Sustainable fabrication of 2D-based devices through reuse of substrates with microfabricated electrodes

Ying Zhang; Yigit Sozen; Esteban Zamora-Amo; Thomas Pucher; Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo; Zdenek Sofer; Yong Xie; Andres Castellanos-Gomez

doi:10.3762/bxiv.2026.4.v1

Sustainable fabrication of 2D-based devices through reuse of substrates with microfabricated electrodes

Ying Zhang ,
Yigit Sozen ,
Esteban Zamora-Amo ,
Thomas Pucher ,
Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo ,
Zdenek Sofer ,
Yong Xie and
Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Submitting author affiliation:

2D Foundry Research Group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Escuela de Doctorado, Madrid, 28049, Spain, Madrid, Spain

Beilstein Arch. 2026, 20264. https://doi.org/10.3762/bxiv.2026.4.v1

Published 28 Jan 2026

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SUBJECT AREAS

Show All Preprints Nanotechnology Organic chemistry Bioorganic chemistry / chemical biology Catalysis Chemical methods and reactions Flow and process chemistry Green and sustainable chemistry Materials chemistry Medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry Nano- and molecular-scale electronics Nano-biomaterials and bioscience Nanomagnetics Nanomaterials, thin films and nanointerfaces Nanomedicine Nanometrology and nanomechanics Nano-optics Nanopatterning, self-assembly and nanofabrication Nanostructures for energy and sensing applications Natural products chemistry Organo main group chemistry Other nanotechnology (unclassified) Other organic chemistry (unclassified) Photochemistry and photovoltaics Physical organic chemistry Supramolecular chemistry

Abstract

Fabricating microelectronic devices for two-dimensional (2D) materials research is essential but often limited by the high cost and need for specialized facilities. This study presents an efficient and sustainable method for cleaning and reusing substrates with pre-patterned electrodes. The cleaning protocol involves the use of an ultrasonic bath in warm N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), enabling the removal of 2D materials without damaging the electrodes. This method significantly reduces costs and encourages more responsible use of resources in 2D materials device fabrication.

Keywords: 2D device fabrication; microfabricated electrode; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; substrate reuse; ultrasonic cleaning

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When a peer-reviewed version of this preprint is available, this information will be updated in the information box above. If no peer-reviewed version is available, please cite this preprint using the following information:

Zhang, Y.; Sozen, Y.; Zamora-Amo, E.; Pucher, T.; Jiménez-Arévalo, N.; Sofer, Z.; Xie, Y.; Castellanos-Gomez, A. Beilstein Arch. 2026, 20264. doi:10.3762/bxiv.2026.4.v1

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© 2026 Zhang et al.; licensee Beilstein-Institut.
This is an open access work licensed under the terms of the Beilstein-Institut Open Access License Agreement (https://www.beilstein-archives.org/xiv/terms), which is identical to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). The reuse of material under this license requires that the author(s), source and license are credited. Third-party material in this work could be subject to other licenses (typically indicated in the credit line), and in this case, users are required to obtain permission from the license holder to reuse the material.

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+aromatic +aldehyde	both words “aromatic” AND “aldehyde”
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“aromatic aldehyde”	the exact phrase “aromatic aldehyde”
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