Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• BNZ, and their contribution is examined below. The in vitro performance of BNZ loaded into nanoparticles (Nps) is shown in Table 1. In many of these reports, formulations were tested on different parasite stages (epimastigote, trypomastigote, and amastigote), and their cytotoxicity was assessed on

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• them effectively for regulated use. Although NMs are utilized in therapeutics, their cytotoxicity has attracted great attention. Nanoscale quantitative structure–property relationship (nano-QSPR) models can help in understanding the relationship between NMs and the biological environment and provide

• and toxicity endpoint. Physicochemical features encoding the information of MeOx NPs into PT descriptors were used to build prediction models for zeta potential and cytotoxicity (cell damage). The basic information of MeOx NPs was directly taken from the periodic table and some were calculated with

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• methodologies provide therapeutic benefits, they also contribute to cancer progression by inducing cytotoxicity in healthy cells and weakening the immune system, rendering individuals more vulnerable to other ailments [4][5]. There is a must to develop alternative multifunctional methodologies or intelligent

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• . Then, the signals were normalized to the signal of PVA@NP/Cou-6 for comparison. The fluorescence image of the NPs in the cells were displayed in Supporting Information File 1, Supplementary data 2 and Figure S2. Cytotoxicity effects of nanoparticles The cells were seeded onto 96-well plates at 5,000

• show a superior targeting effect to cancer cells, which might be due to the fact that cancer cells were cultured in normal cell culture media. Therefore, the expression of folate receptor was not as high compared to that of cancer cells that grew in folic-acid-free cell culture media. Cytotoxicity of

• 0.45 μg/mL at 72 h. However, cell viability even at the highest concentration of NPs (1.5 mg/mL) was only about 60%. The cytotoxicity of the NPs was significantly lower after 72 h of incubation than that at 48 h. The toxicity effect was similar for both NP concentrations of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/mL at both 48

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• ]. Biocompatibility assessment is an essential aspect of the development of NEs, particularly for biomedical and cosmetic applications, as it determines the safety and efficacy of the formulations. The assessment involves evaluating the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the NEs on different cell types and

• determining the effect on the immune response in vivo. In vitro cytotoxicity assays are an important tool for evaluating the safety of NEs. HaCaT cells are a widely used human keratinocyte cell line that exhibits several characteristics of normal human epidermal keratinocytes, making them an excellent model

• for evaluating cytotoxicity [22]. In vivo toxicity studies are also crucial for evaluating the safety of NEs. Galleria mellonella larvae have emerged as an alternative to mammalian models for in vivo studies of acute toxicity because of their low maintenance cost, easy handling, and high similarity in

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• cytotoxicity test revealed that the BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffold did not induce any changes in morphology and proliferation of MA-104 cell monolayers. It suggests that the BBR/PLA and BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds can be used in different biomedical applications, such as wound dressing, drug delivery

• [46]. In our study, the concentration of BBR released from BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds after 6, 12, and 24 h was 87.8, 106.0, and 150.5 mg/L, respectively, which are in the BBR concentration range, leading to an inhibitory effect against MRSA similarly to the aforementioned studies. Cytotoxicity

• the initial and diluted solutions was spread onto the agar surface in plastic Petri discs and statically incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Finally, the concentration of bacteria in inoculated solutions was calculated based on the number of bacterial colonies. Test of cytotoxicity of BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• decrease in macrophage cytotoxicity of the nanoencapsulated molecule when compared to its free form. In addition, the uptake of these nanoparticles by macrophages was higher than that by fibroblasts, with an IC50 approximately two times lower than that of the free drug, and a selectivity index 20 times

• revealed the lowest cytotoxicity against J774 macrophages [97]. Amphotericin B-loaded NLCs were also developed for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Free amphotericin B (AmB) and AmB-NLCs (250 nm) were evaluated for their leishmanicidal performance against the amastigote form and host cells. Unlike curc-NLCs

• cytotoxicity observed in in vivo studies. Hence, chitosan-based nanoparticles are a good strategy for drug delivery intended to treat leishmaniasis. This polymer can stimulate macrophages to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, as they bind to receptors present in the cells of the immune system [106]. In this

