Iv{\'{a}}n and Garc{\'{i}}a-Belmonte, Germ{\`{a}} and Bisquert, Juan},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.73.045407},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dittrich et al. - 2006 - Temperature dependent normal and anomalous electron diffusion in porous math display=inline mrow mi mathvariant.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1098-0121},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {jan},
number = {4},
pages = {045407},
title = {{Temperature dependent normal and anomalous electron diffusion in porous {\textless}math display="inline"{\textgreater} {\textless}mrow{\textgreater} {\textless}mi mathvariant="normal"{\textgreater}Ti{\textless}/mi{\textgreater} {\textless}msub{\textgreater} {\textless}mi mathvariant="normal"{\textgreater}O{\textless}/mi{\textgreater} {\textless}mn{\textgreater}2{\textless}/mn{\textgreater} {\textless}/msub{\textgreater} {\textless}/mrow{\textgreater} {\textless}/math{\textgreater} studied by transient surface photovoltage}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.73.045407},
volume = {73},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Albrecht1991a,
abstract = {A new frequency modulation (FM) technique has been demonstrated which enhances the sensitivity of attractive mode force microscopy by an order of magnitude or more. Increased sensitivity is made possible by operating in a moderate vacuum ({\textless}10-3 Torr), which increases the Q of the vibrating cantilever. In the FM technique, the cantilever serves as the frequency determining element of an oscillator. Force gradients acting on the cantilever cause instantaneous frequency modulation of the oscillator output, which is demodulated with a FM detector. Unlike conventional "slope detection," the FM technique offers increased sensitivity through increased Q without restricting system bandwidth. Experimental comparisons of FM detection in vacuum (Q∼50 000) versus slope detection in air (Q∼100) demonstrated an improvement of more than 10 times in sensitivity for a fixed bandwidth. This improvement is evident in images of magnetic transitions on a thin-film CoPtCr magnetic disk. In the future, the increased sensitivity offered by this technique should extend the range of problems accessible by force microscopy.},
author = {Albrecht, T. R. and Gr{\"{u}}tter, P. and Horne, D. and Rugar, D.},
doi = {10.1063/1.347347},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.347347.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {668--673},
title = {{Frequency modulation detection using high‐ Q cantilevers for enhanced force microscope sensitivity}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.347347},
volume = {69},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Kim2021,
abstract = {Force reconstruction in dynamic force microscopy (DFM) is a nontrivial problem that requires the deconvolution of integrals. However, conventional reconstruction methods, which recover forces from single-frequency motion of the cantilever at its resonance, exhibit non-negligible error and reconstruction instability in the highly nonlinear force regime when the tip oscillates with its amplitude comparable to the decay length of the interaction. Here, we develop a theoretical platform of DFM based on multiharmonic signal analysis for exact and robust reconstruction of conservative and dissipative forces, valid for all oscillation amplitudes and entire tip-sample distances in both amplitude- and frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy. We achieve accuracy improvement by an order of magnitude for oscillation amplitudes comparable to or larger than the decay length, and by 2 orders of magnitude for smaller amplitudes at the force minimum, even in cases where conventional methods show poor accuracy (≳5{\%}). Moreover, we obtain greater robustness with respect to the oscillation amplitude error, resulting in a fivefold increase in reconstruction precision. Our results demonstrate a fast and versatile reconstruction scheme for nanomechanical force characterization, with higher harmonics measured with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio, which provides unprecedented accuracy and stability beyond conventional methods.},
author = {Kim, Sunghoon and Ko, Joon-Hyuk and Jhe, Wonho},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.076804},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PhysRevLett.126.076804.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
keywords = {doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.076804 url:https://doi},
month = {feb},
number = {7},
pages = {076804},
pmid = {33666451},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
title = {{Universal Theory of Dynamic Force Microscopy for Exact and Robust Force Reconstruction Using Multiharmonic Signal Analysis}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.076804 https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.076804},
volume = {126},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Martin1988,
abstract = {We demonstrate the usefulness and high sensitivity of the atomic force microscope (AFM) for imaging surface dielectric properties and for potentiometry through the detection of electrostatic forces. Electric forces as small as 10-10 N have been measured, corresponding to a capacitance of 10 -19 farad. The sensitivity of our AFM should ultimately allow us to detect capacitances as low as 8×10-22 F. The method enables us to detect the presence of dielectric material over Si, and to measure the voltage in a p-n junction with submicron spatial resolution.},
annote = {indued electric field to detect SCM [9] of (Kimara2003)

measurement of dC/dz --{\textgreater} force curve simularities},
author = {Martin, Yves and Abraham, David W. and Wickramasinghe, H. Kumar},
doi = {10.1063/1.99224},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.99224.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {13},
pages = {1103--1105},
title = {{High‐resolution capacitance measurement and potentiometry by force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.99224},
volume = {52},
year = {1988}
}
@article{Tseytlin2008,
abstract = {Our previous study of the particle mass sensor has shown a large ratio (up to thousands) between the spring constants of a rectangular cantilever in higher mode vibration and at the static bending or natural mode vibration. This has been proven by us through the derived nodal point position equation. That solution is good for a cantilever with the free end in noncontact regime and the probe shifted from the end to an effective section and contacting a soft object. Our further research shows that the same nodal position equation with the proper frequency equations may be used for the same spring constant ratio estimation if the vibrating at higher mode cantilever's free end has a significant additional mass clamped to it or that end is in permanent contact with an elastic or hard measurand object (reference cantilever). However, in the latter case, the spring constant ratio is much smaller (in tens) than in other mentioned cases at equal higher (up to fourth) vibration modes. We also present the spring constant ratio for a vibrating at higher eigenmode V-shaped cantilever, which is now in wide use for atomic force microscopy. The received results on the spring constant ratio are in good (within a few percent) agreement with the theoretical and experimental data published by other researchers. The knowledge of a possible spring constant transformation is important for the proper calibration and use of an atomic force microscope with vibrating cantilever in the higher eigenmodes for measurement and imaging with enlarged resolution. {\textcopyright} 2008 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Tseytlin, Yakov M.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2839019},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.2839019.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00346748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
number = {2},
pages = {025102},
title = {{Atomic force microscope cantilever spring constant evaluation for higher mode oscillations: A kinetostatic method}},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/rsi/79/2/10.1063/1.2839019},
volume = {79},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Dupont2020,
author = {Dupont, Elise and Koppelaar, Rembrandt and Jeanmart, Herv{\'{e}}},
doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113968},
issn = {03062619},
journal = {Appl. Energy},
month = {jan},
pages = {113968},
title = {{Global available solar energy under physical and energy return on investment constraints}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261919316551},
volume = {257},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sanchez2014,
abstract = {Characteristic times of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been measured by different techniques: transient photovoltage decay, transient photoluminescence, and impedance spectroscopy. A slow dynamic process is detected that shows characteristic times in the seconds to milliseconds scale, with good quantitative agreement between transient photovoltage decay and impedance spectroscopy. Here, we show that this characteristic time is related with a novel slow dynamic process caused by the peculiar structural properties of lead halide perovskites and depending on perovskite crystal size and organic cation nature. This new process may lie at the basis of the current-voltage hysteresis reported for PSCs and could have important implications in PSC performance because it may give rise to distinct dynamical behavior with respect to other classes of photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, we show that low-frequency characteristic time, commonly associated with electronic carrier lifetime in other photovoltaic devices, cannot be attributed to a recombination process in the case of PSCs. {\textcopyright} 2014 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Sanchez, Rafael S. and Gonzalez-Pedro, Victoria and Lee, Jin-Wook and Park, Nam-Gyu and Kang, Yong Soo and Mora-Sero, Ivan and Bisquert, Juan},
doi = {10.1021/jz5011187},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sanchez et al. - 2014 - Slow dynamic processes in lead halide perovskite solar cells. Characteristic times and hysteresis.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
keywords = {impedance spectroscopy,lead halide perovskite,perovskite solar cell,transient photovoltage decay},
month = {jul},
number = {13},
pages = {2357--2363},
title = {{Slow Dynamic Processes in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Characteristic Times and Hysteresis}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz5011187},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Yeh2017,
annote = {[1 -5] from {\{}Yudco2023{\}}},
author = {Yeh, Pulin and Yeh, Naichia and Lee, Chin-Hai and Ding, Ting-Jou},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.011},
issn = {13640321},
journal = {Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.},
month = {aug},
pages = {461--468},
title = {{Applications of LEDs in optical sensors and chemical sensing device for detection of biochemicals, heavy metals, and environmental nutrients}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032116307584},
volume = {75},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Rohm2017,
abstract = {A comprehensive AFM study provides insight into the ferroic properties of methylammonium lead iodide as commonly incorporated into perovskite solar cells.We explore the ferroic properties of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). In vertical and horizontal PFM imaging, we find domains of alternating polarization with a width of 90 nm which we identify as polarized ferroelectric domains. High-resolution photo-conductive atomic force micrographs under illumination also show alternating charge carrier extraction patterns which we attribute to the local vertical polarization components within the ferroelectric domains. The correlation of the sample properties with atomic force and kelvin probe force micrographs evidence the ferroelectric nature of the domains.},
annote = {Karlsruher Riesen Grains; Nachmachen

Ab{\"{a}}nderung ab/in Versuchsreihe F1 bis F8},
author = {R{\"{o}}hm, Holger and Leonhard, Tobias and Hoffmann, Michael J. and Colsmann, Alexander},
doi = {10.1039/c7ee00420f},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/R{\"{o}}hm et al. - 2017 - Ferroelectric domains in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin-films.pdf:pdf},
issn = {17545706},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {4},
pages = {950--955},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Ferroelectric domains in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin-films}},
volume = {10},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Sacha2007,
abstract = {A method to calculate electrostatic forces in the context of atomic force microscopy that is useful for the calculation of the electrostatic forces when different length scales are included in the simulation is presented. The versatility of the method allowed for an analysis of the behavior of forces as a function of the tip apex geometry. For example, for flattened, worn out tips, the force at the point of contact with a dielectric sample could be 2.5 times larger than that of a sharp tip. A simple analytical approximation has been also developed for the local characterization of thin films at the nanoscale. {\textcopyright} 2007 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {From Duplicate 1 (A method for calculating capacitances and electrostatic forces in atomic force microscopy - Sacha, G. M.; Sahag{\'{u}}n, E.; S{\'{a}}enz, J. J.)

Kraft-Abstands-Kurven aus gr{\"{o}}{\ss}eren Abst{\"{a}}nden

nicht so interessant, weil contact mode

model of (Casuso2007)},
author = {Sacha, G. M. and Sahag{\'{u}}n, E. and S{\'{a}}enz, J. J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2424524},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sacha, Sahag{\'{u}}n, S{\'{a}}enz - 2007 - A method for calculating capacitances and electrostatic forces in atomic force microscopy.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/tip{\_}capacitance{\_}1.2424524.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {024310},
title = {{A method for calculating capacitances and electrostatic forces in atomic force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2424524 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article/816859},
volume = {101},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Flores-Ruiz2019,
abstract = {We present a reliable numerical method that computes the spring constants of a rectangular Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) cantilever when a small number of experimental resonance frequencies are known. By using a collection of multivariate polynomial regressions followed by an algorithm that solves a set of non-linear equations, the method finds first the values of the cantilever geometric parameters associated with the given set of resonances. The results are then used to determine the normal, longitudinal, and transversal spring constants through a second collection of regressions. Both data collections were built with finite element analysis of realistic rectangular AFM cantilevers. Experiments performed on commercial cantilevers were used to test the numerical method. The computed geometric parameters were confirmed with scanning electron microscopy, demonstrating that the method is viable, self-consistent, and accurate.},
author = {Flores-Ruiz, Francisco Javier and Garcia-Vazquez, Valentin},
doi = {10.1063/1.5085788},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.5085788.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {023703},
pmid = {30831765},
title = {{Dimensions and spring constants of rectangular AFM cantilevers determined from resonance measurements}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5085788 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5085788},
volume = {90},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Lhernould2007,
abstract = {Manipulations by contact of objects between 1 $\mu$m and 1 mm are often disturbed by adhesion between the manipulated object and the gripper. Electrostatic forces are among the phenomena responsible for this adhesive effect. Analytical models have been developed in the literature to predict the electrostatic forces. Most models are developed within the framework of scanning probe microscopy, i.e. for a contact between a conducting tip and a metallic surface. Models are reviewed in this work and compared with our own simulations using finite elements modeling. The results show a good correlation. The main advantage of our simulations lies in the fact that they can integrate roughness parameters. For this purpose, a fractal representation of the surface topography was chosen through the use of the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function. Comparisons with experimental benchmarks from the literature show very good correlation between experimental results and simulations. It demonstrates the importance of surface topography on electrostatic forces at very close separation distances. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
annote = {model which include roughness},
author = {Lhernould, M. Sausse and Delchambre, A. and R{\'{e}}gnier, S. and Lambert, P.},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.01.098},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0169433207001353-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {Adhesion,Electrostatic forces,Fractals,Micromanipulations,Roughness},
month = {may},
number = {14},
pages = {6203--6210},
title = {{Electrostatic forces in micromanipulations: Review of analytical models and simulations including roughness}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433207001353},
volume = {253},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Nketia-Yawson2018,
abstract = {The gate dielectric layer is an essential element of field‐effect transistors (FETs), large area integrated circuits, and various application electronics. Beyond basic insulation between the semiconductor layer and gate electrode, FET performance largely depends on the capacitance of the chosen insulator layer properties. Recent functional devices developments require new functionalities, such as high mechanical flexibility and stretchability in addition to basic insulating and physical properties. This review focuses on recent developments of high‐capacitance polymer gate dielectric materials and their application for low‐voltage flexible FETs. The fundamental principles and components of transistors are discussed briefly, then the underlying concepts for gate dielectrics and the mechanisms for polymer dielectric properties, such as capacitance control, leakage current formation in dielectric polymer films, and patternability, are described. Strategic approaches to achieve high capacitance based on low ‐k dielectric materials, and the development and use of high‐capacitance polymers and hybrid polymer gate dielectrics in the context of emerging transistors on flexible substrates are also discussed.},
author = {Nketia‐Yawson, Benjamin and Noh, Yong‐Young},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.201802201},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Adv Funct Materials - 2018 - Nketia‐Yawson - Recent Progress on High‐Capacitance Polymer Gate Dielectrics for Flexible.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1616-301X},
journal = {Adv. Funct. Mater.},
keywords = {dielectric constant,flexible transistors,low-voltage transistors,polymer dielectrics,thin-film transistors},
month = {oct},
number = {42},
pages = {1--27},
title = {{Recent Progress on High‐Capacitance Polymer Gate Dielectrics for Flexible Low‐Voltage Transistors}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201802201},
volume = {28},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Beyreuther2013,
abstract = {In the past, surface photovoltage (SPV) analysis has been successfully applied to derive the electronic defect status of a number of wide-bandgap semiconductor surfaces. Here, the method is applied to the model perovskite strontium titanate, whose SPV phenomena are comprehensively studied over seven decades of excitation-light intensity. The SPV was recorded by a Kelvin probe setup as a function of wavelength in order to extract the energetic positions of electronic surface states within the bandgap. At selected wavelengths addressing distinct surface states, SPV transients were measured as a function of light intensity and temperature. Several models known from the literature were used to estimate and cross check surface state parameters such as surface state densities, capture cross sections for photons and electrons, and the surface band bending in the dark and under illumination. In contrast to other wide-bandgap materials, SPV transients of SrTiO3 exhibit highly complex shapes, i.e. they (i) show signatures of multiple carrier transitions, (ii) mixtures of surface and bulk contributions, as well as (iii) both ex- and intrinsic SPV processes. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier B.V.},
author = {Beyreuther, E. and Becherer, J. and Thiessen, A. and Grafstr{\"{o}}m, S. and Eng, L.M.},
doi = {10.1016/j.susc.2013.01.022},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPV{\_}1-s2.0-S0039602813000393-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00396028},
journal = {Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {Kelvin probe,SPV,SrTiO3,Strontium titanate,Surface photovoltage,Surface state SPV transient},
month = {jun},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Electronic surface properties of SrTiO3 derived from a surface photovoltage study}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2013.01.022 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0039602813000393},
volume = {612},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Checa2021,
abstract = {Ferroelectric surfaces involve a complex interplay between polarization and dielectric properties, internal and external surface charge screening, and ionic and electrochemical effects. There is currently no good way to simultaneously capture all the required information at appropriate length scales. To this end, we present an advanced scanning probe microscopy approach for simultaneously mapping surface potential, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties on the nanoscale. For quantitatively mapping electromechancial properties, we utilize interferometric displacement sensing piezoresponse force microscopy, which measures the effective piezoelectric coefficient free of background artifacts such as the cantilever body electrostatics. The dielectric and surface electrochemical properties are captured during G-mode electrostatic force microscopy/Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in the lift mode. We show the capabilities of this approach on the chemically phase separated composite sample consisting of a van der Waals layered ferroelectric CuInP2S6 phase and a non-polar In4/3P2S6 phase. Finally, we demonstrate domain structure evolution during thermally stimulated phase transition.},
annote = {Liam neues Paper : Motivation to H-SCM ?

read!},
author = {Checa, M. and Neumayer, S. M. and Susner, M. A. and McGuire, M. A. and Maksymovych, P. and Collins, Liam},
doi = {10.1063/5.0078034},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Liam{\_}Paper{\_}5.0078034.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {dec},
number = {25},
pages = {252905},
publisher = {AIP Publishing LLC},
title = {{Simultaneous mapping of nanoscale dielectric, electrochemical, and ferroelectric surface properties of van der Waals layered ferroelectric via advanced SPM}},
url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0078034 https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/119/25/252905/40613/Simultaneous-mapping-of-nanoscale-dielectric},
volume = {119},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Breshears2022,
author = {Breshears, Madeleine D and Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Pothoof, Justin and Ginger, David S},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00738},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.jcim.2c00738{\_}tr{\_}EFM.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1549-9596},
journal = {J. Chem. Inf. Model.},
month = {sep},
number = {18},
pages = {4342--4350},
title = {{A Robust Neural Network for Extracting Dynamics from Electrostatic Force Microscopy Data}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00738},
volume = {62},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Mundaca2010,
author = {Mundaca, Luis and Neij, Lena and Worrell, Ernst and McNeil, Michael},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-environ-052810-164840},
issn = {1543-5938},
journal = {Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {305--344},
title = {{Evaluating Energy Efficiency Policies with Energy-Economy Models}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-environ-052810-164840},
volume = {35},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Niu2015,
abstract = {The understanding of how the chemical stability of PSCs is affected by oxygen and moisture, UV light, the solution process, and temperature was reviewed.},
author = {Niu, Guangda and Guo, Xudong and Wang, Liduo},
doi = {10.1039/C4TA04994B},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {17},
pages = {8970--8980},
title = {{Review of recent progress in chemical stability of perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4TA04994B},
volume = {3},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Kobayashi2002,
abstract = {Scanning capacitance force microscopy (SCFM) capable of mapping differential capacitance (∂C/∂V) on semiconducting sample based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) without an external capacitance sensor is introduced. While an electric field alternating at an angular frequency $\omega$ is applied between the tip and the sample, an induced electrostatic force (ESF) oscillating at its third harmonic frequency (3$\omega$) is detected by a lock-in amplifier. Owing to the fact that the magnitude of the induced ESF is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the applied electric field and the fact that the capacitance of the semiconducting sample is also modulated at $\omega$, the amplitude and the phase of the induced ESF oscillating at 3$\omega$ contain information on ∂C/∂V. We present ∂C/∂V images on a Si test sample obtained by SCFM using both contact-mode AFM and dynamic-mode AFM, showing clear contrasts depending on species and density of dopants. {\textcopyright} 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {SCM without detection sensor !! measureing dC/dz with induced electric field},
author = {Kobayashi, Kei and Yamada, Hirofumi and Matsushige, Kazumi},
doi = {10.1063/1.1510582},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1510582.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {sep},
number = {14},
pages = {2629--2631},
title = {{Dopant profiling on semiconducting sample by scanning capacitance force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1510582},
volume = {81},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Neuhaus2021,
abstract = {In this study, a dual phase composite (CSO-FC2O) consisting of 60 vol {\%} Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 as oxygen-conductive phase and 40 vol {\%} FeCo 2 O 4 as electron-conductive phase was synthesized. TEM measurements showed a relatively pure dual-phase material with only minor amounts of a tertiary (Sm,Ce)(Fe,Co)O 3 perovskite phase and isolated residues of a rock salt phase at the grain boundaries. The obtained material was used as a model to demonstrate that a combination of polarization relaxation measurements and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM)-based mapping of the Volta potential before and after the end of polarization can be used to determine the chemical diffusion coefficient of the ceria component of the composite. The KPFM measurements were performed at room temperature and show diffusion coefficients in the range of 3 × 10 −13 cm 2 {\textperiodcentered}s −1 , which is comparable to values measured for single-phase Gd-doped ceria thin films using the same method.},
author = {Neuhaus, Kerstin and Schmidt, Christina and Fischer, Liudmila and Meulenberg, Wilhelm Albert and Ran, Ke and Mayer, Joachim and Baumann, Stefan},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.12.102},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/2190-4286-12-102.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2190-4286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,ceria,diffusion coefficient,oxygen permeation},
month = {dec},
pages = {1380--1391},
title = {{Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy}},
url = {https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/12/102},
volume = {12},
year = {2021}
}
@article{TaukeerKhan2022,
abstract = {The perovskites solar cells (PSCs) is composed of multifaceted device architecture and involve complex charge extraction (both electronic and ionic), this makes the task demanding to unlock the origin of the different physical process that occurs in a PSC. The capacitance in PSCs depends on several external perturbations including frequency, illumination, temperature, applied bias, and importantly on the interface modification of perovskites/charge selective contact. Arguably, different features including interfacial and bulk; ionic, and electronic charge transport in PSCs occur at different time scales. Capacitance spectroscopy is a prevailing technique to unravel the various physical phenomenon that occurs in a PSC at different time scales. A deeper knowledge of the capacitive response of a PSCs is essential to understand the charge carrier kinetics and unlock the device physics. This work highlights the capacitive response of PSCs and its application to unlock the device physics which is essential for the further optimization and improvement of the device performance.},
author = {{Taukeer Khan}, Mohd and Khan, Firoz and Al‐Ahmed, Amir and Ahmad, Shahzada and Al‐Sulaiman, Fahad},
doi = {10.1002/tcr.202100330},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/The Chemical Record - 2022 - Taukeer Khan - Evaluating the Capacitive Response in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1527-8999},
journal = {Chem. Rec.},
keywords = {Capacitance spectroscopy,Charge accumulation,Electrical properties,J-V hysteresis,Organo-lead perovskites},
month = {feb},
title = {{Evaluating the Capacitive Response in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tcr.202100330},
volume = {202100330},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Tennyson2019,
abstract = {Tuning the halide composition in semiconductor perovskite materials is relevant for light-emitting and absorbing applications, as it significantly affects the dynamics of both the optical and electrical properties. Yet, a precise understanding of how the halide species influence the electrical behavior of the perovskite remains vague and speculative. In this work, we elucidate the transient voltage of two pure-halide perovskite film compositions (CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3) to directly compare the role of the halide in ionic species migration. We capture the photovoltage rise and residual voltage relaxation upon switching the illumination ON and subsequently OFF using Kelvin-probe force microscopy. We discover a unique and unforeseen wavelength-dependent voltage decay for CH3NH3PbBr3. Here, high-energy photons induce a more than 1 order of magnitude slower voltage decline toward equilibrium (i.e., dark conditions) than low-energy photons. Conversely, we find that the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite composition has a wavelength-independent decay rate. The difference in electrical response occurs primarily because of the halide composition, as ion migration rates are reduced with higher Br content. The results detailed here yield new experimental insights about ion/defect activation energies in different perovskite films and devices, underlining a new parameter, photon energy (wavelength), which must be considered when assessing the fundamental photophysics within these materials.},
annote = {Leite marina S. TR-Methoden

Wellenl{\"{a}}ngenabh. Abklingzeit mit wahrscheinlich unserer Methode
aber auf jeden Fall {\"{a}}hnlich},
author = {Tennyson, Elizabeth M. and Howard, John M. and Roose, Bart and Garrett, Joseph L. and Munday, Jeremy N. and Abate, Antonio and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b03089},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tennyson et al. - 2019 - The Effects of Incident Photon Energy on the Time-Dependent Voltage Response of Lead Halide Perovskites.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15205002},
journal = {Chem. Mater.},
title = {{The Effects of Incident Photon Energy on the Time-Dependent Voltage Response of Lead Halide Perovskites}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Li2008a,
abstract = {CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics were prepared by cold isostatic press (CIP) forming combined with the conventional sintering method. The effects of calcining temperature on properties of CCTO ceramics were investigated. The dielectric properties as the function of temperature at typical frequencies were measured in the temperature range from 243 to 363 K. In addition, the dielectric properties and complex impedances at room temperature were analyzed in a frequency range from 20 Hz to 106 Hz. The results showed that CCTO ceramics with dielectric constant higher than 104 were obtained. Compared with the dry press forming, CCTO ceramics prepared by CIP had more homogeneous grains, less porosity and better dielectric properties.},
author = {Li, Jie and Xue, Hao and Xiong, Zhao Xian},
doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.368-372.123},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/CCTO{\_}Press{\_}KEM.368-372.123.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1662-9795},
journal = {Key Eng. Mater.},
keywords = {abstract,at typical frequencies,cacu 3 ti 4,ccto,ceramics were investigated,ceramics were prepared by,cip,cold isostatic press,cold isostatic press forming,forming combined,giant dielectric constant,method,o 12,temperature on properties of,the dielectric properties as,the effects of calcining,the function of temperature,with the conventional sintering},
month = {feb},
pages = {123--125},
title = {{Preparation and Characterization of CaCu{\textless}sub{\textgreater}3{\textless}/sub{\textgreater}Ti{\textless}sub{\textgreater}4{\textless}/sub{\textgreater}O{\textless}sub{\textgreater}12{\textless}/sub{\textgreater} Ceramics by Cold Isostatic Press Forming}},
url = {https://www.scientific.net/KEM.368-372.123},
volume = {368-372},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Pukhova2015,
abstract = {The transient eigenmode structure of an interacting cantilever during a single impact on different surfaces evidences the excitation of higher flexural modes and low frequency oscillations. The frequency shift of the fundamental mode after the tip comes into contact with the sample surface allows calculating the tip-sample interaction stiffness and evidences the role of capillary condensation and surface wettability on the cantilever dynamics. Wavelet transforms are used to trace the origin of spectral features in the cantilever spectra and calculate force gradients of the tip-sample interaction.},
author = {Pukhova, Valentina and Banfi, Francesco and Ferrini, Gabriele},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/26/17/175701},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/ransient eigenmodes analysis of single-impact cantilever dynamics combining Fourier and wavelet transforms.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
keywords = {Capillary condensation,Capillary forces,Force spectroscopy,Multifrequency atomic force microscopy,Nanomechanics,Thermally excited cantilever,Wavelet transform},
month = {may},
number = {17},
pages = {175701},
title = {{Transient eigenmodes analysis of single-impact cantilever dynamics combining Fourier and wavelet transforms}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/26/17/175701},
volume = {26},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Baikie2013,
author = {Baikie, Tom and Fang, Yanan and Kadro, Jeannette M. and Schreyer, Martin and Wei, Fengxia and Mhaisalkar, Subodh G. and Graetzel, Michael and White, Tim J.},
doi = {10.1039/c3ta10518k},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {18},
pages = {5628},
title = {{Synthesis and crystal chemistry of the hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 for solid-state sensitised solar cell applications}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c3ta10518k},
volume = {1},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Lozano2010,
abstract = {Standard spring constant calibration methods are compared when applied to higher eigenmodes of cantilevers used in dynamic atomic force microscopy (dAFM). Analysis shows that Sader's original method (Sader et al 1999 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70 3967-9), which relies on a priori knowledge of the eigenmode shape, is poorly suited for the calibration of higher eigenmodes. On the other hand, the thermal noise method (Hutter and Bechhoefer 1993 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64 1868-73) does not require knowledge of the eigenmode and remains valid for higher eigenmodes of the dAFM probe. Experimental measurements of thermal vibrations in air for three representative cantilevers are provided to support the theoretical results. {\textcopyright} 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
annote = {higher eigenmodes of cantilver (old, 2010)},
author = {Lozano, Jose R. and Kiracofe, Daniel and Melcher, John and Garcia, Ricardo and Raman, Arvind},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/21/46/465502},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Lozano2010.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {nov},
number = {46},
pages = {465502},
title = {{Calibration of higher eigenmode spring constants of atomic force microscope cantilevers}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/21/46/465502},
volume = {21},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Wang2016a,
abstract = {The charge recombination process is dominated by perovskite or mesoporous TiO 2 owing to different charge populations at various energy levels.},
author = {Wang, Hao-Yi and Wang, Yi and Yu, Man and Han, Jun and Guo, Zhi-Xin and Ai, Xi-Cheng and Zhang, Jian-Ping and Qin, Yujun},
doi = {10.1039/C6CP01360K},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wang et al. - 2016 - Mechanism of biphasic charge recombination and accumulation in TiO2 mesoporous structured perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1463-9076},
journal = {Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.},
number = {17},
pages = {12128--12134},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Mechanism of biphasic charge recombination and accumulation in TiO 2 mesoporous structured perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6CP01360K},
volume = {18},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Shoaee2018,
abstract = {Organic semiconductors are of great interest for a broad range of optoelectronic applications due to their solution processability, chemical tunability, highly scalable fabrication, and mechanical flexibility. In contrast to traditional inorganic semiconductors, organic semiconductors are intrinsically disordered systems and therefore exhibit much lower charge carrier mobilities—the Achilles heel of organic photovoltaic cells. In this progress review, the authors discuss recent important developments on the impact of charge carrier mobility on the charge transfer state dissociation, and the interplay of free charge extraction and recombination. By comparing the mobilities on different timescales obtained by different techniques, the authors highlight the dispersive nature of these materials and how this reflects on the key processes defining the efficiency of organic photovoltaics.},
author = {Shoaee, Safa and Stolterfoht, Martin and Neher, Dieter},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201703355},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Charge{\_}Extraction{\_}Advanced Energy Materials - 2018 - Shoaee - The Role of Mobility on Charge Generation  Recombination  and Extraction in.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {charge generation,charge recombination,extraction,mobility,organic solar cells,polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction},
month = {oct},
number = {28},
pages = {1703355},
title = {{The Role of Mobility on Charge Generation, Recombination, and Extraction in Polymer-Based Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201703355},
volume = {8},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Lee2018b,
abstract = {In this work, we report the benefits of incorporating phenethylammonium cation (PEA+) into (HC(NH2)2PbI3)0.85(CH3NH3PbBr3)0.15 perovskite for the first time. After adding small amounts of PEA cation ({\textless}10{\%}), the perovskite film morphology is changed but, most importantly, grain boundaries are passivated. This is supported by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). The passivation results in the increase in photoluminescence intensity and carrier lifetimes of test structures and open-circuit voltages (VOC) of the devices as long as the addition of PEA+ is ≤4.5{\%}. The presence of higher-band-gap quasi-2D PEA incorporated perovskite is responsible for the grain boundary passivation, and the quasi-2D perovskites are also found to be concentrated near the TiO2 layer, revealed by PL spectroscopy. Results of moisture exposure tests show that PEA+ incorporation is effective in slowing down the degradation of unencapsulated devices compared to the control devices without PEA+. These findings provide insights into the operation of perovskite solar cells when large cations are incorporated.},
annote = {Prinzip der Passivierung

