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Search for "pH" in Full Text gives 588 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43
- the supernatant, the MB concentration was determined via absorption spectroscopy at a wavelength of 664 nm. The photochemical degradation efficiency of MB was calculated according to formula where C0 and Ct are the MB concentration at the beginning and at time t, respectively. Effect of pH value The
- CoFe2O4/GQDs composite material was placed in flasks sealed with aluminium foil and containing 20 mL of 10 ppm MB solution at pH 3–11, adjusted with 0.01 M HCl or 0.01 M NaOH. After 60 min of adsorption and photodegradation, the tubes were placed in a photocatalytic cabinet for illumination for 120 min
- heterojunctions limit the recombination of photo-induced electron–hole pairs and, thus, enhance catalytic decolourisation. Therefore, the CF/GQDs-200 sample was selected for further studies. The point of zero charge (pzc) of CF/GQDs-200 obtained by the pH drift method is 6.6 (see the inset of Figure 7b
Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42
- adjust the pH value (pH 7) of this formulation. Formulation Test 3: 20 mg of commercial DCS powder was dissolved in 0.45 mL of deionized water with 0.2 mL of PEG 400 and then mixed with 0.3 mL of corn oil (Sigma-Aldrich). A volume of 0.05 mL of 0.1 N NaOH was used to adjust the pH value (pH 7) of this
- formulation. The pH stability test of DCS We prepared two solutions for pH stability test to simulate the gastrointestinal environment: 0.1 M of an HCl solution (pH 1.2 at the stomach) (Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.1 M of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4 at the terminal ileum) (Sigma-Aldrich) [26]. Approximately 5 mg of DCS
- stability of the DCS nanocrystals used in this study were confirmed by SEM and XRPD before the experiments. The excipient compatibility study and the pH effect on DCS stability The objective of the DCS excipient compatibility test (Table 1) was to determine the best excipient, the optimal pH range, the best
Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38
- , 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., MO, USA. Urea (CH4N2O, 99%) was obtained from ACS, Reag. Ph Eur, Merck Co., Germany, whereas glycerol (C3H8O3, 99%) was supplied by Daejung Ltd., Korea. ᴅ-glucose (C6H12O6, 99%) was purchased from Fisher Ltd., UK. The microscope glass slides (SiO2, Na2O
Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36
- microenvironments have different pH values and temperatures depending on the part and physiological status of the body. Thus, natural CAT usually suffers from low stability and is sensitively influenced by the environment. Several reports investigated the effect of pH and temperature on CAT activity as well the
- is caused by protein denaturation at high temperatures. Impressively, Co3O4 nanomaterials with different morphologies (nanoplates, nanorods, and nanocubes) exhibited the highest relative activity at very high pH (pH 9) and temperature (90 °C) [39]. Similar results were also reported for platinum
- nanoparticles whose H2O2 decomposition increased with increasing pH values (up to 11) and temperatures (up to 90 °C) [40]. The activity of natural CAT can also be improved by immobilizing it on nanomaterials. Immobilized CAT on Cu(II) nanofibers maintained approximately half of its catalytic activity after
Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30
- soluble drugs are those whose solubility is below 1 mg/mL over the physiological pH range and the BNZ solubility in distilled water or simulated gastric and enteric fluids oscillates between 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL [29][30], BNZ is considered a poorly soluble drug. Some authors classify BNZ as a class-II drug
- strain; 466-fold lower dose than oral free BNZ with 1400 mg/kg TD), caused no detectable hepatotoxicity, and completely abrogated the weight loss. BNZ-PS, but not free BNZ, significantly reduced the number of parasites in the heart and the inflammation. In 2005, ultra-low doses of pH-sensitive
- BNZ at a 353-fold higher dose (100 mg/kg/day over 20 days: 2000 mg/kg TD [52]). The study of the effect of pH-sensitive liposomes for etanidazole delivery to CD models was discontinued, but along with BNZ-polymersomes both showed that ultralow doses of the antiparasitic drug could reduce infection and
Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27
- , nanoparticles can easily agglomerate into particles with larger diameter. Upon intake by organisms, depending on the pH value, these agglomerations disintegrate again becoming a source for toxins in the body [8]. The formation of agglomerated NPs depends upon the surface charge of the NPs, which is believed to
- solution. It is closely related to suspension stability and morphology. In metals, the zeta potential can be altered by altering pH, concentration, and conductivity of the components of NPs [10]. Zeta potential can provide information regarding the fate, behavior, and toxicity of NPs in the environment as
