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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66
Figure 1: Cross-sectional FESEM images of pristine ZnO film. Here yellow arrow represents the thickness of gr...
Figure 2: GXRD pattern of pristine and Ar+-implanted ZnO films at various fluences.
Figure 3: Shift in peak position of the (002) peak centered at 34.23° for all samples. 34.41° is the Bragg an...
Figure 4: Raman spectra of (a) pristine and Ar+-implanted ZnO films at various fluences of (b) 1 × 1015, (c) ...
Figure 5: Number of zinc and oxygen vacancies created by the argon ion beam in the ZnO target calculated usin...
Figure 6: Deconvolution of the A1 (LO) Raman peak of ZnO films implanted at various fluences of (a) 1 × 1015,...
Figure 7: 2D and 3D AFM images of pristine (a1, a2) and Ar+-implanted ZnO films at fluences 1 × 1015 (b1, b2)...
Figure 8: FESEM images of pristine (a) and Ar+-implanted ZnO films at fluences of (b) 1 × 1015, (c) 5 × 1015,...
Figure 9: Diffuse reflectance spectra of (a) pristine and Ar+-implanted ZnO films at various fluences, viz. (...
Figure 10: Kubelka–Munk function F(R) related to (a) pristine and Ar+-implanted ZnO films at various fluences,...
Figure 11: Tauc’s plot of (a) pristine and Ar+-implanted ZnO films at various fluences, viz. (b) 1 × 1015, (c)...
Figure 12: Plot of ln(F(R)) versus E for (a) pristine and Ar+-implanted ZnO films at various fluences, viz. (b...
Figure 13: Variation in optical bandgap and Urbach energy values of pristine and 30 keV Ar+-implanted ZnO film...