Saba Karlsruhe

SI},
author = {Lee, Da Seul and Yun, Jae Sung and Kim, Jincheol and Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi and Chen, Sheng and Cho, Yongyoon and Deng, Xiaofan and Seidel, Jan and Lim, Sean and Huang, Shujuan and Ho-Baillie, Anita W.Y.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00121},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lee et al. - 2018 - Passivation of Grain Boundaries by Phenethylammonium in Formamidinium-Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {23808195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
number = {3},
pages = {647--654},
title = {{Passivation of Grain Boundaries by Phenethylammonium in Formamidinium-Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {3},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Fardi2016,
abstract = {Scanning Impedance Microscopy (SIM) is one of the novel scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques, which has been developed to taking image from sample surface, providing quantitative information with high lateral resolution on the interface capacitance, and investigating the local capacitance–voltage (C– V) behavior of the interface and AC transport properties. The SIM is an ordinary AFM equipped with a conductive tip (C-AFM), which is imaged by non-contact mode with harmonic detection. This method is based on the local detection of surface potential or the amplitude and phase of local voltage oscillations induced by a lateral periodic bias applied across the sample. SIM can simultaneously collect the amplitude and phase signals and image the morphology of the surfaces; afterward, calculate the corresponding histogram for each map. Hence, the amplitude and phase signals of the surface potential oscillations are related to the sample impedance. SIM can also be integrated with Surface Potential Microscopy (SSPM). The combination of these techniques provides an approach for the quantitative analysis of local DC and AC transport properties. These advantages give SIM a higher resolution than other SPM techniques and indicate its immense potential for vast applications. The combination of SSPM and SIM were demonstrated for a Schottky diode, but can be applied to any semiconductor device.},
annote = {Review},
author = {Fardi, Milad and {Sadegh Hassani}, Sedigheh},
doi = {10.7508/ijnd.2016.04.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/IJND{\_}Volume 7{\_}Issue 4{\_}Pages 278-283.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Int. J. Nano Dimens. Int. J. Nano Dimens},
keywords = {Impedance,Local transport properties,Scanning impedance microscopy,Scanning probe microscopy,Surface potential oscillations},
number = {74},
pages = {278--283},
title = {{Scanning impedance microscopy (SIM): A novel approach for AC transport imaging}},
url = {http://www.ijnd.ir/article{\_}22259{\_}d9bc9db73c655c3c372bce5ed88b1ebd.pdf},
volume = {7},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Etape2020,
abstract = {Improving on the very high temperatures used in solid-state synthesis routes to prepare CCTO ignited the idea of using oxalate routes which make use of organic solvents in the synthesis of CCTOX as oxalate intermediates to the decomposition product, CCTO. The use of commercial oxalic acids and oxalate has not only recorded a solubility problem which reflects on the size, shape, homogeneity, and morphology of the final product but also has an environmental impact originating from the solvents used. Both the composition and morphology of these inhomogeneities play a role in the behaviour of the final product, pointing out the need to assess the dependence of size, shape, homogeneity, and morphology and the material performance on the sample synthesis history. In this study, nanosized particles of calcium copper titanium oxide, CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (CCTO), were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of the corresponding heterometal oxalate precursors obtained via coprecipitation using the edible carambola fruit juice as a precipitating agent and investigated in detail. The precursors were characterized, and the results revealed the formation of a single molecular precursor represented by the formula CaCu 3 (TiO) 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 8 {\textperiodcentered}9H 2 O (CCTOX). The decomposition products, obtained via calcination in air, were subsequently subjected to thermal treatments at different temperatures for 4 hours. The morphology and microstructure were characterized, and analysis showed the formation of a single phase, CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (CCTO) with CuO and CaTiO 3 as impurity. It was observed from microscopy that the samples obtained from sintering at 600°C for four hours had discrete particles with regular morphology, limited size distribution, high degree of homogeneity, and multiple dimensions ranging between 10 and 35 nm and showed some degree of ellipticity in shape. Increasing the sintering temperature from 600°C to 700°C and 800°C increased the grain growth in the ceramic as well as the densification. The method makes advantage of the fact that oxalate precursors decomposed at relatively lower temperatures and the fact that the oxalate in the juice is in the solution which downplays both the solubility and environmental pollution problems since no additional solvents are used.},
author = {Etape, Ekane Peter and Foba-Tendo, Josepha and Namondo, Beckley Victorine and Yufanyi, Divine Mbom and Tedjieukeng, Hypolite Mathias Kamta and Fomekonga, Roussin Lontio and Ngolui, Lambi John},
doi = {10.1155/2020/8830136},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/CaCu3Ti4O12{\_}8830136.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1687-4110},
journal = {J. Nanomater.},
month = {oct},
pages = {1--7},
title = {{Nanosize CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 Green Synthesis and Characterization of a Precursor Oxalate Obtained from Averrhoa carambola Fruit Juice and Its Thermal Decomposition to the Perovskite}},
url = {https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2020/8830136/},
volume = {2020},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Vanorman2022,
abstract = {Metal halide perovskite materials have recently upended the field of photovoltaics and are aiming to make waves across a multitude of other fields and applications. Recently, perovskite nanocrystals have been synthesized and are rapidly outpacing traditional semiconductor nanocrystals in application driven fields due to their inherent defect tolerance and facile tunability, resulting in high photoluminescent quantum yields and efficient devices. Future improvements to perovskite nanocrystals toward device driven applications must come at the perovskite surface. The last half decade has resulted in considerable progress in tailoring the perovskite nanocrystal/ligand surface toward maximizing the optoelectronic performance. Here, we review the current progress and discuss how further improvements could be made to further improve this bright class of materials.},
author = {VanOrman, Zachary A. and Weiss, Rachel and Medina, Megan and Nienhaus, Lea},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04130},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/acs.jpclett.1c04130.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {feb},
number = {4},
pages = {982--990},
pmid = {35060738},
title = {{Scratching the Surface: Passivating Perovskite Nanocrystals for Future Device Integration}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04130},
volume = {13},
year = {2022}
}
@phdthesis{Cavar2022,
abstract = {A novel scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) method using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is discussed. By fitting the measured second derivative of the tip-sample capacitance to known models, dielectric constant maps of polystyrene droplets on a Si substrate are collected. Infinite- plane dielectric and thin-film dielectric models are compared, and representative ϵr values of both materials are collected. While the Si ϵr is within 7{\%} of the accepted value, different models produce different polystyrene ϵr values– and it is not clear which value is to be trusted in the nanoscale. Some toy systems are proposed to gain a better insight into the method specifications. I.},
author = {Cavar, Lukas Drago},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/F{\_}Praktikum{\_}1{\_}{\_}Scanning{\_}Capacitance{\_}Microscopy(2).pdf:pdf},
pages = {2--9},
school = {Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz},
title = {{Calibration, Measurement, and Analysis of Polystyrene Droplets on Si Substrate}},
type = {Internship report},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Zhan2016,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Zhan, Cheng and Zhang, Pengfei and Dai, Sheng and Jiang, De-en},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00483},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {dec},
number = {6},
pages = {1241--1246},
title = {{Boron Supercapacitors}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00483},
volume = {1},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Recart2006,
abstract = {The quasi-static capacitance-voltage (C-V) technique measures the dependence of junction capacitance on the bias voltage by applying a slow, reverse-bias voltage ramp to the solar cell in the dark, using simple circuitry. The resulting C-V curves contain information on the junction area and base dopant concentration, as well as their built-in potential. However, in the case of solar cells made on low to medium resistivity substrates and having thick emitters, the emitter dopant profile has to be taken into account. A simple method can then be used to model the complete C-V curves, which, if the base doping is known, permits one to estimate the emitter doping profile. To illustrate the method experimentally, several silicon solar cells with different base resistivities have been measured. They comprise a wide range of areas, surface faceting conditions and emitter doping profiles. The analysis of the quasi-static capacitance characteristics of the flat surface cells resulted in good agreement with independent data for the wafer resistivity and the emitter doping profile. The capacitance in the case of textured surfaces is a function of the effective junction area, which is otherwise difficult to measure, and is essential to understand the emitter and space charge region recombination currents. The results indicate that the effective area of the junction is not as large as the area of the textured surface. {\textcopyright} 2006 IEEE.},
author = {Recart, Federico and Cuevas, Andr{\'{e}}s},
doi = {10.1109/TED.2006.870846},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Application{\_}of{\_}junction{\_}capacitance{\_}measurements{\_}to{\_}the{\_}characterization{\_}of{\_}solar{\_}cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0018-9383},
journal = {IEEE Trans. Electron Devices},
keywords = {Capacitance,Photovoltaic cells,Space charge region (SCR)},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {442--448},
title = {{Application of junction capacitance measurements to the characterization of solar cells}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1597519/},
volume = {53},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Checa2021SI,
abstract = {Ferroelectric surfaces involve a complex interplay between polarization and dielectric properties, internal and external surface charge screening, and ionic and electrochemical effects. There is currently no good way to simultaneously capture all the required information at appropriate length scales. To this end, we present an advanced scanning probe microscopy approach for simultaneously mapping surface potential, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties on the nanoscale. For quantitatively mapping electromechancial properties, we utilize interferometric displacement sensing piezoresponse force microscopy, which measures the effective piezoelectric coefficient free of background artifacts such as the cantilever body electrostatics. The dielectric and surface electrochemical properties are captured during G-mode electrostatic force microscopy/Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in the lift mode. We show the capabilities of this approach on the chemically phase separated composite sample consisting of a van der Waals layered ferroelectric CuInP2S6 phase and a non-polar In4/3P2S6 phase. Finally, we demonstrate domain structure evolution during thermally stimulated phase transition.},
author = {Checa, M. and Neumayer, S. M. and Susner, M. A. and McGuire, M. A. and Maksymovych, P. and Collins, Liam},
doi = {10.1063/5.0078034},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/checa2021{\_}SI.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {dec},
number = {25},
pages = {252905},
title = {{SI: Simultaneous mapping of nanoscale dielectric, electrochemical, and ferroelectric surface properties of van der Waals layered ferroelectric via advanced SPM}},
url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0078034},
volume = {119},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Leite2014,
abstract = {To boost the efficiency of thin-film polycrystalline solar cells that are microscopically inhomogeneous, it is imperative to understand how the grain interiors (GIs) and grain boundaries (GBs) within these materials affect its overall electronic properties. By using an apertured near-field scanning optical microscope in an illumination mode, we determined the local photocurrent that is generated within the GIs and at the GBs with nanoscale resolution and correlate the results with surface morphology and composition. {\textcopyright} 2013 IEEE.},
annote = {Leite, Marina S. Photoelectronics},
author = {Leite, Marina S. and Abashin, Maxim and Lezec, Henri J. and Gianfrancesco, Anthony G. and Talin, A. Alec and Zhitenev, Nikolai B.},
doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2284860},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Leite et al. - 2014 - Mapping the local photoelectronic properties of polycrystalline solar cells through high resolution laser-beam-ind.pdf:pdf},
issn = {21563381},
journal = {IEEE J. Photovoltaics},
keywords = {Cadmium compounds,current measurement,grain boundaries (GBs),photovoltaic (PV) cells,scanning probe microscopy,thin-film devices,wavelength measurement},
number = {1},
pages = {311--316},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Mapping the local photoelectronic properties of polycrystalline solar cells through high resolution laser-beam-induced current microscopy}},
volume = {4},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{Goto1997,
author = {Goto, Kazuya and Hane, Kazuhiro},
booktitle = {Micromach. Imaging},
doi = {10.1117/12.271216},
editor = {Michalske, Terry A. and Wendman, Mark A.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/84.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0277786X},
keywords = {capacitance microscopy,capacitance modulation,dielectric thin film,quantitative capacitance measurement,tapping mode force microscopy,tip-sample distance},
month = {apr},
number = {April 1997},
pages = {84--91},
title = {{Tapping mode scanning capacitance microscopy: Feasibility of quantitative capacitance measurement}},
url = {http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=919163},
volume = {3009},
year = {1997}
}
@inproceedings{Carnie2015,
abstract = {Through materials and device developments and by using measurements such as transient photovoltage decay and impedance spectroscopy we have begun to identify recombination mechanisms in perovskite solar cells. At the forefront of our developments is a transparent, indium free, cathode which allows measurements to be made whilst illuminating from both the photoanode side and the cathode side of the device. Recombination is consistently faster when illuminated from the cathode side and we conclude that in this case, as charge carriers are generated closer to the perovskite/SPIRO-OMeTAD interface, interfacial recombination is a significant contributor to voltage losses within the device.},
author = {Carnie, Matthew J. and Troughton, Joel and Regan, Brian O. and Barnes, Piers and Bryant, Daniel and Watson, Trystan and Worsley, David},
booktitle = {2015 IEEE 42nd Photovolt. Spec. Conf.},
doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2015.7355675},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carnie et al. - 2015 - Identifying recombination mechanisms through materials development in perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-4799-7944-8},
keywords = {perovskite,photovoltaics,recombination,solar cells},
month = {jun},
pages = {1--3},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Identifying recombination mechanisms through materials development in perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7355675/},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Majid2023,
abstract = {In view of ecobenign nature of green synthesis, iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoflakes are synthesized via a green route. Three different vegetables (spinach, broccoli and pumpkin) extracts were used for the synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 nanoflakes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirm the formation of face centered cubic Fe 3 O 4 , while SEM analysis revealed the formation of nanoflakes. FTIR also confirm the Fe–O bands at 478 and 590 (cm −1 ) and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was observed at 280 nm. The magnetic properties were also investigated and Fe 3 O 4 prepared using spinach extract shows relatively low saturation magnetization (Ms) of ∼66 emu/g as compared to pumpkin (105 emu/g) and broccoli (130 emu/g) with ∼25Oe coercivity value. The antibacterial activity of Fe 3 O 4 nanoflakes was studied against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a highly promising antibacterial activity was observed. Results revealed that the Fe 3 O 4 nanoflakes prepared via a green route could have potential applications in biomedical field.},
annote = {[1 - 9] from {\{}Elayarani2024{\}}},
author = {Majid, Farzana and Bashir, Mahwish and Bibi, Ismat and Ayub, Maida and Khan, Babar Shahzad and Somaily, Hamoud H. and Al-Mijalli, Samiah H. and Nazir, Arif and Iqbal, Shahid and Iqbal, Munawar},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2022-0097},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1345--1360},
title = {{Green synthesis of magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoflakes using vegetables extracts and their magnetic, structural and antibacterial properties evaluation}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2022-0097/html},
volume = {237},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Whitesides2004,
abstract = {Insights into conducting research and the writing of scientific papers are given by Prof. Whitesides in this short essay. The manuscript and its guidelines has been circulated within the Whitesides' research group since 1989.},
author = {Whitesides, G. M.},
doi = {10.1002/adma.200400767},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/WhitesideGroupHowtoPaper.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0935-9648},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
month = {aug},
number = {15},
pages = {1375--1377},
title = {{Whitesides' Group: Writing a Paper}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.200400767},
volume = {16},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Kronik1999,
abstract = {The theoretical concepts, experimental tools, and applications of surface photovoltage (SPV) techniques are reviewed in detail. The theoretical discussion is divided into two sections. The first reviews the electrical properties of semiconductor surfaces and the second discusses SPV phenomena. Next, the most common tools for SPV measurements and their relative advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. These include the Kelvin probe and the use of MIS structures, as well as other less used techniques. Recent novel high-spatial-resolution SPV measurement techniques are also presented. Applications include surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) which is a very effective tool for gap state spectroscopy. An in-depth review of quantitative analyses, which permit the extraction of various important surface and bulk parameters, follows. These analyses include: carrier diffusion length; surface band bending, charge, and dipole; surface and bulk recombination rates; surface state distribution and properties; distinction between surface and bulk states; spectroscopy of thin films, heterostructures and quantum structures; and construction of band diagrams. Finally, concluding remarks are given.},
annote = {from (Barnea-Nehoshtan2014) [17]},
author = {Kronik, Leeor},
doi = {10.1016/S0167-5729(99)00002-3},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Review{\_}Photovoltage{\_}phenomena{\_}1-s2.0-S0167572999000023-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01675729},
journal = {Surf. Sci. Rep.},
month = {dec},
number = {1-5},
pages = {1--206},
title = {{Surface photovoltage phenomena: theory, experiment, and applications}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167572999000023},
volume = {37},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Brennan2020,
abstract = {Alloyed lead halide perovskites have taken a dominant role in the quest for third-generation solar cells. This is due to optimal light-harvesting properties, which can be tuned across the visible spectrum by mixing halide (X = Cl–, Br–, and I–) anions and A+ cations (A+ = FA+, MA+, and Cs+). Durability issues related to ion movement within the perovskite lattice, however, impede large-scale commercialization. Uniformly mixed halide perovskites [e.g., APb(I1–xBrx)3] reversibly segregate into narrow bandgap I-rich and wide bandgap Br-rich domains during continuous visible illumination. Subsequent I-rich domains reduce local open circuit voltages and decrease mixed halide perovskite solar cell power conversion efficiencies. In this review, we assess the known effects of halide segregation on the structural and optical properties of mixed halide materials, discuss ongoing research to suppress the phenomenon, and provide a mechanistic overview of its underlying origins.},
author = {Brennan, Michael C. and Ruth, Anthony and Kamat, Prashant V. and Kuno, Masaru},
doi = {10.1016/j.trechm.2020.01.010},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Brennan et al. - 2020 - Photoinduced Anion Segregation in Mixed Halide Perovskites.pdf:pdf},
issn = {25895974},
journal = {Trends Chem.},
keywords = {kinetics,perovskite,photoinduced,photosegregation},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {282--301},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Photoinduced Anion Segregation in Mixed Halide Perovskites}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2020.01.010 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2589597420300356},
volume = {2},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Gretz2020,
abstract = {We investigated the atomic structure of metal tips by scanning individual CO molecules adsorbed on Pt(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). When scanning very close over a CO molecule, the frontmost atoms of the tip can be individually resolved in both the FM-AFM image and in the STM image. This is in contrast to previous work where CO was adsorbed on a different substrate: Cu(111). In this previous study, individual atoms could not be observed in the raw STM image but only in FM-AFM. We discuss the mechanisms behind the higher spatial resolution in STM. On Cu(111), the occupied surface state plays a large role in STM images near the Fermi level, and as adsorbed CO repels the surface state, it appears as a wide trough in STM images. In contrast, Pt(111) lacks an occupied surface state and an adsorbed CO molecule appears as a peak. We investigate if CO bending strongly influences the STM images, concluding that the atomic resolution of the tip over Pt(111) is due to highly localized through-molecule tunneling and CO bending is insignificant for contrast formation. Modelling the current between the CO and front atoms of the tip supports our findings.},
author = {Gretz, O. and Weymouth, A. J. and Giessibl, F. J.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033094},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PhysRevResearch.2.033094.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2643-1564},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Res.},
keywords = {doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033094 url:https://d},
month = {jul},
number = {3},
pages = {033094},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
title = {{Identifying the atomic configuration of the tip apex using STM and frequency-modulation AFM with CO on Pt(111)}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033094 https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033094},
volume = {2},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lanyi1999,
abstract = {The scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) probe, a sharp tip, is a potential centre at which condensation of water vapour from the ambient atmosphere may occur. The water droplet, held by capillary forces, may connect the tip with the imaged surface and modify the local contribution to the tip-to-sample capacitance, and thus the sensitivity, contrast and lateral resolution of the SCM. The expected effects have been analysed by mapping the electrostatic field of the SCM probe.},
annote = {finite-element calculations of capacitance for a conical tip with an aqueous meniscus shows enhanced sensitivity from (Lee2006)},
author = {L{\'{a}}nyi, {\v{S}}tefan},
doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(199905/06)27:5/6<348::AID-SIA514>3.0.CO;2-O},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Surface   Interface Analysis - 1999 - L nyi - Effect of adsorbed water on the resolution of scanning capacitance.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0142-2421},
journal = {Surf. Interface Anal.},
keywords = {lateral resolution,scanning capacitance microscope,ðnite element methods},
month = {may},
number = {5-6},
pages = {348--353},
title = {{Effect of adsorbed water on the resolution of scanning capacitance microscopes}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(199905/06)27:5/6{\%}3C348::AID-SIA514{\%}3E3.0.CO;2-O},
volume = {27},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Banfi2012,
abstract = {This work introduces the concept of time–frequency map of the phase difference between the cantilever response signal and the driving signal, calculated with a wavelet cross-correlation technique. The wavelet cross-correlation quantifies the common power and the relative phase between the response of the cantilever and the exciting driver, yielding “instantaneous” information on the driver-response phase delay as a function of frequency. These concepts are introduced through the calculation of the response of a free cantilever subjected to continuous and impulsive excitation over a frequency band.},
author = {Banfi, Francesco and Ferrini, Gabriele},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.3.33},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Wavelet cross-correlation and phase analysis of a free cantilever subjected to band excitation.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2190-4286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {AFM,Band excitation,Force,Wavelet transforms},
month = {mar},
number = {1},
pages = {294--300},
pmid = {22497003},
title = {{Wavelet cross-correlation and phase analysis of a free cantilever subjected to band excitation}},
url = {https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/3/33},
volume = {3},
year = {2012}
}
@article{MacDougall2015,
abstract = {The transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions (TCRE) is a useful metric of climate warming that directly relates the cause of climate change (cumulative carbon emissions) to the most used index of climate change (global mean near-surface temperature change). In this paper, analytical reasoning is used to investigate why TCRE is near constant over a range of cumulative emissions up to 2000 Pg of carbon. In addition, a climate model of intermediate complexity, forced with a constant flux of CO2 emissions, is used to explore the effect of terrestrial carbon cycle feedback strength on TCRE. The analysis reveals that TCRE emerges from the diminishing radiative forcing from CO2 per unit mass being compensated for by the diminishing ability of the ocean to take up heat and carbon. The relationship is maintained as long as the ocean uptake of carbon, which is simulated to be a function of the CO2 emissions rate, dominates changes in the airborne fraction of carbon. Strong terrestrial carbon cycle feedbacks have a dependence on the rate of carbon emission and, when present, lead to TRCE becoming rate dependent. Despite these feedbacks, TCRE remains roughly constant over the range of the representative concentration pathways and therefore maintains its primary utility as a metric of climate change.},
author = {MacDougall, Andrew H. and Friedlingstein, Pierre},
doi = {10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00036.1},
issn = {0894-8755},
journal = {J. Clim.},
month = {may},
number = {10},
pages = {4217--4230},
title = {{The Origin and Limits of the Near Proportionality between Climate Warming and Cumulative CO2 Emissions}},
url = {http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00036.1},
volume = {28},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Han2016,
abstract = {Admixing PCBM and its dimer as electron transport material significantly improves charge carrier dynamic behavior in inverted perovskite device.},
author = {Han, Jun and Wang, Hao-Yi and Wang, Yi and Yu, Man and Yuan, Shuai and Sun, Peili and Qin, Yujun and Guo, Zhi-Xin and Zhang, Jian-Ping and Ai, Xi-Cheng},
doi = {10.1039/C6RA22023A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Han et al. - 2016 - Efficient promotion of charge separation and suppression of charge recombination by blending PCBM and its dimer as e.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2046-2069},
journal = {RSC Adv.},
number = {113},
pages = {112512--112519},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Efficient promotion of charge separation and suppression of charge recombination by blending PCBM and its dimer as electron transport layer in inverted perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6RA22023A},
volume = {6},
year = {2016}
}
@article{LeCorre2017,
abstract = {Charge transport in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is often characterized by steady-state mobilities. However, the suitability of steady-state mobilities to describe charge transport has recently been called into question, and it has been argued that dispersion plays a significant role. In this paper, the importance of the dispersion of charge carrier motion on the performance of organic photovoltaic devices is investigated. An experiment to measure the charge extraction time under realistic operating conditions is set up. This experiment is applied to different blends and shows that extraction time is directly related to the geometrical average of the steady-state mobilities. This demonstrates that under realistic operating conditions the steady-state mobilities govern the charge extraction of OPV and gives a valuable insight in device performance.},
author = {{Le Corre}, Vincent M. and Chatri, Azadeh Rahimi and Doumon, Nutifafa Y. and Koster, L. Jan Anton},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201701138},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Organic{\_}Solar{\_}cell{\_}Charge{\_}Extraction{\_}Advanced Energy Materials - 2017 - Le Corre - Charge Carrier Extraction in Organic Solar Cells Governed by Steady‐State.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {bulk-heterojunction solar cells,charge carrier extraction,organic photovoltaics,steady-state mobility},
month = {nov},
number = {22},
pages = {1701138},
title = {{Charge Carrier Extraction in Organic Solar Cells Governed by Steady-State Mobilities}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201701138},
volume = {7},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Tan2004,
abstract = {Variation of band gap across the nanowire length would be an exceptionally attractive property for the fabrication of on-nanowire devices such as resonance tunneling diodes (RTD). Band gap variation can be achieved by selective thinning of semiconductor wires by scanning probe lithography (SPL) technique. The external bias applied to a conductive AFM tip during scanning of CdTe nanowires was chosen so as to exceed the threshold of electric field-assisted evaporation of CdTe, estimated to be 5.5 V. Relatively high external voltages of 10-11 V cause fast and complete disintegration of a nanowire portion under the tip. In this way the nanowire can be cut to a desired length. Selection of a voltage between 5.5 and 10 V allows one to control the speed of CdTe evaporation. Thus, one can modulate the thickness of the semiconductor with angstrom scale precision along the nanowire length. Smaller diameter of the nanowire results in increase of quantum confinement in selected areas. The double barrier quantum well valence band profile necessary for the manufacturing of RTD Esaki diodes was demonstrated.},
author = {Tan, Susheng and Tang, Zhiyong and Liang, Xiaorong and Kotov, Nicholas A.},
doi = {10.1021/nl0492077},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/nl0492077.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1530-6984},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1637--1641},
title = {{Resonance Tunneling Diode Structures on CdTe Nanowires Made by Conductive AFM}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl0492077},
volume = {4},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Yang2020,
abstract = {Excess PbI2 has been widely introduced in halide perovskite precursor solution to passivate the grain boundary defects in high efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the passivation effect is highly sensitive to the PbI2 content and overmuch PbI2 affects the crystalline growth and charge transport. We report here a precious control of excess PbI2 into perovskite grain boundaries by methylamine treatment for efficacious defects passivation and charge extraction. The crystallization of the deposited perovskite films was carefully evaluated and the charge recombination dynamics were systematically analyzed through time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, space charge limited current, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky analysis. The precise PbI2 introduction to the grain boundaries results in a significantly lower defect state density, efficient charge extraction and prolonged carrier lifetime, causing a notable increase of short-circuit current density and negligible hysteresis in the corresponding device. Our work demonstrates a reliable method to alleviate the rigorous tolerance of PbI2 excess in high efficient PSCs.},
author = {Yang, Jin-an and Xiao, Andong and Xie, Lisha and Liao, Kejun and Deng, Xiaoyu and Li, Chengbo and Wang, Aili and Xiang, Yong and Li, Tingshuai and Hao, Feng},
doi = {10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135697},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}Charge{\_}extraction{\_}GB{\_}10.1016{\_}j.electacta.2020.135697.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00134686},
journal = {Electrochim. Acta},
keywords = {Bimolecular recombination,Crystallinity,Monomolecular recombination,Redistribution},
month = {apr},
pages = {135697},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Precise control of PbI2 excess into grain boundary for efficacious charge extraction in off-stoichiometric perovskite solar cells}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135697 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0013468620300888},
volume = {338},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hermes1983,
author = {Hermes, Ilka M. Hermes and Weber, Stefan A. L.},
doi = {10.31729/jnma.1240},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hermes, Weber - 1983 - Environmental science.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0025326X},
journal = {Mar. Pollut. Bull.},
number = {3},
pages = {112},
title = {{Environmental science}},
volume = {14},
year = {1983}
}
@article{JesperJacobsson2016,
abstract = {A systematic investigation of the compositional space for perovskite solar cells spanned by MAPbI 3 , MAPbBr 3 , FAPbI 3 and FAPbBr 3 .},
annote = {band gap of perovskite by chaniging halogenid},
author = {{Jesper Jacobsson}, T. and Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo and Pazoki, Meysam and Saliba, Michael and Schenk, Kurt and Gr{\"{a}}tzel, Michael and Hagfeldt, Anders},
doi = {10.1039/C6EE00030D},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {5},
pages = {1706--1724},
title = {{Exploration of the compositional space for mixed lead halogen perovskites for high efficiency solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6EE00030D},
volume = {9},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Biel2009,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Biel, Blanca and Blase, X. and Triozon, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Roche, Stephan},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.096803},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {9},
pages = {096803},
title = {{Anomalous Doping Effects on Charge Transport in Graphene Nanoribbons}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.096803},
volume = {102},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Fu2016a,
abstract = {Confocal photoluminescence microscopy is applied to investigate the time and spatial characteristics of light-induced trap de-activation in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite films.},
annote = {from (Schutz2022)},
author = {Fu, Xiao and Jacobs, Daniel A. and Beck, Fiona J. and Duong, The and Shen, Heping and Catchpole, Kylie R. and White, Thomas P.},
doi = {10.1039/C6CP03779H},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/c6cp03779h.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1463-9076},
journal = {Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.},
number = {32},
pages = {22557--22564},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Photoluminescence study of time- and spatial-dependent light induced trap de-activation in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite films}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6CP03779H},
volume = {18},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Higgins2006,
abstract = {Atomic force microscopes typically require knowledge of the cantilever spring constant and optical lever sensitivity in order to accurately determine the force from the cantilever deflection. In this study, we investigate a technique to calibrate the optical lever sensitivity of rectangular cantilevers that does not require contact to be made with a surface. This noncontact approach utilizes the method of Sader [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 3967 (1999)] to calibrate the spring constant of the cantilever in combination with the equipartition theorem [J. L. Hutter and J. Bechhoefer, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 1868 (1993)] to determine the optical lever sensitivity. A comparison is presented between sensitivity values obtained from conventional static mode force curves and those derived using this noncontact approach for a range of different cantilevers in air and liquid. These measurements indicate that the method offers a quick, alternative approach for the calibration of the optical lever sensitivity. {\textcopyright} 2006 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Higgins, M. J. and Proksch, R. and Sader, J. E. and Polcik, M. and {Mc Endoo}, S. and Cleveland, J. P. and Jarvis, S. P.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2162455},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.2162455.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {013701},
title = {{Noninvasive determination of optical lever sensitivity in atomic force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2162455},
volume = {77},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Lindqvist2014,
abstract = {The bulk-heterojunction nanostructure of non-crystalline polymer:fullerene blends has the tendency to rapidly coarsen when heated above its glass transition temperature, which represents an important degradation mechanism. We demonstrate that fullerene nucleating agents can be used to thermally arrest the nanostructure of photovoltaic blends that comprise a non-crystalline thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer and the widely used fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). To this end, C60 fullerene is employed to efficiently nucleate PCBM crystallization. Sub-micrometer-sized fullerene crystals are formed when as little as 2 wt{\%} C60 with respect to PCBM is added to the blend. These reach an average size of only 200 nanometers upon introduction of more than 8 wt{\%} C60. Solar cells based on C60-nucleated blends indicate significantly improved thermal stability of the bulk-heterojunction nanostructure even after annealing at an elevated temperature of 130 °C, which lies above the glass transition temperature of the blend. Moreover, we find that various other compounds, including C70 fullerene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and sodium benzoate, as well as a number of commercial nucleating agents - commonly used to clarify isotactic polypropylene - permit to control crystallization of the fullerene phase. Fullerene nucleating agents are used to thermally arrest the nanostructure of photovoltaic blends that comprise a non-crystalline thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). In particular, C60 efficiently nucleates PCBM crystallization and reduces the size of fullerene crystals to only 200 nanometers. Solar cells show significantly improved thermal stability of the bulk-heterojunction nanostructure even after annealing at an elevated temperature of 130 °C. {\textcopyright} 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH {\&} Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},
author = {Lindqvist, Camilla and Bergqvist, Jonas and Feng, Ching-Chiao and Gustafsson, Stefan and B{\"{a}}cke, Olof and Treat, Neil D. and Bounioux, C{\'{e}}line and Henriksson, Patrik and Kroon, Renee and Wang, Ergang and Sanz-Velasco, Anke and Kristiansen, Per Magnus and Stingelin, Natalie and Olsson, Eva and Ingan{\"{a}}s, Olle and Andersson, Mats R. and M{\"{u}}ller, Christian},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201301437},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Energy Materials - 2014 - Lindqvist - Fullerene Nucleating Agents  A Route Towards Thermally Stable Photovoltaic.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {conjugated polymer,fullerene,nucleating agent,solar cell,thermal stability},
month = {jun},
number = {9},
pages = {1301437},
title = {{Fullerene Nucleating Agents: A Route Towards Thermally Stable Photovoltaic Blends}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201301437},
volume = {4},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Sader2010,
abstract = {Energy dissipation experienced by vibrating microcantilever beams immersed in fluid is strongly dependent on the mode of vibration, with quality factors typically increasing with mode number. Recently, we examined energy dissipation in a new class of cantilever device that embeds a microfluidic channel in its interior-the fundamental mode of vibration only was considered. Due to its importance in practice, we examine the effect of mode number on energy dissipation in these microfluidic beam resonators. Interestingly, and in contrast to other cantilever devices, we find that the quality factor typically decreases with increasing mode number. We explore the underlying physical mechanisms leading to this counterintuitive behavior, and provide a detailed comparison to experimental measurements for which good agreement is found. {\textcopyright} 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Sader, John E. and Lee, Jungchul and Manalis, Scott R.},
doi = {10.1063/1.3514100},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Sader{\_}Bernoulli{\_}beam{\_}theory{\_}1.3514100.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {dec},
number = {11},
pages = {114507},
title = {{Energy dissipation in microfluidic beam resonators: Dependence on mode number}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3514100},
volume = {108},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Zhou2018,
abstract = {High adsorption capacity, fast adsorption kinetics, good reusability and low cost are highly demanded for adsorbents used in practical adsorption process. In this study, a porous double network Jute/Polyacrylic acid (Jute/PAA) gel was prepared using simple free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid in Jute aqueous solution. The high permeability of Jute/PAA hydrogel with about 80 wt{\%} water made internal adsorption sites fully expose to metal ions. The Jute/PAA gel adsorbent could efficiently adsorb heavy metals in melting wastewater, especially Cd2+ and Pb2+. The adsorbent showed very high adsorption capacities of 401.7 mg/g for Cd2+ and 542.9 mg/g for Pb2+. Moreover, the adsorption equilibrium reached within only 10 min for 40 mg/L of Cd2+ and Pb2+ using 1 g/L adsorbent. Meanwhile, the removal efficiencies reached 81.0{\%} for Pb (C0 = 3.825 mg/L), 79.3{\%} for Cd (C0 = 6.075 mg/L), 83.4{\%} for Cu (C0 = 9.325 mg/L), 29.8{\%} for Zn (C0 = 188.6 mg/L), 22.3{\%} for Mn (C0 = 17.05 mg/L), 96.2{\%} for Cr (C0 = 0.25 mg/L) and 99.8{\%} for Fe (C0 = 9.75 mg/L) in melting wastewater using 1 g/L adsorbent in 2 h. In particular, the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr decreased below 0.001 mg/L using 4 g/L adsorbent. In the fixed-bed column experiments, the treatment volume of melting wastewater reached 2900 BV (32.8 L) only producing 50 BV (565 mL) eluent. This work develops a highly practical adsorption process based on hydrogel adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals in actual wastewater.},
author = {Zhou, Guiyin and Luo, Jinming and Liu, Chengbin and Chu, Lin and Crittenden, John},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.067},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhou et al. - 2018 - Efficient heavy metal removal from industrial melting effluent using fixed-bed process based on porous hydrogel ads.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00431354},
journal = {Water Res.},
keywords = {Fixed-bed process,Gel adsorbent,Heavy metals,Melting wastewater},
month = {mar},
pages = {246--254},
pmid = {29294433},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Efficient heavy metal removal from industrial melting effluent using fixed-bed process based on porous hydrogel adsorbents}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.067 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004313541731062X},
volume = {131},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Fumagalli2006,
abstract = {Nanoscale capacitance imaging with attofarad resolution (∼1aF) of a nano-structured oxide thin film, using ac current sensing atomic force microscopy, is reported. Capacitance images are shown to follow the topographic profile of the oxide closely, with nanometre vertical resolution. A comparison between experimental data and theoretical models shows that the capacitance variations observed in the measurements can be mainly associated with the capacitance probed by the tip apex and not with positional changes of stray capacitance contributions. Capacitance versus distance measurements further support this conclusion. The application of this technique to the characterization of samples with non-voltage-dependent capacitance, such as very thin dielectric films, self-assembled monolayers and biological membranes, can provide new insight into the dielectric properties at the nanoscale. {\textcopyright} 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
annote = {Literature [9] fromn Fumagalli2007 --{\textgreater}nanoscale capacitance microscope explaination

contact mode / force feedback mode with special current-to-voltage amplifier},
author = {Fumagalli, L. and Ferrari, G. and Sampietro, M. and Casuso, I. and Mart{\'{i}}nez, E. and Samitier, J. and Gomila, G.},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/17/18/009},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Fumagalli{\_}2006{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}17{\_}4581.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {sep},
number = {18},
pages = {4581--4587},
title = {{Nanoscale capacitance imaging with attofarad resolution using ac current sensing atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/17/18/009},
volume = {17},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Almadori2018,
abstract = {In this work, methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) single crystals are studied by noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc- AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). We demonstrate that the surface photovoltage and crystal photostriction can be simultaneously investigated by implementing a specific protocol based on the acquisition of the tip height and surface potential during illumination sequences. The obtained data confirm the existence of lattice expansion under illumination in MAPbBr3 and that negative photocarriers accumulate near the crystal surface due to band bending effects. Time-dependent changes of the surface potential occurring under illumination on the scale of a few seconds reveal the existence of slow ion-migration mechanisms. Lastly, photopotential decay at the sub-millisecond time scale related to the photocarrier lifetime is quantified by performing KPFM measurements under frequency-modulated illumination. Our multimodal approach provides a unique way to investigate the interplay between the charges and ionic species, the photocarrier-lattice coupling and the photocarrier dynamics in hybrid perovskites.},
annote = {Photostriction und Mechanismus bei TR-Aufnahmen --{\textgreater} vllt. f{\"{u}}r Erkl{\"{a}}rung bei Auswertung


TR-Methode und Photostriction},
author = {Almadori, Yann and Moerman, David and Martinez, Jaume Llacer and Lecl{\`{e}}re, Philippe and Gr{\'{e}}vin, Benjamin},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.9.161},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Almadori et al. - 2018 - Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tr.pdf:pdf},
issn = {21904286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {Carrier lifetime,Ion migration,Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM),Noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM),Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites,Photostriction,Single crystals,Surface photovoltage (SPV),Time-resolved surface photovoltage},
number = {1},
pages = {1695--1704},
title = {{Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals}},
volume = {9},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Yun2016,
annote = {53 from Futscher2019},
author = {Yun, Jae S. and Seidel, Jan and Kim, Jincheol and Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi and Huang, Shujuan and Lau, Jonathan and Jeon, Nam Joong and Seok, Sang Il and Green, Martin A. and Ho-Baillie, Anita},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201600330},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Energy Materials - 2016 - Yun - Critical Role of Grain Boundaries for Ion Migration in Formamidinium and.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,grain boundaries,ion migration,organic–inorganic perovskites},
month = {jul},
number = {13},
pages = {1600330},
title = {{Critical Role of Grain Boundaries for Ion Migration in Formamidinium and Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201600330},
volume = {6},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Chirvony2018,
abstract = {Interpretation of the photoluminescence (PL) decay kinetics in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) is extremely important for understanding the mechanisms and control of charge recombination in these promising photovoltaic and optoelectronic materials. In this work, we give a review of current models describing the PL decay kinetics in MHP layers and nanocrystals with particular attention to the interpretation of long-lived PL decay components (hundreds of nanoseconds to microseconds). First, we analyze phenomenological photophysical models based on the rate equations, which describe the charge carrier recombination in MHP layers as an exclusively intrinsic bulk process. An important role of the carrier diffusion and nonradiative recombination on the layer surfaces is then discussed. A recently published approach is then analyzed, in the framework of which the observed long-lived components of PL decay kinetics in MHP nanocrystals are described in terms of the delayed luminescence mechanism arising due to the processes of multiple trapping and detrapping of carriers by shallow nonquenching traps. The possible origin of the shallow traps and perspectives to include the carrier trapping and detrapping processes in a model describing PL kinetics in MHP layers are discussed.},
author = {Chirvony, Vladimir S. and Mart{\'{i}}nez-Pastor, Juan P.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01241},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chirvony, Mart{\'{i}}nez-Pastor - 2018 - Trap-Limited Dynamics of Excited Carriers and Interpretation of the Photoluminescence Decay Kinetics.pdf:pdf},
issn = {19487185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
number = {17},
pages = {4955--4962},
pmid = {30107130},
title = {{Trap-Limited Dynamics of Excited Carriers and Interpretation of the Photoluminescence Decay Kinetics in Metal Halide Perovskites}},
volume = {9},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Juarez-Perez2014a,
abstract = {Organic-inorganic lead trihalide perovskites have emerged as an outstanding photovoltaic material that demonstrated a high 17.9{\%} conversion efficiency of sunlight to electricity in a short time. We have found a giant dielectric constant (GDC) phenomenon in these materials consisting on a low frequency dielectric constant in the dark of the order of $\epsilon$0 = 1000. We also found an unprecedented behavior in which $\epsilon$0 further increases under illumination or by charge injection at applied bias. We observe that $\epsilon$0 increases nearly linearly with the illumination intensity up to an additional factor 1000 under 1 sun. Measurement of a variety of samples of different morphologies, compositions, and different types of contacts shows that the GDC is an intrinsic property of MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3+). We hypothesize that the large dielectric response is induced by structural fluctuations. Photoinduced carriers modify the local unit cell equilibrium and change the polarizability, assisted by the freedom of rotation of MA. The study opens a way for the understanding of a key aspect of the photovoltaic operation of high efficiency perovskite solar cells. {\textcopyright} 2014 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Juarez-Perez, Emilio J. and Sanchez, Rafael S. and Badia, Laura and Garcia-Belmonte, Germ{\'{a}} and Kang, Yong Soo and Mora-Sero, Ivan and Bisquert, Juan},
doi = {10.1021/jz5011169},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/ori{\_}von{\_}15{\_}jz5011169.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
keywords = {giant dielectric constant,permittivity,perovskite,solar cell},
month = {jul},
number = {13},
pages = {2390--2394},
title = {{Photoinduced Giant Dielectric Constant in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz5011169},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Gu2018,
abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s). The electronic devices that play a vital role in our daily life are primarily based on silicon and are thus rigid, opaque, and relatively heavy. However, new electronics relying on polymer semiconductors are opening up new application spaces like stretchable and self-healing sensors and devices, and these can facilitate the integration of such devices into our homes, our clothing, and even our bodies. While there has been tremendous interest in such technologies, the widespread adoption of these organic electronics requires low-cost manufacturing techniques. Fortunately, the realization of organic electronics can take inspiration from a technology developed since the beginning of the Common Era: printing. This review addresses the critical issues and considerations in the printing methods for organic electronics, outlines the fundamental fluid mechanics, polymer physics, and deposition parameters involved in the fabrication process, and provides future research directions for the next generation of printed polymer electronics.},
annote = {Vorstellung von Meniscus Guided Coating von Polymerl{\"{o}}sungen},
author = {Gu, Xiaodan and Shaw, Leo and Gu, Kevin and Toney, Michael F. and Bao, Zhenan},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-02833-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gu et al. - 2018 - The meniscus-guided deposition of semiconducting polymers.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20411723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{The meniscus-guided deposition of semiconducting polymers}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02833-9},
volume = {9},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Weber2018,
abstract = {In this study, we use time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy to investigate current–voltage hysteresis in a hybrid lead-halide perovskite solar cell.},
annote = {Hermes et al.

Interessant TR (Ion Miration Review)},
author = {Weber, Stefan A. L. and Hermes, Ilka M. and Turren-Cruz, Silver-Hamill and Gort, Christopher and Bergmann, Victor W. and Gilson, Laurent and Hagfeldt, Anders and Graetzel, Michael and Tress, Wolfgang and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger},
doi = {10.1039/C8EE01447G},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weber et al. - 2018 - How the formation of interfacial charge causes hysteresis in perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {9},
pages = {2404--2413},
title = {{How the formation of interfacial charge causes hysteresis in perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C8EE01447G},
volume = {11},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Garrett2017a,
abstract = {In atomic force microscopy (AFM), the angle relative to the vertical axis ($\theta$i) that the tip apex of a cantilever moves is determined by the tilt of the probe holder and the geometries of the cantilever beam and actuated eigenmode i. Even though the effects of $\theta$i on static and single-frequency AFM are known (increased effective spring constant, sensitivity to sample anisotropy, etc.), the higher eigenmodes used in multifrequency force microscopy lead to additional effects that have not been fully explored. Here, we use Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to investigate how $\theta$i affects not only the signal amplitude and phase but can also lead to behaviors such as destabilization of the KPFM voltage feedback loop. We find that longer cantilever beams and modified sample orientations improve voltage feedback loop stability, even though variations to scanning parameters such as shake amplitude and lift height do not.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1704.05736},
author = {Garrett, Joseph L. and Krayer, Lisa J. and Palm, Kevin J. and Munday, Jeremy N.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4996720},
eprint = {1704.05736},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4996720.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {4},
pages = {043105},
title = {{Effect of lateral tip motion on multifrequency atomic force microscopy}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4996720 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4996720},
volume = {111},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Sacha2004,
author = {Sacha, G. M. and S{\'{a}}enz, J. J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1797539},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1797539.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {sep},
number = {13},
pages = {2610--2612},
title = {{Cantilever effects on electrostatic force gradient microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1797539 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article/85/13/2610-2612/320357},
volume = {85},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Beyer2007,
abstract = {Scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) is considered a suitable technique to examine dopant profiles and to provide images of the charge carrier distribution in real device structures. A drawback of the application is the sensitivity of the method to different kinds of charges in the surface passivation layer. For a systematic study silicon structures with stripe patterns of different doping concentrations, covered either by a native oxide or by a thermally grown silicondioxide layer, were examined. The dependence of the dC/dV characteristic on the sweep rate of the tip bias and on the bias sweep direction was analyzed. Local charge trapping in the passivation layer was estimated from shifts of the peak position of the dC/dV versus V curves. It is demonstrated as to how features related to the charge trapping in the passivation layer and induced by a certain dc bias at the tip superimpose the dopant related features in the SCM image. {\textcopyright} 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Beyer, Reinhard and Schmidt, Bernd},
doi = {10.1016/j.mee.2006.10.061},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Scanning-capacitance-microscopy-and-the-role-of-localized{\_}2007{\_}Microelectron.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01679317},
journal = {Microelectron. Eng.},
keywords = {Charge trapping,Dopant profiling,Oxide layer,Scanning capacitance microscopy},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {376--381},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy and the role of localized charges in dielectric films: Infering or challenging?}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167931706005569},
volume = {84},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Schwenk2020,
annote = {[22]},
author = {Schwenk, Johannes and Kim, Sungmin and Berwanger, Julian and Ghahari, Fereshte and Walkup, Daniel and Slot, Marlou R. and Le, Son T. and Cullen, William G. and Blankenship, Steven R. and Vranjkovic, Sasa and Hug, Hans J. and Kuk, Young and Giessibl, Franz J. and Stroscio, Joseph A.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0005320},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {071101},
title = {{Achieving $\mu$ eV tunneling resolution in an in-operando scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and magnetotransport system for quantum materials research}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0005320},
volume = {91},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Busch2006,
author = {Busch, P. and Posselt, D. and Smilgies, D. M. and Rheinl{\"{a}}nder, B. and Kremer, F. and Papadakis, C. M.},
doi = {10.1021/ma0602627},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Busch et al. - 2006 - Erratum Lamellar Diblock copolymer thin films investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy Molar-mass depe.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00249297},
journal = {Macromolecules},
number = {8},
pages = {3098},
title = {{Erratum: Lamellar Diblock copolymer thin films investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy: Molar-mass dependence of surface ordering (Macromolecules (2003) 36:23 (8717-8727) DOI: 10.1021/ma0602626)}},
volume = {39},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Tainter2019,
abstract = {Metal-halide perovskites are promising solution-processable semiconductors for efficient solar cells with unexpectedly high diffusion ranges of photogenerated charges. Here, we study charge extraction and recombination in metal-halide perovskite back-contact devices, which provide a powerful experimental platform to resolve electron- or hole-only transport phenomena. We prepare polycrystalline films of perovskite semiconductors over laterally separated electron- and hole-selective materials of SnO2 and NiOx. Upon illumination, electrons (holes) generated over SnO2 (NiOx) rapidly transfer to the buried collection electrode, leaving holes (electrons) to diffuse laterally as majority carriers in the perovskite layer. Under these conditions, we find recombination is strongly suppressed. Resulting surface recombination velocities are below 2 cm s−1, approaching values of high-quality silicon. We find diffusion lengths exceed 12 $\mu$m, an order of magnitude higher than reported in vertically stacked architectures. We fabricate back-contact solar cells with short-circuit currents as high as 18.4 mA cm−2, reaching 70{\%} external quantum efficiency. Metal-halide perovskites are promising sustainable low-cost materials for optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and LEDs. To optimize performance in these applications, a detailed understanding of charge transport characteristics and the influence of interfaces, such as grain boundaries, is vital. At present, a wide range of transport parameters have been reported, often via indirect measurements, since direct measurement has proven challenging. Here, we demonstrate an approach based on measurements in a back-contact geometry that is capable of probing electron and hole transport mechanisms separately. Such insights are not typically accessible in vertical architectures. We demonstrate a back-contact perovskite device, which we find to operate by majority-carrier diffusion and find that charges diffuse remarkable distances in such scenarios. Diffusion over remarkably long distances over electron-extraction electrodes enables efficient charge collection in short-circuit conditions. A detailed understanding of charge transport is vital to maximize the efficiencies of optoelectronic devices. Using a back-contact architecture, the authors probe transport of electrons and holes separately in polycrystalline hybrid perovskite thin films. Isolating photoexcited charge carriers in separate regions of the device leads to long diffusion ranges of carriers. The authors demonstrate a back-contact perovskite solar cell that operates on majority-carrier diffusion. These results highlight electrode interfaces as limiting aspects of current back-contact architectures, indicating opportunities for improvement.},
author = {Tainter, Gregory D. and H{\"{o}}rantner, Maximilian T. and Pazos-Out{\'{o}}n, Luis M. and Lamboll, Robin D. and Āboliņ{\v{s}}, Haralds and Leijtens, Tomas and Mahesh, Suhas and Friend, Richard H. and Snaith, Henry J. and Joyce, Hannah J. and Deschler, Felix},
doi = {10.1016/j.joule.2019.03.010},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/perovskite{\_}charge{\_}extraction{\_}1-s2.0-S2542435119301047-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {25424351},
journal = {Joule},
keywords = {charge carrier diffusion,charge carrier recombination,charge carrier transport,optoelectronics,perovskites,photocurrent microscopy,photoluminescence spectroscopy,photovoltaics,renewable energy,solar cells},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {1301--1313},
title = {{Long-Range Charge Extraction in Back-Contact Perovskite Architectures via Suppressed Recombination}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2542435119301047},
volume = {3},
year = {2019}
}
@book{Bhushan2001,
abstract = {We study a family of "classical" orthogonal polynomials which satisfy (apart from a 3-term recurrence relation) an eigenvalue problem with a differential operator of Dunkl-type. These polynomials can be obtained from the little {\$}q{\$}-Jacobi polynomials in the limit {\$}q=-1{\$}. We also show that these polynomials provide a nontrivial realization of the Askey-Wilson algebra for {\$}q=-1{\$}.},
address = {Dordrecht},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1011.1669},
author = {Vinet, Luc and Zhedanov, Alexei},
booktitle = {Syria Stud.},
doi = {10.1007/978-94-010-0736-8},
editor = {Bhushan, Bharat},
eprint = {1011.1669},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/2001{\_}Book{\_}FundamentalsOfTribologyAndBrid.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-0-7923-6837-3},
issn = {17549469},
keywords = {Biafra,Cultural theory,DS92.S9,Ethnic conflict,Fulani,Hausa,Hierarchy,Ibo,Individualism,Journal article,Nigeria,Public Administration,Syria,Syria--History--21st century,Syria--Politics and government,Yoruba,civi war onset,civil war,corporate,economic development,exclusion,global governance,good governance,governance,governance theories,government,icle,indian,lack of accountability,leadership philosophy,poor governance,rebel mobilization,self-governance,syria,the bhagavad-gita,unescap},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {37--72},
pmid = {25246403},
publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
title = {{Fundamentals of Tribology and Bridging the Gap Between the Macro- and Micro/Nanoscales}},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269107473{\_}What{\_}is{\_}governance/link/548173090cf22525dcb61443/download{\%}0Ahttp://www.econ.upf.edu/{~}reynal/Civil wars{\_}12December2010.pdf{\%}0Ahttps://think-asia.org/handle/11540/8282{\%}0Ahttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41857625},
volume = {7},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Gudovskikh2006,
abstract = {A new technique for characterization of interface defects in a-Si:H/c-Si heterostructure solar cells from capacitance spectroscopy measurements under illumination at forward bias close to open-circuit voltage is described. The proposed method allows to significantly increase the sensitivity to interface defects compared to conventional capacitance measurements at zero or small negative bias. Results of numerical modelling as well as experimental data obtained on n-type a-Si:H/p-type c-Si heterojunctions are presented. The sensitivity of the proposed method to interface states and the influence of various parameters like band mismatch, density of interface defects, recombination velocity at the back contact are discussed. {\textcopyright} 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Gudovskikh, A.S. and Kleider, J.P. and Stangl, R.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.11.100},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Gudovskikh2006{\_}1-s2.0-S0022309306002535-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00223093},
journal = {J. Non. Cryst. Solids},
keywords = {Electrical and electronic properties,Heterojunctions,Measurement techniques,Solar cells,Surfaces and interfaces},
month = {jun},
number = {9-20},
pages = {1213--1216},
title = {{New approach to capacitance spectroscopy for interface characterization of a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunctions}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022309306002535},
volume = {352},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Yater1992,
abstract = {A method for preparing cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens using thin film processing techniques is described. Optical lithography is used to pattern lines of photoresist on the sample, followed by shadow evaporation of Al against the resist sidewalls. Removal of the resist leaves free standing, 100 nm wide metal lines on the surface. A selective, anisotropic reactive ion etch into the substrate then produces 1.5 $\mu$m tall, 100 $\mu$m wide walls, which, when turned on their sides, are sufficiently thin to allow transmission of high energy electrons in the TEM. This technique permits very specific, as well as very large, regions of a sample to be thinned for cross sectional examination. The processing steps are straightforward and may be easily adapted to other materials.},
author = {Yater, J. A. and Thompson, Michael O.},
doi = {10.1116/1.586296},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yater, Thompson - 1992 - Preparation of transmission electron microscopy cross sections using nanofabrication techniques.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1071-1023},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct. Process. Meas. Phenom.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {183--186},
title = {{Preparation of transmission electron microscopy cross sections using nanofabrication techniques}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/jvb/article/10/1/183/419499/Preparation-of-transmission-electron-microscopy},
volume = {10},
year = {1992}
}
@article{Singh2020,
abstract = {Imperfections such as heterogeneity at different length scales, static versus dynamic disorders, defects in the bulk, surface imperfections, grain boundaries, and interface imperfections of solution-processed hybrid metal—halide perovskite semiconductors are known to be detrimental to the solar cell performance. These imperfections influence voltage losses and charge transport by the formation of undesirable non-radiative channels. Photo-generated charge carriers recombine via these non-radiative channels and hamper the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Scientists are aiming to decode the nature of these defects by a better understanding of their origins and by developing novel engineering techniques for the passivation of defect states. In this review article, we explain the different kinds of imperfection and discuss their impact on charge carrier transport in PSCs through optical studies. Furthermore, we summarize the efforts made in the community to passivate these defect states by various kinds of additive engineering such as solvent additives, small-organic-molecule additives, potassium-ion additives, graded 3D—2D perovskite materials, etc. Finally, this review provides an insight into defect dynamics and passivation strategies that allows us to understand the nature of defects and helps in the development of future trends in passivation methods.},
author = {Singh, Shivam and Laxmi and Kabra, Dinesh},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6463/abb487},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Defects{\_}Perovskite{\_}Singh{\_}2020{\_}J.{\_}Phys.{\_}D{\_}{\_}Appl.{\_}Phys.{\_}53{\_}503003.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-3727},
journal = {J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys.},
keywords = {Defect passivation,Halide-perovskites,Localized states,Solar cells},
month = {dec},
number = {50},
pages = {503003},
title = {{Defects in halide perovskite semiconductors: impact on photo-physics and solar cell performance}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/abb487},
volume = {53},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Garcia2012,
abstract = {In atomic force microscopy a cantilever with a sharp tip attached to it is scanned over the surface of a sample, and information about the surface is extracted by measuring how the deflection of the cantilever - which is caused by interactions between the tip and the surface - varies with position. In the most common form of atomic force microscopy, dynamic force microscopy, the cantilever is made to vibrate at a specific frequency, and the deflection of the tip is measured at this frequency. But the motion of the cantilever is highly nonlinear, and in conventional dynamic force microscopy, information about the sample that is encoded in the deflection at frequencies other than the excitation frequency is irreversibly lost. Multifrequency force microscopy involves the excitation and/or detection of the deflection at two or more frequencies, and it has the potential to overcome limitations in the spatial resolution and acquisition times of conventional force microscopes. Here we review the development of five different modes of multifrequency force microscopy and examine its application in studies of proteins, the imaging of vibrating nanostructures, measurements of ion diffusion and subsurface imaging in cells. {\textcopyright} 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.},
annote = {Review of multifreq.