- unstable and tend to agglomerate. NPs attract negative or positive ions from the medium to build a diffusion double layer. The electronegativity of the NPs also depends on the pH value of the medium [40]. In colloidal solutions, negatively charged metal oxides decrease the zeta potential, which reflects
Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24
- cancer therapy agent, is included in the nanocomposite structure, and in vitro drug release studies under different pH conditions (pH 5.5 and 7.4) and photothermal activity at 808 nm NIR laser irradiation are investigated. The comprehensive integration of precise multifunctional nanoparticles design
- appropriate sizes exhibited controlled drug release capabilities. Thus, a controlled drug delivery system was established using VNB/PDA/Fe3O4 NPs, which exhibited high release at the tumor microenvironment pH 5.5 for potential application in cancer treatment. The impact of polymer thickness on drug release
- was also determined. Consequently, our study represents a novel contribution to the field by investigating the impact of polymer thickness on drug release, offering enhanced drug loading efficiency, improved magnetic properties, and pH-responsive drug release kinetics. Materials and Methods Materials
Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23
- the measured magnitude and phase response of two nominally identical devices, both with nanowire width w = 200 nm, where one device has the shunt inductance and the other does not. For a shunt with inductance Ls = 195 pH, we increase Qext by a factor of roughly twenty at the cost of a slight reduction
- temperature Tc = 9.6 K, from which we estimate the superconducting energy gap with the BCS relation Δ0 = 1.76kBTc = 1.46 meV. Using Equation 4, we find a kinetic inductance per square Lk,□ = 35 pH/□ for the 200 nm wide nanowires, corresponding to a kinetic inductance per unit length Lk/ℓ = 175 pH/μm. We
- compare this to the estimated geometric inductance per unit length, using the thin-ribbon formula [27][37] Lg ≈ (μ0/2π)ℓ ln(2ℓ/w), from which we obtain Lg/ℓ = 17 pH/μm for our 200 nm wide nanowires. The ratio of kinetic inductance to total inductance is α = Lk/(Lk + Lg) ≃ 1, meaning that we can safely
Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21
- ions. The system’s pH value was maintained at a neutral level, and the NaCl salt concentration was set to 150 mM, mimicking the overall ionic strength of milk and equivalent to one salt molecule per 10 nm3. The system underwent equilibration for 1.0 ns under constant pressure conditions at 1.0 bar and
- -tempered metadynamics (AWT-MetaD) simulations, the adsorption energy was calculated at a temperature of 300 K, a pressure of 1.0 bar, and a neutral pH within the NVT ensemble. Additionally, we measured the interaction energy as a function of surface separation distance (SSD) as a collective variable
- the chosen compounds. It includes their UniProt IDs, molecular weights, charges, and the number of AAs in each protein. The charge data was determined through the PROPKA method [42][43] at a pH of 7.0. We model the lactose molecule as a pair of glucose beads; it does not possess a UniProt ID or a
Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17
- observed for all three kinds of NPs. The release of chlorambucil was quicker at pH 5.4 than at pH 7.4 at 37 °C. The F127@NPs and F127-folate@NPs demonstrated much greater cell uptake and toxicity up to 72 h after incubation. Our in vitro results of F127@NPs and F127-folate@NPs have demonstrated the ability
- oxide NPs were synthesized using a modified coprecipitation method [13]. Firstly, 10 mmol of FeSO4·7H2O and 5 mmol of FeCl3·6H2O were dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water in a N2 atmosphere. Then, 1 M of NaOH was carefully added into the solution while swirling until the pH reached 14. Next, 1 mL of
- were performed in both 0.1× PBS (13.7 mM of NaCl, 0.27 mM of KCl, 1 mM of Na2HPO4, and 0.18 mM of KH2PO4, pH 7.4) and animal cell culture media containing DMEM and 10% FBS. Scanning electron microscopy For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments, 10 μL of F127-folate@NP was loaded on the silica
Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16
- . After 15 min, 100 mL of water was used to dilute the reaction. The powder was filtered and washed with distilled water until it had a neutral pH. The GO powder was then dispersed in water and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 min to obtain the suspended solution. The purified GO powder was collected
Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11
- , which affects over 49% of agricultural lands worldwide, thereby negatively affecting crops grown on calcareous and alkaline (pH > 7) soil in dry and semi-arid regions around the world [5][6]. The mean Zn content of soil ranges between 17–125 µg/g of soil while in Zn-deficient soils it is less than 10 µg
- the sample [34]. Phytotoxicity experiments on R. sativus grown in an inert solid medium The high bioavailability of Zn caused by the acidic pH (5.8–6.5) of coir might have caused the death of R. sativus grown with the application of 10,000 mg/L of ZnO NPs. This is confirmed by leaf chlorosis after 18