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• treatment. Cytotoxicity assays confirm the compatibility of this fatty acid with biosystems, and in vitro results showed that nanoparticles reduced the time of action of free oleic acid in four to six hours. Oleic acid nanoparticles (50 µg/mL) caused 100% of mortality of adult worms in 24 hours, while

• essential to guarantee the safety of the treatment. Most articles have dealt with cytotoxicity testing in vitro or acute toxicity testing in vivo. Others deviated from traditional methods and used genotoxicity testing and mitochondrial metabolism evaluation to assess this. However, toxicity data were not

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• cytotoxicity of CUR-HSA-MPs showed promising anticancer potential against human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh-7) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines, although this effect was less pronounced in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFB) and human cholangiocyte (MMN) cell lines. Confocal microscopy was used

• silk core–shell nanoparticles show high cytotoxicity and cellular uptake regarding breast cancer cells [14]. However, the effectiveness of zein nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle is limited by their poor stability, as they tend to aggregate when suspended in water [15]. Lyophilizing the particles

• effective delivery system, our second aim was to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of CUR-HSA-MPs in vitro and determine cell uptake in MCF-7 cell line. Results and Discussion Preparation of CUR-loaded human serum albumin microparticles The preparation process of CUR-loaded human serum albumin microparticles

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• metals into organisms. Thus, the present study reports nanoscale quantitative structure–activity relationship (nano-QSAR) models, which are based on an ensemble learning approach, for predicting the cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO2 to human renal cortex proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2

• cause of cytotoxicity. To demonstrate the predictive ability of the developed nano-QSAR models, simple periodic table descriptors requiring low computational resources were utilized. The nano-QSAR models generated good R2 values (0.99–0.89), Q2 values (0.64–0.77), and Q2F1 values (0.99–0.71). Thus, the

• living cells, and their cytotoxicity may inhibit cell growth cycles, leading to death of organisms. Considering this fact, the cytotoxicity of TiO2 in combination with other pollutants has been evaluated. TiO2 is the most commonly manufactured nanoparticle material. It is assumed that because of the

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• structures; therefore, antibodies are extensively used for protein recognition and targeting [19]. The mAbs are highly specific and capable to induce selective cellular toxicity by binding with specific target antigens, which results in cell lysis either by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

• , complement activation, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, or by inhibition of signal transduction [20][21]. Molecular cancer targets Cancer is a highly heterogeneous condition that arises from several mutations in transforming and tumor suppressor genes. High rates of metastasis, invasion, relapse, and drug

• Herceptin® to improve cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells [41]. Similarly, Rayavarapu et al. conjugated HER2 antibodies on the surface of gold nanoparticles using a noncovalent conjugation method in order to increase intracellular uptake into cancer cells [42]. The adsorption results

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• study published by our group, we analyzed the cytotoxicity of SPIONs against macrophages [9]. The results revealed no toxic effects up to a concentration of 300 µg/mL, indicating that SPIONs are well tolerated by macrophages. Because CC50 values are difficult to calculate, we used GraphPad Prism

• ) destroyed amastigotes (D, triangle). F, flagellum; k, kinetoplast; LB, lipid body; M, mitochondrion; and N, nucleus. Estimated CC50 and SI obtained after the analysis of the macrophage cytotoxicity assay previously published in [9] using the GraphPad Prism software. Selectivity index values for different

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• repulsion after adding a non-ionic surfactant [41]. Cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity Cytotoxicity assays using the tetrazolium 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide salt method (MTT) showed that Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) viability was affected by BNZ concentration in a dose

• attributed to the release profile of BNZ from NLC, exposing cells to lower doses of BNZ during the first stages of cellular division. This is a remarkable result, as toxic effects of BZN are a major cause of treatment discontinuation in the clinical setting [42]. Additionally, cytotoxicity was evaluated in

• , respectively. In agreement with the in vitro trypanocidal assay, NLC-VEHICLE also displayed intrinsic anti-amastigote activity with an EC50 value of 10.29 µM. This was unexpected, although not necessarily a negative outcome, having in mind that our formulation displayed reduced cytotoxicity against mammal