[25] from {\{}DeVoogd2017{\}}},
author = {Garcia, Ricardo and Herruzo, Elena T.},
doi = {10.1038/nnano.2012.38},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/nnano.2012.38.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1748-3387},
journal = {Nat. Nanotechnol.},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {217--226},
pmid = {22466857},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{The emergence of multifrequency force microscopy}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nnano.2012.38},
volume = {7},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Kimura2015,
abstract = {The device performances of organic thin film transistors are often limited by the metal-organic interface because of the disordered molecular layers at the interface and the energy barriers against the carrier injection. It is important to study the local impedance at the interface without being affected by the interface morphology. We combined frequency modulation atomic force microscopy with scanning impedance microscopy (SIM) to sensitively measure the ac responses of the interface to an ac voltage applied across the interface and the dc potential drop at the interface. By using the frequency-modulation SIM (FM-SIM) technique, we characterized the interface impedance of a Pt electrode and a single pentacene grain as a parallel circuit of a contact resistance and a capacitance. We found that the reduction of the contact resistance was caused by the reduction of the energy level mismatch at the interface by the FM-SIM measurements, demonstrating the usefulness of the FM-SIM technique for investigation of the local interface impedance without being affected by its morphology.},
author = {Kimura, Tomoharu and Kobayashi, Kei and Yamada, Hirofumi},
doi = {10.1063/1.4927921},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4927921{\_}freq{\_}modulation{\_}read.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {aug},
number = {5},
pages = {055501},
title = {{Local impedance measurement of an electrode/single-pentacene-grain interface by frequency-modulation scanning impedance microscopy}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4927921 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4927921},
volume = {118},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Giannazzo2020,
abstract = {Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising materials for future electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, their electronic properties are strongly affected by peculiar nanoscale defects/inhomogeneities (point or complex defects, thickness fluctuations, grain boundaries, etc.), which are intrinsic of these materials or introduced during device fabrication processes. This paper reviews recent applications of conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) to the investigation of nanoscale transport properties in TMDs, discussing the implications of the local phenomena in the overall behavior of TMD-based devices. Nanoscale resolution current spectroscopy and mapping by C-AFM provided information on the Schottky barrier uniformity and shed light on the mechanisms responsible for the Fermi level pinning commonly observed at metal/TMD interfaces. Methods for nanoscale tailoring of the Schottky barrier in MoS2 for the realization of ambipolar transistors are also illustrated. Experiments on local conductivity mapping in monolayer MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on SiO2 substrates are discussed, providing a direct evidence of the resistance associated to the grain boundaries (GBs) between MoS2 domains. Finally, C-AFM provided an insight into the current transport phenomena in TMD-based heterostructures, including lateral heterojunctions observed within MoxW1–xSe2 alloys, and vertical heterostructures made by van der Waals stacking of different TMDs (e.g., MoS2/WSe2) or by CVD growth of TMDs on bulk semiconductors.},
author = {Giannazzo, Filippo and Schilir{\`{o}}, Emanuela and Greco, Giuseppe and Roccaforte, Fabrizio},
doi = {10.3390/nano10040803},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Giannazzo et al. - 2020 - Conductive atomic force microscopy of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides and heterostructures.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20794991},
journal = {Nanomaterials},
keywords = {Conductive atomic force microscopy,Conductivity,Heterostructures,Schottky barrier,Transition metal dichalcogenides},
number = {4},
pages = {1--21},
title = {{Conductive atomic force microscopy of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides and heterostructures}},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Greetham2012,
abstract = {Time-resolved multiple probe spectroscopy combines optical, electronic, and data acquisition capabilities to enable measurement of picosecond to millisecond time-resolved spectra within a single experiment, using a single activation pulse. This technology enables a wide range of dynamic processes to be studied on a single laser and sample system. The technique includes a 1 kHz pump, 10 kHz probe flash photolysis-like mode of acquisition (pump-probe-probe-probe, etc.), increasing the amount of information from each experiment. We demonstrate the capability of the instrument by measuring the photolysis of tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO) 6) monitored by IR absorption spectroscopy, following picosecond vibrational cooling of product formation through to slower bimolecular diffusion reactions on the microsecond time scale. {\textcopyright} 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Greetham, G. M. and Sole, D. and Clark, I. P. and Parker, A. W. and Pollard, M. R. and Towrie, M.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4758999},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4758999.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00346748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
number = {10},
title = {{Time-resolved multiple probe spectroscopy}},
volume = {83},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Gramse2012,
abstract = {In atomic force microscopy, a probe brought into contact or near-contact with a sample “feels” the surface via mechanical interaction forces. This is appealing, because the experimental data are intuitively understandable. More importantly, this places no special restrictions on the nonmechanical properties of the sample or its environment, making it an extremely versatile method.Compared to quasi-static force microscopy schemes, dynamic techniques offer enhanced sensitivity and resolution. In ultrahigh vacuum, atomic resolution is almost routine.1,2 However, a dense liquid environment greatly affects the dynamic properties of the AFM probe. Dynamic AFM techniques in liquid media therefore pose unique challenges, and molecular/atomic resolution has been achieved only recently.3,4 This chapter discusses some of the instrumentation challenges encountered in the conversion of a commercial AFM instrument for high-resolution, frequency-modulated AFM (FM-AFM) in a liquid environment. Both imaging and spectroscopy are demonstrated in application examples. The chapter concludes with a brief outlook on the prospects of dynamic AFM for the study of biomaterials.},
annote = {heterodyne detection mode in EFM

previous work of (Gramse2013)},
author = {Gramse, G. and Edwards, M. A. and Fumagalli, L. and Gomila, G.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4768164},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4768164.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9789814324779},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {nov},
number = {21},
pages = {213108},
publisher = {WORLD SCIENTIFIC},
title = {{Dynamic electrostatic force microscopy in liquid media}},
url = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789814324779{\_}0007 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4768164},
volume = {101},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Cox2015,
abstract = {We demonstrate nanoscale imaging of charge transfer state photoexcitations in polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells using time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy (trEFM). We compare local trEFM charging rates and external quantum efficiencies (EQE) for both above-gap and below-gap excitation of the model system poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) and [6,6]-phenyl C{\textless}inf{\textgreater}61{\textless}/inf{\textgreater} butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). We show that the local trEFM charging rate correlates with device EQE for both above-gap and below-gap photoexcitation, demonstrating that EFM methods have sufficient sensitivity to detect the low EQEs associated with CT state formation, a result that could be useful for probing weak subgap excitations in nanostructured materials such as quantum dot and organometal halide perovskite solar cells. Further, we use trEFM to map spatial variations in EQE arising from subgap CT excitation in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and find that the local distribution of photocurrent arising from these states is nearly identical to the spatial variation in EQE from above-gap singlet excitation. These results are consistent with recent work showing that both above-gap and below-gap excitation have similar internal quantum efficiency.},
annote = {Ginger, David S. TR-Methoden

TR-EFM wahrscheinlich nur},
author = {Cox, Phillip A. and Glaz, Micah S. and Harrison, Jeffrey S. and Peurifoy, Samuel R. and Coffey, David C. and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01360},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cox et al. - 2015 - Imaging Charge Transfer State Excitations in PolymerFullerene Solar Cells with Time-Resolved Electrostatic Force Mic.pdf:pdf},
issn = {19487185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
keywords = {atomic force microscopy,charge transfer state,photovoltaics,polymer solar cells,time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy},
number = {15},
pages = {2852--2858},
title = {{Imaging Charge Transfer State Excitations in Polymer/Fullerene Solar Cells with Time-Resolved Electrostatic Force Microscopy}},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Park2018,
abstract = {Two dimensional layered organic-inorganic halide perovskites offer a wide variety of novel functionality such as solar cell and optoelectronics and magnetism. Self-assembly of these materials using solution process (ex. spin coating) makes crystalline thin films synthesized at ambient environment. However, flexibility of organic layer also poses a structure stability issue in perovskite thin films against environment factors (ex. moisture). In this study, we investigate the effect of solvents and moisture on structure and property in the (C6H5(CH2)2NH3)2(Cu, Mn)Cl4 (Cu-PEA, Mn-PEA) perovskite thin films spin-coated on Si wafer using three solvents (H2O, MeOH, MeOH + H2O). A combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) show that relative humidity (RH) has a profound effect on perovskite thin films during sample synthesis and storage, depending on the kind of solvent used. The ones prepared using water (Cu-PEA:H2O, Mn-PEA:H2O) show quite different behavior from the other cases. According to time-dependent XRD, reversible crystalline-amorphous transition takes place depending on RH in the former cases, whereas the latter cases relatively remain stable. It also turns out from XAS that Mn-PEA thin films prepared with solvents such as MeOH and MeOH + H2O are disordered to the depth of about 4 nm from surface.},
author = {Park, Garam and Oh, In-Hwan and Park, J. M. Sungil and Jung, Jinyong and You, Chun-Yeol and Kim, June-Seo and Kim, Yonghwan and Jung, Jong Hoon and Hur, Namjung and Kim, Younghak and Kim, J.-Y. and Hong, Chang Seop and Kim, Ki-Yeon},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-23012-2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/2D{\_}Perovskite{\_}s41598-018-23012-2.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2045-2322},
journal = {Sci. Rep.},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {4661},
pmid = {29549304},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Solvent-dependent self-assembly of two dimensional layered perovskite (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2MCl4 (M = Cu, Mn) thin films in ambient humidity}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23012-2 http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23012-2},
volume = {8},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Wang2017,
abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Perovskite solar cells are remarkably efficient; however, they are prone to degradation in water, oxygen and ultraviolet light. Cation engineering in 3D perovskite absorbers has led to reduced degradation. Alternatively, 2D Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites exhibit improved stability, but have not delivered efficient solar cells so far. Here, we introduce n-butylammonium cations into a mixed-cation lead mixed-halide FA 0.83  Cs 0.17  Pb(I y Br 1-y ) 3  3D perovskite. We observe the formation of 2D perovskite platelets, interspersed between highly orientated 3D perovskite grains, which suppress non-radiative charge recombination. We investigate the relationship between thin-film composition, crystal alignment and device performance. Solar cells with an optimal butylammonium content exhibit average stabilized power conversion efficiency of 17.5 ± 1.3{\%} with a 1.61-eV-bandgap perovskite and 15.8 ± 0.8{\%} with a 1.72-eV-bandgap perovskite. The stability under simulated sunlight is also enhanced. Cells sustain 80{\%} of their post burn-in' efficiency after 1,000 h in air, and close to 4,000 h when encapsulated.},
author = {Wang, Zhiping and Lin, Qianqian and Chmiel, Francis P. and Sakai, Nobuya and Herz, Laura M. and Snaith, Henry J.},
doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2017.135},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wang et al. - 2017 - Efficient ambient-air-stable solar cells with 2D-3D heterostructured butylammonium-caesium-formamidinium lead halid.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20587546},
journal = {Nat. Energy},
number = {9},
pages = {1--10},
title = {{Efficient ambient-air-stable solar cells with 2D-3D heterostructured butylammonium-caesium-formamidinium lead halide perovskites}},
volume = {2},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Law2002,
abstract = {In this paper we quantitatively compare various electrostatic models, which describe the interaction of a polarized atomic force microscopy tip with a molecularly smooth and grounded substrate, with a large experimental data set collected at many different tip potentials. The model by Hudlet et al. [Eur. Phys. J. B 2, 5 (1998)] provides an excellent description of the experimental data for tip parameters (height H, cone half-angle $\theta$0, and tip radius R0) close to their typical values, provided contributions from the cantilever body are included.},
annote = {experimental prove of (Hudlet1998a)},
author = {Law, B. M. and Rieutord, F.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.66.035402},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PhysRevB.66.035402.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {jun},
number = {3},
pages = {035402},
title = {{Electrostatic forces in atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.035402},
volume = {66},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Han2015,
abstract = {MgO ultrathin nanolayers are able to efficiently retard charge recombination in perovskite solar cells.},
author = {Han, Gill Sang and Chung, Hyun Suk and Kim, Byeong Jo and Kim, Dong Hoe and Lee, Jin Wook and Swain, Bhabani Sankar and Mahmood, Khalid and Yoo, Jin Sun and Park, Nam-Gyu and Lee, Jung Heon and Jung, Hyun Suk},
doi = {10.1039/C4TA03684K},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Han et al. - 2015 - Retarding charge recombination in perovskite solar cells using ultrathin MgO-coated TiO2 nanoparticulate films.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {17},
pages = {9160--9164},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Retarding charge recombination in perovskite solar cells using ultrathin MgO-coated TiO 2 nanoparticulate films}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4TA03684K},
volume = {3},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Cai2018,
abstract = {The electrical potential distribution within photovoltaic devices plays critical roles in governing charge carrier dynamics and the device performance. Here we present the electrical potential distribution within highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in working status. We found the major potential drop existing at the perovskite/mesoporous TiO2 interface, indicating one diode junction in mesoporous PSCs. In contrast, the major potential drop was found on both sides of the perovskite layer in planar PSCs, exhibiting two diode junctions where the charge carriers could be recombined more easily than single-junction PSCs. We further controlled the position of diode junctions in planar PSCs by changing the dopant concentration. The undesirable charge recombination was largely suppressed, which enabled a better ideality factor and a higher efficiency 20.12{\%} for planar PSCs with the increase of donor concentration. The present study will be helpful for understanding the fundamental mechanism within PSCs and achieving high device efficiency. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most promising low-cost photovoltaic technology, whose power conversion efficiency has increased rapidly in a few years. In approaching the Shockley limit on a single-junction solar cell, one of the major challenges lies in the lack of deeper understanding of the fundamental principles of working devices. It is of great importance to clarify the electrical field distribution within the PSCs for a deeper understanding of the energy loss mechanism. Here, we present a way to control the position of diode junctions and the charge recombination in planar structured PSCs by changing the dopant concentration in perovskite film. The undesirable charge recombination was largely suppressed, which enabled a better ideality factor and a higher efficiency for planar PSCs. The authors demonstrate the difference of the electrical field distribution between mesoporous and planar perovskite solar cells and also elucidate how the electrical field varies with the perovskite composition, leading to a change in charge recombination and diode ideality factor. The high efficiency beyond 20{\%} is achieved by controlling the potential distribution of the device.},
annote = {Problem mit Messung von Photospannung in MAPI (Proben Saba u.a.)

PbI2 rich
MAI rich

Paper},
author = {Cai, Molang and Ishida, Nobuyuki and Li, Xing and Yang, Xudong and Noda, Takeshi and Wu, Yongzhen and Xie, Fengxian and Naito, Hiroyoshi and Fujita, Daisuke and Han, Liyuan},
doi = {10.1016/j.joule.2017.11.015},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cai et al. - 2018 - Control of Electrical Potential Distribution for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {25424351},
journal = {Joule},
keywords = {KPFM,diode characterization,efficiency,electrical potential distribution,heterojunction,perovskite solar cell},
number = {2},
pages = {296--306},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Control of Electrical Potential Distribution for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.11.015},
volume = {2},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Gottesman2014,
abstract = {Photoconductivity measurements of CH3NH3PbI 3 deposited between two dielectric-protected Au electrodes show extremely slow response. The CH3NH3PbI3, bridging a gap of ∼2000 nm, was subjected to a DC bias and cycles of 5 min illumination and varying dark duration. The approach to steady -state photocurrent lasted tens of seconds with a strong dependence on the dark duration preceding the illumination. On the basis of DFT calculations, we propose that under light + bias the methylammonium ions are freed to rotate and align along the electric field, thus modifying the structure of the inorganic scaffold. While ions alignment is expected to be fast, the adjustment of the inorganic scaffold seems to last seconds as reflected in the extremely slow photoconductivity response. We propose that under working conditions a modified, photostable, perovskite structure is formed, depending on the bias and illumination parameters. Our findings seem to clarify the origin of the well-known hysteresis in perovskite solar cells. {\textcopyright} 2014 American Chemical Society.},
annote = {from Futscher2019},
author = {Gottesman, Ronen and Haltzi, Eynav and Gouda, Laxman and Tirosh, Shay and Bouhadana, Yaniv and Zaban, Arie and Mosconi, Edoardo and {De Angelis}, Filippo},
doi = {10.1021/jz501373f},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/extreme{\_}slow{\_}dynamics{\_}perovskite{\_}jz501373f.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
keywords = {dipole alignment,light harvesting material,photoconductivity,solar cells},
month = {aug},
number = {15},
pages = {2662--2669},
title = {{Extremely Slow Photoconductivity Response of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskites Suggesting Structural Changes under Working Conditions}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz501373f},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Guarnera2015,
author = {Guarnera, Simone and Abate, Antonio and Zhang, Wei and Foster, Jamie M. and Richardson, Giles and Petrozza, Annamaria and Snaith, Henry J.},
doi = {10.1021/jz502703p},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {feb},
number = {3},
pages = {432--437},
title = {{Improving the Long-Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells with a Porous Al 2 O 3 Buffer Layer}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz502703p},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Zhang2015,
abstract = {Solution-processed metal halide perovskite semiconductors, such as CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , have exhibited remarkable performance in solar cells, despite having non-negligible density of defect states. A likely candidate is halide vacancies within the perovskite crystals, or the presence of metallic lead, both generated due to the imbalanced I/Pb stoichiometry which could evolve during crystallization. Herein, we show that the addition of hypophosphorous acid (HPA) in the precursor solution can significantly improve the film quality, both electronically and topologically, and enhance the photoluminescence intensity, which leads to more efficient and reproducible photovoltaic devices. We demonstrate that the HPA can reduce the oxidized I 2 back into I − , and our results indicate that this facilitates an improved stoichiometry in the perovskite crystal and a reduced density of metallic lead.},
annote = {HPA improvement},
author = {Zhang, Wei and Pathak, Sandeep and Sakai, Nobuya and Stergiopoulos, Thomas and Nayak, Pabitra K. and Noel, Nakita K. and Haghighirad, Amir A. and Burlakov, Victor M. and DeQuilettes, Dane W. and Sadhanala, Aditya and Li, Wenzhe and Wang, Liduo and Ginger, David S. and Friend, Richard H. and Snaith, Henry J.},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms10030},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhang et al. - 2015 - Enhanced optoelectronic quality of perovskite thin films with hypophosphorous acid for planar heterojunction solar.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {10030},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Enhanced optoelectronic quality of perovskite thin films with hypophosphorous acid for planar heterojunction solar cells}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10030},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Pingree2005,
abstract = {A conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) technique has been developed that is capable of quantitatively measuring the magnitude and phase of alternating current flow through the tip/sample junction with a five order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity. Bridge-enhanced nanoscale impedance microscopy (BE-NIM) uses a tunable resistor/capacitor bridge circuit to null the spurious contribution to the tip/sample current caused by fringe capacitance between the cAFM cantilever and the sample. As a proof of principle, BE-NIM is used to characterize an array of electron-beam lithographically patterned metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors and compared directly to conventional nanoscale impedance microscopy. In addition, BE-NIM is applied to a multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly (m -phenylenevinylene-co-2,5-dioctyloxy-p- phenylenevinylene) nanocomposite material, on which the alternating current behavior of individual nanoscale conductive pathways is quantitatively probed. {\textcopyright} 2005 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Pingree, L. S. C. and Hersam, M. C.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2137874},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Imp{\_}1.2137874.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {dec},
number = {23},
pages = {233117},
title = {{Bridge-enhanced nanoscale impedance microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2137874},
volume = {87},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Graham2000,
abstract = {We have recently developed a technique capable of mapping variations in the thickness of thin dielectric films. This technique is based on accurately recording the capacitance between a spherical probe and the conductive substrate of a dielectric film. Once the capacitance has been recorded, and assuming the dielectric constant is known, the thickness of the film can be readily extracted, with better than 0.2 $\mu$m accuracy. In the current experimental configuration, the probe can be raster scanned with respect to the surface of the dielectric film, enabling one to record three-dimensional images and observe any spatial variations in sample thickness. The spatial resolution (i.e., the imaging resolution) of the technique is primarily dictated by the size of the probe and currently rests at ∼200 $\mu$m. This technique is applicable to any dielectric film on a conductive substrate, assuming the dielectric constant is known.},
annote = {8 from Gomalia2008},
author = {Graham, John and Kryzeminski, Marek and Popovic, Zoran},
doi = {10.1063/1.1150609},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {2219--2223},
title = {{Capacitance based scanner for thickness mapping of thin dielectric films}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/rsi/article/71/5/2219/435790/Capacitance-based-scanner-for-thickness-mapping-of},
volume = {71},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Dagdeviren2019,
abstract = {Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile surface characterization method that can map a sample's topography with high spatial resolution while simultaneously interrogating its surface chemistry through the site-specific high-resolution quantification of the forces acting between the sample and the probe tip. Thanks to considerable advances in AFM measurement technology, such local measurements of chemical properties have gained much popularity in recent years. To this end, dynamic AFM methodologies are implemented where either the oscillation frequency or the oscillation amplitude and phase of the vibrating cantilever are recorded as a function of tip-sample distance and subsequently converted to reflect tip-sample forces or interaction potentials. Such conversion has, however, been shown to produce non-negligible errors when applying the most commonly used mathematical conversion procedures if oscillation amplitudes are of the order of the decay length of the interaction. Extending on these earlier findings, the computational study presented in this paper reveals that the degree of divergence from actual values may also critically depend on both the overall strength of tip-sample interaction and the distance at which the interaction is obtained. These systematic errors can, however, be effectively eliminated by using oscillation amplitudes that are sufficiently larger than the decay length of the interaction potential.},
author = {Dagdeviren, Omur E. and Schwarz, Udo D.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5089634},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.5089634.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {033707},
pmid = {30927822},
title = {{Accuracy of tip-sample interaction measurements using dynamic atomic force microscopy techniques: Dependence on oscillation amplitude, interaction strength, and tip-sample distance}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5089634 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5089634},
volume = {90},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Jeong2021,
abstract = {Solution-processed halide perovskites have emerged as excellent optoelectronic materials for applications in photovoltaic solar cells and light-emitting diodes. However, the presence of mobile ions in the material hinders the development of perovskite field-effect transistors (FETs) due to screening of the gate potential in the nearby perovskite channel, and the resulting impediment to achieving gate modulation of an electronic current at room temperature. Here, room-temperature operation is demonstrated in cesium lead tribromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite-based FETs using an auxiliary ferroelectric gate of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)], to electrostatically fixate the mobile ions. The large interfacial polarization of the ferroelectric gate attracts the mobile ions away from the main nonferroelectric gate interface, thereby enabling modulation of the electronic current through the channel by the main gate. This strategy allows for realization of the p-type CsPbBr3 channel and revealing the thermally activated nature of the hole charge transport. The proposed strategy is generic and can be applied for regulating ions in a variety of ionic–electronic mixed semiconductors.},
author = {Jeong, Beomjin and Veith, Lothar and Smolders, Thijs J.A.M. and Wolf, Matthew J. and Asadi, Kamal},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202100486},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/adma.202100486.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15214095},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {ferroelectric polarization,ion transport,lead halide perovskites,perovskite transistors,thin films},
title = {{Room-Temperature Halide Perovskite Field-Effect Transistors by Ion Transport Mitigation}},
volume = {2100486},
year = {2021}
}
@book{Voigtlander2015,
abstract = {This book explains the operating principles of atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. The aim of this book is to enable the reader to operate a scanning probe microscope successfully and understand the data obtained with the microscope. The chapters on the scanning probe techniques are complemented by the chapters on fundamentals and important technical aspects. This textbook is primarily aimed at graduate students from physics, materials science, chemistry, nanoscience and engineering, as well as researchers new to the field.},
address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
annote = {Buch Voigtl{\"{a}}nder

SPM},
author = {Voigtl{\"{a}}nder, Bert},
booktitle = {At. Force Microsc. Scanning Tunneling Microsc.},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-45240-0},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Voigtl{\"{a}}nder - 2015 - Scanning Probe Microscopy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-3-662-45239-4},
keywords = {Atomic Force Microscopy,Non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy,Scanning Probe Microscopy,Scanning Tunneling Microscopy,Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy},
pages = {382},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {NanoScience and Technology},
title = {{Scanning Probe Microscopy}},
url = {https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-45240-0 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-45240-0},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Tennyson2019b,
abstract = {Tuning the halide composition in semiconductor perovskite materials is relevant for light-emitting and absorbing applications, as it significantly affects the dynamics of both the optical and electrical properties. Yet, a precise understanding of how the halide species influence the electrical behavior of the perovskite remains vague and speculative. In this work, we elucidate the transient voltage of two pure-halide perovskite film compositions (CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3) to directly compare the role of the halide in ionic species migration. We capture the photovoltage rise and residual voltage relaxation upon switching the illumination ON and subsequently OFF using Kelvin-probe force microscopy. We discover a unique and unforeseen wavelength-dependent voltage decay for CH3NH3PbBr3. Here, high-energy photons induce a more than 1 order of magnitude slower voltage decline toward equilibrium (i.e., dark conditions) than low-energy photons. Conversely, we find that the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite composition has a wavelength-independent decay rate. The difference in electrical response occurs primarily because of the halide composition, as ion migration rates are reduced with higher Br content. The results detailed here yield new experimental insights about ion/defect activation energies in different perovskite films and devices, underlining a new parameter, photon energy (wavelength), which must be considered when assessing the fundamental photophysics within these materials.},
author = {Tennyson, Elizabeth M. and Howard, John M. and Roose, Bart and Garrett, Joseph L. and Munday, Jeremy N. and Abate, Antonio and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b03089},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tennyson et al. - 2019 - The Effects of Incident Photon Energy on the Time-Dependent Voltage Response of Lead Halide Perovskites(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0897-4756},
journal = {Chem. Mater.},
month = {nov},
number = {21},
pages = {8969--8976},
title = {{The Effects of Incident Photon Energy on the Time-Dependent Voltage Response of Lead Halide Perovskites}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b03089},
volume = {31},
year = {2019}
}
@misc{Video_Zurich_Lock_in,
annote = {https://www.zhinst.com/others/en/resources/principles-of-lock-in-detection},
author = {{Zurich Instruments}},
doi = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIjBRA2S0NQ},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kibblewhite, Ewans - 1985 - Wave-wave interactions, microseisms, and infrasonic ambient noise in the ocean.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Principles of Lock-in Detection (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= ZIjBRA2S0NQ; Abgeufen am 28.02.2021)}},
url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIjBRA2S0NQ},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Naber2005,
author = {Naber, Ronald C. G. and Tanase, Cristina and Blom, Paul W. M. and Gelinck, Gerwin H. and Marsman, Albert W. and Touwslager, Fred J. and Setayesh, Sepas and de Leeuw, Dago M.},
doi = {10.1038/nmat1329},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/high{\_}k{\_}flourinated{\_}polymers{\_}nmat1329.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1476-1122},
journal = {Nat. Mater.},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {243--248},
title = {{High-performance solution-processed polymer ferroelectric field-effect transistors}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat1329},
volume = {4},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Hoppe2006,
abstract = {Within the different organic photovoltaic devices the conjugated polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction approach is one of the foci of today's research interest. These devices are highly dependent on the solid state nanoscale morphology of the two components (donor/acceptor) in the photoactive layer. The need for finely phase separated polymer-fullerene blends is expressed by the limited exciton diffusion length present in organic semiconductors. Typical distances that these photo-excitations can travel within a pristine material are around 10-20 nm. In an efficient bulk heterojunction the scale of phase separation is therefore closely related to the respective exciton diffusion lengths of the two materials involved. Once the excitons reach the donor/acceptor interface, the photoinduced charge transfer results in the charge separation. After the charges have been separated they require percolated pathways to the respective charge extracting electrodes in order to supply an external direct current. Thus also an effective charge transport relies on the development of a suitable nanomorphology i.e. bicontinuous interpenetrating phase structures within these blend films. The present feature article combines and summarizes the experimental findings on this nanomorphology-efficiency relationship. {\textcopyright} The Royal Society of Chemistry 2006.},
author = {Hoppe, Harald and Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar},
doi = {10.1039/B510618B},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/b510618b.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0959-9428},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem.},
number = {1},
pages = {45--61},
title = {{Morphology of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=B510618B},
volume = {16},
year = {2006}
}
@article{An2021,
abstract = {The fundamental structure–property relationships in the Cs y FA 1− y Pb(Br x I 1− x ) 3 compositional space are reported.},
author = {An, Yu and Perini, Carlo Andrea Riccardo and Hidalgo, Juanita and Castro-M{\'{e}}ndez, Andr{\'{e}}s-Felipe and Vagott, Jacob N. and Li, Ruipeng and Saidi, Wissam A. and Wang, Shirong and Li, Xianggao and Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo},
doi = {10.1039/D1EE02691G},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/d1ee02691g.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {12},
pages = {6638--6654},
title = {{Identifying high-performance and durable methylammonium-free lead halide perovskites via high-throughput synthesis and characterization}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1EE02691G},
volume = {14},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Hofer2013,
abstract = {Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques offer various characterization methods for thin organic films. However, the majority of the electrical SPM measurements is currently performed in contact mode operation and may lead to severe damage at the surface of soft organic materials. This work shows the electrical characterization of organic insulator and semiconductor films by use of two SPM techniques operating with reduced lateral forces between SPM tip and sample. The first one is intermittent-contact scanning-capacitance-microscopy (IC-SCM) which is used for the detection of the local surface capacitance. The second one is torsional resonance tunneling-atomic-force-microscopy (TR-TUNA) which shows the local conductivity respectively relative film thickness of the sample. It is found that the tunneling current distribution across 50 nm thick organic insulating films is very homogeneous and that inhomogeneities in P3HT and Pentacene films can be pinpointed even if no topographical variations are observable. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
annote = {IC-SCM

IC-SCM auf Solarzellenhalbleitermaterialen},
author = {Hofer, Alexander and Biberger, Roland and Benstetter, G{\"{u}}nther and Wilke, Bj{\"{o}}rn and G{\"{o}}bel, Holger},
doi = {10.1016/j.microrel.2013.07.086},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hofer et al. - 2013 - Scanning probe microscopy based electrical characterization of thin dielectric and organic semiconductor films.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00262714},
journal = {Microelectron. Reliab.},
month = {sep},
number = {9-11},
pages = {1430--1433},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Scanning probe microscopy based electrical characterization of thin dielectric and organic semiconductor films}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2013.07.086 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0026271413002618},
volume = {53},
year = {2013}
}
@book{Cox1987,
address = {New York},
author = {Cox, Phillip A.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Cox - Structure and bonding.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780198552048},
pages = {270},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
title = {{The Electronic Structure and Chemistry of Solids}},
url = {https://www.worldcat.org/de/title/14213060},
year = {1987}
}
@article{Wessels2012,
abstract = {Proper illumination is essential for light microscopy. Whereas in early years incandescent light was the only illumination, today, more and more specialized light sources, such as lasers or arc lamps are used. Because of the high efficiency and brightness that light‐emitting diodes (LED) have reached today, they have become a serious alternative for almost all kinds of illumination in light microscopy. LED have a high durability, do not need expensive electronics, and they can be switched in nanoseconds. Besides this, they are available throughout the UV/Vis/NIR‐spectrum with a narrow bandwidth. This makes them ideal light sources for fluorescence microscopy. The white LED, with a color temperature ranging from 2,600 up to 5,000 K is an excellent choice for bright‐field illumination with the additional advantage of simple brightness adjustments without changing the spectrum. This review discusses the different LED types, their use in the fluorescence microscope, and discusses LED as specialized illumination sources for F{\"{o}}rster resonance energy transfer and fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy. {\textcopyright} 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry},
annote = {[1 -5] from {\{}Yudco2023{\}}},
author = {Wessels, Johannes T. and Pliquett, Uwe and Wouters, Fred S.},
doi = {10.1002/cyto.a.22023},
issn = {1552-4922},
journal = {Cytom. Part A},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {188--197},
title = {{Light‐emitting diodes in modern microscopy—from David to Goliath?}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.22023},
volume = {81A},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Tress2013a,
abstract = {In the course of miniaturization down to the nanometer scale, much remains unknown concerning how and to what extent the properties of materials are changed. To learn more about the dynamics of condensed isolated polymer chains, we used broadband dielectric spectroscopy and a capacitor with nanostructured electrodes separated by 35 nanometers. We measured the dynamic glass transition of poly(2-vinylpyridine) and found it to be bulk-like; only segments closer than 0.5 nanometer to the substrate were weakly slowed. Our approach paves the way for numerous experiments on the dynamics of isolated molecules.},
annote = {Nanoparticles Dilution / Thinning of solution (SI) values!!!

Friedrich Kr{\"{a}}mer Leipzig

from Werner Steffen},
author = {Tress, Martin and Mapesa, Emmanuel U. and Kossack, Wilhelm and Kipnusu, Wycliffe K. and Reiche, Manfred and Kremer, Friedrich},
doi = {10.1126/science.1238950},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tress et al. - 2013 - Glassy dynamics in condensed isolated polymer chains.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10959203},
journal = {Science (80-. ).},
number = {6152},
pages = {1371--1374},
title = {{Glassy dynamics in condensed isolated polymer chains}},
volume = {341},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Hidalgo2019,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention as efficiencies have gone beyond 24{\%}. To achieve these impressive numbers, the PSC scientific community is working to improve the perovskite optoelectronic properties. Imaging and mapping characterization techniques have been widely used to understand the fundamental properties that allow lead halide perovskites to achieve high performance. In this review, these techniques are evaluated, from simple tools, such as electron microscopy, to more complex systems that include atomic force microscopy, synchrotron-based X-ray mapping, and ultrafast and photoluminescence mapping. These tools have helped understand lead halide perovskites and their impressive optoelectronic properties, which make them outstanding materials for solar cell applications.},
annote = {23 from (Howard2020a)},
author = {Hidalgo, Juanita and Castro-M{\'{e}}ndez, Andr{\'{e}}s Felipe and Correa-Baena, Juan Pablo},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201900444},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Energy Materials - 2019 - Hidalgo - Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146840},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {imaging,lead halide perovskites,mapping,optoelectronic properties,perovskite solar cells,semiconductors},
number = {30},
pages = {1--30},
title = {{Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {9},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Breshears2022a,
author = {Breshears, Madeleine D and Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Pothoof, Justin and Ginger, David S},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00738},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/ci2c00738{\_}si{\_}002{\_}tr{\_}EFM.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1549-9596},
journal = {J. Chem. Inf. Model.},
month = {sep},
number = {18},
pages = {4342--4350},
title = {{A Robust Neural Network for Extracting Dynamics from Electrostatic Force Microscopy Data (SI)}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00738},
volume = {62},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Seeholzer2019,
abstract = {One mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) is frequency-modulation AFM, in which the tip is driven to oscillate at its resonance frequency which changes as the tip interacts with the surface. Frequency-modulation lateral force microscopy (FM-LFM) is the variant of this technique in which the tip is oscillated along the surface. For an isolated adsorbate on a flat surface, the only signal in FM-LFM is caused by the short-range interaction with the adsorbate. Various deconvolution methods exist to convert the observed frequency shift into the more physically relevant parameters of force and energy. While these methods are often used for FM-AFM data, the high number of inflection points of FM-LFM data make standard deconvolution methods less reliable. In this article, we present a method based on Fourier decomposition of FM-LFM data and apply it to data taken of an isolated CO molecule on the Pt(111) surface. We probe the potential energy landscape past the potential energy minimum and show how over an adsorbate, the potential energy can be evaluated with a single FM-LFM image.},
author = {Seeholzer, T. and Gretz, O. and Giessibl, F. J. and Weymouth, A. J.},
doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/ab3353},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Seeholzer{\_}2019{\_}New{\_}J.{\_}Phys.{\_}21{\_}083007.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1367-2630},
journal = {New J. Phys.},
keywords = {Atomic force microscopy,Force deconvolution,Frequency-modulation lateral force microscopy (fm-,Lateral force microscopy,Pt(111)},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {083007},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{A Fourier method for estimating potential energy and lateral forces from frequency-modulation lateral force microscopy data}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/ab3353},
volume = {21},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Kundys2015,
abstract = {Light-matter interactions that lead to nonthermal changes in size of the sample constitute a photostrictive effect in many compounds. The photostriction phenomenon was observed in four main groups of materials, ferroelectrics, polar, and non-polar semiconductors, as well as in organic-based materials that are reviewed here. The key mechanisms of photostriction and its dependence on several parameters and perturbations are assessed. The major literature of the photostriction is surveyed, and the review ends with a summary of the proposed technical applications.},
author = {Kundys, B.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4905505},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kundys - 2015 - Photostrictive materials.pdf:pdf},
issn = {19319401},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Rev.},
number = {1},
title = {{Photostrictive materials}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4905505},
volume = {2},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Wang2019,
author = {Wang, Rui and Mujahid, Muhammad and Duan, Yu and Wang, Zhao‐Kui and Xue, Jingjing and Yang, Yang},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.201808843},
issn = {1616-301X},
journal = {Adv. Funct. Mater.},
month = {nov},
number = {47},
pages = {1808843},
title = {{A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201808843},
volume = {29},
year = {2019}
}
@article{DeQuilettes2016,
abstract = {Organic–inorganic perovskites such as CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 are promising materials for a variety of optoelectronic applications, with certified power conversion efficiencies in solar cells already exceeding 21{\%}. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art films still contain performance-limiting non-radiative recombination sites and exhibit a range of complex dynamic phenomena under illumination that remain poorly understood. Here we use a unique combination of confocal photoluminescence (PL) microscopy and chemical imaging to correlate the local changes in photophysics with composition in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films under illumination. We demonstrate that the photo-induced ‘brightening' of the perovskite PL can be attributed to an order-of-magnitude reduction in trap state density. By imaging the same regions with time-of-flight secondary-ion-mass spectrometry, we correlate this photobrightening with a net migration of iodine. Our work provides visual evidence for photo-induced halide migration in triiodide perovskites and reveals the complex interplay between charge carrier populations, electronic traps and mobile halides that collectively impact optoelectronic performance.},
annote = {from (Schutz2022)},
author = {DeQuilettes, Dane W. and Zhang, Wei and Burlakov, Victor M. and Graham, Daniel J. and Leijtens, Tomas and Osherov, Anna and Bulovi{\'{c}}, Vladimir and Snaith, Henry J. and Ginger, David S. and Stranks, Samuel D.},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms11683},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/ncomms11683.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
month = {may},
number = {1},
pages = {11683},
pmid = {27216703},
title = {{Photo-induced halide redistribution in organic–inorganic perovskite films}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms11683},
volume = {7},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Si2020,
abstract = {Metal halide perovskite materials, benefiting from a combination of outstanding optoelectronic properties and low-cost solution-preparation processes, show tremendous potential for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. However, the nanoscale inhomogeneities of the electronic properties of perovskite materials cause a number of difficulties, such as recombination, stability, and hysteresis, all of which seriously restrict device performance. Scanning probe microscopy, as a high-resolution imaging technique, has been widely used to connect local properties and micro-area morphologies to overall device performance. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) can realize a real-space visualization of topography coupled with optoelectronic properties on a microscopic scale and thereby is uniquely suited to probe the local effects of perovskite materials and devices. The fundamental principles, alternative operation modes, and development of C-AFM are comprehensively reviewed, and applications in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for electronic transport behavior, ion migration and hysteresis, ferroelectric polarization, and facet orientation investigation are discussed. A comprehensive understanding and summary of up-to-date applications in PSCs is beneficial to further fully exploit the potential of such an emerging technique, so as to provide a novel and effective approach for perovskite materials analysis.},
author = {Si, Haonan and Zhang, Suicai and Ma, Shuangfei and Xiong, Zhaozhao and Kausar, Ammarah and Liao, Qingliang and Zhang, Zheng and Sattar, Abdul and Kang, Zhuo and Zhang, Yue},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201903922},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Si et al. - 2020 - Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146840},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {conductive atomic force microscopy,electronic transport behavior,ferroelectricity,ion migration,perovskite materials,perovskite solar cells},
number = {10},
title = {{Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells}},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Shao2016,
abstract = {Grain boundaries have been demonstrated as the dominating ion migration channels in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite films.},
author = {Shao, Yuchuan and Fang, Yanjun and Li, Tao and Wang, Qi and Dong, Qingfeng and Deng, Yehao and Yuan, Yongbo and Wei, Haotong and Wang, Meiyu and Gruverman, Alexei and Shield, Jeffery and Huang, Jinsong},
doi = {10.1039/C6EE00413J},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/GB{\_}large{\_}grains{\_}ion{\_}migration{\_}charge{\_}pero{\_}c6ee00413j.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {5},
pages = {1752--1759},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Grain boundary dominated ion migration in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite films}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6EE00413J},
volume = {9},
year = {2016}
}
@inproceedings{Rumble2022_CRC_polymers_er,
author = {Rumble, John R.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/CRC{\_}Polymers{\_}permitivity{\_}13{\_}04{\_}0001.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1},
publisher = {CRC Press/Taylor {\&} Francis, Boca Raton, FL.},
title = {{"DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF SELECTED POLYMERS" in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 102nd Edition (Internet Version 2021)}},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Stephenson1998,
abstract = {We have investigated the quantification properties of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) by using two dedicated test structures and highlight the response of SCM to changes in dopant density. Our results indicate that contrast reversal occurs and that the SCM output is not always a monotonically increasing signal with decreasing dopant density. Two epitaxially grown staircase structures covering the doping ranges 1014-1020cm-3 p type and 5×1014-5×1019cm-3 n type were produced for this study as the turning point in the response function typically occurs at a doping level of around 1017cm-3. Through the use of a simple simulation model we see that contrast reversal is expected due to a relative shift between the dC/dV curves for different doping levels. The onset of contrast reversal can be adjusted by changing the dc sample bias leading to a shift in the operating position of the SCM, and the significance of this point will be discussed here. {\textcopyright} 1998 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {SCM Contrastaufl{\"{o}}sung!!!!!