- ) were separately homogenized using a mortar and pestle with 10 mL of phosphate buffer (50 mM at pH 7.4). The mixture was centrifuged at 9000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C, the supernatant was collected, and the soluble protein content was determined according to the Bradford’s method [57]. Determination of IAA
Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10
- ethanol (50:50 v/v), pH 5.5. 1 mL of the formulations was used, as allowed by the Franz cell. The acceptor solution was constantly agitated at 300 rpm using mini-magnetic agitators. The temperature was maintained at 37 ± 2 °C by utilizing a circulating heating bath in the jacketed cells. The evaluation of
Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8
- efficiency. In this paper, we want to deepen the study of other key points, such as the reuse and stability of these nanofibres, in order to assess their profitability. On the one hand, the reusability of nanofibres has been studied using different stripping treatments at different pH values on the nylon
- nanofibres with well-oriented antibodies anchored by protein A/G. Our study shows that stripping with glycine buffer pH 2.5 allows the nanofibres to be reused as long as protein A/G has been previously anchored, leaving both nanofibre and protein A/G unchanged. On the other hand, we investigated the
- and Discussion Results of nanofibre reusability study High-salinity antigen/antibody (Ag/Ac) elution buffer pH 6.6 as stripping agent A commercial Ag/Ac elution buffer pH 6.6 with high salinity was able to remove almost all antibody fixed on the nanofibres through protein A/G (88.6%). The retained
Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4
- antileishmanial potential, curc has several drawbacks, such as: (i) low aqueous solubility, (ii) rapid clearance, (iii) low tissue absorption, and (iv) notable chemical degradation (neutral and alkaline pH), which severely reduces its bioavailability and hinder its clinical use [18][53][54]. Given this scenario
- combination therapy. The authors functionalized the surface of PLGA-NPs with Eudragit L30D, a polymer that provides pH-dependent drug release and significantly improved targeted action, thus increasing the efficacy of the drug [45]. Curc-E-PLGA-NPs showed spherical morphology, with a hydrodynamic mean
Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2
- , and because of that, it is resistant to low pH values [23]. So, when nanoparticles with this material are orally administered, they resist against gastric secretions and release the drug in the intestine. This protects many drugs and increases their bioavailability [24]. Inorganic nanoparticles (IN
Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100
- already widely used in biology. Its hydrodynamic radius of about 4 nm at pH 7 makes it possible to envisage NP sizes close to 10 nm [20]. Chassepot and Ball prepared eumelanin-like particles in the presence of albumin, whose sizes decreased with the amount of protein down to 30 nm in diameter [14]. The
- hydrodynamic diameter of 3–4 nm at physiological pH [20]. The resulting number N of nanoparticles per milliliter and self-polymerization reaction yield η obtained with BSA/DA ratios of 3 and 10 were calculated with Equation 1 and Equation 2, respectively: where V is the volume of the NP solution remainder
- concentration might have led to an increase in the Stern layer thickness, resulting in a larger hydrodynamic diameter measured by DLS. The size of BSA/PDA NPs remained stable as a function of pH at acidic pH, but increased moderately under alkaline conditions (Figure 3e). Chen et al. reported that PDA NPs
Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93
- promising biological properties, particularly antioxidant activity. However, its medical applications are limited due to its low water solubility, bioavailability, and pH-instability. CUR-loaded albumin microparticles (CUR-HSA-MPs) of submicron size in the range of 800 to 900 nm and a zeta potential of −15
- mV were prepared. The CUR loading efficiency was up to 65%. A maximum release of 37% of the encapsulated CUR was observed within 6 h when the CUR-HSA-MPs were dispersed in 50% ethanol in PBS at pH 7, while in RPMI 1640 medium the release was 7%. This demonstrates a sustainable release. The in vitro
- release of CUR for 6 h. The cumulative release of CUR was 35% when dispersed in 50% ethanol in PBS at pH 7, and 7% when dispersed in RPMI 1640 medium. However, the release in PBS (pH 7.4) was less than 1% after 96 h, as shown in Figure 5. Sustained release is a desirable property in the treatment of
Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75
- induce conformational changes, which result in denaturation and loss of activity [43]. Similarly, electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged NPs and antibodies result in weak interactions where the antibodies are easily detached due to small changes in pH or ionic strength [44]. Covalent