New trends in nanobiotechnology

• Pau-Loke Show,
• Kit Wayne Chew,
• Wee-Jun Ong,
• Sunita Varjani and
• Joon Ching Juan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32

• reduction methods which use surfactants, and explores the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of the synthesized anisotropic nanoparticles. A portion of the work looks into the possible integration of nanotechnology in deep eutectic solvent extractions and also the use of carrageenan as a safe stabilizing

• silver chloride nanoparticles, along with the analysis of the selective cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles on healthy and cancerous cells. The work aims to contribute to the production of alternative nanomaterials obtained from waste for therapeutic applications with emphasis on disease mitigation

• cytotoxicity activity on cancer and healthy cells. The results showed a selective cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles towards cancer cell compared to that towards monocytes. This finding gives rise to the development of a new system where cytotoxicity can be selective. This may benefit future research in the

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• unique properties, low cost, and low cytotoxicity [37][38][39]. Hybrid structures containing silver played an important role in the development of strong antibacterial agents and do not cause drug resistance problems due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial action [40]. These features led to a wide

• against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The prepared ternary systems (Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs) are expected to have better cytotoxic properties than binary systems (chitosan–silver and quercetin–silver), which showed moderate cytotoxicity in vitro at higher doses against different cancer

• enhanced activity of chitosan-stabilized Ag NPs in comparison to colloidal Ag NPs, and the cytotoxicity was inversely proportional to the size of chitosan-stabilized Ag NPs, but directly proportional to their concentrations. In another recent study, antioxidants–chitosan–silver nanoparticles have been

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• labor-efficient processing [29][35]. However, it is well known that pharmacological inhibitors have severe limitations. These include varying levels of specificity (Table 2), significant cytotoxicity, low selectivity, and variable efficacy that can change within different cells lines and different

• use of chemical compounds to inhibit or probe NP uptake pathways remains challenging because of issues such as poor specificity, cytotoxicity, cross-active chemical modalities, and varied efficacy. With proper controls, pharmacological inhibitors still provide value for simple screening of uptake

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• inherent cytotoxicity of PLGA may come from the accumulation of the degraded polymer components leading to changes in osmolality of the culture medium [50]. Other in vitro studies also reported that the size of PLGA nanoparticles had a significant impact on cytotoxicity against BEAS-2B and RAW264.7 cells

• were obtained upon solvent removal. High colloidal stability (longer than three months without sedimentation), high encapsulation efficiency (>99%), slow drug release (only 15% of the drug after five days), and low cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (cell viability > 80%) were observed. In vivo tests

• %) decreased as the O/S ratio increased, and DXM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity (A549 cell line) and hemolytic response. Encapsulation of DXM in PLGA nanoparticles resulted in slower and sustained release as compared to non-encapsulated DXM. Nanoemulsions formed in a 0.16 M PBS (W

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• considered, because it is an energetically costly, slow, and receptor-dependent mechanism. Moreover, NPs can be retained in the cell and pose cytotoxicity concerns and vulnerability to lysosomal digestion [5][28][29]. The second mechanism, paracellular transport, is based on the penetration of NPs through

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• environment (TME) because of immune evasion and cancer targeting abilities [15]. Moreover, biomimetic nanoparticles provide significant advantages regarding biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and structural support [16]. With the rapid development of biomimetic nanotechnology different types of derived

• ]. This biomimetic strategy reduces the presence of the drug in normal tissues and clearance from the body, which will facilitate precision therapy and reduce the cytotoxicity of the drug to normal tissues. Similarly, as a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel also faces many limiting problems

• tumor tissue, such as mRNA, siRNA, miRNA, and sgRNA [113]. This strategy can avoid the impact on normal tissues and shows the advantage of low cytotoxicity. However, RNA is highly unstable and can be easily degraded and eliminated by the kidney [114]. Gene delivery technology based on biomimetic NPs

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• charges of high density can damage the membranes and organelles of normal cells. With the use of CyD-based DDSs, however, high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity have been accomplished with minimal immune stimulation. The preorganized three-dimensional molecular structure of CyD as well as the