Abh{\"{a}}nig von DC Bias Voltage},
author = {Stephenson, Robert and Verhulst, Anne and {De Wolf}, Peter and Caymax, Matty and Vandervorst, Wilfried},
doi = {10.1063/1.122517},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stephenson et al. - 1998 - Contrast reversal in scanning capacitance microscopy imaging.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {nov},
number = {18},
pages = {2597--2599},
title = {{Contrast reversal in scanning capacitance microscopy imaging}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.122517},
volume = {73},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Pielichowska2014,
abstract = {Phase change materials (PCMs) used for the storage of thermal energy as sensible and latent heat are an important class of modern materials which substantially contribute to the efficient use and conservation of waste heat and solar energy. The storage of latent heat provides a greater density of energy storage with a smaller temperature difference between storing and releasing heat than the sensible heat storage method. Many different groups of materials have been investigated during the technical evolution of PCMs, including inorganic systems (salt and salt hydrates), organic compounds such as paraffins or fatty acids and polymeric materials, e.g. poly(ethylene glycol). Historically, the relationships between the structure and the energy storage properties of a material have been studied to provide an understanding of the heat accumulation/emission mechanism governing the material's imparted energy storage characteristics. This paper reviews the present state of the art of PCMs for thermal energy storage applications and provides an insight into recent efforts to develop new PCMs with enhanced performance and safety. Specific attention is given to the improvement of thermal conductivity, encapsulation methods and shape stabilization procedures. In addition, the flame retarding properties and performance are discussed. The wide range of PCM applications in the construction, electronic, biomedical, textile and automotive industries is presented and future research directions are indicated. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Pielichowska, Kinga and Pielichowski, Krzysztof},
doi = {10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.03.005},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0079642514000358-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00796425},
journal = {Prog. Mater. Sci.},
keywords = {Applications,Encapsulation,Phase change materials (PCMs),Shape stabilization,Thermal conductivity,Thermal energy storage},
month = {aug},
pages = {67--123},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Phase change materials for thermal energy storage}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.03.005 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0079642514000358},
volume = {65},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Bugg1988,
abstract = {Scanning capacitance microscopy is a new mechanically scanned microscopy. In its present configuration, the microscope has a demonstrated capability of detecting variations in surface topography of the order of 0.3 nm over areas of the order of 0.5 $\mu$m2. This great sensitivity to height changes is achieved by the placement of a capacitance probe some 20 nm above the sample surface. This paper describes the construction of the microscope and discusses its use in relating surface roughness of plastic parts to mold finish and material property variations.},
author = {Bugg, C D and King, P J},
doi = {10.1088/0022-3735/21/2/003},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}C{\_}D{\_}Bugg{\_}1988{\_}J.{\_}Phys.{\_}E{\_}{\_}Sci.{\_}Instrum.{\_}21{\_}147.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-3735},
journal = {J. Phys. E.},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {147--151},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article/57/5/1437-1444/172173 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3735/21/2/003},
volume = {21},
year = {1988}
}
@article{Xia2015,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cell, which is prepared by using the organic-inorganic hybrid halide CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Cl and Br), receives widespread attention because of its solution processability and high photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. The highest reported photon-to-electron conversion efficiency is that using CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx as an absorber. It is reported that the diffusion length is greater than 1 micrometer in this mixed halide perovskite. The method most commonly used in preparing CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx film is the one-step pyrolysis method, which has a complex reaction mechanism. In this paper, we review the work about CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx perovskite, in which emphasis is put on the importance of the preparation process, and analyze the role of CH3NH3I in the one-step pyrolysis method for fabricating the CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clxperovskite layer. Scanning electron microscope images show that CH3NH3I can improve the coverage and crystallinity of the perovskite layer for precursors in low CH3NH3I concentrations (CH3NH3I/PbCl2=2.0 and 2.5). For precursors in high CH3NH3I concentrations (CH3NH3I/PbCl2=2.75 and 3), this change is not obvious. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the change of coverage, and indicates that the content of Cl in CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx will be less than 5{\%} for precursors with high CH3NH3I concentrations (CH3NH3I/PbCl2{\textgreater}2.5). Perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx with different Cl dopant concentrations are studied by photoelectric measurements. Photocurrent density-photovoltage curves show that the performance of the devices increases with the increase of CH3NH3I concentration in precursors. And the incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements indicate that the devices fabricated by using precursors with high CH3NH3I concentration have a relatively high external quantum efficiency. These results imply that only CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx with very low Cl dopant concentration will be effective material for photovoltaic application. To further understand the difference between these devices during working condition, transient photovoltage/photocurrent measurements are carried out to investigate the carrier dynamics in the device. Transient photovoltage decay curves indicate that high Cl dopant concentration may decrease the photoelectron lifetime in CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx, and results in a relative low open-circuit photovoltage in the corresponding photovoltaic devices. The charge transport time in the devices of various Cl concentrations are studied by transient photocurrent decay method. CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx with low Cl dopant concentration has relative short transport time, which can avoid the recombination process and increase the charge collection efficiency.},
author = {{Xia Xiang} and {Liu Xi-Zhe}},
doi = {10.7498/aps.64.038104},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Xia, Liu - 2015 - Effects of CH3NH3I on fabricating CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx perovskite solar cells.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2015051902},
issn = {1000-3290},
journal = {Acta Phys. Sin.},
keywords = {CH3NH3I,Organic-inorganic hybrid materials,Perovskite,Solar cells},
number = {3},
pages = {038104},
title = {{Effects of CH3NH3I on fabricating CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx perovskite solar cells}},
url = {https://wulixb.iphy.ac.cn/article/doi/10.7498/aps.64.038104},
volume = {64},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Byeon2020,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved power-conversion efficiency of 25.2{\%}; however, their working principle remains under debate, and the stability issue has not been solved. Herein, we reveal that PSCs are governed by a dominant p-n junction occurring at different interfaces depending on the electron-transporting layer (ETL) and that charge accumulation is mainly concentrated at the corresponding dominant junction where degradation is initiated. To confirm this, we investigated the effect of the ETL on the junction, the electric field, and the carrier density in the PCSs using electron-beam-induced current measurement (EBIC) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Also, we analyzed the degradation process of the PSCs working under light illumination in atmosphere, identifying high concentration of single-signed charges at the dominant p-n junction induced degradation. For long-term stability, an ideal p-i-n PSC with less band bending should be designed to prevent charge-driven degradation.},
annote = {KPFM Paul Fa{\ss}l (KIT)},
author = {Byeon, Junseop and Kim, Jutae and Kim, Ji Young and Lee, Gunhee and Bang, Kijoon and Ahn, Namyoung and Choi, Mansoo},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01022},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Byeon et al. - 2020 - Charge Transport Layer-Dependent Electronic Band Bending in Perovskite Solar Cells and Its Correlation to Light-In.pdf:pdf},
issn = {23808195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
number = {8},
pages = {2580--2589},
title = {{Charge Transport Layer-Dependent Electronic Band Bending in Perovskite Solar Cells and Its Correlation to Light-Induced Device Degradation}},
volume = {5},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Eyben2005,
abstract = {This work presents the recent progress in SSRM capabilities highlighting simultaneous performances in terms of sensitivity ({\textless}10{\%}), spatial resolution (1-3 nm), dopant gradient resolution (1-2 nm/decade) and quantification accuracy (20-30{\%}). The latter is illustrated through the analysis of different carrier profiling applications, i.e. the calibration of process simulations for a 90 nm n-MOS technology, the determination of the impact of nitridation on the lateral diffusion in a 40 nm n-MOS technology, the study of activation and diffusion problems in SPER-anneals of shallow implants, the observation of stress-induced diffusion mechanisms in the vicinity of shallow trench isolations (STI) and the study of diffusion and mobility mechanisms in SiGe MOS structures. Favorable comparisons with SCM and STM are also presented and do illustrate the unique capability of the SSRM technique. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
annote = {SSRM laterale aufl{\"{o}}sung {\textless}3 nm

Vielleicht ausprobieren?},
author = {Eyben, P. and Janssens, T. and Vandervorst, W.},
doi = {10.1016/j.mseb.2005.08.049},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Eyben, Janssens, Vandervorst - 2005 - Scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) 2d carrier profiling for ultra-shallow junction ch.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09215107},
journal = {Mater. Sci. Eng. B Solid-State Mater. Adv. Technol.},
keywords = {AFM,Carrier-profile,Microscopy,Quantification,SSRM,Spreading resistance,Two-dimensional},
number = {SUPPL.},
pages = {45--53},
title = {{Scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) 2d carrier profiling for ultra-shallow junction characterization in deep-submicron technologies}},
volume = {124-125},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Du2014,
abstract = {Density functional calculations of electronic structure, dielectric properties, and defect properties of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 explain the exceptionally good transport properties in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (a very promising solar cell material).},
author = {Du, M. H.},
doi = {10.1039/C4TA01198H},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dieletric{\_}properties{\_}reduced carrier{\_}scattering.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {24},
pages = {9091--9098},
title = {{Efficient carrier transport in halide perovskites: theoretical perspectives}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4TA01198H},
volume = {2},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Unsuree2021,
abstract = {Ion transport is a significant concept that underlies a variety of technologies including membrane technology, energy storages, optical, chemical, and biological sensors and ion-mobility exploration techniques. These applications are based on the concepts of capacitance and ion transport, so a prior understanding of capacitance and ion transport phenomena is crucial. In this review, the principles of capacitance and ion transport are described from a theoretical and practical point of view. The review covers the concepts of Helmholtz capacitance, diffuse layer capacitance and space charge capacitance, which is also referred to as quantum capacitance in low-dimensional materials. These concepts are attributed to applications in the electrochemical technologies such as energy storage and excitable ion sieving in membranes. This review also focuses on the characteristic role of channel heights (from micrometer to angstrom scales) in ion transport. Ion transport technologies can also be used in newer applications including biological sensors and multifunctional microsupercapacitors. This review improves our understanding of ion transport phenomena and demonstrates various applications that is applicable of the continued development in the technologies described.},
author = {Unsuree, Nawapong and Phanphak, Sorasak and Prajongtat, Pongthep and Bunpheng, Aritsa and Jitapunkul, Kulpavee and Kongputhon, Pornpis and Srinoi, Pannaree and Iamprasertkun, Pawin and Hirunpinyopas, Wisit},
doi = {10.3390/en14185819},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/energies-14-05819-v2.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1996-1073},
journal = {Energies},
keywords = {2D materials,Capacitance,Fluorescence imaging,Ion transport,Molecular transport,Multifunctional energy storages,Stimulus-responsive microsupercapacitor},
month = {sep},
number = {18},
pages = {5819},
title = {{A Review: Ion Transport of Two-Dimensional Materials in Novel Technologies from Macro to Nanoscopic Perspectives}},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5819},
volume = {14},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Yalcinkaya2023SI,
abstract = {Understanding electron and ion dynamics is an important task for improving modern energy materials, such as photovoltaic perovskites. These materials usually have delicate nano‐ and microstructures that influence the device parameters. To resolve detailed structure–function relationships on the relevant micro‐ and nanometer length scales, the current macroscopic and microscopic measurement techniques are often not sufficient. Here, nanoscale surface photovoltage spectroscopy (nano‐SPV) and nanoscale ideality factor mapping (nano‐IFM) via time‐resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy are introduced. These methods can map nanoscale variations in charge carrier recombination, ion migration, and defects. To show the potential of nano‐SPV and nano‐IFM, these methods are applied to perovskite samples with different morphologies. The results clearly show an improved uniformity of the SPV and SPV decay distribution within the perovskite films upon passivation and increasing the grain size. Nevertheless, nano‐SPV and nano‐IFM can still detect local variations in the defect density on these optimized samples, guiding the way for further optimization.},
author = {Yalcinkaya, Yenal and Rohrbeck, Pascal N. and Sch{\"{u}}tz, Emilia R. and Fakharuddin, Azhar and Schmidt‐Mende, Lukas and Weber, Stefan A.L.},
doi = {10.1002/adom.202301318},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/adom202301318-sup-0001-suppmat.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2195-1071},
journal = {Adv. Opt. Mater.},
keywords = {Ideality factor,Kelvin probe force microscopy,atomic force microscopy,charge carrier dynamics,perovskites,surface photovoltage spectroscopy},
month = {oct},
title = {{SI: Nanoscale Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adom.202301318},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Memesa2009,
abstract = {In hybrid organic solar cells a blocking layer between transparent electrode and nanocrystalline titania particles is essential to prevent short-circuiting and current loss through recombination at the electrode interface. Here we report the preparation of a thin, uniform and crack free hybrid blocking layer composed of conducting titania nanoparticles embedded in an insulating polymer derived ceramic. To do so we combine sol-gel chemistry with novel poly(dimethylsiloxane) containing amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether methacrylate-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)- block-poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether methacrylate as the templating agent. Conductive probe scanning force microscopy proved that the existing percolating titania networks are separated by an insulating ceramic matrix. The structural uniformity of the percolating structures was investigated by microbeam grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering making the integrated blocking layer suitable for hybrid organic solar device applications. Preliminary tests with the integrated blocking layer showed reasonable comparison to conventional TiO2 blocking layer containing devices mentioned in the literature. {\textcopyright} 2009 The Royal Society of Chemistry.},
author = {Memesa, Mine and Weber, Stefan and Lenz, Sebastian and Perlich, Jan and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger and M{\"{u}}ller-Buschbaum, Peter and Gutmann, Jochen S.},
doi = {10.1039/b902754h},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Weber{\_}b902754h.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {7},
pages = {783},
title = {{Integrated blocking layers for hybrid organic solar cells}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=b902754h},
volume = {2},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Yalcinkaya2024_Graph,
abstract = {Understanding electron and ion dynamics is an important task for improving modern energy materials, such as photovoltaic perovskites. These materials usually have delicate nano- and microstructures that influence the device parameters. To resolve detailed structure–function relationships on the relevant micro- and nanometer length scales, the current macroscopic and microscopic measurement techniques are often not sufficient. Here, nanoscale surface photovoltage spectroscopy (nano-SPV) and nanoscale ideality factor mapping (nano-IFM) via time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy are introduced. These methods can map nanoscale variations in charge carrier recombination, ion migration, and defects. To show the potential of nano-SPV and nano-IFM, these methods are applied to perovskite samples with different morphologies. The results clearly show an improved uniformity of the SPV and SPV decay distribution within the perovskite films upon passivation and increasing the grain size. Nevertheless, nano-SPV and nano-IFM can still detect local variations in the defect density on these optimized samples, guiding the way for further optimization.},
author = {Yalcinkaya, Yenal and Rohrbeck, Pascal N. and Sch{\"{u}}tz, Emilia R. and Fakharuddin, Azhar and Schmidt‐Mende, Lukas and Weber, Stefan A.L.},
doi = {10.1002/adom.202470028},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Optical Materials - 2024 - Yalcinkaya - Nanoscale Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy  Advanced Optical Materials 8.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2195-1071},
journal = {Adv. Opt. Mater.},
keywords = {Ideality factor,Kelvin probe force microscopy,atomic force microscopy,charge carrier dynamics,perovskites,surface photovoltage spectroscopy},
month = {mar},
number = {8},
pages = {2024},
title = {{Nanoscale Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy (Advanced Optical Materials 8/2024)}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adom.202470028},
volume = {12},
year = {2024}
}
@article{Schutz2022,
abstract = {Considerable efforts have been devoted to optimizing and controlling the morphology and electronic properties of lead halide perovskites. The defect density of a perovskite layer strongly depends on the processing conditions. Consequently, the fabrication process of high-quality films is often complex, and reproducibility is a challenge. In this work, we present a methylamine gas-based method to recrystallize perovskite layers of any given quality in a controlled way, leading to millimeter-sized domains. Crystallinity significantly increases upon methylamine treatment, and crystal growth follows a preferred orientation. Photoluminescence- and space-charge limited current measurements show that the trap density halves after recrystallization. Conductive atomic force microscopy measurements show a higher surface conductivity and an improved spatial homogeneity after methylamine treatment. When applied in photodetectors, the improved film quality of the recrystallized films leads to increased detectivities of ≈4 × 10 11 Jones compared to 3 × 10 9 Jones of a reference device. The response time falls from 0.1 to 10 −5 s upon methylamine treatment. Our work, thus, presents a promising route to fabricating reproducible, high-quality perovskite films through well-controllable recrystallization.},
author = {Sch{\"{u}}tz, Emilia R. and Fakharuddin, Azhar and Yalcinkaya, Yenal and Ochoa-Martinez, Efrain and Bijani, Shanti and {Mohd Yusoff}, Abd Rashid Bin and Vasilopoulou, Maria and Seewald, Tobias and Steiner, Ullrich and Weber, Stefan A. L. and Schmidt-Mende, Lukas},
doi = {10.1063/5.0093333},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/5.0093333.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2166-532X},
journal = {APL Mater.},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {081110},
publisher = {AIP Publishing, LLC},
title = {{Reduced defect density in crystalline halide perovskite films via methylamine treatment for the application in photodetectors}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0093333 https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0093333},
volume = {10},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Jeong2011,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Jeong, Hyung Mo and Lee, Jung Woo and Shin, Weon Ho and Choi, Yoon Jeong and Shin, Hyun Joon and Kang, Jeung Ku and Choi, Jang Wook},
doi = {10.1021/nl2009058},
issn = {1530-6984},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {2472--2477},
title = {{Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for High-Performance Ultracapacitors and the Importance of Nitrogen-Doped Sites at Basal Planes}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl2009058},
volume = {11},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Kim2019,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells contain various defects within the perovskite absorber and the corresponding interfaces, affecting device performance and stability. Fortunately, there have been tremendous efforts in advancing passivation techniques contributing to high-efficiency perovskite solar cell with improved stability. Here, the state-of-the-art passivation approaches for each layer of the perovskite cell with the aim of improving carrier extraction, reducing carrier recombination, and/or improving cell stability are reviewed. Passivation of the electron transport layer can improve the stability of perovskite solar cells by reducing trap states or by physically separating the transport layer from contacting perovskite. Controlling the amount of PbI2 in the perovskite precursor has been found to be effective in passivating defect states at the grain boundaries and on the surface. Additives such as elemental iodine, organic surfactants, and Group 1 metal compounds incorporated in perovskite precursors have been reported to passivate recombination trap centers. These approaches have also contributed to improved energy band alignment between carrier transport layers and perovskite absorber improving device performance. An effective strategy to improve moisture stability is the use of 2D perovskites or hydrophobic large cation molecules forming 2D or quasi-2D phases at grain boundaries or film surfaces providing passivation and preventing moisture ingress.},
author = {Kim, Jincheol and Ho-Baillie, Anita and Huang, Shujuan},
doi = {10.1002/solr.201800302},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kim, Ho-Baillie, Huang - 2019 - Review of Novel Passivation Techniques for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2367198X},
journal = {Sol. RRL},
keywords = {passivation,perovskite,photovoltaic,solar cell},
number = {4},
pages = {1--16},
title = {{Review of Novel Passivation Techniques for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {3},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Ciesielski2018,
annote = {[37] from Tainter2019},
author = {Ciesielski, Richard and Sch{\"{a}}fer, Frank and Hartmann, Nicolai F. and Giesbrecht, Nadja and Bein, Thomas and Docampo, Pablo and Hartschuh, Achim},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.7b17938},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
month = {mar},
number = {9},
pages = {7974--7981},
title = {{Grain Boundaries Act as Solid Walls for Charge Carrier Diffusion in Large Crystal MAPI Thin Films}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.7b17938},
volume = {10},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Liu2020,
abstract = {The stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been identified to be the bottleneck toward their industrialization. With the aim of tackling this challenge, a 1D PbI2-bipyridine (BPy)(II) perovskite is fabricated, which is shown to be capable of in situ assembly of a 1D@3D perovskite that is promoted by a PbI2-dimethyl sulfoxide complex with a skeletal linear chain structure. The as-prepared 1D@3D perovskite is observed to demonstrate extremely high stability under external large electric fields in humid environments by means of an in situ characterization technique. This stability is associated with its well lattice-matching heterojunction structure between 1D and 3D heterojunction domains. Importantly, ion migration is alleviated through blocking of the ion-migration channels. Accordingly, the 1D@3D hybrid PSC shows a power conversion efficiency of 21.18{\%} maintaining remarkably high long-term stability in the presence of water, illumination, and external electric fields. This rational design and microstructure study of 1D@3D perovskites provides a new paradigm that may enable higher efficiency and stability of PSCs.},
author = {Liu, Peng and Xian, Yeming and Yuan, Weinan and Long, Yi and Liu, Kun and Rahman, Naveed Ur and Li, Wenzhe and Fan, Jiandong},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201903654},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/ToF{\_}SIMS{\_}Perovskite{\_}Advanced Energy Materials - 2020 - Liu - Lattice‐Matching Structurally‐Stable 1D 3D Perovskites toward Highly Efficient and.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
month = {may},
number = {17},
pages = {1903654},
title = {{Lattice‐Matching Structurally‐Stable 1D@3D Perovskites toward Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201903654},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lanzoni2021,
abstract = {An in-depth understanding of the electronic properties of grain boundaries (GB) in polycrystalline semiconductor absorbers is of high importance since their charge carrier recombination rates may be very high and hence limit the solar cell device performance. Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) is the method of choice to investigate GB band bending on the nanometer scale and thereby helps to develop passivation strategies. Here, it is shown that amplitude modulation AM-KPFM, which is by far the most common KPFM measurement mode, is not suitable to measure workfunction variations at GBs on rough samples, such as Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CH3NH3PbI3. This is a direct consequence of a change in the cantilever-sample distance that varies on rough samples. Furthermore, we critically discuss the impact of different environments (air versus vacuum) and show that air exposure alters the GB and facet contrast, which leads to erroneous interpretations of the GB physics. Frequency modulation FM-KPFM measurements on non-air-exposed CIGSe and perovskite absorbers show that the amount of band bending measured at the GB is negligible and that the electronic landscape of the semiconductor surface is dominated by facet-related contrast due to the polycrystalline nature of the absorbers.},
annote = {Readinger: AM is bad!! --{\textgreater} cite for Review},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {2104.02977},
author = {Lanzoni, Evandro Martin and Gallet, Thibaut and Spindler, Conrad and Ram{\'{i}}rez, Omar and Boumenou, Christian Kameni and Siebentritt, Susanne and Redinger, Alex},
doi = {10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106270},
eprint = {2104.02977},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lanzoni et al. - 2021 - The impact of Kelvin probe force microscopy operation modes and environment on grain boundary band bending in pe.pdf:pdf},
issn = {22112855},
journal = {Nano Energy},
keywords = {KPFM,Perovskite,CIGS,Grain boundaries,Band bending},
number = {June},
pages = {106270},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{ The impact of Kelvin probe force microscopy operation modes and environment on grain boundary band bending in perovskite and Cu(In,Ga)Se     2    solar cells }},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106270},
volume = {88},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Bian2021a,
author = {Bian, Ke and Jiang, Ying},
doi = {10.1038/s43586-021-00037-y},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/s43586-021-00037-y.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0123456789},
issn = {2662-8449},
journal = {Nat. Rev. Methods Prim.},
month = {may},
number = {1},
pages = {35},
title = {{Scanning probe microscopy}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s43586-021-00037-y},
volume = {1},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Giridharagopal2012a,
abstract = {We propose, simulate, and experimentally validate a new mechanical detection method to analyze atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever motion that enables noncontact discrimination of transient events with ∼100 ns temporal resolution without the need for custom AFM probes, specialized instrumentation, or expensive add-on hardware. As an example application, we use the method to screen thermally annealed poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester photovoltaic devices under realistic testing conditions over a technologically relevant performance window. We show that variations in device efficiency and nanoscale transient charging behavior are correlated, thereby linking local dynamics with device behavior. We anticipate that this method will find application in scanning probe experiments of dynamic local mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and biophysical phenomena. {\textcopyright} 2012 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Rayermann, Glennis E. and Shao, Guozheng and Moore, David T. and Reid, Obadiah G. and Tillack, Andreas F. and Masiello, David J. and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1021/nl203956q},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Giridharagopal et al. - 2012 - Submicrosecond time resolution atomic force microscopy for probing nanoscale dynamics(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {15306984},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
keywords = {P3HT:PCBM,Scanning probe microscopy,bulk heterojunction,electrostatic force microscopy,organic solar cells},
number = {2},
pages = {893--898},
pmid = {22248070},
title = {{Submicrosecond time resolution atomic force microscopy for probing nanoscale dynamics}},
volume = {12},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Meyer1988,
annote = {Inventation of optical beam system to AFM from (Bian2021)},
author = {Meyer, Gerhard and Amer, Nabil M.},
doi = {10.1063/1.100061},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {sep},
number = {12},
pages = {1045--1047},
title = {{Novel optical approach to atomic force microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.100061},
volume = {53},
year = {1988}
}
@article{Tian2011,
abstract = {Many studies reported that dye-sensitized solar cells have more significant capacitance characteristics than the silicon solar cell. In this study, it was found the capacitance characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cell changes with the imposed bias voltage. The bias voltage is indispensable in the standard measurement for the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell. The influence of changed capacitance during the measurement on the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells was investigated. The analysis on the EIS spectra and equivalent circuit shows that the capacitance of dye-sensitized solar cells is small and the deviation cell I-V characteristics from the steady-state value is minor when the applied bias is small; while under a condition with a large applied bias, the capacitance characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cell grew rapidly and the I-V characteristics deviated from the steady-state value significantly increased. This phenomenon is helpful for the accurate measurement of the quantum conversion efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells.},
author = {Tian, Han Min and Yu, Tao and Zou, Zhi Gang},
doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.685.13},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/MSF.685.13.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783037851159},
issn = {1662-9752},
journal = {Mater. Sci. Forum},
keywords = {Dye-sensitized solar cell,EIS,Equivalent circuit,Internal resistance},
month = {jun},
pages = {13--19},
title = {{Study on Determination of I-V Curve of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell}},
url = {https://www.scientific.net/MSF.685.13},
volume = {685},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Tennyson2015,
abstract = {A novel imaging platform to determine the open-circuit voltage of solar cells with nanoscale spatial resolution is presented. Here, a variant of illuminated Kelvin probe force microscopy can be implemented to quantify local variations in the voltage of different solar cells. The new metrology can be applied to any optoelectronic device, and works in ambient environments.},
annote = {Abbildung Energieb{\"{a}}nder 

KPFM mit und ohne Licht aus Pr{\"{a}}sentation},
author = {Tennyson, Elizabeth M. and Garrett, Joseph L. and Frantz, Jesse A. and Myers, Jason D. and Bekele, Robel Y. and Sanghera, Jasbinder S. and Munday, Jeremy N. and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201501142},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tennyson et al. - 2015 - Nanoimaging of Open-Circuit Voltage in Photovoltaic Devices.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16146840},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,nanoimaging,open-circuit voltage,photovoltaics,solar cells},
number = {23},
title = {{Nanoimaging of Open-Circuit Voltage in Photovoltaic Devices}},
volume = {5},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Moertelmaier2014,
abstract = {A new method, scanning sawtooth capacitance spectroscopy (SSCS), is proposed to measure a map of capacitance/voltage curves (. C-. V) by applying a low frequency voltage sawtooth signal (20-100. Hz) to the AFM tip while scanning. For this a scanning microwave microscope (SMM) is used to acquire calibrated capacitance data in the high frequency range of 1-20. GHz. While the capacitance is acquired pixel by pixel, the applied voltage signal is recorded as well, and each pixel of the capacitance is assigned the corresponding voltage value. Assuming the voltage variable is smooth over time, adjacent pixels within a scan line will have similar voltage values and a small sequence of neighboring pixels can be combined into a virtual C-. V spectroscopy curve. With standard SMM operation parameters roughly 26,000 C-. V curves can be acquired within few minutes data acquisition time. The method is demonstrated for n-type and p-type silicon semiconductor samples and can be applied to other samples including new materials and bio-membranes. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier B.V.},
annote = {Similar but other AFM technique


not that interesting!},
author = {Moertelmaier, M. and Huber, H.P. and Rankl, C. and Kienberger, F.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.07.011},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0304399113001976-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043991},
journal = {Ultramicroscopy},
keywords = {C-V spectroscopy mapping,Capacitance-voltage curves,Scanning microwave microscopy},
month = {jan},
pages = {67--72},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Continuous capacitance–voltage spectroscopy mapping for scanning microwave microscopy}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.07.011 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304399113001976},
volume = {136},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Hartmann2003,
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {cond-mat/0208087},
author = {Hartmann, L. and Kremer, F. and Pouret, P. and L{\'{e}}ger, L.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1556852},
eprint = {0208087},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hartmann et al. - 2003 - Molecular dynamics in grafted layers of poly(dimethylsiloxane).pdf:pdf},
issn = {00219606},
journal = {J. Chem. Phys.},
number = {13},
pages = {6052--6058},
primaryClass = {cond-mat},
title = {{Molecular dynamics in grafted layers of poly(dimethylsiloxane)}},
volume = {118},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Giannazzo2005,
abstract = {In this paper, we review our recent work to assess scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) as a quantitative two-dimensional (2D) carrier profiling method on Si. SCM measurements on a wide variety of samples are discussed. In the case of unipolar Si samples (i.e. samples with a unique majority carriers type) the reliability of the method for quantification of the SCM raw data to carrier concentration profiles has been demonstrated. Angle beveling sample preparation allows quantitative carrier profiling with unprecedented depth resolution (1 nm), as demonstrated on specially designed samples containing B-doped Si/Si 0.75Ge0.25/Si quantum wells. Applications to the study of the dopant diffusion and electrical activation of low-energy implanted B in submicron areas (0.38 $\mu$m) are shown. In the case of bipolar Si samples (i.e. samples containing electrical junctions), the crucial issue of electrical junction position determination both on cross-section and on bevel is addressed. Applications to a cross-sectioned 0.35 $\mu$m n-p-n transistor characterization are shown. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
annote = {SCM 2D

n-p-n-cross section Untersuchung

SSRM kurz Vgl. zu SCM},
author = {Giannazzo, F. and Raineri, V. and Mirabella, S. and Bruno, E. and Impellizzeri, G. and Priolo, F.},
doi = {10.1016/j.mseb.2005.08.076},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Giannazzo et al. - 2005 - Scanning capacitance microscopy two-dimensional carrier profiling for ultra-shallow junction characterization.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09215107},
journal = {Mater. Sci. Eng. B},
keywords = {Scanning capacitance microscopy,Two-dimensional,Ultra-shallow junction},
month = {dec},
number = {SUPPL.},
pages = {54--61},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy two-dimensional carrier profiling for ultra-shallow junction characterization in deep submicron technology}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921510705004484},
volume = {124-125},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Lee2002a,
abstract = {We describe instrumentation for scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM), using an atomic force microscope, that is designed to make calibrated, low frequency measurements of tip–sample capacitance and spreading resistance of thin dielectric films. We also characterize spatial variations in stray capacitance Cstray that must be understood before such measurements can be interpreted. Existing SCM circuits are generally optimized for measuring dC/dV, and not for calibrated low frequency measurements of absolute capacitance. Our circuit uses a commercially available current amplifier and low frequency (∼5 kHz) lock-in detection. This circuit adds an inverted, constant amplitude current to suppress the stray displacement current from the large (∼0.5 pF) stray capacitance Cstray between the sample and the mm-sized cantilever–probe assembly. The capacitance noise spectrum is ∼0.35 aF/Hz and is flat down to 1 Hz measurement frequency, with an integrated noise {\textless}5 aF integrated over a 1–160 Hz bandwidth. We have also used this instrumentation to identify and characterize significant ({\textgreater}1 fF) variations in Cstray that must be understood in order to accurately measure aF-level variations in the nm-scale tip–sample capacitance. We find that Cstray varies with lateral probe position. This is due to tilting of the probe assembly as the piezoelectric scanner tube bends during scanning. We also find that Cstray varies significantly with probe–assembly height. This causes topography related artifacts in capacitance images of rough surfaces. However, we show that stray capacitance artifacts can be mostly eliminated by properly characterizing position and height dependent variations in Cstray and subtracting them from measured capacitance data.},
author = {Lee, David T. and Pelz, J. P. and Bhushan, Bharat},
doi = {10.1063/1.1505655},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1505655.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {3525--3533},
title = {{Instrumentation for direct, low frequency scanning capacitance microscopy, and analysis of position dependent stray capacitance}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1505655 https://pubs.aip.org/rsi/article/73/10/3525/436552/Instrumentation-for-direct-low-frequency-scanning},
volume = {73},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Lu2023,
abstract = {This article presents the sol-gel method for depositing La2O3 thin films on n-type Si substrates and quartz substrates, and investigates the impact of annealing temperature on the microcomposition, surface morphology, optical properties, and band characteristics of the films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the films are amorphous below 500 °C, with annealing resulting in a hexagonal-phase La2O3 (h-a2O3) and new non-hydrated impurities. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis reveals that the prepared La2O3 film is unaffected by moisture. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provide evidence that the La2O3 film has a smooth, uniform surface without cracks. The roughness increases from 0.426 nm to 1.200 nm, and the film thins from 54.85 nm to 49.80 nm as the annealing temperature rises. The film's transmittance is above 75{\%}, as measured by UV-Vis, and the calculated optical bandgap increases from 5.11 eV to 5.75 eV. The calculated band offset of the La2O3 film is greater than 1 eV, which meets the minimum requirements for MOS devices, thus providing promising prospects for La2O3 films in MOS applications.},
author = {Lu, Zhenchuan and Tuokedaerhan, Kamale and Cai, Haotian and Du, Hongguo and Zhang, Renjia},
doi = {10.3390/coatings13061085},
issn = {2079-6412},
journal = {Coatings},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {1085},
title = {{Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structure and Properties of La2O3 High-K Gate Dielectric Films Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method}},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/13/6/1085},
volume = {13},
year = {2023}
}
@article{VonHauff2022,
abstract = {Impedance spectroscopy (IS) has great potential to become a standard technique for the characterisation, analysis, and diagnosis of perovskite solar cells (PSC).},
author = {von Hauff, Elizabeth and Klotz, Dino},
doi = {10.1039/D1TC04727B},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Impedance{\_}Spectroscopy{\_}Perovskite{\_}cells{\_}d1tc04727b.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2050-7526},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. C},
number = {2},
pages = {742--761},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Impedance spectroscopy for perovskite solar cells: characterisation, analysis, and diagnosis}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1TC04727B},
volume = {10},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Steirer2016,
annote = {137 from Hermes2021
Defect tolerance},
author = {Steirer, K. Xerxes and Schulz, Philip and Teeter, Glenn and Stevanovic, Vladan and Yang, Mengjin and Zhu, Kai and Berry, Joseph J.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00196},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {aug},
number = {2},
pages = {360--366},
title = {{Defect Tolerance in Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00196},
volume = {1},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Monemar2008,
abstract = {We report on recent optical investigations of free and bound exciton properties in bulk GaN. In order to obtain reliable data it is important to use low defect density samples of low doping. We have used thick GaN layers (of the order of 1 mm) grown by halide vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE) with a residual doping down to {\textless}1016 cm-3 in this work. With such samples all polarisation geometries could also easily be exploited. The influence of the surface states on the photoluminescence (PL) experiments is analysed, it is concluded that surface recombination plays an important role for the free exciton (FE) recombination. The electronic structure of the FEs is discussed in detail, including the influence of spin-exchange and polariton effects, and compared with polarised PL spectra at 2 K. The detailed structure of excited states from the PL spectra is discussed, but further data are needed to fully explain all the peaks observed. The polarized FE spectra at room temperature allow a determination of the bandgap as 3.437 eV at 290 K, assuming an exciton binding energy of 25 meV. The PL transient of the A FE is very short (about 100 ps) for the no-phonon (NP) line interpreted as dominated by nonradiative surface recombination. The longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon replicas of the A FE exhibit a longer decay of about 1.4 ns at 2 K, suggested to represent the bulk lifetime of the FE. The corresponding decay time at 290 K is 9 ns in our samples, a value that might be affected by nonradiative recombination. The Si and O donor bound exciton (DBE) spectra with sharp NP lines at 3.4723 eV and 3.4714 eV respectively, are well resolved together with the so-called two-electron transitions (TETs) and several optical phonon replicas. The electronic structure of the DBE states including excited rotational states is discussed and compared with experiment. The well-resolved TET lines allow an accurate determination of the ground state binding energy of the Si donor as 30.4 meV and 33.2 meV for the O donor. The PL transients of the DBEs reveal a non-exponential decay for the NP lines. The DBE NP transient lineshape is assumed to be influenced by optical dispersion and scattering in the vicinity of exciton resonances, as well as by surface effects. The DBE decay time can most properly be deduced from the PL decay of the respective TETs and LO replicas, leading to values in the range of 1.1-1.8 ns. These values differ significantly from previous theoretical predictions, where values about two orders of magnitude shorter were obtained. A tentative discussion of the main observed features of acceptor bound excitons (ABEs), which are much less studied in GaN, is given. A decay time of about 0.9 ns for the shallowest 3.466 eV ABE is estimated, i.e. shorter than that for the shallow donor BEs. {\textcopyright} 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH {\&} Co. KGaA.},
author = {Monemar, Bo and Paskov, P. P. and Bergman, J. P. and Toropov, A. A. and Shubina, T. V. and Malinauskas, T. and Usui, A.},
doi = {10.1002/pssb.200844059},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Monemar et al. - 2008 - Recombination of free and bound excitons in GaN.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03701972},
journal = {Phys. status solidi},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1723--1740},
title = {{Recombination of free and bound excitons in GaN}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pssb.200844059},
volume = {245},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Huang2011,
abstract = {Based on dynamics theory, we have built several structures models close to the real cantilever of atomic force microscope. This paper deduces the higher eigenmodes vibration of single-layer camped-free cantilever in the resonant frequency calculation formula, extend to derive the equation of the resonant frequency for the cantilever with a mass M* on the moving end, introduce and extend the design theory of thin-walled "equivalent" concept, establish the bi-layer or multi-layer film structure of the equivalent model, use the single-layer camped-free cantilever method discussed in the resonant frequency of the multi-layer cantilever beam. Make full use of the higher eigenmodes vibration model, to discuss the ideal condition of cantilever spring constant.},
author = {Huang, Qiang Xian and Hou, Qi},
doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.44-47.489},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Cantilever{\_}AMM.44-47.489.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783037850046},
issn = {1662-7482},
journal = {Appl. Mech. Mater.},
keywords = {AFM,Cantilever,Cantilever spring constant,Resonance frequency,Vibration},
month = {dec},
pages = {489--493},
title = {{Higher Eigenmodes Vibration Cantilever's Resonance Frequency and Cantilever Spring Constant}},
url = {https://www.scientific.net/AMM.44-47.489},
volume = {44-47},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Yang2014,
abstract = {To date, the formation mechanism of organolead halide CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites based on the efficient sequential reaction route has remained virtually unexplored. Such a synthetic method usually yields high-performance solar cells with an efficiency over 15{\%}, and the identification of the crystal growth mechanism is crucial for understanding the chemical reaction process and further improving the light converting efficiency. Herein, we develop a versatile and facile approach based on sequential reaction to produce freestanding CH3NH3PbI3 crystals as a model for crystal growth mechanism studies. It was found that the in situ transformation and dissolution-crystallization mechanisms play competing roles in determining the characteristics of products that are largely depend on the chemical reaction kinetics. Such a method can also be readily used for synthesis of freestanding CH3NH3PbI3 crystals with controllable morphological characteristics, such as cuboids, rods, wires, and plates. The synthetic strategy as well as the crystal growth mechanisms exemplified here can also serve in the design and development of more sophisticated organolead halide perovskites as well as further optimization across a range of possible domains of applications.},
annote = {Untersuchung des Kristallwachstums von MAPI Untersuchung auf PbI2-Basis

Zwei-Schritt Verfahren
2-Step Procedure},
author = {Yang, Shuang and Zheng, Yi Chu and Hou, Yu and Chen, Xiao and Chen, Ying and Wang, Yun and Zhao, Huijun and Yang, Hua Gui},
doi = {10.1021/cm5028817},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yang et al. - 2014 - Formation mechanism of freestanding CH3NH3PbI3 functional crystals In situ transformation vs dissolution-crystalliz.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15205002},
journal = {Chem. Mater.},
number = {23},
pages = {6705--6710},
title = {{Formation mechanism of freestanding CH3NH3PbI3 functional crystals: In situ transformation vs dissolution-crystallization}},
volume = {26},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Biberger2008,
abstract = {This study compares two different methods of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). The first and approved one operates in contact mode and the second novel one in intermittent-contact (IC) mode. Measurements were performed on several samples and the results are compared. New technical expertises on the novel intermittent-contact method are shown and in conclusion assets and drawbacks of this SCM method are emphasized. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
annote = {IC-SCM Theorie

Vergleich SCM zu IC-SCM

Hohe Aufl{\"{o}}sung {\"{a}}hnlich zu uns.

Weiter solche Paper suchen

Sehr empfelenswert!!!},
author = {Biberger, Roland and Benstetter, Guenther and Schweinboeck, Thomas and Breitschopf, Peter and Goebel, Holger},
doi = {10.1016/j.microrel.2008.06.013},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Biberger et al. - 2008 - Intermittent-contact scanning capacitance microscopy versus contact mode SCM applied to 2D dopant profiling.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00262714},
journal = {Microelectron. Reliab.},
month = {aug},
number = {8-9},
pages = {1339--1342},
title = {{Intermittent-contact scanning capacitance microscopy versus contact mode SCM applied to 2D dopant profiling}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0026271408001984},
volume = {48},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Breitschopf2005,
abstract = {In the present study an improved method for 2D doping profiling of semiconductor device structures is presented. The method combines the capabilities of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) with the advantages of intermittent contact atomic force microscopy (IC-AFM) and is called intermittent contact scanning capacitance microscopy (IC-SCM). Compared with standard SCM, IC-SCM provides mechanically stable measurement conditions because tip wear is nearly eliminated. Furthermore, background signals without local information are suppressed by demodulating the SCM signal at higher harmonics of the tapping tip frequency. Both, reduced tip wear and higher harmonics demodulation yield improved spatial image resolution at less tip degradation compared with standard SCM. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
annote = {IC-SCM

Vergleich IC-SCM mit SCM},
author = {Breitschopf, Peter and Benstetter, G{\"{u}}nther and Knoll, Bernhard and Frammelsberger, Werner},
doi = {10.1016/j.microrel.2005.07.047},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Breitschopf et al. - 2005 - Intermittent contact scanning capacitance microscopy-An improved method for 2D doping profiling.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00262714},
journal = {Microelectron. Reliab.},
month = {sep},
number = {9-11},
pages = {1568--1571},
title = {{Intermittent contact scanning capacitance microscopy-An improved method for 2D doping profiling}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0026271405001988},
volume = {45},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Ciesielski2018a,
abstract = {Micro- and nanocrystalline methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI)-based thin-film solar cells today reach power conversion efficiencies of over 20{\%}. We investigate the impact of grain boundaries on charge carrier transport in large crystal MAPI thin films using time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) microscopy and numerical model calculations. Crystal sizes in the range of several tens of micrometers allow for the spatially and time resolved study of boundary effects. Whereas long-ranged diffusive charge carrier transport is observed within single crystals, no detectable diffusive transport occurs across grain boundaries. The observed PL transients are found to crucially depend on the microscopic geometry of the crystal and the point of observation. In particular, spatially restricted diffusion of charge carriers leads to slower PL decay near crystal edges as compared to the crystal center. In contrast to many reports in the literature, our experimental results show no quenching or additional loss channels due to grain boundaries for the studied material, which thus do not negatively affect the performance of the derived thin-film devices.},
author = {Ciesielski, Richard and Sch{\"{a}}fer, Frank and Hartmann, Nicolai F. and Giesbrecht, Nadja and Bein, Thomas and Docampo, Pablo and Hartschuh, Achim},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.7b17938},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/GB{\_}Charge{\_}carrier{\_}walls{\_}acsami.7b17938.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {charge transport,hybrid materials,perovskites,photoluminescence,restricted di ff usion,solar cells,thin fi lms},
month = {mar},
number = {9},
pages = {7974--7981},
pmid = {29433313},
title = {{Grain Boundaries Act as Solid Walls for Charge Carrier Diffusion in Large Crystal MAPI Thin Films}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.7b17938},
volume = {10},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Fumagalli2018,
abstract = {Theoretical studies predict that the inhibition of rotational motion of water near a solid surface will decrease its local dielectric constant. Fumagalli et al. fabricated thin channels in insulating hexagonal boron nitride on top of conducting graphene layers (see the Perspective by Kalinin). The channels, which varied in height from 1 to 300 nanometers, were filled with water and capped with a boron nitride layer. Modeling of the capacitance measurements made with an atomic force microscope tip revealed a surface-layer dielectric constant of 2, compared with the bulk value of 80 for water.},
annote = {not really interesting},
author = {Fumagalli, L. and Esfandiar, A. and Fabregas, R. and Hu, S. and Ares, P. and Janardanan, A. and Yang, Q. and Radha, B. and Taniguchi, T. and Watanabe, K. and Gomila, G. and Novoselov, K. S. and Geim, A. K.},
doi = {10.1126/science.aat4191},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/science.aat4191.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science (80-. ).},
month = {jun},
number = {6395},
pages = {1339--1342},
pmid = {29930134},
title = {{Anomalously low dielectric constant of confined water}},
url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aat4191},
volume = {360},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Petrovic2015,
abstract = {In recent years, organic-inorganic lead halides attracted widespread interest, mainly due to their impressive photoconversion properties and low-cost solution processing. In this study, we employed small amplitude transient photovoltage and photocurrent spectroscopy to investigate charge transport and recombination properties of perovskite CH3NH3PbI3-xClx solar cell under realistic light harvesting conditions ({\textless}1 sun). Cell structure resembles outlay commonly found in organic photovoltaics, with perovskite absorber being sandwiched between two thin layers of organic polymers. Tested device displayed high power conversion efficiency (10.3{\%}), good fill factor and negligible hysteresis effect. Fundamental device parameters were characterized at various open-circuit voltages (Voc) by examination of small voltage and current perturbations created by the low intensity pulsed laser excitations. The obtained results exhibit long charge carrier lifetimes and fast charge transport over the full range of applied optical bias, as well as remarkable diffusion lengths exceeding 1 $\mu$m.},
author = {Petrovi{\'{c}}, Milo{\v{s}} and Chellappan, Vijila and Ye, Tao and Ramakrishna, Seeram},
doi = {10.1002/pssr.201510389},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Petrovi{\'{c}} et al. - 2015 - Charge carrier decay and diffusion in organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite based solar cell.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18626254},
journal = {Phys. status solidi - Rapid Res. Lett.},
keywords = {Charge carrier diffusion,Charge carrier lifetime,Perovskites,Solar cells,Transient photocurrent,Transient photovoltage},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {682--686},
title = {{Charge carrier decay and diffusion in organic-inorganic CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3- x Cl x perovskite based solar cell}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pssr.201510389},
volume = {9},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Sader1995,
abstract = {The determination of the spring constants of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers is of fundamental importance to users of the AFM. In this paper, a fast and nondestructive method for the evaluation of the spring constant which relies solely on the determination of the unloaded resonant frequency of the cantilever, a knowledge of its density or mass, and its dimensions is proposed. This is in contrast to the method of Cleveland et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 403 (1993)], which requires the attachment of masses to the cantilever in the determination of the spring constant. A number of factors which can influence the resonant frequency are examined, in particular (i) gold coating, which can result in a dramatic variation in the resonant frequency, for which a theoretical account is presented and (ii) air damping which, it is found, leads to a shift of ∼4{\%} in the resonant frequency down on its value in a vacuum. Furthermore, the point of load on the cantilever is found to be extremely important, since a small variation in the load point can lead to a dramatic variation in the spring constant. Theoretical results that account for this variation, which, it is believed will be of great practical value to the users of the AFM, are given. {\textcopyright} 1995 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Sader, John E. and Larson, Ian and Mulvaney, Paul and White, Lee R.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1145439},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Sader{\_}1.1145439.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {3789--3798},
title = {{Method for the calibration of atomic force microscope cantilevers}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1145439},
volume = {66},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Huang2012,
abstract = {Reduction of graphene oxide is primarily important because different reduction methods may result in graphene with totally different properties. For systematically exploring the reduction of graphene oxide, studies of the temperature-dependent electrical properties of graphene oxide (GO) are urgently required. In this work, for the first time, broadband dielectric spectroscopy was used to carry out an insitu investigation on the transition of the electrical properties of GO paper from 40 to 150°C. The results clearly reveal a very interesting four-stage transition of electrical properties of GO paper with increasing temperature: insulator below 10°C (stage 1), semiconductor at between 10 and 90°C (stage 2), insulator at between 90and 100°C (stage 3), and semiconductor again at above 100°C (stage 4). Subsequently, the transition mechanism was discussed in combination with detailed dielectric properties, microstructure and thermogravimetric analyses. It is suggested that the temperature-dependent transition of electronic properties of GO is closely associated with the ion mobility, water molecules removal and the reduction of GO in the GO paper. Most importantly, the present work clearly demonstrates the reduction of GO paper starts at above 100°C. {\textcopyright} 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
annote = {low freq. DS --{\textgreater} ion movement (GO) Graphene oxid