- binding Covalent binding of antibodies can be achieved either by adding functional groups on the NP surfaces or by chemical modification of antibodies. Covalent attachment provides high stability, prominent reproducibility, and strong interaction; therefore, changes of pH or ionic strength do not affect
- of antibodies on the NP surfaces, because at physiological pH (pH 7), the most reactive amine groups are situated in the Fab region, which further leads to the loss of biological activity [50][51]. To avoid this, other techniques with oriented immobilization are mostly preferred for conjugation
Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO2: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74
- products, as shown in Figure 1. In addition to the properties of the catalyst material, other parameters, such as potential, pH, solvent, and temperature, also determine the formation of desired products. MOFs nanomaterials for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 Ni-based MOFs nanomaterials Two-dimensional
Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73
- promastigotes (control and treated cells) were washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.2 and adhered for 10 min on glass coverslips previously coated with poly-ʟ-lysine (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). The intracellular amastigotes were obtained after infection of RAW 264.7 macrophages at a ratio of ten
- parasites to one macrophage. After treatment, cells were washed in PBS pH 7.2, fixed, and dehydrated, as described in [9]. Finally, cells were observed using a DM2500 optical microscope (Leica Microsystem, Germany) in bright-field mode. Electron microscopy analysis Control and treated cells were washed in
- PBS pH 7.2, fixed, and post-fixed according to previously published protocols [23]. Then, cells were processed for scanning electron microscopy and chemical element mapping analysis as described in [9]. The micrographs were obtained using a TESCAN VEGA 3 LMU scanning electron microscope operating at
Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66
- . A Platinum EPS C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, GraceTM, Columbia, MD, USA) column was used; the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and 0.02% phosphoric acid solution (60:40) for a final pH of 2.5. The system was operated isocratically at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate and the detection was performed
- at 324 nm. The volume of injection was 20 μL. In vitro benznidazole release assay The release of BNZ from the nanoparticles was performed in a rotating paddle apparatus (Vision Classic 6, Hanson Research, Chatsworth, CA, USA) at 75 rpm using 500 mL of KH2PO4 buffer (pH 6.8) as the dissolution medium
Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64
- catalytic performance in degrading the pollutants methyl orange and rhodamine B. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite is pH-dependent, related to the alterations in surface properties of the nanocomposite at different pH values. At pH 6, the nanocomposite demonstrated the highest antibacterial
- properties of AgNPs can be influenced by factors such as size, pH value, and ionic strength of the medium [28][29][30][31]. Extensive research has been dedicated to control the size and shape of AgNPs through the application of various capping agents. In addition to their antimicrobial properties, AgNPs are
- nanocomposites using saccharides, such as alginate, cyclodextrin, and lactose. This method allows for the loading of metallic ions onto the nanocomposite, followed by their reduction to nanoparticles [36][37]. The nanocomposite matrix can release silver in appropriate environments, exhibiting pH-dependent
Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63
- dissolution and stabilization have been previously studied in vitro using acidic aqueous environments. Nanoceria agglomerated in the presence of some carboxylic acids over 30 weeks, and degraded in others, at pH 4.5 (i.e., the pH value in phagolysosomes). Plants release carboxylic acids, and cerium
- within the rhizosphere [12][13]. Colloid stability of nanoceria is affected by temperature, pH, surface structure, surface-adsorbed organic and inorganic ligands, and metal/nonmetal ions and their concentrations in the solution surrounding the particles [14]. Nanoceria interacts with soil and plant roots
- , where it is known to dissolve and transform in the presence of chelating agents at low pH [15]. In cucumber plants, there is clear evidence of ceria uptake and transport throughout the plant. A fraction of the ceria formed cerium carboxyl complexes. No phytotoxicity was reported to the plant itself [16
In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62
- at 180 °C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the solid was collected and rinsed with DI water to neutral pH. The dried solid was denoted as Ge/C-HT180. Solid-state reaction coupling to synthesize Ge/C-SS750 composite Relevant amounts of Ge and BC-800 at a mass ratio of 2:5 were well ground
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