• inclusion complex (thus, the ternary assembly is also disassembled). As the result, the siRNA cargo is released and shows excellent cytotoxicity against cancer cells. In Figure 5, NIR light is used (instead of UV in Figure 4) to release siRNA at the target site. As described in section 2.3, the NIR

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• characterization methods (AFM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, photoluminescence, and EPR) indicate the significant influence of the precursor on structural, chemical, and optical properties. Antibacterial and cytotoxicity tests showed that these dots did not have any antibacterial potential, because of the low extent of reactive

• oxygen species production, and showed low dark cytotoxicity. By investigating the cellular uptake, it was established that these dots penetrated the HeLa cells and could be used as probes for bioimaging. Keywords: antibacterial; bioimaging; carbon quantum dots; precursor; reactive oxygen species

• and thermally stable, quasi-spherical, photoluminescent material with very good antibacterial and anticancer properties under visible light irradiation [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This material has very good biocompatibility, including low dark cytotoxicity and good cell proliferation

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• , Saltillo Coahuila, 25294, México 10.3762/bjnano.13.124 Abstract Green synthesis may be a useful approach to achieve selective cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on cancer cells and healthy cells. In this study, the concomitant biosynthesis of silver (Ag)/silver chloride (AgCl) nanoparticles from

• of the MCF-7 line. The best cytotoxicity effects on cancer cells were obtained with nanoparticles at 60 and 80 °C where cell viability was reduced up to 80% at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. A significant preference was observed in the cytotoxic effect of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles against cancer cells in

• and anticancer properties of AgNPs synthesized from pineapple peel. The authors reported a favorable antimicrobial activity at low concentrations of AgNPs. Das et al. [17] found that AgNPs synthesized in the same way have high antidiabetic potential and high cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells in

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• incubated with Hoechst 33342 (10 µg/mL) for 15 min and fixed with 4.0% (w/v) paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature in the dark. Finally, the cells were washed twice with PBS and visualized under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM, Leica TCS SP8, Germany). Cytotoxicity and synergized

• laser irradiation. Au-LNPs exhibited almost no distinct cytotoxicity under all concentrations in the absence of light. Under laser irradiation, only a slight decrease in the cell viability could be found in Au-LNP-treated cells, indicating the limited phototoxicity of Au-LNPs (Figure 5b). In darkness

• materials. In addition, AB-LNPs could cause severe cytotoxicity when exposed to only a very low dose of laser irradiation (0.5 W/cm2, 60 s), which is beneficial to clinical application. Conclusion AB-LNPs were prepared by simply mixing Au-LNPs with BDP. The physicochemical properties of AB-LNPs were closely

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• to be compatible with the Peppas–Sahlin model. Within the scope of in vitro cytotoxicity studies, the drug-loaded NPs showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than a DCX solution on the HT-29 colon cell line, and CS/DCX-PLGA showed the highest cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). According to the permeability

• DCX solution, the NP formulations exhibited considerably higher antiproliferative activity. This was due to the increased uptake of the nanoscale particles by the cells. In general, similar results and high anticancer activity are seen in nanoscale drug delivery systems. The higher cytotoxicity is

• f1 and f2 factors [84]. Based on f1 values between 0 and 15 and f2 values between 50 and 100, it is noted that the two release profiles seem to be similar [85]. In vitro cytotoxicity studies Using the colorimetric assay technique, the cytotoxicity of DCX-PLGA NPs and CS/DCX-PLGA NPs was assessed. A

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• -potential), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Experimental data suggested a multiple set of interactions between Pent and nanoGS that involves mainly the CD cavities. The biological profile of nanoG, nanoGS, and nanoGSP has been evaluated in terms of antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity by in vitro

• Pent (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1), in line with previously reported data [19][21]. Cytotoxicity assays were also performed to assess the selectivity of the nanosystems (see hereinafter). The inactivity of nanoG and nanoGS emerged in our work suggested that leishmanicidal effects described

• temperature for 15 h. In vitro antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity For the antileishmanial activity, nanoG, nanoGS, and nanoGSP (all of them in aqueous solution) were evaluated in vitro against L. infantum MHOM/MA (BE)/67 intracellular amastigotes. The aqueous sample solutions (nanoG = 28.17 μg/mL of Au