[1] of (Kumar2021)},
author = {Huang, Xingyi and Zhi, Chunyi and Jiang, Pingkai and Golberg, Dmitri and Bando, Yoshio and Tanaka, Toshikatsu},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/23/45/455705},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Huang{\_}2012{\_}Nanotechnology{\_}23{\_}455705.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {nov},
number = {45},
pages = {455705},
title = {{Temperature-dependent electrical property transition of graphene oxide paper}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/23/45/455705},
volume = {23},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Tennyson2017,
abstract = {Further global adoption of photovoltaic energy conversion technologies is contingent on sustained progress toward widespread grid-parity. For that, solar cell materials composed of microscale grains and nanoscale boundaries show the highest potential due to their large theoretical efficiency and low-cost fabrication methods. Here we outline the current challenges facing hybrid perovskites and prevalent thin-film polycrystalline materials for photovoltaics. We offer our perspective on how mesoscale functional imaging can enable a complete understanding of the physical and chemical processes restricting their performance, completing the materials science structure-properties-processing-performance tetrahedron. First, we present the key characteristics of hybrid perovskites, CdTe, CIGS, CZTS, and pc-GaAs, emphasizing their main limitations. Second, we discuss how novel imaging methods based on electron and scanning probe microscopies can be realized to provide quantitative information about the relevant parameters (figures-of-merit) that define solar cell performance, with nanoscale spatial resolution. Finally, we offer our vision for the upcoming years, wherein correlative functional microscopy will lead to a complete narrative of the electrical, optical, structural, and chemical properties of these materials, including their surface and bulk properties.},
annote = {11 from (Howard2020a)},
author = {Tennyson, Elizabeth M. and Howard, John M. and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00382},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/11{\_}Howard2020a{\_}acsenergylett.7b00382.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {1825--1834},
title = {{Mesoscale Functional Imaging of Materials for Photovoltaics}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00382},
volume = {2},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Doherty2020,
abstract = {Halide perovskite materials have promising performance characteristics for low-cost optoelectronic applications. Photovoltaic devices fabricated from perovskite absorbers have reached power conversion efficiencies above 25 per cent in single-junction devices and 28 per cent in tandem devices1,2. This strong performance (albeit below the practical limits of about 30 per cent and 35 per cent, respectively3) is surprising in thin films processed from solution at low-temperature, a method that generally produces abundant crystalline defects4. Although point defects often induce only shallow electronic states in the perovskite bandgap that do not affect performance5, perovskite devices still have many states deep within the bandgap that trap charge carriers and cause them to recombine non-radiatively. These deep trap states thus induce local variations in photoluminescence and limit the device performance6. The origin and distribution of these trap states are unknown, but they have been associated with light-induced halide segregation in mixed-halide perovskite compositions7 and with local strain8, both of which make devices less stable9. Here we use photoemission electron microscopy to image the trap distribution in state-of-the-art halide perovskite films. Instead of a relatively uniform distribution within regions of poor photoluminescence efficiency, we observe discrete, nanoscale trap clusters. By correlating microscopy measurements with scanning electron analytical techniques, we find that these trap clusters appear at the interfaces between crystallographically and compositionally distinct entities. Finally, by generating time-resolved photoemission sequences of the photo-excited carrier trapping process10,11, we reveal a hole-trapping character with the kinetics limited by diffusion of holes to the local trap clusters. Our approach shows that managing structure and composition on the nanoscale will be essential for optimal performance of halide perovskite devices.},
annote = {Saba`s Referece Mail vom 02.09.2020},
author = {Doherty, Tiarnan A.S. and Winchester, Andrew J. and Macpherson, Stuart and Johnstone, Duncan N. and Pareek, Vivek and Tennyson, Elizabeth M. and Kosar, Sofiia and Kosasih, Felix U. and Anaya, Miguel and Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba and Andaji-Garmaroudi, Zahra and Wong, E. Laine and Mad{\'{e}}o, Julien and Chiang, Yu Hsien and Park, Ji Sang and Jung, Young Kwang and Petoukhoff, Christopher E. and Divitini, Giorgio and Man, Michael K. L and Ducati, Caterina and Walsh, Aron and Midgley, Paul A. and Dani, Keshav M. and Stranks, Samuel D.},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2184-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Doherty et al. - 2020 - Performance-limiting nanoscale trap clusters at grain junctions in halide perovskites.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {4158602021841},
issn = {14764687},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7803},
pages = {360--366},
pmid = {32296189},
title = {{Performance-limiting nanoscale trap clusters at grain junctions in halide perovskites}},
volume = {580},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mihai1996,
author = {Mihai, Corina-Mihaela and Mehedintu, Mihaela and Gheorghiu, Eugen},
doi = {10.1016/0302-4598(96)05083-0},
issn = {03024598},
journal = {Bioelectrochemistry Bioenerg.},
month = {aug},
number = {2},
pages = {187--192},
title = {{The derivation of cellular properties from dielectric spectroscopy data}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0302459896050830},
volume = {40},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Chen2023,
abstract = {The scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) is a powerful tool to characterise local electrical properties in GaN-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with nanoscale resolution. We investigated the experimental setup and the imaging conditions to optimise the SCM contrast. As to the experimental setup, we show that the desired tip should be sharp (e.g., with the tip radius of ≤25nm) and its coating should be made of conductive doped diamond. Most importantly, its spring constant should be large to achieve stable tip-sample contact. The selected tip should be positioned close to both the edge and Ohmic contact of the sample. Regarding the imaging conditions, we also show that a dc bias should be applied in addition to an ac bias because the latter alone is not sufficient to deplete the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. The approximate range of the effective dc bias values was found by measuring the local dC/dV-V curves, yielding, after further optimisation, two optimised dc bias values which provide strong, but opposite, SCM contrast. In comparison, the selected ac bias value has no significant impact on the SCM contrast. The described methodology could potentially also be applied to other types of HEMT structures, and highly-doped samples.},
author = {Chen, Chen and Ghosh, Saptarsi and Adams, Francesca and Kappers, Menno J. and Wallis, David J. and Oliver, Rachel A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113833},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Scanning-capacitance-microscopy-of-GaN-based-high-electron-mob{\_}2023{\_}Ultramic.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043991},
journal = {Ultramicroscopy},
keywords = {High electron mobility transistor structures,Plan-view characterisation,Scanning capacitance microscopy},
month = {dec},
number = {July},
pages = {113833},
pmid = {37666104},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy of GaN-based high electron mobility transistor structures: A practical guide}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113833 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030439912300150X},
volume = {254},
year = {2023}
}
@article{DeAmorim2018,
author = {de Amorim, Wellyngton Silva and Valduga, Isabela Blasi and Ribeiro, Jo{\~{a}}o Marcelo Pereira and Williamson, Victoria Guazzelli and Krauser, Grace Ellen and Magtoto, Mica Katrina and {de Andrade Guerra}, Jos{\'{e}} Baltazar Salgueirinho Os{\'{o}}rio},
doi = {10.1016/j.eiar.2018.05.002},
issn = {01959255},
journal = {Environ. Impact Assess. Rev.},
month = {sep},
pages = {1--11},
title = {{The nexus between water, energy, and food in the context of the global risks: An analysis of the interactions between food, water, and energy security}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195925517302408},
volume = {72},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Grill2017,
abstract = {Understanding the charge transport characteristics and their limiting factors in organolead halide perovskites is of great importance for the development of competitive and economically advantageous photovoltaic systems derived from these materials. In the present work, we examine the charge carrier mobilities in CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) thin films obtained from a one-step synthesis procedure and in planar n-i-p devices based on these films. By performing time-of-flight measurements, we find mobilities around 6 cm2/V s for electrons and holes in MAPI thin films, whereas in working solar cells, the respective effective mobility values are reduced by 3 orders of magnitude. From complementary experiments on devices with varying thicknesses of electron and hole transport layers, we identify the charge extraction layers and the associated interfaces rather than the perovskite material itself as the major limiting factors of the charge carrier transport time in working devices.},
author = {Grill, Irene and Ayg{\"{u}}ler, Meltem F. and Bein, Thomas and Docampo, Pablo and Hartmann, Nicolai F. and Handloser, Matthias and Hartschuh, Achim},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.7b09567},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Perovskite{\_}Charge{\_}Extraction{\_}acsami.7b09567.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {charge carrier mobility,charge extraction layer,hybrid perovskites,photocurrent,solar cells,thin films},
month = {nov},
number = {43},
pages = {37655--37661},
pmid = {29019644},
title = {{Charge Transport Limitations in Perovskite Solar Cells: The Effect of Charge Extraction Layers}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.7b09567},
volume = {9},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Lim2022,
abstract = {Mixed-halide perovskites offer ideal bandgaps for tandem solar cells, but photoinduced halide segregation compromises photovoltaic device performance. This study explores the influence of a hole-transport layer, necessary for a full device, by monitoring halide segregation through in situ, concurrent X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements to disentangle compositional and optoelectronic changes. This work demonstrates that top coating FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(Br0.4I0.6)3 perovskite films with a poly(triaryl)amine (PTAA) hole-extraction layer surprisingly leads to suppression of halide segregation because photogenerated charge carriers are rapidly trapped at interfacial defects that do not drive halide segregation. However, the generation of iodide-enriched regions near the perovskite/PTAA interface enhances hole back-transfer from the PTAA layer through improved energy level offsets, increasing radiative recombination losses. It is further found that while passivation with a piperidinium salt slows halide segregation in perovskite films, the addition of a PTAA top-coating accelerates such effects, elucidating the specific nature of trap types that are able to drive the halide segregation process. This work highlights the importance of selective passivation techniques for achieving efficient and stable wide-bandgap perovskite photovoltaic devices.},
author = {Lim, Vincent J.Y. and Knight, Alexander J. and Oliver, Robert D. J. and Snaith, Henry J. and Johnston, Michael B. and Herz, Laura M.},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.202204825},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Adv Funct Materials - 2022 - Lim - Impact of Hole‐Transport Layer and Interface Passivation on Halide Segregation in.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1616-301X},
journal = {Adv. Funct. Mater.},
keywords = {halide segregation,hole-transport layers,metal halide perovskites,passivation,perovskite solar cells,trap states},
month = {oct},
number = {41},
pages = {2204825},
title = {{Impact of Hole‐Transport Layer and Interface Passivation on Halide Segregation in Mixed‐Halide Perovskites}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202204825},
volume = {32},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Zhang2022,
abstract = {The open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are detrimentally weakened by carrier loss at the perovskite/charge transport layers (CTLs) interfaces. Herein, a dual interfacial modification strategy via placing Nb2CTx nanosheets with tailored optoelectrical properties induced by manipulating surface terminal groups at both perovskite/CTLs interfaces is employed. Such tactics not only concurrently implement carrier mobility enhancement of CTLs and interface energy-levels offsets reduction. More importantly, electrical simulation indicates that the Nb2CTx with O terminal groups located at grain boundaries of the perovskite layer, can more efficiently conduct hole current to the hole transport layer, therefore achieving charge-carrier transport balance in device. As a result, the synergy effect effectively elevates both the VOC and FF of the cells, reaching maximum values of 1.253 V and 81.07{\%}, respectively, finally delivering progressively increased device power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.11{\%} with negligible hysteresis. This PCE value ranks in the highest values to date for PSCs employing MXenes materials. Moreover, the optimized devices show better thermal and light stability than control devices. This work demonstrates a simple and effective dual interfacial modification method utilizing Nb2CTx for photovoltaic field, involving photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, sensors, etc.},
author = {Zhang, Yuhong and Xu, Lin and Sun, Jiao and Wu, Yanjie and Kan, Zitong and Zhang, Huan and Yang, Long and Liu, Bin and Dong, Biao and Bai, Xue and Song, Hongwei},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.202201269},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Energy Materials - 2022 - Zhang - 24 11  High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells by Dual Interfacial Carrier.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {MXene,Nb 2CT x,charge-carrier transport balance,dual interfacial,perovskite solar cells},
month = {oct},
number = {37},
pages = {2201269},
title = {{24.11{\%} High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells by Dual Interfacial Carrier Mobility Enhancement and Charge‐Carrier Transport Balance}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.202201269},
volume = {12},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Xiao2014,
abstract = {Solvent-annealing is found to be an effective method to increase the grain size and carrier diffusion lengths of trihalide perovskite materials. The carrier diffusion length of MAPbI3 is increased to over 1 $\mu$m. The efficiency remains above 14.5{\%} when the MAPbI3 thickness changes from 250 nm to 1 $\mu$m, with the highest efficiency reaching 15.6{\%}.},
annote = {Solvent annealing aus dem Paper von Hermes 2016 ({\~{}} Methode von Ilka)},
author = {Xiao, Zhengguo and Dong, Qingfeng and Bi, Cheng and Shao, Yuchuan and Yuan, Yongbo and Huang, Jinsong},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201401685},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Xiao et al. - 2014 - Solvent Annealing of Perovskite-Induced Crystal Growth for Photovoltaic-Device Efficiency Enhancement.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15214095},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
keywords = {crystallinity,grain size,perovskite,solar cells,solvent annealing},
number = {37},
pages = {6503--6509},
title = {{Solvent Annealing of Perovskite-Induced Crystal Growth for Photovoltaic-Device Efficiency Enhancement}},
volume = {26},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Feldman1992,
abstract = {The general principles of time domain dielectric spectroscopy (TDS) are summarized. The methods of data treatment and presentation, and different TDS methods which enable one to obtain the permanent spectrum of $\epsilon$* ($\omega$) in the frequency range of 105-1010 are given. The examples of TDS application for the investigation of dielectric properties in samples of different nature and structure are considered in this review. {\textcopyright} 1992 Steinkopff-Verlag.},
author = {Feldman, Yu D. and Zuev, Yu F. and Polygalov, E. A. and Fedotov, V. D.},
doi = {10.1007/BF00776148},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Feldman1992{\_}Article{\_}TimeDomainDielectricSpectrosco.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0303-402X},
journal = {Colloid Polym. Sci.},
keywords = {Dielectric spectroscopy,biological materials,dielectric relaxation,microemulsions,polymers,proteins,solutions},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {768--780},
title = {{Time domain dielectric spectroscopy. A new effective tool for physical chemistry investigation}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00776148},
volume = {270},
year = {1992}
}
@inproceedings{Collins2012,
abstract = {In this work, we implemented dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy (DH-KPFM) for surface potential mapping of ferroelectric thin films, namely bismuth ferrite (BFO) and strontium barium niobate (SBN). We applied DH and conventional KPFM to charge-patterned BFO and found agreement between recorded relative surface potential values between domains, demonstrating that DH-KPFM can be used for quantitative mapping of relative surface potentials. We used piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to determine whether polarization switching had occurred. From the PFM data, we found that BFO was poled successfully, and that the measured surface potential was consistent with the sign of the bound polarization charge. For SBN, a thin surface layer was evident in the topography after the application of DC bias, suggesting an electrochemical reaction had taken place between the tip and the sample. We used DH-KPFM to simultaneously map the surface potential and changes in the dielectric properties resulting from this surface layer. The results presented herein demonstrate that DH-KPFM can be used for electric characterization of voltage-sensitive materials, and we anticipate that DH-KFPM will become a useful tool for non-intrusive electrical characterization of materials. {\textcopyright} 2012 IEEE.},
author = {Collins, Liam and Kilpatrick, J. I. and Bhaskaran, M. and Sriram, S. and Weber, S. A. L. and Jarvis, S. P. and Rodriguez, B. J.},
booktitle = {Proc. ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012},
doi = {10.1109/ISAF.2012.6297845},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Dual{\_}harmonic{\_}Kelvin{\_}probe{\_}force{\_}microscopy{\_}for{\_}surface{\_}potential{\_}measurements{\_}of{\_}ferroelectrics.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-4673-2669-8},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,capacitance mapping,dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy,ferroelectric materials,piezoresponse force microscopy,surface potential mapping},
month = {jul},
pages = {1--4},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy for surface potential measurements of ferroelectrics}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6297845/},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Gomez-Monivas2000,
abstract = {A theoretical approach to electrostatic scanning probe microscopy is presented. We show that a simple perturbation formula, originally derived in the context of scattering theory of electromagnetic waves, can be used to obtain the capacitance and the electrostatic force between a metallic tip and an inhomogeneous dielectric sample. For inhomogeneous thin dielectric films, the scanning probe signal is shown to be proportional to the convolution between an effective surface profile and a response function of the microscope. This provides a rigorous framework to address the resolution issue and the inverse problem. {\textcopyright} 2000 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {model of capacitance with tip cone and tip apex in EFM mode from (Fumagalli2006)},
author = {G{\'{o}}mez-Mo{\~{n}}ivas, S. and S{\'{a}}enz, J. J. and Carminati, R. and Greffet, J. J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.126528},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/cap{\_}ES{\_}1.126528.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {may},
number = {20},
pages = {2955--2957},
title = {{Theory of electrostatic probe microscopy: A simple perturbative approach}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.126528},
volume = {76},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Correa-Baena2017,
abstract = {Several aspects on the photophysical characterization of lead halide hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells remain unsolved. It has been observed that ionic transport and polarization of the interfaces cause very slow changes that interfere with transient measurements with effects that cannot be separated from recombination kinetics. Here we establish a protocol of initial measurement of the solar cell that provides information on recombination characteristics prior to applying any voltage cycling. The photovoltaic device is measured by several methods (photovoltage versus light intensity, open-circuit voltage decay, and impedance spectroscopy) while minimizing the exposure to external voltage stimulus to avoid ionic migration to the contacts. Results are independently confirmed by the analysis of samples with interdigitated electrodes. We show that the high-efficiency perovskite solar cells behave very closely to a bulk recombination ideal photovoltaic model. However, when voltage is scanned to determine current density-voltage curves and impedance spectroscopy at fixed illumination intensity, the cell undergoes significant changes, which we attribute to a dominance of recombination at contacts that have been modified by ionic polarization. Our method provides an effective approach for determining quantitatively the rather significant changes that occur to perovskite solar cells during standard measurements, such as current-voltage curves.},
author = {Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo and Turren-Cruz, Silver-Hamill and Tress, Wolfgang and Hagfeldt, Anders and Aranda, Clara and Shooshtari, Leyla and Bisquert, Juan and Guerrero, Antonio},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00059},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Correa-Baena et al. - 2017 - Changes from Bulk to Surface Recombination Mechanisms between Pristine and Cycled Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {681--688},
title = {{Changes from Bulk to Surface Recombination Mechanisms between Pristine and Cycled Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00059},
volume = {2},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Poonam2019,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Poonam and Sharma, Kriti and Arora, Anmol and Tripathi, S.K.},
doi = {10.1016/j.est.2019.01.010},
issn = {2352152X},
journal = {J. Energy Storage},
month = {feb},
pages = {801--825},
title = {{Review of supercapacitors: Materials and devices}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352152X18306339},
volume = {21},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Kopanski1998,
abstract = {A scanning-capacitance-microscope (SCM) mode was implemented by using an atomic force microscope (AFM) operated in intermittent contact and by measuring the tip-to-sample capacitance change at the tip vibration frequency. The intermittent-contact-mode SCM was able to image and determine the overlay separation of metal lines buried under a 1-$\mu$m-thick, planarized dielectric layer. Modeling of the intermittent-contact SCM signal across buried metal lines was consistent with the experimental results. This hybrid intermittent-contact AFM and SCM has the potential to measure the lithographic overlay between metal lines located at consecutive levels beneath dielectric layers in an integrated circuit.},
annote = {IC-SCM Theorie

Geschichte (einer der ersten Paper)},
author = {Kopanski, J. J. and Mayo, S.},
doi = {10.1063/1.121397},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kopanski, Mayo - 1998 - Intermittent-contact scanning capacitance microscope for lithographic overlay measurement.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {may},
number = {19},
pages = {2469--2471},
title = {{Intermittent-contact scanning capacitance microscope for lithographic overlay measurement}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.121397},
volume = {72},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Gao2020,
abstract = {The disorderly distribution of defects in the perovskite or at the grain boundaries, surfaces, and interfaces, which seriously affect carrier transport through the formation of nonradiative recombination centers, hinders the further improvement on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Several defect passivation strategies have been confirmed as an efficient approach for promoting the performance of PSCs. Herein, recent progress in the defect passivation toward efficient perovskite solar cells are summarized, and a classification of common passivation strategies that elaborate the mechanism according to the location of the defects and the type of passivation agent is presented. Finally, this review offers likely prospects for future trends in the development of passivation strategies.},
author = {Gao, Feng and Zhao, Yang and Zhang, Xingwang and You, Jingbi},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201902650},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Energy Materials - 2019 - Gao - Recent Progresses on Defect Passivation toward Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {defect passivation,high-efficiency,perovskites,solar cells},
month = {apr},
number = {13},
pages = {1902650},
title = {{Recent Progresses on Defect Passivation toward Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201902650},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Miyazaki2022,
abstract = {The use of a heterodyne detection scheme in Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is an effective way for enhancing the performance of KPFM. However, this detection scheme generally has difficulty in detecting the first- and second-harmonic electrostatic forces simultaneously. To overcome this problem, we propose dual-bias modulation heterodyne frequency modulation KPFM (DM-hetero-FM KPFM), in which dual AC biases at 2f1±fm are applied between the tip and the sample. DM-hetero-FM KPFM enables us to measure the contact potential difference and capacitance gradient simultaneously at high frequencies (in the MHz range) beyond the bandwidth of phase-lock loop. Moreover, the present method allows us to perform it in the open-loop mode, which is highly desired for performing KPFM on semiconductors or in liquids at high frequencies.},
annote = {From Duplicate 2 (Dual-bias modulation heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy in FM mode - Miyazaki, Masato; Sugawara, Yasuhiro; Li, Yan Jun)

Gefahr, zum Gl{\"{u}}ck nicht},
author = {Miyazaki, Masato and Sugawara, Yasuhiro and Li, Yan Jun},
doi = {10.1063/5.0129433},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Gefahr{\_}5.0129433.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/5.0129433.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {dec},
number = {24},
pages = {241602},
publisher = {AIP Publishing LLC},
title = {{Dual-bias modulation heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy in FM mode}},
url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0129433 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article/2834631 https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/121/24/241602/2834631/Dual-bias-modulation-heterodyne-Kelvin-probe-force},
volume = {121},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Howard2020a,
abstract = {Metal halide perovskites exhibit optimal properties for optoelectronic devices, ranging from photovoltaics to light-emitting diodes, utilizing simple fabrication routes that produce impressive electrical and optical tunability. As perovskite technologies continue to mature, an understanding of their fundamental properties at length scales relevant to their morphology is critical. In this review, an overview is presented of the key insights into perovskite material properties provided by measurement methods based on the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Specifically, the manner in which AFM-based techniques supply valuable information regarding electrical and chemical heterogeneity, ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity, surface passivation and chemical modification, ionic migration, and material/device stability is discussed. Continued advances in perovskite materials will require multimodal approaches and machine learning, where the output of these scanning probe measurements is combined with high spatial resolution structural and chemical information to provide a complete nanoscale description of materials behavior and device performance.},
annote = {Leite, Marina S TR-Methode

Review

Perovsikte Beschreibung usw. f{\"{u}}r Theorie
Und Perowskit unterschied Licht aus Licht an Verweisung!!!

Verweisung auf gute Ion Migration Paper},
author = {Howard, John M. and Lahoti, Richa and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201903161},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Howard, Lahoti, Leite - 2020 - Imaging Metal Halide Perovskites Material and Properties at the Nanoscale(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {artificial intelligence,atomic force microscopy,functional imaging,halide perovskites,nanoscale properties},
month = {jul},
number = {26},
pages = {1903161},
title = {{Imaging Metal Halide Perovskites Material and Properties at the Nanoscale}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201903161},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sangji2021,
abstract = {In Figure 1d, the x-axis label scales for the AFM height profile plots on the left and the middle panels were incorrectly stated as m instead of nm. Additionally, the scale bar on the Cryo-TEM images should be 200 nm. The corrected Figure 1 is provided below. The affiliation information for the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University was missing the university name. These corrections do not affect the conclusions presented in this paper. Corrected Figure 1: (Figure Presented).},
author = {Sangji, M. Hussain and Sai, Hiroaki and Chin, Stacey M. and Lee, Sieun Ruth and {R Sasselli}, Ivan and Palmer, Liam C. and Stupp, Samuel I.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01737},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.nanolett.1c03116.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1530-6984},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {14},
pages = {6146--6155},
pmid = {34460253},
title = {{Correction to “Supramolecular Interactions and Morphology of Self- Assembling Peptide Amphiphile Nanostructures”}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01737},
volume = {21},
year = {2021}
}
@article{DeQuilettes2015a,
abstract = {The remarkable performance of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics is attributed to their long carrier lifetimes and high photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies. High-quality films are associated with slower PL decays, and it has been claimed that grain boundaries have a negligible impact on performance.We used confocal fluorescence microscopy correlated with scanning electron microscopy to spatially resolve the PL decay dynamics from films of nonstoichiometric organic-inorganic perovskites, CH{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}NH{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}PbI{\textless}inf{\textgreater}3{\textless}/inf{\textgreater}(Cl). The PL intensities and lifetimes varied between different grains in the same film, even for films that exhibited long bulk lifetimes. The grain boundaries were dimmer and exhibited faster nonradiative decay. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy showed a positive correlation between chlorine concentration and regions of brighter PL, whereas PL imaging revealed that chemical treatment with pyridine could activate previously dark grains.},
annote = {Ginger, David S. TR-Methoden},
author = {DeQuilettes, Dane W. and Vorpahl, Sarah M. and Stranks, Samuel D. and Nagaoka, Hirokazu and Eperon, Giles E. and Ziffer, Mark E. and Snaith, Henry J. and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1126/science.aaa5333},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/DeQuilettes et al. - 2015 - Impact of microstructure on local carrier lifetime in perovskite solar cells(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {10959203},
journal = {Science (80-. ).},
number = {6235},
pages = {683--686},
title = {{Impact of microstructure on local carrier lifetime in perovskite solar cells}},
volume = {348},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Karatay2016a,
abstract = {The ability to measure microsecond- and nanosecond-scale local dynamics below the diffraction limit with widely available atomic force microscopy hardware would enable new scientific studies in fields ranging from biology to semiconductor physics. However, commercially available scanning-probe instruments typically offer the ability to measure dynamics only on time scales of milliseconds to seconds. Here, we describe in detail the implementation of fast time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy using an oscillating cantilever as a means to measure fast local dynamics following a perturbation to a sample. We show how the phase of the oscillating cantilever relative to the perturbation event is critical to achieving reliable sub-cycle time resolution. We explore how noise affects the achievable time resolution and present empirical guidelines for reducing noise and optimizing experimental parameters. Specifically, we show that reducing the noise on the cantilever by using photothermal excitation instead of piezoacoustic excitation further improves time resolution. We demonstrate the discrimination of signal rise times with time constants as fast as 10 ns, and simultaneous data acquisition and analysis for dramatically improved image acquisition times.},
annote = {Ginger, David S. TR-Methoden


TR-EFM},
author = {Karatay, Durmus U. and Harrison, Jeffrey S. and Glaz, Micah S. and Giridharagopal, Rajiv and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4948396},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Karatay et al. - 2016 - Fast time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy Achieving sub-cycle time resolution.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10897623},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
number = {5},
pmid = {27250430},
title = {{Fast time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy: Achieving sub-cycle time resolution}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4948396},
volume = {87},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Kumari2022,
abstract = {The current study focuses on graphene oxide (GO) and its composite with zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to develop a simple nano chemistry-based clean and efficient process for the effective degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Graphene oxide composite with zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were fabricated via a thermal coupling process that demonstrates exclusive physiochemical properties. A detailed comparison of the structure, morphology, and surface analysis of synthesized GO and nanocomposites, as well as their electrochemical properties, has been accomplished. By using the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye the photocatalytic function of nanocomposites was studied. Results reveal that the rate constants of GO, GO-TiO 2 , and GO-ZnO photocatalysts are 1.06 × 10 −3 min −1 , 2.56 × 10 −3 min −1 , and 1.63 × 10 −3 min −1 respectively which discloses GO-TiO 2 nanocomposite shows maximum degradation of MB dye among both catalysts. The reuse of photocatalyst even after five cycles retained the degradation efficiency of 80, 77, and 49{\%} respectively for GO-TiO 2 , GO-ZnO, and GO when tested against MB. Hence, as a result, it was determined that these photocatalysts are ideal for the remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater.},
annote = {[1 - 9] from {\{}Elayarani2024{\}}},
author = {Kumari, Sujata and Sharma, Pratibha and Ghosh, Debasree and Das, Anirban and Kaushal, Akshey and Rawat, Pooja and Sinha, Chittaranjan and Bhattacharya, Jaydeep and Srivastava, Chandra Mohan and Majumder, Sudip},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2022-0065},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
month = {dec},
number = {11-12},
pages = {1671--1695},
title = {{A novel synthesis of graphene oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO 2 ) and graphene oxide-zinc oxide (GO-ZnO) nanocomposites and their application as effective, reusable photocatalysts for degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2022-0065/html},
volume = {236},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Wong2020,
abstract = {To better understand the wetting of cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), we measured advancing and receding contact angles of sessile water drops on cross-linked PDMS as a function of contact line velocity (up to 100 $\mu$m/s). Three types of samples were investigated: pristine PDMS, PDMS where oligomers were removed by toluene treatment, and PDMS with an enriched concentration of oligomers. Depending on the velocity of advancing contact lines and the contact time with water, different modes of wetting were observed: one with a relatively low contact angle hysteresis ($\Delta$$\theta$ ≈ 10°) and one with a larger hysteresis. We attribute the low hysteresis state, called the lubricated state, to the enrichment of free oligomers at the water-PDMS interface. The enrichment of oligomers is induced by drop contact. The kinetics of the transition to the lubricated state can be described by adaptation theory. PDMS adapts to the presence of water by an enrichment of free oligomers at the interface and a correlated reduction in interfacial tension.},
author = {Wong, William S. Y. and Hauer, Lukas and Naga, Abhinav and Kaltbeitzel, Anke and Baumli, Philipp and Berger, R{\"{u}}diger and D‘Acunzi, Maria and Vollmer, Doris and Butt, Hans-J{\"{u}}rgen},
doi = {10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00538},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/PDMS{\_}Deposition{\_}Butt{\_}acs.langmuir.0c00538.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0743-7463},
journal = {Langmuir},
month = {jul},
number = {26},
pages = {7236--7245},
pmid = {32496071},
title = {{Adaptive Wetting of Polydimethylsiloxane}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00538},
volume = {36},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Collins2018b,
abstract = {Fundamental mechanisms of energy storage, corrosion, sensing, and multiple biological functionalities are directly coupled to electrical processes and ionic dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces. In many cases, these processes are spatially inhomogeneous taking place at grain boundaries, step edges, point defects, ion channels, etc and possess complex time and voltage dependent dynamics. This necessitates time-resolved and real-space probing of these phenomena. In this review, we discuss the applications of force-sensitive voltage modulated scanning probe microscopy (SPM) for probing electrical phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces. We first describe the working principles behind electrostatic and Kelvin probe force microscopies (EFM {\&} KPFM) at the gas-solid interface, review the state of the art in advanced KPFM methods and developments to (i) overcome limitations of classical KPFM, (ii) expand the information accessible from KPFM, and (iii) extend KPFM operation to liquid environments. We briefly discuss the theoretical framework of electrical double layer (EDL) forces and dynamics, the implications and breakdown of classical EDL models for highly charged interfaces or under high ion concentrations, and describe recent modifications of the classical EDL theory relevant for understanding nanoscale electrical measurements at the solid-liquid interface. We further review the latest achievements in mapping surface charge, dielectric constants, and electrodynamic and electrochemical processes in liquids. Finally, we outline the key challenges and opportunities that exist in the field of nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid as well as providing a roadmap for the future development of liquid KPFM.},
author = {Collins, Liam and Kilpatrick, Jason I. and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Rodriguez, Brian J.},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6633/aab560},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/Collins{\_}2018{\_}Rep.{\_}Prog.{\_}Phys.{\_}81{\_}086101.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-4885},
journal = {Reports Prog. Phys.},
keywords = {Kelvin probe force microscopy,atomic force microscopy,electrostatic force microscopy,liquid KPFM,scanning probe microscopy,solid liquid interface},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {086101},
pmid = {29990308},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6633/aab560},
volume = {81},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Zhao2022,
abstract = {Understanding the effect of additive on the interfacial charge-carrier transfer dynamics is very crucial to obtaining highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we designed a simple additive, dimethyl oxalate (DO), functioning as an effective defect passivator of perovskite grain boundaries via the coordination interaction between the carbonyl (C=O) and the exposed Pb2+. The modification with DO produces pinhole-free and compact perovskite films, enhancing the transportation capability of carriers. As a consequence, the DO-treated PSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.19{\%}, which is significantly higher than that of the control device without additive (19.58{\%}). More importantly, detailed transient absorption characterization reveals that the use of additive can decrease the hot-carrier cooling dynamics, improve the carrier transfer, and eliminate nonradiative recombination in PSCs. This present work provides a profound understanding the additives effect on the carrier dynamics in PSCs toward the Shockley−Queisser limit.},
author = {Zhao, Rongjun and Wu, Tai and Zhuang, Rongshan and Hua, Yong and Wang, Yude},
doi = {10.1002/eem2.12417},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Charge{\_}carrier{\_}dynamics{\_}pero{\_}Energy   Environ Materials - 2022 - Zhao - Unravel the Charge‐Carrier Dynamics in Simple Dimethyl Oxalate‐Treated.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2575-0356},
journal = {ENERGY Environ. Mater.},
keywords = {Perovskite solar cell,additive engineering,carrier dynamics,defect passivation},
month = {nov},
pages = {1--9},
title = {{Unravel the Charge‐Carrier Dynamics in Simple Dimethyl Oxalate‐Treated Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 22{\%}}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eem2.12417},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Montcada2017,
abstract = {In this work, we analyze the carrier recombination kinetics and the associated charge carrier density in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPI) solar cells that use mesoporous TiO2 as selective contact (m-MAPI) and flat solar cells (without the mesoporous TiO2, f-MAPI), which are the most common device architectures for perovskite solar cells. The use of PIT-PV (photoinduced transient photovoltage) and L-TAS (laser transient absorption spectroscopy) showed that for devices that cannot reach efficiencies close to 19{\%} there is a slow component of the photovoltage decay that corresponds to a charge recombination pathway for carrier losses responsible for the lower device efficiency. Moreover, we have also identified a primary interfacial charge recombination pathway for carrier losses that is common in all devices studied, independent of their efficiency or their device structure, which we have associated with the recombination reaction between electrons in the perovskite and holes in the organic semiconductor material used as the selective contact.},
author = {Montcada, N{\'{u}}ria F. and Mar{\'{i}}n-Beloqui, Jos{\'{e}} Manuel and Cambarau, Werther and Jim{\'{e}}nez-L{\'{o}}pez, Jes{\'{u}}s and Cabau, Lydia and Cho, Kyung Taek and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja and Palomares, Emilio},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00600},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Montcada et al. - 2017 - Analysis of Photoinduced Carrier Recombination Kinetics in Flat and Mesoporous Lead Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {182--187},
title = {{Analysis of Photoinduced Carrier Recombination Kinetics in Flat and Mesoporous Lead Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00600},
volume = {2},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Kim2021a,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) attract significant attention owing to their numerous advantages such as superior optical/electrical properties and solution processability. However, the existence of defects in the grain boundaries still prevents high performance and stable PeSCs. Here, we present a simple yet effective momentary spinning (MS) method for passivating defect sites in the grain boundaries of PeSCs. By applying the MS method to the perovskite active layer, we achieve infiltration of p-type hole transporting materials (HTMs) with selective hole transport into grain boundaries, thereby reducing leakage current, suppressing nonradiative recombination loss, and achieving efficient hole extraction. The MS-fabricated PeSCs remarkably enhance device performance, displaying higher short-circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) than the conventional spin-coating (SC) devices. The best device exhibits a Jsc of 23.2 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.99 V, and an FF of 0.81, yielding a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.6{\%}. In addition, passivating hydrophilic grain boundaries with hydrophobic HTM improves the moisture stability of the device. When device performance is monitored for over 20 days of storage, the MS device exhibits improved stability with over 80{\%} of the initial PCE compared to the SC device with only 50{\%}.},
author = {Kim, Danbi and Shin, Insoo and Yang, Hyun-Seock and Hangoma, Pesi Mwitumwa and Bae, Jong Seong and Lee, Bo Ram and Kim, Joo Hyun and Moon, Doo Kyung and Park, Sung Heum},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230212},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/charge{\_}extraction{\_}pero{\_}10.1016{\_}j.jpowsour.2021.230212.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03787753},
journal = {J. Power Sources},
keywords = {Grain growth,Hole transport materials,Infiltration force,Inverted perovskite solar cells,Passivation method},
month = {sep},
number = {June},
pages = {230212},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Enhancement in charge extraction and moisture stability of perovskite solar cell via infiltration of charge transport material in grain boundaries}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230212 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378775321007345},
volume = {506},
year = {2021}
}
@phdthesis{Gries_MA_2020,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells still suffer from low stability compared to their silicon counterparts. Various passivation strategies have been applied in order to enhance stability and to reduce defect formation. In this study, the model perovskite compounds MAPbI3 and Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3 were used in order to study the influence of five different passivation agents on the thin film stability and morphology: tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as encapsulating agents, phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) for formation of Ruddlesden-Popper-type low-dimensional perovskite, and RbI and KI as defect-passivating agents. Stability under ambient conditions was quantified via photoluminescence- (PL) and ultraviolet-visible- (UV/Vis) spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thin film topography and contact potential difference (CPD) maps were acquired via frequency modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy (FM-KPFM). APTES, which has never been used before as an additive in thin film synthesis, yielded highly stabilized Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3 films with no noticeable phase change to up to 3 d of ambient storage. This represents a significant enhancement to the pure Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3 film which underwent phase-change within the first hour of ambient storage. FM-KPFM revealed strongly diminished, but highly oriented grains. Faster hydrolysis of APTES monomer compared to TEOS monomer in the precursor solution was detected via 1H- and 29Si- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), indicating largely divergent thin film formation dynamics reflected in the morphology. The promising results regarding thin film stability can motivate further optimization of the synthesis parameters. The non-stabilizing effect of PEAI additive on MAPbI3 films was assigned to a less pronounced formation of 2D-perovskite as compared to their Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3 equivalents, where highly directed terrace structures on large grains could be associated with the presence of 2Dperovskite via FM-KPFM. Alkali metal iodide additives RbI and KI proved to form distinct phase segregations instead of being located on the grain exteriors and, thus, no significant stabilizing effect was observed under ambient conditions.},
annote = {Masterarbeit Thomas f{\"{u}}r Abbildung KPFM},
author = {Gries, Thomas W.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Master Thesis Thomas Gries.pdf:pdf},
school = {ETH Z{\"{u}}rich},
title = {{Masterarbeit: Perovskite Thin Films under the Microscope: The Impact of Grain Passivation on Morphology and Stability}},
type = {Master thesis},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Nagabhushana2016,
abstract = {Organic metal halide perovskites are a promising class of materials for next-generation solar cells. However, they are chemically labile, raising questions of thermodynamic stability and posing a significant challenge for their use. This paper provides direct calorimetric measurements of their heats of formation from binary halide constituents. The positive formation enthalpy of methylammonium lead iodide from MAI and PbI 2 (MA = methylammonium) confirms thermodynamic instability, thus limiting long-term persistence even in the absence of air, moisture, heat, or light. The enthalpy of formation of the iodide, bromide, and chloride perovskite becomes less positive with increasing Goldschmidt tolerance factor, suggesting a criterion in the search for more stable hybrid perovskites.},
author = {Nagabhushana, G. P. and Shivaramaiah, Radha and Navrotsky, Alexandra},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1607850113},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.},
month = {jul},
number = {28},
pages = {7717--7721},
title = {{Direct calorimetric verification of thermodynamic instability of lead halide hybrid perovskites}},
url = {https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1607850113},
volume = {113},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Friesen1997,
abstract = {Frequently transient measurement techniques lead to capacitance effects which complicate the accurate measurement of the performance of high efficiency solar cells. The photo-current-response measurement (PCR), developed at ESTI, offers a tool for the investigation of these capacitance effects. This paper describes the theory of capacitance effects and the diffusion capacitance as experimental results achieved by the PCR-method. The theory shows that the diffusion capacitance is strongly dependent on the minority carrier diffusion length and lifetime. In the future the PCR-method could be used for the determination of this solar cell parameter. We show, using monochromatic light pulses, that the induced diffusion capacitance charge (Qdiff) is exponentially dependent on the bias voltage and linearly dependent on the light intensity. Finally, the capacitance effect is made clearly visible by the generation of the current-voltage characteristic from PCR-measurements.},
author = {Friesen, G. and Ossenbrink, H.A.},
doi = {10.1016/S0927-0248(97)00072-X},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S092702489700072X-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09270248},
journal = {Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells},
keywords = {Capacitance,High-efficiency cells},
month = {nov},
number = {1-4},
pages = {77--83},
title = {{Capacitance effects in high-efficiency cells}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092702489700072X},
volume = {48},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Houze2005,
abstract = {A promising technique derived from conducting probe atomic force microscopy is presented. It gives the local resistance and capacitance cartographies of a surface simultaneously with the classical height image. Preliminary investigations on a contaminated gold sample illustrate that it is possible to obtain contrasted triple images. Six decades of capacitance values can be reached, from 10-16 to 10-10 F, with resistance measurements ranging over ten decades. Great care was taken to verify the accuracy of the absolute capacitance values. For this purpose, specific calibration samples of well-defined geometry were elaborated and carefully tested, and the experimental results were compared with finite elements calculations. {\textcopyright} 2005 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Houz{\'{e}}, Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric and Chr{\'{e}}tien, Pascal and Schneegans, Olivier and Meyer, Ren{\'{e}} and Boyer, Lionel},
doi = {10.1063/1.1886262},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.1886262.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {12},
pages = {123103},
title = {{Simultaneous resistance and capacitance cartography by conducting probe atomic force microscopy in contact mode}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1886262},
volume = {86},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Jaensch2006,
abstract = {Scanning capacitance microscopy is an analytical technique able to provide direct carrier distribution information on the nanoscale using HF amplitude detection and lock-in techniques. For the reliability analysis of semiconductor devices also defect characterisation is necessary on the nanoscale. On the micrometer-scale the important parameters of deep defects in semiconductors (emission barrier energy, capture cross section, defect distribution) are determined by deep level transient spectroscopy where capacitance transients are measured with period widths ranging between microseconds and several seconds as a function of temperature. We designed an HF coaxial resonator with a resolution of 5.8×10-21 F/Hz1/2 in combination with an IQ-demodulator system for temperature-dependent quantitative static and dynamic capacitance measurements on the nanoscale around the resonance frequency of ca. 2.2 GHz of the sample-resonator unit. First results from isothermal spectroscopy measurements on a n-type conducting GaAs sample (n=1018 cm-3) with native oxide reveal a "textbook" CV plot shifted on the voltage axis due to mobile ions. {\textcopyright} 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Jaensch, S. and Schmidt, H. and Grundmann, M.},
doi = {10.1016/j.physb.2005.12.227},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0921452605016169-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09214526},
journal = {Phys. B Condens. Matter},
keywords = {HF capacitance sensor,MOS diode,Scanning probe microscopy},
month = {apr},
number = {1},
pages = {913--915},
title = {{Quantitative scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921452605016169},
volume = {376-377},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Yamagishi2018,
abstract = {Understanding the relationship between the microscopic structures and the carrier transport properties in organic electronic materials is of fundamental interest to exploit the potential of the materials and thus to realize highly efficient organic devices. In this study, carrier ejection processes in polycrystalline organic thin film transistors are investigated by time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (tr-KPFM) that is capable of visualizing time evolution of the surface potential triggered by the application of a voltage pulse with a temporal resolution of 3 ms. The obtained tr-KPFM images show that the spatial distribution of the diffusing charge carriers is mostly non-homogeneous, reflecting the complex resistivity distribution in the channel region formed by the crystalline grains. The trapped charges in some grains diffuse to the electrodes on a time scale of several tens of milliseconds due to the low contact resistance of the grain boundaries, while most of the trapped charges diffuse on a time scale of hundreds of milliseconds.},
annote = {TR-KPFM

aber mit Pulsen ! Sp{\"{a}}ter interessant},
author = {Yamagishi, Yuji and Kobayashi, Kei and Kimura, Tomoharu and Noda, Kei and Yamada, Hirofumi},
doi = {10.1016/j.orgel.2018.02.041},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yamagishi et al. - 2018 - Local carrier dynamics in organic thin film transistors investigated by time-resolved Kelvin probe force micro.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15661199},
journal = {Org. Electron.},
keywords = {Grain boundaries,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Organic transistors,Trap states},
number = {February},
pages = {118--122},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Local carrier dynamics in organic thin film transistors investigated by time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2018.02.041},
volume = {57},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Kronik2001,
abstract = {The possibility of obtaining a detailed picture of the electronic structure makes surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) eminently suitable for bridging the gap between the chemical, physical, optical and electrical properties of semiconductors. In SPS, changes in band bending (both at the free semiconductor surface and at buried interfaces) are monitored as a function of external illumination. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy can provide detailed, quantitative information on bulk properties (e.g. bandgap and type, carrier diffusion length and lifetime) and can be used for complete construction of surface and interface band diagrams, including the measurement of energy levels in quantum structures. A particular strength is that a comprehensive analysis of surface and bulk defect state distributions and properties is made possible. Measurements using SPS are contactless and non‐destructive. In addition, they can be performed both in situ and ex situ , at any reasonable temperature, on any semiconducting material, at any ambient and at any lateral resolution down to the atomic scale. This review starts with an overview of SPS‐related surface and interface theory, describes the SPS experimental set‐up and presents applications for surface and interface characterization of a wide variety of materials and structures, cross‐correlating them with other methodologies. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2001 John Wiley {\&} Sons, Ltd.},
author = {Kronik, Leeor and Shapira, Yoram},
doi = {10.1002/sia.1132},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Photovoltage{\_}Semiconductor{\_}Surface Interface Analysis - 2001 - Kronik - Surface photovoltage spectroscopy of semiconductor structures at the.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0142-2421},
journal = {Surf. Interface Anal.},
keywords = {Semiconductor structures,Surface photovoltage spectroscopy},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {954--965},
title = {{Surface photovoltage spectroscopy of semiconductor structures: at the crossroads of physics, chemistry and electrical engineering}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sia.1132 https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sia.1132},
volume = {31},
year = {2001}
}
@phdthesis{Bergmann2019,
author = {Bergmann, Victor W.},
doi = {http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1646},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Vicor{\_}Bergmann{\_}Diss{\_}100003529.pdf:pdf},
school = {Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz},
title = {{Inside Perovskite Solar Cells Charges at Interfaces}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Robertson2006,
annote = {dielectric properties play a crucial role in high-k dieletrics},
author = {Robertson, John},
doi = {10.1088/0034-4885/69/2/R02},
issn = {0034-4885},
journal = {Reports Prog. Phys.},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {327--396},
title = {{High dielectric constant gate oxides for metal oxide Si transistors}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/69/2/R02},
volume = {69},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Tian2015,
abstract = {Propagation of the light-induced trap passivation reaction through a thick perovskite crystal.},
annote = {from (Schutz2022)},
author = {Tian, Yuxi and Peter, Maximilian and Unger, Eva and Abdellah, Mohamed and Zheng, Kaibo and Pullerits, T{\~{o}}nu and Yartsev, Arkady and Sundstr{\"{o}}m, Villy and Scheblykin, Ivan G.},
doi = {10.1039/C5CP04410C},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/c5cp04410c.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1463-9076},
journal = {Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.},
number = {38},
pages = {24978--24987},
title = {{Mechanistic insights into perovskite photoluminescence enhancement: light curing with oxygen can boost yield thousandfold}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C5CP04410C},
volume = {17},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Cavalcoli2010,
abstract = {Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) allows for obtaining a detailed picture of the electronic structure of semiconductors. In SPS, changes in band bending at the free semiconductor surface are monitored as a function of external illumination. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy can provide detailed, quantitative information on bulk properties (e.g. bandgap and conductivity type, defect states energy, and lifetime) and can be used for complete construction of surface and interface band diagrams, including the measurement of energy levels in quantum structures. Measurements using SPS are contactless and non-destructive. In addition, they can be performed both in situ and ex situ, at any reasonable temperature, on many semiconducting materials, at any ambient and at any lateral resolution down to the atomic scale. In this review an overview of SPS-related theory is presented, the SPS experimental set-up is described and applications for the characterization of a wide variety of materials and structures are presented. {\textcopyright} 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH {\&} Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},
author = {Cavalcoli, Daniela and Cavallini, Anna},
doi = {10.1002/pssc.200983124},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/physica status solidi c - 2010 - Cavalcoli - Surface photovoltage spectroscopy ‐ method and applications.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0512095116},
issn = {1862-6351},
journal = {Phys. status solidi c},
keywords = {Electronic structure,Photovoltage,Surface double layer,Surface states},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {1293--1300},
title = {{Surface photovoltage spectroscopy ‐ method and applications}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pssc.200983124},
volume = {7},
year = {2010}
}
@article{PerkinElmerinstruments2000,
abstract = {In its most basic form a lock-in amplifier is an instrument with dual capability. It can recover signals in the presence of an overwhelming noise background or, alternatively, it can provide high resolution measurements of relatively clean signals over several orders of magnitude and frequency. However, modern instruments offer far more than these two basic functions and this increased capability has led to their acceptance, in many scientific disciplines, as units which can provide the optimum solution to a large range of measurement problems.},
author = {PerkinElmer instruments},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/PerkinElmer instruments - 2000 - Technical Note What is a Lock-in Amplifier.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--},
title = {{Technical Note: What is a Lock-in Amplifier?}},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Ali2023,
abstract = {Nanoparticles synthesised using natural resources is a cost-effective and ecofriendly technique with a number of advantages. In current work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using the extract of Fragaria ananassa seeds. The extract was used as a source of phytochemicals that can act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The characteristics of AgNPs were determined by UV/Visible, FTIR, SEM, XRD and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The appearance of the distinctive absorption peak in UV-visible spectra at 430 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The involvement of different bioactive functional groups with AgNPs was authenticated by FTIR studies. Particle size and morphology was confirmed by DLS, SEM and XRD analysis. The catalytic potential of AgNPs for the removal of poisonous organic dyes, brilliant green (BG) and methyl orange (MO) was also tested. Effect of different parameters including the catalyst concentration, dyes concentration and presence of different salts on the degradation of dyes was investigated. Nano-size and well-distributed nature of AgNPs, BG and MO dyes were degraded rapidly individually as well as simultaneously. The degradation process obeyed pseudo first order kinetics. Authors concluded that AgNPs synthesized using environment friendly and cost-effective method, can be used as a new tool to combat pollution caused by carcinogenic organic dyes.},
annote = {[1 - 9] from {\{}Elayarani2024{\}}},
author = {Ali, Faisal and Safdar, Anosha and Younas, Umer and Sillanpaa, Mika and Pervaiz, Muhammad and Nazir, Arif and Naeem, Muhammad and Iqbal, Munawar and Al-Kahtani, Abdullah A. and Tighezza, Ammar Mohamed},
doi = {10.1515/zpch-2022-0098},
issn = {0942-9352},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Phys. Chemie},
month = {apr},
number = {4-5},
pages = {599--616},
title = {{Kinetics of simultaneous degradation of brilliant green and methyl orange using biosynthesized high functional Ag nanoparticles}},
url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2022-0098/html},
volume = {237},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Howard2020,
abstract = {Metal halide perovskites exhibit optimal properties for optoelectronic devices, ranging from photovoltaics to light-emitting diodes, utilizing simple fabrication routes that produce impressive electrical and optical tunability. As perovskite technologies continue to mature, an understanding of their fundamental properties at length scales relevant to their morphology is critical. In this review, an overview is presented of the key insights into perovskite material properties provided by measurement methods based on the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Specifically, the manner in which AFM-based techniques supply valuable information regarding electrical and chemical heterogeneity, ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity, surface passivation and chemical modification, ionic migration, and material/device stability is discussed. Continued advances in perovskite materials will require multimodal approaches and machine learning, where the output of these scanning probe measurements is combined with high spatial resolution structural and chemical information to provide a complete nanoscale description of materials behavior and device performance.},
annote = {Leite, Marina S TR-Methode},
author = {Howard, John M. and Lahoti, Richa and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201903161},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Howard, Lahoti, Leite - 2020 - Imaging Metal Halide Perovskites Material and Properties at the Nanoscale.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {artificial intelligence,atomic force microscopy,functional imaging,halide perovskites,nanoscale properties},
month = {jul},
number = {26},
pages = {1903161},
title = {{Imaging Metal Halide Perovskites Material and Properties at the Nanoscale}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201903161},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Nioua2017,
abstract = {A series of composite materials was fabricated by mixing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) powder particles in an epoxy resin. In this paper, we analyze impedance measurements on these materials over broad frequency and temperature ranges. The real and imaginary parts of the effective complex impedance are well fitted to the Cole–Cole equation. The frequency dependence of the ac conductivity follows Jonscher's law with relaxation processes characterized by a broad distribution of relaxation times. The imaginary part of the effective electric impedance collapses onto a single master curve using a single characteristic frequency as a scaling parameter. We find that the electrical properties of the samples are strongly influenced by graphene oxide content. Below percolation threshold, the ac transport can be interpreted as due to electron hopping. Further, we find that the frequency-dependent effective impedance measurements overlap on a single master curve in the range of temperatures explored, showing that a single electrical conduction mechanism is operative. Close and above percolation threshold, the ac conduction originates from both electron tunneling and capacitive paths among the rGO nanoparticles in the polymer bulk.},
annote = {frequency and temperature dependences of the ac conductivity

[3] of (Kumar2021)

not really interesting},
author = {Nioua, Y. and {El Bouazzaoui}, S. and Melo, B. M.G. and Prezas, P. R.S. and Gra{\c{c}}a, M. P.F. and Achour, M. E. and Costa, L. C. and Brosseau, C.},
doi = {10.1007/s10853-017-1462-2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Nioua2017{\_}Article{\_}AnalyzingTheFrequencyAndTemper.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15734803},
journal = {J. Mater. Sci.},
number = {24},
pages = {13790--13798},
title = {{Analyzing the frequency and temperature dependences of the ac conductivity and dielectric analysis of reduced graphene oxide/epoxy polymer nanocomposites}},
volume = {52},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Bhachu2015,
abstract = {An industrially relevant, scalable deposition route to high quality MAPI films is reported.},
author = {Bhachu, D. S. and Scanlon, D. O. and Saban, E. J. and Bronstein, H. and Parkin, I. P. and Carmalt, C. J. and Palgrave, R. G.},
doi = {10.1039/C4TA05522E},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {17},
pages = {9071--9073},
title = {{Scalable route to CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite thin films by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4TA05522E},
volume = {3},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Kannan2016,
annote = {Quelle Solareinstrahlung Einleitung},
author = {Kannan, Nadarajah and Vakeesan, Divagar},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.022},
issn = {13640321},
journal = {Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.},
month = {sep},
pages = {1092--1105},
title = {{Solar energy for future world: - A review}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032116301320},
volume = {62},
year = {2016}
}
@incollection{Cui2022,
address = {Boca Raton},
author = {Cui, Anyang and Deng, Menghan and Ye, Yan and Wang, Xiang and Hu, Zhigao},
booktitle = {At. Force Microsc. Energy Res.},
doi = {10.1201/9781003174042-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/9781003174042{\_}previewpdf.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781032004075},
month = {mar},
pages = {1--43},
publisher = {CRC Press},
title = {{Principles and Basic Modes of Atomic Force Microscopy}},
url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003174042/chapters/10.1201/9781003174042-1},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Kathan-Galipeau2011,
abstract = {A novel approach to energy harvesting and biosensing devices would exploit optoelectronic processes found in proteins that occur in nature. However, in order to design such systems, the proteins need to be attached to electrodes and the optoelectronic properties in nonliquid (ambient) environments must be understood at a fundamental level. Here we report the simultaneous detection of electron transport and the effect of optical absorption on dielectric polarizability in oriented peptide single molecular layers. This characterization requires a peptide design strategy to control protein/electrode interface interactions, to allow peptide patterning on a substrate, and to induce optical activity. In addition, a new method to probe electronic, dielectric, and optical properties at the single molecular layer level is demonstrated. The combination enables a quantitative comparison of the change in polarization volume between the ground state and excited state in a single molecular layer in a manner that allows spatial mapping relevant to ultimate device design. {\textcopyright} 2011 American Chemical Society.},
author = {Kathan-Galipeau, Kendra and Nanayakkara, Sanjini and O'Brian, Paul A. and Nikiforov, Maxim and Discher, Bohdana M. and Bonnell, Dawn A.},
doi = {10.1021/nn200887n},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Imp{\_}nn200887n.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1936-0851},
journal = {ACS Nano},
keywords = {bio-optoelectronic,device,interface,peptide,porphyrin,protein,scanning impedance,scanning probe microscopy},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {4835--4842},
pmid = {21612231},
title = {{Direct Probe of Molecular Polarization in De Novo Protein–Electrode Interfaces}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nn200887n},
volume = {5},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Barker2017,
abstract = {Solution-processable metal halide perovskites show immense promise for use in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications. The ability to tune their bandgap by alloying various halide anions (for example, in CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3, 0 {\textless} x {\textless} 1) is however hampered by the reversible photoinduced formation of sub-bandgap emissive states. We find that ion segregation takes place via halide defects, resulting in iodide-rich low-bandgap regions close to the illuminated surface of the film. This segregation may be driven by the strong gradient in carrier generation rate through the thickness of these strongly absorbing materials. Once returned to the dark, entropically driven intermixing of halides returns the system to a homogeneous condition. We present approaches to suppress this process by controlling either the internal light distribution or the defect density within the film. These results are relevant to stability in both single- and mixed-halide perovskites, leading the way toward tunable and stable perovskite thin films for photovoltaic and light-emitting applications.},
author = {Barker, Alex J. and Sadhanala, Aditya and Deschler, Felix and Gandini, Marina and Senanayak, Satyaprasad P. and Pearce, Phoebe M. and Mosconi, Edoardo and Pearson, Andrew J. and Wu, Yue and {Srimath Kandada}, Ajay Ram and Leijtens, Tomas and {De Angelis}, Filippo and Dutton, Si{\^{a}}n E. and Petrozza, Annamaria and Friend, Richard H.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00282},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barker et al. - 2017 - Defect-Assisted Photoinduced Halide Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Thin Films.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {1416--1424},
title = {{Defect-Assisted Photoinduced Halide Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Thin Films}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00282},
volume = {2},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Ligor2009,
abstract = {In this paper, the reliability of the characterization of thin oxides at the nanoscale using Scanning Capacitance Spectroscopy (SCS) is addressed. 5 nm thick thermal silicon dioxide layers are probed by SCS and compared to capacitance versus voltage (C-V)curves obtained with a classical ("macroscopic") bench using large (e.g. 100 $\mu$m × 100 $\mu$m) electrodes. The detrimental influence of the laser used for the measurement of the deflection of the AFM cantilever is pointed out. It is shown that SCS is not able to provide the correct shape of the dC/dV versus voltage curve, compared to macroscopic C-V curves. In particular, a hysteretic behaviour and an increase of the signal in the inversion region are measured by SCS whereas they are not present in macroscopic C-V curves. We show that this can be explained by a bad electrical contact (presence of contaminants and/or charges) between the Atomic Force Microscope's tip and the oxide. Macroscopic C-V curves obtained directly with a large metallic tip positioned on the oxide layer show the same features as SCS, while SCS operated on an electrode cut from an electrode of macroscopic size used for macroscopic C-V curves leads to the correct shape. This shows that SCS won't be fully comparable to macroscopic measurements unless the influence of the contact between the AFM tip and the sample is taken into account. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Ligor, O. and Gautier, B. and Descamps-Mandine, A. and Albertini, D. and Baboux, N. and Militaru, L.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tsf.2009.05.026},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Interpretation-of-scanning-capacitance-microscopy-for-thin-{\_}2009{\_}Thin-Solid-.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00406090},
journal = {Thin Solid Films},
keywords = {Atomic force microscopy,Capacitors,Metal-oxide interface,Scanning capacitance microscopy,Silicon oxide},
month = {oct},
number = {24},
pages = {6721--6725},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Interpretation of scanning capacitance microscopy for thin oxides characterization}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.05.026 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040609009009675},
volume = {517},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Acuna2019,
abstract = {Photovoltaic structures of Glass/FTO/CdS/CH3NH3PbI3 have been fabricated and the effects of rapid thermal processing (RTP)on these structures are investigated. First, CdS thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition on which PbI2 by spin coating followed by 60 min dipping in 0.1 M CH3NH3I solution, varying PbI2 concentrations (0.6–1 M). Studies on the effects of RTP of the CH3NH3PbI3 films and the PbI2 precursor layers revealed an increase in the open-circuit voltage as well as the short curcuit current due to the improved crystallinity and the change in the preferential orientation of the perovskite growth leading to better charge transport. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The optical and electrical properties were also measured.The perovskite films formed exhibited tetragonal crystalline structure with uniform and compact morphology. The thin films were photoconductive and possessed a direct band gap of 1.5–1.6 eV. The XPS analysis showed the presence of the constituent elements and their chemical states. The photovoltaic parameters of the best cells were: Voc = 0.62 V, Jsc = 5.2 mA/cm2, FF = 0.43 and an efficiency of 1.2{\%}. The present work span the scope of the hybrid perovskite mateirals in the conventional p-n heterojuntion solar cells free of any organic HTM layers.},
annote = {dip coating},
author = {Acu{\~{n}}a, Daniel and Shaji, Sadasivan and Avellaneda, David Avellaneda and Aguilar-Mart{\'{i}}nez, Josue Amilcar and Krishnan, Bindu},
doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.060},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Acu{\~{n}}a et al. - 2019 - CH3NH3PbI3CdS planar photovoltaic junction by spin-dip coating Studies on the effects of PbI2 layer thickness and.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0038092X},
journal = {Sol. Energy},
keywords = {HTM free,Perovskite solar cell: rapid thermal processing,Spin coating},
number = {May},
pages = {427--437},
title = {{CH3NH3PbI3/CdS planar photovoltaic junction by spin-dip coating: Studies on the effects of PbI2 layer thickness and rapid thermal treatments}},
volume = {187},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Yudco2023,
author = {Yudco, Shir and Bisquert, Juan and Etgar, Lioz},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02822},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/yudco-et-al-2023-enhanced-led-performance-by-ion-migration-in-multiple-quantum-well-perovskite.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {dec},
number = {51},
pages = {11610--11617},
pmid = {38100371},
title = {{Enhanced LED Performance by Ion Migration in Multiple Quantum Well Perovskite}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02822},
volume = {14},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Kopanski1996a,
abstract = {A scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) has been implemented by interfacing a commercial contact‐mode atomic force microscope with a high‐sensitivity capacitance sensor. The SCM has promise as a next‐generation dopant‐profiling technique because the measurement is inherently two dimensional, has a potential spatial resolution limited by tip diameter of at least 20 nm, and requires no current carrying metal–semiconductor contact. Differential capacitance images have been made with the SCM of a variety of bulk‐doped samples and in the vicinity of pn junctions and homojunctions. Also, a computer code has been written that can numerically solve Poisson's equation for a model SCM geometry by using the method of collocation of Gaussian points. Measured data and model output for similar structures are presented. How data and model output can be combined to achieve an experimental determination of dopant profile is discussed.},
author = {Kopanski, J. J.},
doi = {10.1116/1.588455},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.588455.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0734211X},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanom. Struct.},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {242},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy measurements and modeling: Progress towards dopant profiling of silicon}},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/avs/journal/jvstb/14/1/10.1116/1.588455 https://pubs.aip.org/avs/jvb/article/14/1/242-247/1074355},
volume = {14},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Lei2018,
abstract = {Preparing organometal halide perovskite array thin films from solution is a big challenge due to its soluble nature. In this work, we provide a fast chemical vapor-solid reaction (FCVR) for fabricating perovskite array thin films. An elemental Pb array thin film was firstly prepared by magnetron sputtering using a shadow mask, which then converted to CH3NH3PbI3 arrays by reacting with CH3NH3I. The related photoelectric characteristics were investigated by Uv–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and transient photovoltage analysis. The photodetector devices were assembled using these resultant perovskite thin films, which showed a fast response with 3 ms rise time and 3 ms decay time both under 405 nm and 660 nm light illumination. The response was faster than the commercial photodetector. This FCVR method not only provides a high quality perovskite array thin film, but also a novel synthesis strategy for new organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite photoelectric materials.},
author = {Lei, Yan and Gu, Longyan and Yang, Xiaogang and Zhang, Leilei and Gao, Yuanhao and Li, Jianxi and Zheng, Zhi},
doi = {10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.039},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lei et al. - 2018 - Fast chemical vapor-solid reaction for synthesizing organometal halide perovskite array thin films for photodetector.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09258388},
journal = {J. Alloys Compd.},
keywords = {Fast chemical vapor-solid reaction,Perovskite array thin film,Photodetector,Time response},
month = {oct},
pages = {933--940},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V},
title = {{Fast chemical vapor-solid reaction for synthesizing organometal halide perovskite array thin films for photodetector applications}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.039 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925838818325398},
volume = {766},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Moscatello2017,
abstract = {We present a time-resolved Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) technique that can record carrier motion on the scale of milliseconds, appropriate for polycrystalline materials like organic semiconductors. The organic semiconductors are studied in a transistor geometry to which we apply a step voltage to the back-gate. We record the change in potential at a specific location and observe the times associated with filling and emptying majority carrier traps, observed in hole majority carrier poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and a perylene diimide electron majority carrier, PDI-CN2. We see signs of bias stress with repeated measurements in P3HT.},
annote = {Grundlage?},
author = {Moscatello, Jason P. and Castaneda, Chloe V. and Zaidi, Alyina and Cao, Minxuan and Usluer, Ozlem and Briseno, Alejandro L. and Aidala, Katherine E.},
doi = {10.1016/j.orgel.2016.11.001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Moscatello et al. - 2017 - Time-resolved kelvin probe force microscopy to study population and depopulation of traps in electron or hole.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15661199},
journal = {Org. Electron.},
keywords = {Charge motion,Organic photovoltaics,Organic semiconductors,P3HT,PDI-CN2,Scanning probe microscopy},
pages = {26--32},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V},
title = {{Time-resolved kelvin probe force microscopy to study population and depopulation of traps in electron or hole majority organic semiconductors}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2016.11.001},
volume = {41},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Katagiri2016,
abstract = {Vertical mobilities of poly-3-hexythiophene (P3HT) thin films annealed with various temperatures were estimated by using charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) method, and were compared with those estimated from a conventional space-charge limited current (SCLC) method. Both methods revealed that the mobilities were improved with increasing annealing temperature because of enhanced crystallinity of the P3HT film. In high annealing temperature more than 150°C, SCLC method could not be applicable due to deviation from theoretical analysis; in contrast, CELIV method was valid for all annealing conditions.},
author = {Katagiri, Chiho and Nakayama, Ken-ichi},
doi = {10.1080/15421406.2015.1094865},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Charge{\_}Extraction{\_}Comparison of the carrier mobilities of annealed P3HT films by using charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage and space charge.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1542-1406},
journal = {Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst.},
keywords = {Charge carrier mobility,charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing v,poly-3-hexythiophene,space-charge limited current},
month = {apr},
number = {1},
pages = {193--199},
publisher = {Taylor {\&} Francis},
title = {{Comparison of the carrier mobilities of annealed P3HT films by using charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage and space-charge limited current}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2015.1094865 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15421406.2015.1094865},
volume = {629},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Pimputkar2009,
annote = {[1 -5] from {\{}Yudco2023{\}}},
author = {Pimputkar, Siddha and Speck, James S. and DenBaars, Steven P. and Nakamura, Shuji},
doi = {10.1038/nphoton.2009.32},
issn = {1749-4885},
journal = {Nat. Photonics},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {180--182},
title = {{Prospects for LED lighting}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2009.32},
volume = {3},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Su2021,
abstract = {The performance of perovskite photovoltaics is fundamentally impeded by the presence of undesirable defects that contribute to non-radiative losses within the devices. Although mitigating these losses has been extensively reported by numerous passivation strategies, a detailed understanding of loss origins within the devices remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the defect capturing probability estimated by the capture cross-section is decreased by varying the dielectric response, producing the dielectric screening effect in the perovskite. The resulting perovskites also show reduced surface recombination and a weaker electron-phonon coupling. All of these boost the power conversion efficiency to 22.3{\%} for an inverted perovskite photovoltaic device with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.25 V and a low voltage deficit of 0.37 V (a bandgap {\~{}}1.62 eV). Our results provide not only an in-depth understanding of the carrier capture processes in perovskites, but also a promising pathway for realizing highly efficient devices via dielectric regulation.},
author = {Su, Rui and Xu, Zhaojian and Wu, Jiang and Luo, Deying and Hu, Qin and Yang, Wenqiang and Yang, Xiaoyu and Zhang, Ruopeng and Yu, Hongyu and Russell, Thomas P. and Gong, Qihuang and Zhang, Wei and Zhu, Rui},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-22783-z},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Dielectric{\_}screening{\_}Perovskite{\_}s41467-021-22783-z.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {2479},
pmid = {33931635},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Dielectric screening in perovskite photovoltaics}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22783-z http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22783-z},
volume = {12},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Welker2012,
abstract = {In frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy the direct observable is the frequency shift of an oscillating cantilever in a force field. This frequency shift is not a direct measure of the actual force, and thus, to obtain the force, deconvolution methods are necessary. Two prominent methods proposed by Sader and Jarvis (Sader–Jarvis method) and Giessibl (matrix method) are investigated with respect to the deconvolution quality. Both methods show a nontrivial dependence of the deconvolution quality on the oscillation amplitude. The matrix method exhibits spikelike features originating from a numerical artifact. By interpolation of the data, the spikelike features can be circumvented. The Sader–Jarvis method has a continuous amplitude dependence showing two minima and one maximum, which is an inherent property of the deconvolution algorithm. The optimal deconvolution depends on the ratio of the amplitude and the characteristic decay length of the force for the Sader–Jarvis method. However, the matrix method generally provides the higher deconvolution quality.},
author = {Welker, Joachim and Illek, Esther and Giessibl, Franz J.},
doi = {10.3762/bjnano.3.27},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/2190-4286-3-27.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2190-4286},
journal = {Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.},
keywords = {Force deconvolution,Frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy,Numerical implementation},
month = {mar},
number = {1},
pages = {238--248},
title = {{Analysis of force-deconvolution methods in frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/3/27},
volume = {3},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Liu2019,
abstract = {Perovskite solar cell has gained wide attention due to its excellent photoelectric performance and economical fabrication process, with high-efficiency perovskite solar cell could be achieved by optimizing film morphology. In this work, a kind of Lewis-bases, urea(U), was used as a novel additive in synergy with DMSO to regulate the crystallization processes. Adding slight amount of DMSO can obviously improve the reproducibility of device and optimize the spin-coating process. The mechanism of the action can be explained by infrared spectroscopy. Under the coordination of the lead ion that could accept electron pairs and the C[dbnd]O bond in urea, introduction of urea in perovskite precursor solution to form MAI{\textperiodcentered}PbI 2 {\textperiodcentered}DMSO{\textperiodcentered}urea complex could significantly improve the photoelectric properties of the perovskite films. It formed a smooth and large grain-size perovskite film with no visible pinhole or crack found. Finally, the device fabricated with the incorporation of 50{\%} urea presented a high performance with a PCE of 17.82{\%}.},
annote = {Harstoff als Zusatzstoff im L{\"{o}}sungsmittel DMSO

2-Schritt-Verfahren},
author = {Liu, Beibei and Wang, Shuo and Ma, Zirui and Ma, Jiawang and Ma, Ruixin and Wang, Chengyan},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.141},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Liu et al. - 2019 - High-performance perovskite solar cells with large grain-size obtained by the synergy of urea and dimethyl sulfoxide.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01694332},
journal = {Appl. Surf. Sci.},
keywords = {Large grain-size,Lewis base,Perovskite solar cells,Urea},
pages = {708--714},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{High-performance perovskite solar cells with large grain-size obtained by the synergy of urea and dimethyl sulfoxide}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.141},
volume = {467-468},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Ehrhardt2014,
abstract = {BaTiO 3 –P(VDF-HFP) composite films without surface functionalization show a tenfold increase of the relative permittivity compared to the pure polymer.},
author = {Ehrhardt, Claudia and Fettkenhauer, Christian and Glenneberg, Jens and M{\"{u}}nchgesang, Wolfram and Leipner, Hartmut S. and Wagner, Gerald and Diestelhorst, Martin and Pientschke, Christoph and Beige, Horst and Ebbinghaus, Stefan G.},
doi = {10.1039/C4RA03715D},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/c4ra03715d.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2046-2069},
journal = {RSC Adv.},
number = {76},
pages = {40321--40329},
title = {{Enhanced dielectric properties of sol–gel-BaTiO 3 /P(VDF-HFP) composite films without surface functionalization}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4RA03715D},
volume = {4},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Williams1989,
abstract = {A near-field capacitance microscope has been demonstrated on a 25 nm scale. A resonant circuit provides the means for sensing the capacitance variations between a sub-100-nm tip and surface with a sensitivity of 1×10 -19 F in a 1 kHz bandwidth. Feedback control is used to scan the tip at constant gap across a sample, providing a means of noncontact surface profiling. Images of conducting and nonconducting structures are presented.},
author = {Williams, C. C. and Hough, W. P. and Rishton, S. A.},
doi = {10.1063/1.102096},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.102096.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {2},
pages = {203--205},
title = {{Scanning capacitance microscopy on a 25 nm scale}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.102096},
volume = {55},
year = {1989}
}
@article{Liu2019a,
abstract = {The usage of TiO2 in perovskite solar cells is always faced with the risk of device decomposition due to its high photocatalysis activity. To deal with this problem, here in this work, a strategy of in situ surface passivation was proposed and performed on TiO2. After spin-coating Ca(OH)2 solution on a TiO2 mesoporous scaffold and annealing, the surface layer of the scaffold was converted into CaTiO3, as confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. The modified TiO2 scaffold was then used as an electron-transport-material in perovskite solar cells. It was observed that after moderate modification, the short-circuit current density increased from 22.32 (±0.25) to 23.19 (±0.28) mA/cm2, the open-circuit voltage rose from 1.042 (±0.009) to 1.080 (±0.011) V, and the fill factor increased from 63.89 (±1.95){\%} to 71.37 (±0.43){\%}, leading to an improvement from 14.92 (±0.36){\%} to 17.88 (±0.37){\%} of the power conversion efficiency. Transient photocurrent/photovoltage decay curves and impedance spectroscopy tests showed that moderate modification accelerated charge extraction while it retarded charge recombination. Besides, the in situ CaTiO3 layer prolonged the device stability. After being stored in the dark for 46 days (relative humidity of 30{\%}), 92.6{\%} of the initial efficiency was reserved, compared to that of 68.4{\%} for the control devices. Designated UV irradiation showed that the surface passivation retarded the photocatalysis activity of TiO2, which contributed to the prolonged device stability.},
author = {Liu, Gang and Yang, Bingchu and Chen, Hui and Zhao, Yuan and Xie, Haipeng and Yuan, Yongbo and Gao, Yongli and Zhou, Conghua},
doi = {10.1063/1.5131300},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Liu et al. - 2019 - In situ surface modification of TiO2 by CaTiO3 to improve the UV stability and power conversion efficiency of perovs.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {nov},
number = {21},
pages = {213501},
publisher = {AIP Publishing LLC},
title = {{In situ surface modification of TiO 2 by CaTiO 3 to improve the UV stability and power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5131300},
volume = {115},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Zhao2002,
author = {Zhao, Xinyuan and Vanderbilt, David},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.65.233106},
issn = {0163-1829},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {jun},
number = {23},
pages = {233106},
title = {{First-principles study of structural, vibrational, and lattice dielectric properties of hafnium oxide}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.233106},
volume = {65},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Docampo2016,
abstract = {ConspectusRecently, metal halide perovskite materials have become an exciting topic of research for scientists of a wide variety of backgrounds. Perovskites have found application in many fields, starting from photovoltaics and now also making an impact in light-emitting applications. This new class of materials has proven so interesting since it can be easily solution processed while exhibiting materials properties approaching the best inorganic optoelectronic materials such as GaAs and Si. In photovoltaics, in only 3 years, efficiencies have rapidly increased from an initial value of 3.8{\%} to over 20{\%} in recent reports for the commonly employed methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite. The first light emitting diodes and light-emitting electrochemical cells have been developed already exhibiting internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15{\%} for the former and tunable light emission spectra. Despite their processing advantages, perovskite optoelectronic materials suffer from several drawbacks that need to be overcome before the technology becomes industrially relevant and hence achieve long-term application. Chief among these are the sensitivity of the structure toward moisture and crystal phase transitions in the device operation regime, unreliable device performance dictated by the operation history of the device, that is, hysteresis, the inherent toxicity of the structure, and the high cost of the employed charge selective contacts.In this Account, we highlight recent advances toward the long-term viability of perovskite photovoltaics. We identify material decomposition routes and suggest strategies to prevent damage to the structure. In particular, we focus on the effect of moisture upon the structure and stabilization of the material to avoid phase transitions in the solar cell operating range. Furthermore, we show strategies to achieve low-cost chemistries for the development of hole transporters for perovskite solar cells, necessary to be able to compete with other established technologies. Additionally, we explore the application of perovskite materials in optoelectronic applications. We show that perovskite materials can function efficiently both as a film in light-emitting diodes and also in the form of nanoparticles in light-emitting electrochemical cells. Perovskite materials have indeed a very bright future.},
author = {Docampo, Pablo and Bein, Thomas},
doi = {10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00465},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Docampo, Bein - 2016 - A Long-Term View on Perovskite Optoelectronics.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15204898},
journal = {Acc. Chem. Res.},
number = {2},
pages = {339--346},
title = {{A Long-Term View on Perovskite Optoelectronics}},
volume = {49},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Chueh2015,
abstract = {C–X bond of alky halide additives cleavages during thermal annealing, resulting in frees halide ions to participate in perovskite formation. Alkyl halide additives have been investigated to elucidate their effects in enhancing perovskite solar cell performance. We found that the additives can participate in the perovskite formation via dissociated halides, suggesting that molecular structure of alkyl halide additives plays multiple roles in modulating the dynamics of perovskite crystal growth. },
annote = {Additive zu Herstellung von glatten und gro{\ss}en Perowskit-Grains.},
author = {Chueh, Chu Chen and Liao, Chien Yi and Zuo, Fan and Williams, Spencer T. and Liang, Po Wei and Jen, Alex K.Y.},
doi = {10.1039/c4ta05012f},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chueh et al. - 2015 - The roles of alkyl halide additives in enhancing perovskite solar cell performance.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20507496},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {17},
pages = {9058--9062},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{The roles of alkyl halide additives in enhancing perovskite solar cell performance}},
volume = {3},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Hutter2010,
abstract = {We describe a method of analysis which allows for reconstructing the nonlinear disturbance of a high Q harmonic oscillator. When the oscillator is driven with two or more frequencies, the nonlinearity causes intermodulation of the drives, resulting in a complicated spectral response. Analysis of this spectrum allows one to approximate the nonlinearity. The method, which is generally applicable to measurements based on resonant detection, increases the information content of the measurement without requiring a large detection bandwidth, and optimally uses the enhanced sensitivity near resonance to extract information and minimize error due to detector noise. {\textcopyright} 2010 The American Physical Society.},
annote = {from {\{}Garcia2012{\}}},
author = {Hutter, Carsten and Platz, Daniel and Thol{\'{e}}n, E. A. and Hansson, T. H. and Haviland, D. B.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.050801},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/multi{\_}freq{\_}PhysRevLett.104.050801.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
month = {feb},
number = {5},
pages = {050801},
title = {{Reconstructing Nonlinearities with Intermodulation Spectroscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.050801},
volume = {104},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Xu2015,
abstract = {The Shockley-Queisser limit describes the maximum solar energy conversion efficiency achievable for a particular material and is the standard by which new photovoltaic technologies are compared. This limit is based on the principle of detailed balance, which equates the photon flux into a device to the particle flux (photons or electrons) out of that device. Nanostructured solar cells represent a novel class of photovoltaic devices, and questions have been raised about whether or not they can exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit. Here we show that single-junction nanostructured solar cells have a theoretical maximum efficiency of {\^{a}} 1/442{\%} under AM 1.5 solar illumination. While this exceeds the efficiency of a non-concentrating planar device, it does not exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit for a planar device with optical concentration. We consider the effect of diffuse illumination and find that with optical concentration from the nanostructures of only×1,000, an efficiency of 35.5{\%} is achievable even with 25{\%} diffuse illumination. We conclude that nanostructured solar cells offer an important route towards higher efficiency photovoltaic devices through a built-in optical concentration.},
annote = {SQ-Limit erl{\"{a}}tert auf Solarzellen},
author = {Xu, Yunlu and Gong, Tao and Munday, Jeremy N.},
doi = {10.1038/srep13536},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Xu, Gong, Munday - 2015 - The generalized Shockley-Queisser limit for nanostructured solar cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20452322},
journal = {Sci. Rep.},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{The generalized Shockley-Queisser limit for nanostructured solar cells}},
volume = {5},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Pershaanaa2022,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Pershaanaa, M. and Bashir, Shahid and Ramesh, S. and Ramesh, K.},
doi = {10.1016/j.est.2022.104599},
issn = {2352152X},
journal = {J. Energy Storage},
month = {jun},
pages = {104599},
title = {{Every bite of Supercap: A brief review on construction and enhancement of supercapacitor}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352152X22006156},
volume = {50},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Tranvouez2006,
abstract = {In order to fabricate nanoscale oxide patterns on an InP(001) surface, local anodization by atomic force microscopy (AFM) contact and intermittent contact modes has been performed. Contact mode results are similar to those obtained with the local anodization of silicon, and mainly limited by the effect of space charge that occurs during the oxide growth. The existence of this space charge associated with the poor dielectric quality of the obtained oxide has been verified by performing scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) measurements. Results for oxidation using intermittent AFM contact mode associated with a modulated voltage are more specific. For a more than two decade variation of probe velocity (0.01-5 $\nu$m s-1), the AFM oxidation introduces no significant changes in the oxide pattern. Experiments on the influence of oxidation time give rise to two regimes. First, for times shorter than 100 ms, a high growth rate is found. Second, for oxidation times longer than 100 ms, we observe an oxide height saturation and a significant decrease of lateral growth rate. These results provide a way to easily control the oxide shape. The space charge neutralization in this mode has also been investigated by SCM. The interesting results for intermittent contact oxidation confirm the capability of this technique to modify a nanoscale InP surface. {\textcopyright} 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
annote = {IC-SCM

Oxidation von InP
nicht so interessant},
author = {Tranvouez, E. and Budau, P. and Bremond, G.},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/17/2/019},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tranvouez, Budau, Bremond - 2006 - Topographical and electrical study of contact and intermittent contact mode InP AFM lithography.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0957-4484},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {455--460},
title = {{Topographical and electrical study of contact and intermittent contact mode InP AFM lithography}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/17/2/019},
volume = {17},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Moerman2016a,
abstract = {We study the effects of modifying indium tin oxide electrodes with ultrathin titania (TiO2) layers grown via plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). We find an optimal thickness of PE-ALD-grown titania by tracking performance, which initially increases, peaks, and eventually decreases with increasing TiO2 thickness. We use scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) to measure both the local work function and its distribution as a function of TiO2 thickness. We find that the variance in contact potential difference across the surface of the film is related to either the amorphous or anatase TiO2 form. Finally, we use local SKPM recombination rate experiments, supported by bulk transient photovoltage and charge extraction measurements. We show that the optimum TiO2 thickness is the one for which the carrier lifetime is the longest and the charge carrier density is the highest, when the TiO2 is amorphous, in agreement with the device measurements.},
annote = {Ginger, David S. TR-Methoden},
author = {Moerman, David and Kim, Hyungchul and Colbert, Adam E. and Graham, Samuel and Ginger, David S.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4944049},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Moerman et al. - 2016 - The impact of ultra-thin titania interlayers on open circuit voltage and carrier lifetime in thin film solar cel.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
number = {11},
title = {{The impact of ultra-thin titania interlayers on open circuit voltage and carrier lifetime in thin film solar cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4944049},
volume = {108},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Huber2020,
abstract = {Frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy allows one to measure the force between a sharp tip and a sample and, ultimately, the force between two single atoms with outstanding precision. To extract forces from the measured frequency shifts, a deconvolution algorithm is required. Mathematically, the deconvolution problem is an inversion problem. It has been shown that deconvolution can be ill-posed, resulting in erroneous forces values. Whether the deconvolution is well-posed or ill-posed is determined by two factors: the shape of the force-distance curve and the oscillation amplitude used for the measurement. Recently, a test was proposed by Sader et al. [Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 1088 (2018)] to determine whether a given deconvolution is well-posed for a specific amplitude. Here, we experimentally validate this test by means of two experimental situations measured with a set of different amplitudes: force-distance spectra over a single carbon monoxide molecule as well as over a Fe trimer on Cu(111). We verify the validity of the test by showing that for a given experimental situation, a specific amplitude may result in a well-posed deconvolution while a different amplitude might result in an ill-posed result. Furthermore, we comment on typical pitfalls that are caused by the discrete nature of experimental data and provide MATLAB code that can be used by everyone to perform this test with their own data.},
author = {Huber, Ferdinand and Giessibl, Franz J.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0003291},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/5.0003291.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {may},
number = {18},
pages = {184301},
publisher = {AIP Publishing LLC},
title = {{Experimental use of the inflection point test for force deconvolution in frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy to turn an ill-posed situation into a well-posed one by proper choice of amplitude}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0003291},
volume = {127},
year = {2020}
}
@book{Barsoukov2005,
doi = {10.1002/0471716243},
editor = {Barsoukov, Evgenij and Macdonald, J. Ross},
isbn = {9780471647492},
month = {apr},
publisher = {Wiley},
title = {{Impedance Spectroscopy}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471716243},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Brezna2006,
abstract = {The quality of electron-beam deposited, few nanometers thick, Si O2 layers on silicon substrates was investigated by scanning capacitance microscopy and spectroscopy. Rapid thermal annealing had to be applied prior to the capacitance versus voltage [C (V)] measurements to obtain typical metal-oxide-semiconductor behavior, and it was found that the total oxide charge is negative on the deposited oxide layers. Higher annealing temperatures resulted in an overall reduction of the number of oxide charges. This opens up the possibility to use electron-beam deposited Si O2 as a dielectric material in metal-oxide- semiconductor prototyping applications. {\textcopyright} 2006 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Brezna, W. and Fischer, M. and Wanzenboeck, H. D. and Bertagnolli, E. and Smoliner, J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2189030},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}SiO2{\_}investigation{\_}122116{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {12},
pages = {122116},
title = {{Electron-beam deposited SiO2 investigated by scanning capacitance microscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article/331519},
volume = {88},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Dasgupta2022,
abstract = {Despite the incredible progress made, the highest efficiency perovskite solar cells are still restricted to small areas ({\textless}1 cm2). In large part, this stems from a poor understanding of the widespread spatial heterogeneity in devices. Conventional techniques to assess heterogeneities can be time consuming, operate only at microscopic length scales, and demand specialized equipment. We overcome these limitations by using luminescence imaging to reveal large, millimeter-scale heterogeneities in the inferred electronic properties. We determine spatially resolved maps of "charge collection quality", measured using the ratio of photoluminescence intensity at open and short circuit. We apply these methods to quantify the inhomogeneities introduced by a wide range of transport layers, thereby ranking them by suitability for upscaling. We reveal that top-contacting transport layers are the dominant source of heterogeneity in the multilayer material stack. We suggest that this methodology can be used to accelerate the development of highly efficient, large-area modules, especially through high-throughput experimentation.},
author = {Dasgupta, Akash and Mahesh, Suhas and Caprioglio, Pietro and Lin, Yen-Hung and Zaininger, Karl-Augustin and Oliver, Robert D.J. and Holzhey, Philippe and Zhou, Suer and McCarthy, Melissa M. and Smith, Joel A. and Frenzel, Maximilian and Christoforo, M. Greyson and Ball, James M. and Wenger, Bernard and Snaith, Henry J.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01094},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acsenergylett.2c01094.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {2311--2322},
title = {{Visualizing Macroscopic Inhomogeneities in Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01094},
volume = {7},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Christians2015,
author = {Christians, Jeffrey A. and Manser, Joseph S. and Kamat, Prashant V.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00289},
issn = {1948-7185},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {5},
pages = {852--857},
title = {{Best Practices in Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency Measurements. Avoiding the Error of Making Bad Cells Look Good}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00289},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Yadav2023,
abstract = {Due to their extraordinary photophysical properties, lead halide perovskites are widely used in optoelectronics and energy applications. These distinctive materials have exceptional ionic responses because of halide ions and A-site cations. However, the lead toxicity along with ion kinetics in halide perovskites leads to structural deformation and instability, preventing these materials from commercialization. In this article, we have explored the possible application of vacancy-ordered tin-based lead-free double perovskite (A2BX6) in energy storage devices. We have further tuned the X-site anion (X = I, Br, Cl) to see the effect of halide ions on the supercapacitor properties. The Cs2SnI6-based electrode has the highest specific capacitance (∼420 F/g) and energy density (∼200 W h/kg) as estimated from the three-electrode half-cell measurement system. Solid-state devices were also fabricated using gel electrolytes. We have achieved areal capacitance over 10 mF/cm2, while energy density and power density are 3.2 $\mu$W h/cm2 at 0.2 mA/cm2 and 670 $\mu$W/cm2 at 0.75 mA/cm2 current density, respectively. We also achieved a maximum voltage window over 1.8 V for the Cs2SnI6 sample. Various fundamental characterizations such as ex situ XRD, FTIR, and XPS measurements are carried out to understand the charge storage mechanism in vacancy-ordered perovskite structures.},
author = {Yadav, Ankur and Mansoorie, Farha Naaz and Saini, Ankush and Bag, Monojit},
doi = {10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06645},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/yadav-et-al-2024-vacancy-ordered-lead-free-double-perovskite-based-flexible-supercapacitor-for-sustainable-energy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2168-0485},
journal = {ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.},
keywords = {flexible device,gel electrolyte,halide perovskite,lithium ion,sustainability},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {1029--1037},
title = {{Vacancy Ordered Lead Free Double Perovskite Based Flexible Supercapacitor for Sustainable Energy Applications}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06645},
volume = {12},
year = {2024}
}
@article{DiMuzio2021,
abstract = {Liposomes are widely used as drug delivery carriers and as cell model systems. Here, we measure the dielectric properties of individual liposomes adsorbed on a metal electrode by in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode. From the measurements the lamellarity of the liposomes, the separation between the lamellae and the specific capacitance of the lipid bilayer can be obtained. As application we considered the case of non-extruded DOPC liposomes with radii in the range {\~{}} 100–800 nm. Uni-, bi- and tri-lamellar liposomes have been identified, with the largest population corresponding to bi-lamellar liposomes. The interlamellar separation in the bi-lamellar liposomes is found to be below {\~{}} 10 nm in most instances. The specific capacitance of the DOPC lipid bilayer is found to be {\~{}} 0.75 µF/cm 2 in excellent agreement with the value determined on solid supported planar lipid bilayers. The lamellarity of the DOPC liposomes shows the usual correlation with the liposome's size. No correlation is found, instead, with the shape of the adsorbed liposomes. The proposed approach offers a powerful label-free and non-invasive method to determine the lamellarity and dielectric properties of single liposomes.},
annote = {outlook for us? two pass AM like method at specific freq.},
author = {{Di Muzio}, Martina and Millan-Solsona, Ruben and Dols-Perez, Aurora and Borrell, Jordi H. and Fumagalli, Laura and Gomila, Gabriel},
doi = {10.1186/s12951-021-00912-6},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/s12951-021-00912-6.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1477-3155},
journal = {J. Nanobiotechnology},
keywords = {Lamellarity,Liposomes,Membrane capacitance,Nanoscale,Scanning dielectric microscopy},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {167},
pmid = {34082783},
publisher = {BioMed Central},
title = {{Dielectric properties and lamellarity of single liposomes measured by in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00912-6 https://jnanobiotechnology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12951-021-00912-6},
volume = {19},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Gramse2013,
abstract = {We present what is, to our knowledge, the first experimental demonstration of dielectric constant measurement and quantification of supported lipid bilayers in electrolyte solutions with nanoscale spatial resolution. The dielectric constant was quantitatively reconstructed with finite element calculations by combining thickness information and local polarization forces which were measured using an electrostatic force microscope adapted to work in a liquid environment. Measurements of submicrometric dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer patches gave dielectric constants of $\epsilon$r ∼ 3, which are higher than the values typically reported for the hydrophobic part of lipid membranes ($\epsilon$r ∼ 2) and suggest a large contribution of the polar headgroup region to the dielectric response of the lipid bilayer. This work opens apparently new possibilities in the study of biomembrane electrostatics and other bioelectric phenomena. {\textcopyright} 2013 by the Biophysical Society.},
annote = {membrane dielectric measurement --{\textgreater} read!


quantitative reconstruction of dieletric constants with EFM experiment},
author = {Gramse, G. and Dols-Perez, A. and Edwards, M.A. and Fumagalli, L. and Gomila, G.},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.011},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0006349513002014-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00063495},
journal = {Biophys. J.},
month = {mar},
number = {6},
pages = {1257--1262},
publisher = {Biophysical Society},
title = {{Nanoscale Measurement of the Dielectric Constant of Supported Lipid Bilayers in Aqueous Solutions with Electrostatic Force Microscopy}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.011 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006349513002014},
volume = {104},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Xu2018,
abstract = {In water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs), charge recombination competes with catalytic water oxidation to determine the overall efficiency of the system. The kinetics of these processes have been difficult to understand because transient absorbance (TA) experiments typically show nearly complete charge recombination on the submillisecond time scale; in contrast, electrochemical measurements such as open circuit photovoltage decay suggest a charge recombination time scale that is 2-3 orders of magnitude longer. Here we explore these processes with dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 and TiO2/Ta2O5 core-shell photoanodes in aqueous electrolytes using TA spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS), and photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS). The fast recombination rates measured by TA result from strong laser excitation that leads to high electron occupancy in TiO2, whereas IMVS modulates the concentration of charge-separated states near solar irradiance levels. The recombination processes measured by electrochemical methods such as IMVS, PEIS, and transient photovoltage are the discharging of injected electrons in TiO2, as evidenced by the close agreement between the nearly first-order recombination rates probed by IMVS and the RC time constants derived from PEIS data. However, IMVS measurements at variable probe light intensity reveal that the reaction orders for the recombination of injected electrons with oxidized sensitizer molecules are far from unity. This kinetic analysis is relevant to understanding steady-state recombination rates in full WS-DSPECs in which molecular and nanoparticle catalysts are used to oxidize water.},
author = {Xu, Pengtao and Gray, Christopher L. and Xiao, Langqiu and Mallouk, Thomas E.},
doi = {10.1021/jacs.8b04878},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Xu et al. - 2018 - Charge Recombination with Fractional Reaction Orders in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0002-7863},
journal = {J. Am. Chem. Soc.},
month = {sep},
number = {37},
pages = {11647--11654},
pmid = {30145888},
title = {{Charge Recombination with Fractional Reaction Orders in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.8b04878},
volume = {140},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Kim2016,
abstract = {Three-dimensional graphene architectures with periodic nanopores - reminiscent of zeolite frameworks - are of topical interest because of the possibility of combining the characteristics of graphene with a three-dimensional porous structure. Lately, the synthesis of such carbons has been approached by using zeolites as templates and small hydrocarbon molecules that can enter the narrow pore apertures. However, pyrolytic carbonization of the hydrocarbons (a necessary step in generating pure carbon) requires high temperatures and results in non-selective carbon deposition outside the pores. Here, we demonstrate that lanthanum ions embedded in zeolite pores can lower the temperature required for the carbonization of ethylene or acetylene. In this way, a graphene-like carbon structure can be selectively formed inside the zeolite template, without carbon being deposited at the external surfaces. X-ray diffraction data from zeolite single crystals after carbonization indicate that electron densities corresponding to carbon atoms are generated along the walls of the zeolite pores. After the zeolite template is removed, the carbon framework exhibits an electrical conductivity that is two orders of magnitude higher than that of amorphous mesoporous carbon. Lanthanum catalysis allows a carbon framework to form in zeolite pores with diameters of less than 1 nanometre; as such, microporous carbon nanostructures can be reproduced with various topologies corresponding to different zeolite pore sizes and shapes. We demonstrate carbon synthesis for large-pore zeolites (FAU, EMT and beta), a one-dimensional medium-pore zeolite (LTL), and even small-pore zeolites (MFI and LTA). The catalytic effect is a common feature of lanthanum, yttrium and calcium, which are all carbide-forming metal elements. We also show that the synthesis can be readily scaled up, which will be important for practical applications such as the production of lithium-ion batteries and zeolite-like catalyst supports.},
author = {Kim, Kyoungsoo and Lee, Taekyoung and Kwon, Yonghyun and Seo, Yongbeom and Song, Jongchan and Park, Jung Ki and Lee, Hyunsoo and Park, Jeong Young and Ihee, Hyotcherl and Cho, Sung June and Ryoo, Ryong},
doi = {10.1038/nature18284},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/nature18284.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
month = {jul},
number = {7610},
pages = {131--135},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Lanthanum-catalysed synthesis of microporous 3D graphene-like carbons in a zeolite template}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18284 http://www.nature.com/articles/nature18284},
volume = {535},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Zhang2020,
abstract = {Ionic defects at the surfaces of organolead halide perovskite films are detrimental to both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, sodium p-toluenesulfonate (STS) is applied during the surface modification of perovskite layer for the first time, leading to the efficient surface passivation of the perovskite film and consequently significant enhancements in both efficiency and stability of mixed-cation PSC devices. Upon incorporating STS atop the perovskite layer, the power conversion efficiency of the Cs0.05MA0.12FA0.83PbI2.55Br0.45 (abbreviated as CsMAFA) mesoporous-structure mixed-cation PSC devices improves from 18.70{\%} to 20.05{\%} with reduced hysteresis. The sulfonate (–SO3−) anion of STS coordinates with the Pb2+ of CsMAFA perovskite, and the Na+ cation of STS electrostatically interacts with the anions (I−/Br−) of CsMAFA perovskite, resulting in the surface passivation of the CsMAFA perovskite film with reduced electron and hole trap state densities. In addition, STS modification induces an upshift of the valence band of perovskite, facilitating hole extraction from the perovskite layer to the hole transport layer with suppressed interfacial charge recombination. Moreover, such a trap state passivation of perovskite film leads to improvement of the ambient stability of PSC devices.},
annote = {PEAI Passivation Supporting Info},
author = {Zhang, Mengmeng and Hu, Wanpei and Shang, Yanbo and Zhou, Weiran and Zhang, Wenfeng and Yang, Shangfeng},
doi = {10.1002/solr.202000113},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhang et al. - 2020 - Surface Passivation of Perovskite Film by Sodium Toluenesulfonate for Highly Efficient Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2367198X},
journal = {Sol. RRL},
keywords = {charge extractions,ionic defects,perovskite solar cells,surface modifications,trap state passivations},
number = {6},
pages = {1--25},
title = {{Surface Passivation of Perovskite Film by Sodium Toluenesulfonate for Highly Efficient Solar Cells}},
volume = {4},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tirmzi2020,
abstract = {Electric force microscopy was used to record the light-dependent impedance spectrum and the probe transient photoconductivity of a film of butylammonium lead iodide, BA2PbI4, a 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite semiconductor. The impedance spectrum of BA2PbI4 showed modest changes as the illumination intensity was varied up to 1400 mW cm-2, in contrast with the comparatively dramatic changes seen for 3D lead-halide perovskites under similar conditions. BA2PbI4's light-induced conductivity had a rise time and decay time of ∼100 $\mu$s, 104 slower than expected from direct electron-hole recombination yet 105 faster than the conductivity-recovery times recently observed in 3D lead-halide perovskites and attributed to the relaxation of photogenerated vacancies. What sample properties are probed by electric force microscope measurements remains an open question. A Lagrangian-mechanics treatment of the electric force microscope experiment was recently introduced by Dwyer, Harrell, and Marohn which enabled the calculation of steady-state electric force microscope signals in terms of a complex sample impedance. Here this impedance treatment of the tip-sample interaction is extended, through the introduction of a time-dependent transfer function, to include time-resolved electrical scanned probe measurements. It is shown that the signal in a phase-kick electric force microscope experiment, and therefore also the signal in a time-resolved electrostatic force microscope experiment, can be written explicitly in terms of the sample's time-dependent resistance (i.e., conductivity).},
annote = {phase-kick EFM ?!? from
(Breshears2022)},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {2005.08130},
author = {Tirmzi, Ali Moeed and Dwyer, Ryan P. and Jiang, Fangyuan and Marohn, John A.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c04467},
eprint = {2005.08130},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acs.jpcc.0c04467{\_}phase{\_}kick{\_}EFM.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-7447},
journal = {J. Phys. Chem. C},
month = {jun},
number = {25},
pages = {13639--13648},
title = {{Light-Dependent Impedance Spectra and Transient Photoconductivity in a Ruddlesden–Popper 2D Lead–Halide Perovskite Revealed by Electrical Scanned Probe Microscopy and Accompanying Theory}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c04467},
volume = {124},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Liang2024SI,
abstract = {Se espera que las inundaciones sean m{\'{a}}s intensas y cada vez m{\'{a}}s frecuentes en los pr{\'{o}}ximos a{\~{n}}os. En las {\'{u}}ltimas d{\'{e}}cadas, los acad{\'{e}}micos, los responsables pol{\'{i}}ticos y los gestores de riesgos han ido reconociendo que las iniciativas comunitarias pueden representar una alternativa prometedora para hacer frente al peligro de las inundaciones a escala local. En el contexto del Marco de Sendai para la Reducci{\'{o}}n del Riesgo de Desastres 2015- 2030 (SFDRR), este art{\'{i}}culo presenta una revisi{\'{o}}n bibliogr{\'{a}}fica sistem{\'{a}}tica del cuerpo de literatura global reciente sobre el tema. El art{\'{i}}culo analiza 40 art{\'{i}}culos publicados en los {\'{u}}ltimos cinco a{\~{n}}os para identificar los tipos de compromiso permitidos en los proyectos y discutir los debates emergentes en el campo desde el establecimiento del SFDRR. La revisi{\'{o}}n de la literatura interroga d{\'{o}}nde se est{\'{a}}n desarrollando estos enfoques y c{\'{o}}mo los enfoques basados en la comunidad han estado apoyando el logro de los objetivos del SFDRR. La revisi{\'{o}}n muestra que un creciente cuerpo de literatura ha estado aplicando la reducci{\'{o}}n del riesgo de desastres basada en la comunidad (CBDRR) y los m{\'{e}}todos de ciencia ciudadana para responder a la llamada de un enfoque m{\'{a}}s centrado en las personas hacia las inundaciones. Este llamamiento, esbozado por el SFDRR, es especialmente pertinente en el contexto de las comunidades vulnerables, como los residentes de los asentamientos informales, que hist{\'{o}}ricamente se han visto afectados de forma desproporcionada por las inundaciones. El art{\'{i}}culo aporta una contribuci{\'{o}}n original a este campo al documentar y reflexionar sobre los resultados de primera mano de un programa comunitario a largo plazo de evaluaci{\'{o}}n de los riesgos de inundaci{\'{o}}n llevado a cabo dentro del programa de Revitalizaci{\'{o}}n de los Asentamientos Informales y sus Entornos (RISE). El art{\'{i}}culo expone la ejecuci{\'{o}}n funcionamiento y conclusiones iniciales del proyecto, en el que participaron miembros de la comunidad en la documentaci{\'{o}}n de los niveles de inundaci{\'{o}}n en asentamientos informales en Suva (Fiyi) y Makassar (Indonesia) entre 2018 y 2020. Los resultados del estudio de caso sugieren que los enfoques que involucran a las comunidades en el monitoreo de las inundaciones pueden, adem{\'{a}}s de facilitar la documentaci{\'{o}}n de las inundaciones, desbloquear beneficios adicionales de reducci{\'{o}}n de riesgos, como la mejora del capital social y la facilitaci{\'{o}}n de la comunicaci{\'{o}}n de riesgos. Las conclusiones destacan que, de forma similar al proyecto de seguimiento de inundaciones de RISE, se han desarrollado otras iniciativas de base comunitaria en todo el mundo. Aunque estas iniciativas var{\'{i}}an significativamente en cuanto al grado de participaci{\'{o}}n de la comunidad y sus m{\'{e}}todos, la mayor parte de la bibliograf{\'{i}}a coincide en que estos m{\'{e}}todos emergentes se consideran especialmente prometedores en cuanto a la mejora del conocimiento y la concienciaci{\'{o}}n sobre las cat{\'{a}}strofes cuando los miembros de la comunidad participan en la reducci{\'{o}}n del riesgo de cat{\'{a}}strofes. Sin embargo, la revisi{\'{o}}n de este cuerpo de literatura indica que se necesita m{\'{a}}s investigaci{\'{o}}n para examinar c{\'{o}}mo el capital social, as{\'{i}} como los aspectos culturales y pol{\'{i}}ticos, pueden ser aprovechados y reforzados para desempe{\~{n}}ar papeles importantes en la respuesta a las inundaciones.},
author = {Liang, Jiaxu and Ender, Christopher P. and Rohrbeck, Pascal and Graf, Robert and Lieberwirth, Ingo and R{\"{a}}der, Hans-Joachim and Wagner, Manfred and Weber, Stefan A.L. and M{\"{u}}llen, Klaus and Weil, Tanja},
doi = {10.1016/j.diamond.2024.110913},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/CNR{\_}SI{\_}1-s2.0-S0925963524001262-mmc1.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09259635},
journal = {Diam. Relat. Mater.},
month = {mar},
number = {0},
pages = {110913},
title = {{SI: High pressure induced formation of carbon nanorods from tetracosane}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2024.110913{\%}0Ahttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925963524001262 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925963524001262},
volume = {143},
year = {2024}
}
@article{Tennyson2016,
abstract = {To date, the performance of all polycrystalline photovoltaics is limited by their open-circuit voltage (Voc), an indicator of charge carrier recombination within the semiconductor layer. Thus, the successful implementation of high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells requires the control and suppression of nonradiative recombination centers within the material. Here, we spectrally and spatially resolve the photovoltage of polycrystalline thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. Micro-Raman and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy maps obtained on the same grains showed that the chemical composition of the CIGS layer is very uniform. Surprisingly, we observed concurrent spatial variations in the photovoltage generated across the device, strongly indicating that structural properties are likely responsible for the nonuniform mesoscale behavior reported here. We build a tomography of the photovoltage response at 1 sun global illumination, mimicking the operation conditions of solar cells. Furthermore, we spatially resolve the voltage within the CIGS grains, where we found variations {\textgreater}20{\%}. Our functional characterization could be realized to identify where nonradiative recombination preferentially takes place, enabling the implementation of nonuniform materials for future devices with higher Voc.},
annote = {Leite, Marina S Photovaltage --{\textgreater} Ausblick Perovsikte},
author = {Tennyson, Elizabeth M. and Frantz, Jesse A. and Howard, John M. and Gunnarsson, William B. and Myers, Jason D. and Bekele, Robel Y. and Sanghera, Jasbinder S. and Na, Suok Min and Leite, Marina S.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00331},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tennyson et al. - 2016 - Photovoltage Tomography in Polycrystalline Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {23808195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
number = {5},
pages = {899--905},
title = {{Photovoltage Tomography in Polycrystalline Solar Cells}},
volume = {1},
year = {2016}
}
@article{MorganPattison2017,
annote = {[1 -5] from {\{}Yudco2023{\}}},
author = {{Morgan Pattison}, Paul and Hansen, Monica and Tsao, Jeffrey Y.},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.013},
issn = {1878-1535},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Phys.},
month = {dec},
number = {3},
pages = {134--145},
title = {{LED lighting efficacy: Status and directions}},
url = {https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.013/},
volume = {19},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Karim2019,
abstract = {The mixed halide CH3NH3PbI3−xClx crystalline thin film has been prepared by two-step solution-processed repeated dip coating method at an ambient atmosphere. X-ray diffraction study reveals the presence of tetragonal and cubic phases in deposited film. Raman study confirms the metal halide bond in the inorganic framework and organic CH3 stretching/bending of C–H bond in CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite. Scanning electron microscopy shows that cuboid and polyhedral-like crystal grains of 100 nm to 2 $\mu$m may find applications in optoelectronics. The perovskite CH3NH3PbI3−xClx thin film shows high spectral absorption coefficient of the order of 106 m−1. In optical band gap study, we found the coexistence of cubic and tetragonal perovskite phases. The energy band gap is dominated by cubic phase having Eg = 2.50 eV over tetragonal phase with band gap Eg = 1.67 eV. The room-temperature photoluminescence study confirms band edge, shallow and deep-level emissions. The temperature-dependent cathodoluminescence study shows red, green and ultraviolet emissions. The dominating green luminescence evolved for cubic phase at 2.51 eV. The red and ultraviolet emissions are also found for mixed-phase CH3NH3PbI3−xClx thin film, suitable for preparation of light-emitting devices.},
annote = {dip coating mix Perovsike / perowskit

CH3NH3PbI3-xClx},
author = {Karim, A. M.M.Tanveer and Hossain, M. S. and Khan, M. K.R. and Kamruzzaman, M. and Rahman, M. Azizar and Rahman, M. Mozibur},
doi = {10.1007/s10853-019-03740-0},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Karim et al. - 2019 - Solution-processed mixed halide CH3NH3PbI3−xClx thin films prepared by repeated dip coating.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15734803},
journal = {J. Mater. Sci.},
number = {18},
pages = {11818--11826},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Solution-processed mixed halide CH3NH3PbI3−xClx thin films prepared by repeated dip coating}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03740-0},
volume = {54},
year = {2019}
}
@article{DiazDeZerioMendaza2014,
abstract = {Ternary blends of C 60 , C 70 and a thiophene–quinoxaline copolymer (TQ1) can be readily processed from solution. A solar cell efficiency of 3.6{\%} is achieved with a 2 : 1 : 1 TQ1:C 60 :C 70 mixture, accompanied by a high internal quantum efficiency of 75{\%}.},
author = {{Diaz de Zerio Mendaza}, Amaia and Bergqvist, Jonas and B{\"{a}}cke, Olof and Lindqvist, Camilla and Kroon, Renee and Gao, Feng and Andersson, Mats R. and Olsson, Eva and Ingan{\"{a}}s, Olle and M{\"{u}}ller, Christian},
doi = {10.1039/C4TA02515F},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/c4ta02515f.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2050-7488},
journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A},
number = {35},
pages = {14354--14359},
title = {{Neat C 60 :C 70 buckminsterfullerene mixtures enhance polymer solar cell performance}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4TA02515F},
volume = {2},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Chaisan2019,
abstract = {The quality of a perovskite photo-absorber layer is strongly dependent on the morphology of initially deposited PbI2 precursor film. In this work, surface modification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) substrates with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was performed to control the quality of the PbI2 and MAPbI3 perovskite layers. Two small organic molecules, each with a different backbone, 3-aminopropanoic acid (APA) and 4-aminobenzoic acid (ABA), were selected and their solvation effects were also investigated. Small homogeneously distributed cracks were found in the PbI2 film produced from the modification with APA molecules in demethyl sulfoxide or ethanol solution, whereas films produced from modification with ABA molecules showed different effects. These small cavities act as pathway for MAI intercalation and facilate PbI2-to-MAPbI3 conversion, leading to PbI2-free perovskite film. The different morphologies were caused by different adsorption behaviors of each SAM on the TiO2 surface. APA molecules interact with the hydroxyl groups of TiO2 while ABA molecules do not. Therefore, with APA treatment, the perovskite solar cells showed improvements in power conversion efficiency in comparison to either the devices without surface modification or ones treated with ABA molecules. The reasons behind the enhancement are attributed to longer charge carrier lifetime and better charge transfer at the TiO2/APA/perovskite interface. The results imply that the choice selected for SAMs and their solvents are crucial to obtaining high quality perovskite layers and efficient perovskite solar cells.},
annote = {Selbstorganisierte Molek{\"{u}}le zur Strukturierung der MAPI-Schicht.

u. a. DMSO auf TiO2 zeigt gute Ergebnisse?},
author = {Chaisan, Kittiwut and Wongratanaphisan, Duangmanee and Choopun, Supab and Sagawa, Takashi and Ruankham, Pipat},
doi = {10.1007/s10854-018-0365-6},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chaisan et al. - 2019 - Enhanced crystal formation of methylammonium lead iodide via self-assembled monolayers and their solvation for p.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0123456789},
issn = {1573482X},
journal = {J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.},
number = {1},
pages = {939--949},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Enhanced crystal formation of methylammonium lead iodide via self-assembled monolayers and their solvation for perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0365-6},
volume = {30},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Hu1995,
author = {Hu, Jun and Xiao, Xu‐Dong and Salmeron, Miquel},
doi = {10.1063/1.114541},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SPFM{\_}1.114541.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {jul},
number = {4},
pages = {476--478},
title = {{Scanning polarization force microscopy: A technique for imaging liquids and weakly adsorbed layers}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.114541},
volume = {67},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Samiee2014,
abstract = {We report on measurement of dielectric constant, mid-gap defect density, Urbach energy of tail states in CH3NH3PbIxCl1-x perovskite solar cells. Midgap defect densities were estimated by measuring capacitance vs. frequency at different temperatures and show two peaks, one at 0.66 eV below the conduction band and one at 0.24 eV below the conduction band. The attempt to escape frequency is in the range of 2 × 1011/s. Quantum efficiency data indicate a bandgap of 1.58 eV. Urbach energies of valence and conduction band are estimated to be ∼16 and ∼18 meV. Measurement of saturation capacitance indicates that the relative dielectric constant is ∼18.},
author = {Samiee, Mehran and Konduri, Siva and Ganapathy, Balaji and Kottokkaran, Ranjith and Abbas, Hisham A. and Kitahara, Andrew and Joshi, Pranav and Zhang, Liang and Noack, Max and Dalal, Vikram},
doi = {10.1063/1.4897329},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1.4897329.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {oct},
number = {15},
pages = {153502},
title = {{Defect density and dielectric constant in perovskite solar cells}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4897329 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4897329},
volume = {105},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Riedel2010,
abstract = {We present a simple method to quantitatively image the dielectric permittivity of soft materials at nanoscale using electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) by means of the double pass method. The EFM experiments are based on the measurement of the frequency shifts of the oscillating tip biased at two different voltages. A numerical treatment based on the equivalent charge method allows extracting the values of the dielectric permittivity at each image point. This method can be applied with no restrictions of film thickness and tip radius. This method has been applied to image the morphology and the nanodielectric properties of a model polymer blend of polystyrene and poly(vinyl acetate). {\textcopyright} 2010 The American Physical Society.},
author = {Riedel, C. and Arinero, R. and Tordjeman, Ph and L{\'{e}}v{\^{e}}que, G. and Schwartz, G. A. and Alegria, A. and Colmenero, J.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.81.010801},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Er{\_}bestimmung{\_}PhysRevE.81.010801.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1539-3755},
journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {010801},
title = {{Nanodielectric mapping of a model polystyrene-poly(vinyl acetate) blend by electrostatic force microscopy}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.81.010801},
volume = {81},
year = {2010}
}
@phdthesis{Reichel2021,
abstract = {Tip-sample capacitance in electrostatic force microscopy is crucial for the research on dielectric properties of surfaces in nanometer scale. That is why we implement a new method of scanning capacitance microscopy. The aim of this method is to enhance existing methods by combining quantitative advantages and the reduction of stray capacitance by heterodyne frequency modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy with the capacitance resolution of nanoscale capacitance microscopy. I demonstrate the capabilities of the method by displaying the change of the capacitance gradient on insulating polymer nanoparticles. Furthermore, I use a theoretical model probe to show that stray capacitance decreases for higher derivatives of the capacitance and the contribution of the tip apex dominates. With a force distance curve map that includes the capacitance signal of the method I show that the tip-sample capacitance decreases on the insulating polymer nanoparticles and that attofarad resolution can be achieved. Hence, the presented method shows promising potential for the investigation of dielectric properties of materials at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the method allows the use of two arbitrary electric excitation frequencies. Thus the dielectric response can be investigated as a function of frequency. Therefore, the method shows promising potential for an application in dielectric spectroscopy.},
author = {Reichel, Peter},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Bachelorarbeit{\_}Peter{\_}Reichel{\_}111021.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {KPFM,SCM},
mendeley-tags = {KPFM,SCM},
school = {University of Mainz},
title = {{Tip-sample capacitance in electrostatic force microscopy}},
type = {Bachelor thesis},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Henning1995,
abstract = {A simultaneous combination of scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and scanning atomic force microscopy has been applied to the problem of profiling dopant concentrations in two dimensions in silicon microstructures. By measuring the electrochemical potential difference which minimizes the electrostatic force between probe tip and sample surface, the work-function difference between the tip and surface is estimated. To the extent that this work-function difference is a consequence of the dopant concentration at or near the sample surface, doping profiles are inferred from the measurement. Structures examined and presented here include contact holes, and the technologically significant lightly doped drain of a metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistor. Using this methodology, one can distinguish relative changes in dopant concentration with lateral resolution less than 100 nm. Sample preparation is minimal, and measurement time is fast compared to other techniques. The measurements have been compared to predictions based on two- and three-dimensional process and device simulation tools. The comparisons show that the technique is sensitive to changes in dopant concentration, from ≈1015 to 1020 cm-3, of less than 10{\%} at these size scales. Suggestions to resolve absolute dopant concentration are made. {\textcopyright} 1995 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Henning, Albert K. and Hochwitz, Todd and Slinkman, James and Never, James and Hoffmann, Steven and Kaszuba, Phil and Daghlian, Charles},
doi = {10.1063/1.358819},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/SCM{\_}KPFM{\_}1.358819.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
month = {mar},
number = {5},
pages = {1888--1896},
title = {{Two‐dimensional surface dopant profiling in silicon using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.358819},
volume = {77},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Armiento2014,
abstract = {We screen a large chemical space of perovskite alloys for systems with optimal properties to accommodate a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in their composition-temperature phase diagram, a crucial feature for high piezoelectric performance. We start from alloy end points previously identified in a high-throughput computational search. An interpolation scheme is used to estimate the relative energies between different perovskite distortions for alloy compositions with a minimum of computational effort. Suggested alloys are further screened for thermodynamic stability. The screening identifies alloy systems already known to host an MPB and suggests a few others that may be promising candidates for future experiments. Our method of investigation may be extended to other perovskite systems, e.g., (oxy-)nitrides, and provides a useful methodology for any application of high-throughput screening of isovalent alloy systems. {\textcopyright} 2014 American Physical Society.},
author = {Armiento, R. and Kozinsky, B. and Hautier, G. and Fornari, M. and Ceder, G.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.89.134103},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Armiento et al. - 2014 - High-throughput screening of perovskite alloys for piezoelectric performance and thermodynamic stability.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1098-0121},
journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
month = {apr},
number = {13},
pages = {134103},
title = {{High-throughput screening of perovskite alloys for piezoelectric performance and thermodynamic stability}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.134103},
volume = {89},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Futscher2019,
abstract = {We quantify activation energy, concentration, and diffusion coefficient of mobile ions in MAPbI 3 perovskite solar cells using transient ion-drift measurements.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1801.08519},
author = {Futscher, Moritz H. and Lee, Ju Min and McGovern, Lucie and Muscarella, Loreta A. and Wang, Tianyi and Haider, Muhammad Irfan and Fakharuddin, Azhar and Schmidt-Mende, Lukas and Ehrler, Bruno},
doi = {10.1039/C9MH00445A},
eprint = {1801.08519},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/c9mh00445a.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2051-6347},
journal = {Mater. Horizons},
number = {7},
pages = {1497--1503},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Quantification of ion migration in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells by transient capacitance measurements}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00445A},
volume = {6},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Hasan2022a,
abstract = {Mechanical energy stored in an oscillating cantilever in frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) was dissipated through nonconservative interactions between a sample and a tip on the cantilever. The energy dissipation ( D dis ) was measured using FM-AFM with a metal-coated tip for a metal-coated Si substrate partly covered with thin mica films. At tip–sample separations where electrostatic force was dominant under a bias voltage, Joule heat was generated owing to the tip oscillation, responsible for D dis . From analysis of D dis and the frequency shift of the cantilever, electric resistance responsible for the Joule heat was estimated to be of the order of G$\Omega$. The great values of the resistance were discussed in the terms of surface scattering of charges moved by the oscillating tip and the dielectric energy loss in the mica films. Measurement of the energy dissipation exhibited potential to probe the local surface electronic properties in non-contact.},
author = {Hasan, Md Mahamudul and Arai, Toyoko and Tomitori, Masahiko},
doi = {10.35848/1347-4065/ac6b02},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Hasan{\_}2022{\_}Jpn.{\_}J.{\_}Appl.{\_}Phys.{\_}61{\_}065006.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-4922},
journal = {Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
keywords = {Joule heat,atomic force microscope,contact potential difference,energy dissipation,frequency modulation,mica},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {065006},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Mechanical energy dissipation of an oscillating cantilever close to a conductive substrate partly covered with thin mica films evaluated by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.35848/1347-4065/ac6b02},
volume = {61},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Heo2017,
abstract = {We report the presence of defects in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , which is one of the main factors that deteriorates the performance of perovskite solar cells.},
annote = {from Futscher2019},
author = {Heo, Sung and Seo, Gabseok and Lee, Yonghui and Lee, Dongwook and Seol, Minsu and Lee, Jooho and Park, Jong-Bong and Kim, Kihong and Yun, Dong-Jin and Kim, Yong Su and Shin, Jai Kwang and Ahn, Tae Kyu and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja},
doi = {10.1039/C7EE00303J},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/deep{\_}level{\_}defects{\_}c7ee00303j.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1754-5692},
journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
number = {5},
pages = {1128--1133},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Deep level trapped defect analysis in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells by deep level transient spectroscopy}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7EE00303J},
volume = {10},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Yang2017a,
abstract = {We examine grain boundaries (GBs) with respect to non-GB regions in high-quality perovskite films using fluorescence-lifetime imaging. We show that recombination happens in the non-GB regions and that GBs are not transparent to photogenerated carriers.},
author = {Yang, Mengjin and Zeng, Yining and Li, Zhen and Kim, Dong Hoe and Jiang, Chun-Sheng and van de Lagemaat, Jao and Zhu, Kai},
doi = {10.1039/C6CP08770A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Pero{\_}GB{\_}lifetime{\_}c6cp08770a.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1463-9076},
journal = {Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.},
number = {7},
pages = {5043--5050},
pmid = {28168255},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Do grain boundaries dominate non-radiative recombination in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite thin films?}},
url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6CP08770A},
volume = {19},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Lei2021,
abstract = {Defects are considered to be one of the most significant factors that compromise the power conversion efficiencies and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, it is urgent to have a profound understanding of their formation and influence mechanism, so as to take corresponding measures to suppress or even completely eliminate their adverse effects on device performance. Herein, the possible origins of the defects in metal halide perovskite films and their impacts on the device performance are analyzed, and then various methods to reduce defect density are introduced in detail. Starting from the internal and interfacial aspects of the metal halide perovskite films, several ways to improve device performance and long-term stability including additive engineering, surface passivation, and other physical treatments (annealing engineering), etc., are further elaborated. Finally, the further understanding of defects and the development trend of passivation strategies are prospected.},
author = {Lei, Yutian and Xu, Youkui and Wang, Meng and Zhu, Ge and Jin, Zhiwen},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202005495},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Small - 2021 - Lei - Origin  Influence  and Countermeasures of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1613-6810},
journal = {Small},
keywords = {defect,efficiency,passivation,perovskite,stability},
month = {jul},
number = {26},
pages = {2005495},
pmid = {33759357},
title = {{Origin, Influence, and Countermeasures of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202005495},
volume = {17},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Li2023,
author = {Li, Shuan and Wang, Weipeng and Lin, Youyu and Wang, Linlin and Li, Xingguo},
doi = {10.1016/j.jre.2022.05.005},
issn = {10020721},
journal = {J. Rare Earths},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1376--1384},
title = {{Significantly improved high k dielectric performance: Rare earth oxide as a passivation layer laminated with TiO2 film}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1002072122001417},
volume = {41},
year = {2023}
}
@book{Wurfel2005,
abstract = {In this chapter solar cell physics is reviewed. The discussion starts with classification of solar cells. Solar cell operation is introduced in the context of the two essential processes in any solar cell, i.e. light absorption and charge separation. Various loss mechanisms including optical, recombination, and resistive losses in solar cells are discussed and their remedies are outlined. Parameters quantifying solar cell performance beyond cost and efficiency are introduced. The reader is assumed to have college-level solid-state physics or device physics knowledge.},
author = {W{\"{u}}rfel, Peter},
booktitle = {SpringerBriefs Appl. Sci. Technol.},
doi = {10.1002/9783527618545},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/W{\"{u}}rfel - 2005 - Physics of Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783527404285},
issn = {21915318},
month = {jan},
number = {9781447156420},
pages = {21--45},
publisher = {Wiley},
title = {{Physics of Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9783527618545},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Fumagalli2009,
abstract = {We present the experimental demonstration of low-frequency dielectric constant imaging of single-layer supported biomembranes at the nanoscale. The dielectric constant image has been quantitatively reconstructed by combining the thickness and local capacitance obtained using a scanning force microscope equipped with a sub-attofarad low-frequency capacitance detector. This work opens new possibilities for studying bioelectric phenomena and the dielectric properties of biological membranes at the nanoscale.},
annote = {[11] of (Corrales2013)

crosslink --{\textgreater} SCM method on biological films?

Non-contact mode quantitative nanoscale dielectric microscopy


special dry membrane --{\textgreater} maybe try?},
author = {Fumagalli, Laura and Ferrari, Giorgio and Sampietro, Marco and Gomila, Gabriel},
doi = {10.1021/nl803851u},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/nl803851u.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1530-6984},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {1604--1608},
title = {{Quantitative Nanoscale Dielectric Microscopy of Single-Layer Supported Biomembranes}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl803851u},
volume = {9},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Elsaid2020b,
author = {Elsaid, Khaled and Kamil, Mohammed and Sayed, Enas Taha and Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali and Wilberforce, Tabbi and Olabi, A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141528},
issn = {00489697},
journal = {Sci. Total Environ.},
month = {dec},
pages = {141528},
title = {{Environmental impact of desalination technologies: A review}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720350579},
volume = {748},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Correlation_LockIn,
author = {Correlation, The},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Correlation - Unknown - Noise Reduction and Phase Sensitive Detection.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Time},
keywords = {amplifier in a scientific,and to do phase,e,experiment are its ability,for using a lock-in,i,lock-in amplifier,noise reduction and phase,ratio of the signal,reduce noise,sensitive detection,the two essential reasons,to,to be measured,to improve the signal-to-noise},
title = {{Noise Reduction and Phase Sensitive Detection}},
url = {https://wp.optics.arizona.edu/jpalmer/wp-content/uploads/sites/65/2018/11/Gesamttext.pdf}
}
@article{Rodriguez2005,
abstract = {Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) have been employed to measure the surface potentials and the surface charge densities of the Ga- and the N-face of a GaN lateral polarity heterostructure (LPH). The surface was subjected to an HCl surface treatment to address the role of adsorbed charge on polarization screening. It has been found that while the Ga-face surface appears to be unaffected by the surface treatment, the N-face surface exhibited an increase in adsorbed screening charge density (1.6±0.5×10 10 cm -2), and a reduction of 0.3±0.1 V in the surface potential difference between the N- and Ga-face surfaces. {\textcopyright} 2005 American Institute of Physics.},
author = {Rodriguez, B. J. and Yang, W.-C. and Nemanich, R. J. and Gruverman, A.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1869535},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Downloads/1.1869535.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {11},
pages = {112115},
title = {{Scanning probe investigation of surface charge and surface potential of GaN-based heterostructures}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article/986425},
volume = {86},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Palermo2006,
abstract = {This review highlights the potential of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) beyond imaging to simultaneously study structural and electronic properties of functional surfaces and interfaces. This is of paramount importance since it is well established that a solid surface possesses different properties than the bulk material. The versatility of the technique allows one to carry out investigations in a non-invasive way for different environmental conditions and sample types with resolutions of a few nanometers and some millivolts. KPFM can be used to acquire a wide knowledge of the overall electronic and electrical behavior of a sample surface. Moreover, by KPFM it is possible to study complex electronic phenomena in supramolecular engineered systems and devices. The combination of such a methodology with external stimuli, e.g., light irradiation, opens new doors to the exploration of processes occurring in nature or in artificial complex architectures. Therefore, KPFM is an extremely powerful technique that permits the unraveling of electronic (dynamic) properties of materials, enabling the optimization of the design and performance of new devices based on organic-semiconductor nanoarchitectures. {\textcopyright} 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH {\&} Co. KGaA.},
annote = {General information about KPFM},
author = {Palermo, Vincenzo and Palma, Matteo and Samori, Paolo},
doi = {10.1002/adma.200501394},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Palermo, Palma, Samori - 2006 - Electronic characterization of organic thin films by Kelvin probe force microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09359648},
journal = {Adv. Mater.},
number = {2},
pages = {145--164},
title = {{Electronic characterization of organic thin films by Kelvin probe force microscopy}},
volume = {18},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Lee2018,
abstract = {In this work, we report the benefits of incorporating phenethylammonium cation (PEA+) into (HC(NH2)2PbI3)0.85(CH3NH3PbBr3)0.15 perovskite for the first time. After adding small amounts of PEA cation ({\textless}10{\%}), the perovskite film morphology is changed but, most importantly, grain boundaries are passivated. This is supported by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). The passivation results in the increase in photoluminescence intensity and carrier lifetimes of test structures and open-circuit voltages (VOC) of the devices as long as the addition of PEA+ is ≤4.5{\%}. The presence of higher-band-gap quasi-2D PEA incorporated perovskite is responsible for the grain boundary passivation, and the quasi-2D perovskites are also found to be concentrated near the TiO2 layer, revealed by PL spectroscopy. Results of moisture exposure tests show that PEA+ incorporation is effective in slowing down the degradation of unencapsulated devices compared to the control devices without PEA+. These findings provide insights into the operation of perovskite solar cells when large cations are incorporated.},
annote = {PEAI Passivierung in FAPI

--{\textgreater} Saba},
author = {Lee, Da Seul and Yun, Jae Sung and Kim, Jincheol and Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi and Chen, Sheng and Cho, Yongyoon and Deng, Xiaofan and Seidel, Jan and Lim, Sean and Huang, Shujuan and Ho-Baillie, Anita W.Y.},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00121},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lee et al. - 2018 - Passivation of Grain Boundaries by Phenethylammonium in Formamidinium-Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Ce.pdf:pdf},
issn = {23808195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
number = {3},
pages = {647--654},
title = {{Passivation of Grain Boundaries by Phenethylammonium in Formamidinium-Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells}},
volume = {3},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Toth2020,
abstract = {Nanoscale investigations by scanning probe microscopy have provided major contributions to the rapid development of organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHP) as optoelectronic devices. Further improvement of device level properties requires a deeper understanding of the performance-limiting mechanisms such as ion migration, phase segregation, and their effects on charge extraction both at the nano- A nd macroscale. Here, we have studied the dynamic electrical response of Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95PbI3-xBrx perovskite structures by employing conventional and microsecond time-resolved open-loop Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Our results indicate strong negative charge carrier trapping upon illumination and very slow ({\textgreater}1 s) relaxation of charges at the grain boundaries. The fast electronic recombination and transport dynamics on the microsecond scale probed by time-resolved open-loop KPFM show diffusion of charge carriers toward grain boundaries and indicate locally higher recombination rates because of intrinsic compositional heterogeneity. The nanoscale electrostatic effects revealed are summarized in a collective model for mixed-halide CsFAMA. Results on multilayer solar cell structures draw direct relations between nanoscale ionic transport, charge accumulation, recombination properties, and the final device performance. Our findings extend the current understanding of complex charge carrier dynamics in stable multication OIHP structures.},
annote = {From Duplicate 1 (Nanoscale charge accumulation and its effect on carrier dynamics in tri-cation perovskite structures - Toth, David; Hailegnaw, Bekele; Richheimer, Filipe; Wood, Sebastian; Castro, Fernando A.; Kienberger, Ferry; Scharber, Markus C.; Gramse, Georg)

KPFM Paul Fa{\ss}l (KIT)

TR-KPFM Paper

time-resoved paper

From Duplicate 2 (Nanoscale charge accumulation and its effect on carrier dynamics in tri-cation perovskite structures. (arXiv:2006.06229v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]) - Toth, David; Hailegnaw, Bekele; Richheimer, Filipe; Wood, Sebastian; Castro, Fernando A.; Kienberger, Ferry; Scharber, Markus C.; Gramse, Georg)

TR-KPFM Paper

time-resoved paper

From Duplicate 4 (Nanoscale Charge Accumulation and Its Effect on Carrier Dynamics in Tri-cation Perovskite Structures - Toth, David; Hailegnaw, Bekele; Richheimer, Filipe; Castro, Fernando A.; Kienberger, Ferry; Scharber, Markus C.; Wood, Sebastian; Gramse, Georg)

KPFM Paul Fa{\ss}l (KIT)

TR-KPFM Paper

time-resoved paper

TR-OL-KPFM
Punmp probe KPFM

Nicht ganz unsere Methode, aber interessant f{\"{u}}r sp{\"{a}}ter vielleicht. 
Beachte SI},
author = {Toth, David and Hailegnaw, Bekele and Richheimer, Filipe and Castro, Fernando A. and Kienberger, Ferry and Scharber, Markus C. and Wood, Sebastian and Gramse, Georg},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c10641},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Toth et al. - 2020 - Nanoscale charge accumulation and its effect on carrier dynamics in tri-cation perovskite structures. (arXiv2006.06.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Toth et al. - 2020 - Nanoscale charge accumulation and its effect on carrier dynamics in tri-cation perovskite structures.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Toth et al. - 2020 - Nanoscale Charge Accumulation and Its Effect on Carrier Dynamics in Tri-cation Perovskite Structures(2).pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/acsami.0c10641.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1944-8244},
journal = {ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
keywords = {Charge-dynamics,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Nanoscale,Optoelectronics,Perovskite,Photovoltaics,Scanning probe microscopy,charge-dynamics,kelvin probe force microscopy,nanoscale,optoelectronics,perovskite,photovoltaics,probe microscopy,scanning,scanning probe microscopy},
month = {oct},
number = {42},
pages = {48057--48066},
pmid = {32969644},
title = {{Nanoscale Charge Accumulation and Its Effect on Carrier Dynamics in Tri-cation Perovskite Structures}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06229?utm{\_}source=researcher{\_}app{\&}utm{\_}medium=referral{\&}utm{\_}campaign=RESR{\_}MRKT{\_}Researcher{\_}inbound https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.0c10641},
volume = {12},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pingree2007,
abstract = {Two recently developed atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques are used to characterize the impedance and charge transport/emission characteristics of individually addressed micro- and nano-scale organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To fabricate independent diodes at this length scale, a suspended silicon nitride membrane shadow mask scheme is employed with semiconductor processing and electron beam lithography. This approach enables the fabrication of individually addressable OLEDs ranging in size from microns down to hundreds of nanometers. Atomic force electroluminescence microscopy (AFEM) and bridge enhanced nanoscale impedance microscopy (BE-NIM) are used to characterize these devices. AFEM offers real-time nanometer-scale spatial resolution mapping of simultaneously acquired current, topography, and light emission data while BE-NIM enables real-time impedance spectroscopy studies of functioning OLEDs. These two AFM techniques are shown to be capable of analyzing device-to-device response variations across a broad range of length scales and to provide unique quantification of intra-array device variations. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Pingree, Liam S.C. and Russell, Matthew T. and Scott, Brian J. and Marks, Tobin J. and Hersam, Mark C.},
doi = {10.1016/j.orgel.2007.02.008},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Imp{\_}1-s2.0-S1566119907000341-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15661199},
journal = {Org. Electron.},
keywords = {Conductive atomic force microscopy,Impedance spectroscopy,Interface traps,OLEDs,Spatial variations,Sub-micron},
month = {oct},
number = {5},
pages = {465--479},
title = {{Probing individual nanoscale organic light-emitting diodes with atomic force electroluminescence microscopy and bridge-enhanced nanoscale impedance microscopy}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1566119907000341},
volume = {8},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Serghei2008,
abstract = {By employing silica nanostructures as spacers, an experimental approach is developed to enable one broadband dielectric measurements on the molecular dynamics taking place in the immediate (nanometric) vicinity of solid interfaces. This development renders to broadband dielectric spectroscopy-traditionally a bulk technique-the character of an interfacial method. {\textcopyright} 2008 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {Literature source 19 of Tress et al 2013},
author = {Serghei, A. and Kremer, F.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2839021},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Serghei, Kremer - 2008 - Broadband dielectric studies on the interfacial dynamics enabled by use of nanostructured electrodes.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00346748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
number = {2},
pages = {2007--2009},
title = {{Broadband dielectric studies on the interfacial dynamics enabled by use of nanostructured electrodes}},
volume = {79},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Kabakl2023,
abstract = {Monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells promise high efficiency and cost advantage. In such tandem devices a conductive front electrode of high transparency is necessary for lateral transportation of the charges. This study focuses on optimizing the electro-optical properties of DC sputtered ITO films as front electrode in monolithic two-terminal perovskite silicon tandem solar cells. Initially, an ITO thin film is developed by finding a possible optimum doping level that provides both high transparency and low sheet resistance. Moreover, to further decouple the transparency-conductivity trade-off of the ITO bulk properties from the requirements for low-ohmic contact formation, a thin, highly doped ITO interlayer is inserted towards the SnOX interface. The ITO thin film (stack) significantly improved efficiency of the tandem solar cells by improving all solar cell parameters. This optimization led to improved tandem short circuit density with reduced standard deviation from a mean value of 19.3 ± 0.4 mA/cm2 to 19.8 ± 0.2 mA/cm2, increased average fill factor from 68{\%} to 73{\%} and average power conversion efficiency increase from 22{\%} to 25{\%}.},
author = {Kabaklı, {\"{O}}zde Ş. and Kox, Jakob and Tutsch, Leonard and Heydarian, Minasadat and Bett, Alexander J. and Lange, Stefan and Fischer, Oliver and Hagendorf, Christian and Bivour, Martin and Hermle, Martin and Schulze, Patricia S.C. and Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph},
doi = {10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112246},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Tandem{\_}Goldschmidt{\_}10.1016{\_}j.solmat.2023.112246.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09270248},
journal = {Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells},
month = {jun},
number = {March},
pages = {112246},
title = {{Minimizing electro-optical losses of ITO layers for monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927024823000673},
volume = {254},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Adedoja2023,
abstract = {Energy storage is one of the challenges currently confronting the energy sector. However, the invention of supercapacitors has transformed the sector. This modern technology's high energy capacity, reliable supply with minimal lag time, and extended lifetime of supercapacitors have piqued the interest of scientists, and several investigations have been conducted to improve their development. However, there is room for improvement. Consequently, this review presents an up-to-date investigation of different supercapacitor technologies' components, operating techniques, potential applications, technical difficulties, benefits, and drawbacks. In addition, it thoroughly highlights the active materials used to produce supercapacitors. The significance of incorporating every component (electrode and electrolyte), their synthesis approach, and their electrochemical characteristics are outlined. The research further examines supercapacitors' potential in the next era of energy technology. Finally, concerns and new research prospects in hybrid supercapacitor-based energy applications that are envisaged to result in the development of ground-breaking devices, are highlighted.},
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Adedoja, Oluwaseye Samson and Sadiku, Emmanuel Rotimi and Hamam, Yskandar},
doi = {10.3390/polym15102272},
issn = {2073-4360},
journal = {Polymers (Basel).},
month = {may},
number = {10},
pages = {2272},
title = {{An Overview of the Emerging Technologies and Composite Materials for Supercapacitors in Energy Storage Applications}},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/10/2272},
volume = {15},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Isenbart2001,
abstract = {Measurements of two-dimensional dopant profiles by means of conventional scanning capacitance microscopy contain uncertainties concerning the quantification of the charge-carrier distribution due to parameters of the capacitance sensor, the probe and the sample itself. Thus an improved sample preparation is presented which is mainly based on a UV-ozone-oxidation process. Further, it is shown how to handle the actual tip shape by aligning a standard calibration curve to the measurement of a known dopant value of the sample. However, the main topic is the influence of the bias voltage on the measurements. It is shown that measurements at non-zero voltages improve the lateral resolution as well as the dopant resolution. To achieve the required data, scanning capacitance spectroscopy (SCS) is the proper method. It is suggested to modify the SCS method into a high-speed SCS to overcome unreliabilities of the measurements due to hysteresis effects. {\textcopyright} Springer-Verlag 2001.},
annote = {Phys. Prinzip SCM mit Problemen},
author = {Isenbart, J. and Born, A. and Wiesendanger, R.},
doi = {10.1007/s003390100793},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Isenbart, Born, Wiesendanger - 2001 - The physical principles of scanning capacitance spectroscopy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0033901007},
issn = {0947-8396},
journal = {Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process.},
month = {apr},
number = {S2},
pages = {S243--S251},
title = {{The physical principles of scanning capacitance spectroscopy}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s003390100793},
volume = {72},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Brown2019,
abstract = {Mixed-cation-based perovskite solar cells are investigated under conditions consistent with those found in orbit around Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Temperature dependent photoluminescence spectra show no evidence of a phase change demonstrating the stability of these systems. At low temperature, a barrier that impedes current flow and reduces the fill factor is apparent in the operation of the solar cell, particularly at 1 sun AM0. However, under low intensity and low temperature, where thermionic emission limits the carrier extraction, the fill factor and efficiency are recovered demonstrating the promise of these systems for deep space missions.},
author = {Brown, C. R. and Eperon, G. E. and Whiteside, V. R. and Sellers, I. R.},
doi = {10.1021/acsaem.8b01882},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Pero{\_}out{\_}of{\_}space{\_}acsaem.8b01882.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2574-0962},
journal = {ACS Appl. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {Barrier,LILT,Mixed cation,Perovskite,Phase transition,Solar cell,Space},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {814--821},
title = {{Potential of High-Stability Perovskite Solar Cells for Low-Intensity–Low-Temperature (LILT) Outer Planetary Space Missions}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.8b01882},
volume = {2},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Gudovskikh2008,
abstract = {The capabilities of the new method based on the measurement of the diffusion capacitance are explored for the interface characterization of both anisotype and isotype heterojunctions. The influence of interface properties such as interface defect density and band discontinuities on diffusion capacitance is demonstrated. The value of the diffusion capacitance is shown to decrease upon interface defect recombination, whatever the type of the heterointerface (isotype or anisotype). Illustrations are given on two different types of high efficiency heterojunction solar cells, namely a-Si:H/c-Si and AlInP/GaInP solar cells. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Gudovskikh, A.S. and Chouffot, R. and Kleider, J.P. and Kaluzhniy, N.A. and Lantratov, V.M. and Mintairov, S.A. and Damon-Lacoste, J. and Eon, D. and {Roca i Cabarrocas}, P. and Ribeyron, P.-J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tsf.2007.12.021},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0040609007020172-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00406090},
journal = {Thin Solid Films},
keywords = {Capacitance,Heterojunctions,Interface,Solar cell},
month = {aug},
number = {20},
pages = {6786--6790},
title = {{New method for interface characterization in heterojunction solar cells based on diffusion capacitance measurements}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040609007020172},
volume = {516},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Toader2013,
abstract = {We report on and emphasize the versatility of conductive atomic force microscopy in characterizing vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) aimed to be used in via interconnect technology. The study is conducted on multi-walled CNT arrays vertically grown on a copper-based metal line. Voltage-dependent current mapping and current-voltage characteristics recorded down to single CNT allow for a comprehensive insight into the electric behaviour of the hybrid structure. {\textcopyright} 2013 Toader et al.; licensee Springer.},
author = {Toader, Marius and Fiedler, Holger and Hermann, Sascha and Schulz, Stefan E. and Gessner, Thomas and Hietschold, Michael},
doi = {10.1186/1556-276X-8-24},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1556-276X-8-24.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1556-276X},
journal = {Nanoscale Res. Lett.},
keywords = {Atomic force microscopy,CNT,Conductive AFM,Interconnect system,Multi-walled carbon nanotubes},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {24},
title = {{Conductive AFM for CNT characterization}},
url = {https://nanoscalereslett.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/1556-276X-8-24},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Sullivan2022,
abstract = {Triplet–triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) can efficiently generate higher energy photons at low relative fluences. Bulk metal halide perovskites have offered promise in efficiently sensitizing molecular triplet states in the solid state, necessary for the integration of TTA-UC into device-based applications. Recent work focused on TTA-UC from a rubrene triplet annihilator sensitized by perovskite thin films has established relatively efficient charge extraction from the perovskite, forming the triplet exciton in rubrene. Yet, the specifics underpinning charge transfer at the perovskite/rubrene interface are not fully elucidated. To improve device performance and study the properties governing charge transfer at the interface, various organic solvents are explored to treat the perovskite surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy show a difference in the electronic band structure, where both n- and p-type terminated perovskite surfaces are observed depending on the solvent used. Supported by optical spectroscopy, the impact of the perovskite electronic structure is monitored, indicating that n-type perovskite sensitizers feature higher TTA-UC efficiencies due to favorable band bending resulting in efficient hole-mediated triplet formation. Overall, the tuning of the electronic structure of the perovskite sensitizer through solvent treatment is shown to be a key force in tuning the mechanism of efficient triplet generation.},
author = {Sullivan, Colette M. and Bieber, Alexander S. and Drozdick, Hayley K. and Moller, Gregory and Kuszynski, Jason E. and VanOrman, Zachary A. and Wieghold, Sarah and Strouse, Geoffrey F. and Nienhaus, Lea},
doi = {10.1002/adom.202201921},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Optical Materials - 2022 - Sullivan - Surface Doping Boosts Triplet Generation Yield in Perovskite‐Sensitized.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2195-1071},
journal = {Adv. Opt. Mater.},
keywords = {band bending,charge transfer,doping,metal halide perovskites,triplet–triplet annihilation,upconversion},
month = {oct},
pages = {2201921},
title = {{Surface Doping Boosts Triplet Generation Yield in Perovskite‐Sensitized Upconversion}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adom.202201921},
volume = {2201921},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Smith2014,
abstract = {Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites are used as absorbers in solar cells. Our first-generation devices containing (PEA)2(MA)2[Pb3I10] (1; PEA=C6H5(CH2)2NH3+, MA=CH3NH3+) show an open-circuit voltage of 1.18 V and a power conversion efficiency of 4.73 {\%}. The layered structure allows for high-quality films to be deposited through spin coating and high-temperature annealing is not required for device fabrication. The 3D perovskite (MA)[PbI3] (2) has recently been identified as a promising absorber for solar cells. However, its instability to moisture requires anhydrous processing and operating conditions. Films of 1 are more moisture resistant than films of 2 and devices containing 1 can be fabricated under ambient humidity levels. The larger bandgap of the 2D structure is also suitable as the higher bandgap absorber in a dual-absorber tandem device. Compared to 2, the layered perovskite structure may offer greater tunability at the molecular level for material optimization.},
annote = {2D Perowskit Schichten mit PEAI

Aber auch normal PEAI?},
author = {Smith, Ian C. and Hoke, Eric T. and Solis-Ibarra, Diego and McGehee, Michael D. and Karunadasa, Hemamala I.},
doi = {10.1002/ange.201406466},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Smith et al. - 2014 - A Layered Hybrid Perovskite Solar-Cell Absorber with Enhanced Moisture Stability.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1521-3773},
journal = {Angew. Chemie},
number = {42},
pages = {11414--11417},
title = {{A Layered Hybrid Perovskite Solar-Cell Absorber with Enhanced Moisture Stability}},
volume = {126},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Fumagalli2007,
abstract = {We demonstrate a method for quantitatively probing the local low-frequency dielectric constant of thin insulating films by nanoscale capacitance microscopy. The calibrated capacitance-distance curves are measured on the dielectric film and analyzed by using a tip-sample capacitance model here proposed. Applied to Si O2 films as small as 1×1 $\mu$ m2 area and 20-30 nm thickness, the method gives a dielectric constant on the submicron scale in agreement with the value determined on the large scale. The observed precision is set by the capacitance noise level of the instrument and the tip radius. {\textcopyright} 2007 American Institute of Physics.},
annote = {mea},
author = {Fumagalli, Laura and Ferrari, Giorgio and Sampietro, Marco and Gomila, Gabriel},
doi = {10.1063/1.2821119},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Dielectric measurement{\_}SCM{\_}Fum{\_}1.2821119.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
month = {dec},
number = {24},
pages = {243110},
title = {{Dielectric-constant measurement of thin insulating films at low frequency by nanoscale capacitance microscopy}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2821119},
volume = {91},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Castro-Mendez2019,
abstract = {Grain boundaries (GBs) play an important role in most polycrystalline solar cells. In perovskite solar cells, the research community is just starting to understand their effects on performance and long-term durability. In this essay, three important questions are explored: Do GBs affect: 1) recombination and thus open-circuit voltage? Not dramatically, if at all; 2) current–voltage hysteresis? Most studies show that hysteresis is dominated by defects at GBs; and 3) long-term durability? Yes, GBs definitely help increase the rate of perovskite degradation. In this essay, the latest reports are summarized and the authors' perspective on this very important subject is given.},
author = {Castro‐M{\'{e}}ndez, Andr{\'{e}}s‐Felipe and Hidalgo, Juanita and Correa‐Baena, Juan‐Pablo},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201901489},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/GB{\_}Pero{\_}Role{\_}Advanced Energy Materials - 2019 - Castro‐M ndez - The Role of Grain Boundaries in Perovskite Solar Cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {2D defects,grain boundaries,perovskite solar cells,recombination,stability},
month = {oct},
number = {38},
pages = {1901489},
title = {{The Role of Grain Boundaries in Perovskite Solar Cells}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201901489},
volume = {9},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Binnig1986,
annote = {Erfindung AFM !! Binning},
author = {Binnig, G. and Quate, C. F. and Gerber, Ch.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Binnig, Quate, Gerber - 1986 - Atomic Force Microscope.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
month = {mar},
number = {9},
pages = {930--933},
title = {{Atomic Force Microscope}},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930},
volume = {56},
year = {1986}
}
@article{Wang2020,
abstract = {The tremendous passion for inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is originated from their great tendency in the roll-to-roll process-compatible fabrication and huge potential for integration into tandem solar cells. But the device efficiency is still lower than regular structured PSCs. Engineering of the cathode interface to efficiently control and reduce VOC loss lights a lamp for increasing electrochemical properties and boosting overall performance. Herein, a simple interfacial modification strategy is developed by introducing a hybrid ligand interfacial layer to reduce VOC loss in PSCs with inverted planar structure. Heavily washed QDs are used as neutral charged intermedia to enable alloying reaction to transfer ligands without damage to perovskite (PVK). A band bending is immediately generated on the top surface of PVK film after QDs modification, which is directly confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). This contributes to ≈50 mV reduced VOC loss, leading to a VOC of 1.15 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.6{\%} in inverted PSCs. Meanwhile, enhanced stability is achieved for these devices after QDs modification, in which PCE is maintained at {\textgreater}90{\%} of initial value after 1000 h storage.},
annote = {KPFM Paul Fa{\ss}l (KIT)},
author = {Wang, He and Song, Yilong and Dang, Song and Jiang, Nairong and Feng, Jing and Tian, Wenjing and Dong, Qingfeng},
doi = {10.1002/solr.201900468},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wang et al. - 2020 - Reducing Photovoltage Loss in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Quantum Dots Alloying Modification at Cathode Cont.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2367198X},
journal = {Sol. RRL},
keywords = {electron transport layers,inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar ce,passivation,perovskite quantum dots,photovoltages},
number = {3},
pages = {1--9},
title = {{Reducing Photovoltage Loss in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Quantum Dots Alloying Modification at Cathode Contact}},
volume = {4},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Liang2024,
abstract = {Morphology control of carbon structures is essential for improving their performance in many applications. Direct pyrolysis of organic precursors, however, usually yields bulk amorphous carbon. Therefore, traditional methods for controlling the morphology of carbon structures involve multistep processes and complex precursor molecules. While various methods have been developed under ambient pressure, the impact of pressure on the morphology of the resulting carbon structures remains unexplored. Herein, we present the synthesis of carbon nanorods by direct pyrolysis of the low-cost aliphatic hydrocarbon tetracosane under high pressure conditions. The diameters of the carbon nanorods are adjusted by simply varying the synthetic pressures. High pressure allows controlling both the nanorod morphology as well as the degree of order, and local conductivity of the thus prepared nanorods has been confirmed by conductive atomic force microscopy measurements. Our method promises a convenient strategy to synthesize carbon structures with controlled morphology and high ordered chemical structure, which opens opportunities for potential electronic and electrochemical applications.},
author = {Liang, Jiaxu and Ender, Christopher P. and Rohrbeck, Pascal and Graf, Robert and Lieberwirth, Ingo and R{\"{a}}der, Hans-Joachim and Wagner, Manfred and Weber, Stefan A.L. and M{\"{u}}llen, Klaus and Weil, Tanja},
doi = {10.1016/j.diamond.2024.110913},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/CNR{\_}main{\_}1-s2.0-S0925963524001262-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09259635},
journal = {Diam. Relat. Mater.},
month = {mar},
pages = {110913},
publisher = {Diamond {\&} Related Materials},
title = {{High pressure induced formation of carbon nanorods from tetracosane}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2024.110913 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925963524001262},
volume = {143},
year = {2024}
}
@article{Yalcinkaya2022,
abstract = {This study introduces a new chemical method for controlling the strain in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite crystals by varying the ratio of Pb(Ac)2 and PbCl2 in the precursor solution. To observe the effect on crystal strain, a combination of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used. The PFM images show an increase in the average size of ferroelastic twin domains upon increasing the PbCl2 content, indicating an increase in crystal strain. The XRD spectra support this observation with strong crystal twinning features that appear in the spectra. This behavior is caused by a strain gradient during the crystallization due to different evaporation rates of methylammonium acetate and methylammonium chloride as revealed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and grazing incidince X-ray diffraction measurements. Additional time-resolved photoluminescence shows an increased carrier lifetime in the MAPbI3 films prepared with higher PbCl2 content, suggesting a decreased trap density in films with larger twin domain structures. The results demonstrate the potential of chemical strain engineering as a simple method for controlling strain-related effects in lead halide perovskites.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {2205.00381},
author = {Yalcinkaya, Yenal and Hermes, Ilka M. and Seewald, Tobias and Amann‐Winkel, Katrin and Veith, Lothar and Schmidt‐Mende, Lukas and Weber, Stefan A.L.},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.202202442},
eprint = {2205.00381},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Advanced Energy Materials - 2022 - Yalcinkaya - Chemical Strain Engineering of MAPbI3 Perovskite Films.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1614-6832},
journal = {Adv. Energy Mater.},
keywords = {ferroelasticity,halide perovskites,strain engineering,twinning},
month = {oct},
number = {37},
pages = {2202442},
title = {{Chemical Strain Engineering of MAPbI 3 Perovskite Films}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.202202442},
volume = {12},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Kilpatrick2018,
abstract = {Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a widely used technique to map surface potentials at the nanometer scale. In traditional KPFM, a feedback loop regulates the DC bias applied between a sharp conductive probe and a sample to nullify the electrostatic force (closed-loop operation). In comparison, open-loop techniques such as dual harmonic KPFM (DH-KPFM) are simpler to implement, are less sensitive to artefacts, offer the unique ability to probe voltage sensitive materials, and operate in liquid environments. Here, we directly compare the two techniques in terms of their bandwidth and sensitivity to instrumentation artefacts. Furthermore, we introduce a new correction for traditional KPFM termed “setpoint correction,” which allows us to obtain agreement between open and closed-loop techniques within 1{\%}. Quantitative validation of DH-KPFM may lead to a wider adoption of open-loop KPFM techniques by the scanning probe community.},
author = {Kilpatrick, Jason I. and Collins, Liam and Weber, Stefan A. L. and Rodriguez, Brian J.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5025432},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kilpatrick et al. - 2018 - Quantitative comparison of closed-loop and dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum.},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pmid = {30599628},
title = {{Quantitative comparison of closed-loop and dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5025432 https://pubs.aip.org/rsi/article/89/12/123708/991608/Quantitative-comparison-of-closed-loop-and-dual},
volume = {89},
year = {2018}
}
@incollection{Shah2023,
annote = {[5- 16 ] from {\{}Kolavada2024{\}}},
author = {Shah, Syed Shaheen and Karim, Mohammad Rezaul and Wahab, Abdul and Ehsan, Muhammad Ali and Aziz, Abdul},
booktitle = {Biomass‐Based Supercapacitors},
doi = {10.1002/9781119866435.ch4},
month = {jun},
pages = {61--79},
publisher = {Wiley},
title = {{Introduction to Supercapacitors}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119866435.ch4},
year = {2023}
}
@article{Yilmaz2009,
abstract = {The electrical conductivities of single nanosheets of titanium oxide (TiO2), manganese oxide (MnO2), double-layered titanium perovskite oxide (GdEuTiO), niobium oxide (NbO), and graphite oxide (GO) adsorbed on HOPG were studied by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) with a Pt-Ir tip. The conduction mechanism for different types of nanosheets could be clarified by using electrodes (HOPG and Pt-Ir tip) having different work functions. While the TiO2, GdEuTiO, and NbO nanosheets showed asymmetric (rectifying) current/voltage (I/V)-profiles, those for the MnO2 and GO nanosheets were symmetric (nonrectifying). The differences in the I/V-profile indicated that the dominant electron transfer mechanism in case of TiO2, GdEuTiO, and NbO nanosheets was tunneling under reverse bias like an n-type semiconductor and that for MnO2 and GO nanosheets, having a defected structure, was hopping. Among all these nanosheets, MnO2 exhibited the highest conductivity. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Yilmaz, Neval and Ida, Shintaro and Matsumoto, Yasumichi},
doi = {10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.02.043},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/1-s2.0-S0254058409001308-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {02540584},
journal = {Mater. Chem. Phys.},
keywords = {Atomic force microscopy (AFM),Electrical conductivity,Nanostructures,Oxides},
month = {jul},
number = {1},
pages = {62--66},
title = {{Electrical conductivities of nanosheets studied by conductive atomic force microscopy}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254058409001308},
volume = {116},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Nasti2022,
abstract = {Controlling the crystallization of perovskite in a thin film is essential in making solar cells. Processing tin-based perovskite films from solution is challenging because of the uncontrollable faster crystallization of tin than the most used lead perovskite. The best performing devices are prepared by depositing perovskite from dimethyl sulfoxide because it slows down the assembly of the tin-iodine network that forms perovskite. However, while dimethyl sulfoxide seems the best solution to control the crystallization, it oxidizes tin during processing. This work demonstrates that 4-(tert-butyl) pyridine can replace dimethyl sulfoxide to control the crystallization without oxidizing tin. We show that tin perovskite films deposited from pyridine have a 1 order of magnitude lower defect density, which promotes charge mobility and photovoltaic performance.},
author = {Nasti, Giuseppe and Aldamasy, Mahmoud Hussein and Flatken, Marion Alwine and Musto, Pellegrino and Matczak, Piotr and Dallmann, Andr{\'{e}} and Hoell, Armin and Musiienko, Artem and Hempel, Hannes and Aktas, Ece and {Di Girolamo}, Diego and Pascual, Jorge and Li, Guixiang and Li, Meng and Mercaldo, Lucia Vittoria and Veneri, Paola Delli and Abate, Antonio},
doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01749},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Berlin{\_}acsenergylett.2c01749.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2380-8195},
journal = {ACS Energy Lett.},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {3197--3203},
title = {{Pyridine Controlled Tin Perovskite Crystallization}},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01749},
volume = {7},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Zhu2022,
abstract = {Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHPs) solar cells are the most promising alternatives to traditional silicon solar cells, with a certified power conversion efficiency beyond 25{\%}. However, the poor stability of OHIPs is one of the thorniest obstacles that hinder its commercial development. Among all the factors affecting stability, ion migration is prominent because it is unavoidable and intrinsic in OHIPs. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism for ion migration and regulation strategies. Herein, the types of ions that may migrate in OHIPs are first discussed; afterward, the migrating channels are demonstrated. The effects of ion migration are further elaborated. While ion migration can facilitate the p–i–n structure in some cases, the current hysteresis and other adverse effects such as phase segregation in OHIPs attract widespread attention. Based on these, several recent strategies to suppress the ion migration are enumerated, including the introduction of alkali cations, organic additives, grain boundaries passivation, and employment of low-dimensional perovskites. Finally, the prospect for further modulating the ion migration and more stable perovskite solar cells is proposed.},
author = {Zhu, Weike and Wang, Shurong and Zhang, Xin and Wang, Aili and Wu, Cheng and Hao, Feng},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202105783},
issn = {1613-6810},
journal = {Small},
month = {jan},
pages = {2105783},
title = {{Ion Migration in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Understanding and Perspectives}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202105783},
year = {2022}
}
@article{Dobryden2021,
abstract = {We introduce the application of advanced multifrequency ImAFM methods to probe the local electric properties of all-oxide core–shell ZnO–Co 3 O 4 nanorod heterojunctions. These findings are important for the development of one-dimensional devices.},
annote = {Intermodulation AFM 
Multifreq AFM Anwendung},
author = {Dobryden, Illia and Borgani, Riccardo and Rigoni, Federica and Ghamgosar, Pedram and Concina, Isabella and Almqvist, Nils and Vomiero, Alberto},
doi = {10.1039/D1NA00319D},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/Intermodulation{\_}AFM{\_}Multifreq{\_}AFM{\_}d1na00319d.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2516-0230},
journal = {Nanoscale Adv.},
number = {15},
pages = {4388--4394},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {{Nanoscale characterization of an all-oxide core–shell nanorod heterojunction using intermodulation atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods}},
url = {https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1NA00319D},
volume = {3},
month = {may},
year = {2021}
}
@inproceedings{Miccio2014b,
abstract = {Since its birth a few years ago, dielectric spectroscopy studies based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) have gained a growing interest. Not only the frequency and temperature ranges have become broader since then but also the kind of processes that can be studied by means of this approach. In this work we analyze the most adequate experimental setup for the study of several dielectric processes with a spatial resolution of a few nanometers by using force mode AFM based dielectric spectroscopy. Proof of concept experiments were performed on PS/PVAc blends and PMMA homopolymer films, for temperatures ranging from 300 to 400 K. Charge transport processes were also studied by this approach. The obtained results were analyzed in terms of cantilever stray contribution, film thickness and relaxation strength. We found that the method sensitivity is strongly coupled with the film thickness and the relaxation strength, and that it is possible to control it by using an adequate experimental setup. {\textcopyright} 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.},
author = {Miccio, Luis A. and Schwartz, Gustavo A.},
booktitle = {AIP Conf. Proc.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4876800},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dielectric spectroscopy{\_}150{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735412330},
issn = {15517616},
keywords = {AFM,Dielectric spectroscopy,Polymer blends},
mendeley-groups = {PhD/Capacitance/dielctric constant/Dielectric Spectroscopy{\_}state of the art},
number = {May 2014},
pages = {150--153},
title = {{Study of relaxation and transport processes by means of AFM based dielectric spectroscopy}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article/1599/1/150-153/881818},
volume = {1599},
year = {2014},
publisher = {AIP Publishing LLC},
}
@article{Labardi2010,
abstract = {Local dielectric spectroscopy is performed to study how relaxation dynamics of a polyvinyl-acetate ultrathin film is influenced by inorganic nanoinclusions of a layered silicate (montmorillonite). Dielectric-loss spectra are measured by electrostatic-force microscopy in the frequency-modulation mode in ambient air. Spectral changes in both shape and relaxation time are evidenced across the boundary between pure polymer and montmorillonite sheets. Dielectric-loss imaging is also performed, evidencing spatial variations of dielectric properties near nanostructures with nanometer-scale resolution.},
author = {Labardi, Massimiliano and Prevosto, Daniele and Nguyen, Kim Hung and Capaccioli, Simone and Lucchesi, Mauro and Rolla, Pierangelo},
doi = {10.1116/1.3368597},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dielectric spectroscopy{\_}c4d11{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2166-2746},
journal = {J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, Nanotechnol. Microelectron. Mater. Process. Meas. Phenom.},
mendeley-groups = {PhD/Capacitance/dielctric constant/Dielectric Spectroscopy{\_}state of the art},
month = {may},
number = {3},
pages = {C4D11--C4D17},
title = {{Local dielectric spectroscopy of nanocomposite materials interfaces}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/jvb/article/28/3/C4D11/815780/Local-dielectric-spectroscopy-of-nanocomposite},
volume = {28},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Miccio2014a,
abstract = {The use of an atomic force microscope for studying molecular dynamics through dielectric spectroscopy with spatial resolution in the nanometer scale is a recently developed approach. However, difficulties in the quantitative connection of the obtained data and the material dielectric properties, namely, frequency dependent dielectric permittivity, have limited its application. In this work, we develop a simple electrical model based on physically meaningful parameters to connect the atomic force microscopy (AFM) based dielectric spectroscopy experimental results with the material dielectric properties. We have tested the accuracy of the model and analyzed the relevance of the forces arising from the electrical interaction with the AFM probe cantilever. In this way, by using this model, it is now possible to obtain quantitative information of the local dielectric material properties in a broad frequency range. Furthermore, it is also possible to determine the experimental setup providing the best sensitivity in the detected signal.},
author = {Miccio, Luis A. and Kummali, Mohammed M. and Schwartz, Gustavo A. and Alegr{\'{i}}a, {\'{A}}ngel and Colmenero, Juan},
doi = {10.1063/1.4875836},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dielectric spectroscopy{\_}184305{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-8979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
mendeley-groups = {PhD/Capacitance/dielctric constant/Dielectric Spectroscopy{\_}state of the art},
month = {may},
number = {18},
title = {{Dielectric spectroscopy at the nanoscale by atomic force microscopy: A simple model linking materials properties and experimental response}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4875836 https://pubs.aip.org/jap/article/115/18/184305/138838/Dielectric-spectroscopy-at-the-nanoscale-by-atomic},
volume = {115},
year = {2014},
pages={184305}
}
@article{Miccio2014,
abstract = {In the last years, a new AFM based dielectric spectroscopy approach has been developed for measuring the dielectric relaxation of materials at the nanoscale, the so called nanoDielectric Spectroscopy (nDS). In spite of the effort done so far, some experimental aspects of this technique remain still unclear. In particular, one of these aspects is the possibility of extending the experimental frequency range, to date limited at high frequencies by the resonance frequency of the AFM cantilever as a main factor. In order to overcome this limitation, the electrical excitation of cantilever higher eigenmodes for measuring the dielectric relaxation is here explored. Thus, in this work we present a detailed experimental analysis of the electrical excitation of the cantilever second eigenmode. Based on this analysis we show that the experimental frequency range of the AFM based dielectric spectroscopy can be extended by nearly two decades with a good signal-to-noise ratio. By using the combination of first and second cantilever eigenmodes we study dissipation processes on well known PVAc based polymeric samples. Both, relaxation spectra and images with molecular dynamics contrast were thus obtained over this broader frequency range. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
author = {Miccio, Luis A. and Kummali, Mohammed M. and Schwartz, Gustavo A. and Alegr{\'{i}}a, {\'{A}}ngel and Colmenero, Juan},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.06.006},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dielectric spectroscopy{\_}1-s2.0-S0304399114001223-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043991},
journal = {Ultramicroscopy},
keywords = {AFM,Dielectric spectroscopy,Polymer blends,Structure and dynamics},
mendeley-groups = {PhD/Capacitance/dielctric constant/Dielectric Spectroscopy{\_}state of the art},
month = {nov},
pages = {55--61},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{AFM based dielectric spectroscopy: Extended frequency range through excitation of cantilever higher eigenmodes}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.06.006 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304399114001223},
volume = {146},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Schwartz2011,
abstract = {In this work we present a new AFM based approach to measure the local dielectric response of polymer films at the nanoscale by means of Amplitude Modulation Electrostatic Force Microscopy (AM-EFM). The proposed experimental method is based on the measurement of the tip-sample force via the detection of the second harmonic component of the photosensor signal by means of a lock-in amplifier. This approach allows reaching unprecedented broad frequency range (2-3×104Hz) without restrictions on the sample environment. The method was tested on different poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) films at several temperatures. Simple analytical models for describing the electric tip-sample interaction semi-quantitatively account for the dependence of the measured local dielectric response on samples with different thicknesses and at several tip-sample distances. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier B.V.},
author = {Schwartz, G.A. and Riedel, C. and Arinero, R. and Tordjeman, Ph and Alegr{\'{i}}a, A. and Colmenero, J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.05.001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dielectric spectroscopy{\_}1-s2.0-S0304399111001604-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03043991},
journal = {Ultramicroscopy},
keywords = {Amplitude modulation AFM,Dielectric spectroscopy,Heterogeneous materials,Polymers,Thin films},
mendeley-groups = {PhD/Capacitance/dielctric constant/Dielectric Spectroscopy{\_}state of the art},
month = {jul},
number = {8},
pages = {1366--1369},
title = {{Broadband nanodielectric spectroscopy by means of amplitude modulation electrostatic force microscopy (AM-EFM)}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304399111001604},
volume = {111},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Crider2007,
abstract = {A noncontact scanning probe microscopy method of probing local frequency-dependent dielectric spectroscopy is described. Dielectric spectra can be measured with this technique from 0.01to100Hz, in nanometer-scale near-surface regions of materials. The technique is applied to polymer films (polyvinyl acetate), in order to determine if polymer glassy dynamics are altered near a free surface. A small reduction in glass transition temperature and a moderate narrowing of the distribution of relaxation times are found within 20nm of a free surface.},
author = {Crider, P. S. and Majewski, M. R. and Zhang, Jingyun and Oukris, H. and Israeloff, N. E.},
doi = {10.1063/1.2753539},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/dielectric spectroscopy{\_}013102{\_}1{\_}online.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0003-6951},
journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett.},
mendeley-groups = {PhD/Capacitance/dielctric constant/Dielectric Spectroscopy{\_}state of the art},
month = {jul},
number = {1},
pages = {2--5},
title = {{Local dielectric spectroscopy of polymer films}},
url = {https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/91/1/013102/845327/Local-dielectric-spectroscopy-of-polymer-films},
volume = {91},
year = {2007}
}




%%%%%%%% added afterwards %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
@inproceedings{palmer1982capacitive,
  booktitle={CAPACITIVE-PICKUP CIRCUITY FOR VIDEODISCS},
  author={Palmer, RC and RC, PALMER and EJ, DENLINGER and others},
  year={1982},
  publisher = {}
}
%together with palmer:
@article{mccoy1978rca,
  title={The RCA" SelectaVision" VideoDisc System},
  author={McCoy, DS},
  journal={RCA Corporation},
  volume={39},
  pages={7},
  year={1978}
}
@article{yamada2017present,
  title={Present status and future prospects of electric force microscopy},
  author={Yamada, Hirofumi},
  journal={Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE},
  volume={8},
  number={2},
  pages={80--84},
  year={2017},
  publisher={The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers}
}
@article{kitamura1998high,
  title={High-resolution imaging of contact potential difference with ultrahigh vacuum noncontact atomic force microscope},
  author={Kitamura, Shin’ichi and Iwatsuki, Masashi},
  journal={Applied Physics Letters},
  volume={72},
  number={24},
  pages={3154--3156},
  year={1998},
  publisher={American Institute of Physics}
}
@inproceedings{rumble2022crc_permittivity_solids,
  title={"Permittivity of Inorganic Solids"},
  booktitle = {CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 102nd Edition (Internet Version 2021)},
  author={Rumble, John R},
  year={2022},
  publisher={CRC Press/Taylor \& Francis, Boca Raton, Fl}
}%misc
@inproceedings{rumble2022crc_permittivity_polymers,
  title={"Dielectric Constant as a Function of Temperature and Frequency"},
  booktitle = {CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 102nd Edition (Internet Version 2021)},
  author={Rumble, John R},
  year={2022},
  publisher={CRC Press/Taylor \& Francis, Boca Raton, Fl}
}%misc
%test
@misc{Rumble2022_CRC_polymers_er,
author = {Rumble, John R.},
file = {:C\:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/Keeper/Seafile/PhD/Paper/CRC_Polymers_permitivity_13_04_0001.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1},
publisher = {CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.},
title = {{"DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF SELECTED POLYMERS" in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 102nd Edition (Internet Version 2021)}},
year = {2022}
}
@article{owidco2andothergreenhousegasemissions,
    author = {Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser and Pablo Rosado},
    title = {CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions},
    journal = {Our World in Data},
    year = {2022},
    note = {https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions, Accessed on 04.01.2023}
}
@misc{Ritchie2023,
author = {Ritchie, Hannah and Roser, Max},
doi = {https://ourworldindata.org/atmospheric-concentrations},
title = {{Atmospheric concentrations (https://ourworldindata.org/atmospheric-concentrations; Accessed on 04.01.2023)}},
url = {https://ourworldindata.org/atmospheric-concentrations},
year = {2023}
}

@article{owidenergy,
    author = {Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser and Pablo Rosado},
    title = {Energy},
    journal = {Our World in Data},
    year = {2022},
    note = {https://ourworldindata.org/energy, Accessed on 04.01.2023}
}

@misc{NationalRenewableEnergyLabNREL2023,
author = {{National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL)}},
doi = {https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Pascal Rohrbeck/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) - 2021 - Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart, Washington, DC, httpswww.nrel.govpvcell-efficiency.ht.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart, Washington, DC, https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html ; Accessed on 05.01.2023}},
year = {2023}
}
@article{BLOOD1992,
author={BLOOD, P; ORTON, J. W},
title={The electrical characterization of semiconductors : majority carriers and electron states},
journal={Techniques of physics},
year={1992},
affiliation={Philips Research Laboratories, Redhill Surrey RH1 5HA, United Kingdom},
descriptors={Caractéristique capacité tension; Concentration porteur charge; Conductivité électrique; Effet Hall; Gaz électron; Magnétoconductivité; Mobilité porteur charge; Modèle 2 dimensions; Niveau défaut; Niveau profond; Piégeage porteur charge; Porteur majoritaire; Porteur minoritaire; Résistance étalement; Semiconducteur; Spectrométrie transitoire niveau profond},
  subject={Phénomènes de conductivité dans les semiconducteurs et les isolants[001B70B20]},
  issn={0308-5392},
  language={English},
  document_type={Serial Issue},
  inist_number={5508533} 
  }

@article{LIANG2024110913,
title = {High pressure induced formation of carbon nanorods from tetracosane},
journal = {Diamond and Related Materials},
volume = {143},
pages = {110913},
year = {2024},
issn = {0925-9635},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2024.110913},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925963524001262},
author = {Jiaxu Liang and Christopher P. Ender and Pascal Rohrbeck and Robert Graf and Ingo Lieberwirth and Hans-Joachim Räder and Manfred Wagner and Stefan A.L. Weber and Klaus Müllen and Tanja Weil},
keywords = {Carbon nanorods, High-pressure high-temperature synthesis, Morphology control, Organic pyrolysis, Large volume press},
abstract = {Morphology control of carbon structures is essential for improving their performance in many applications. Direct pyrolysis of organic precursors, however, usually yields bulk amorphous carbon. Therefore, traditional methods for controlling the morphology of carbon structures involve multistep processes and complex precursor molecules. While various methods have been developed under ambient pressure, the impact of pressure on the morphology of the resulting carbon structures remains unexplored. Herein, we present the synthesis of carbon nanorods by direct pyrolysis of the low-cost aliphatic hydrocarbon tetracosane under high pressure conditions. The diameters of the carbon nanorods are adjusted by simply varying the synthetic pressures. High pressure allows controlling both the nanorod morphology as well as the degree of order, and local conductivity of the thus prepared nanorods has been confirmed by conductive atomic force microscopy measurements. Our method promises a convenient strategy to synthesize carbon structures with controlled morphology and high ordered chemical structure, which opens opportunities for potential electronic and electrochemical applications.}
}

