NANOSCIENCE – THEORY TO APPLICATION

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1 article(s) from Norouzi, Saeed

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

Yash Jain,
Saeed Norouzi,
Tobias Materzok,
Stanislav N. Gorb and
Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

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Figure 1: Electron microscopy images of the gecko setae. (A–C) Three hierarchical levels in the scanning elec...

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Figure 2: Illustration of the entire multiscale seta model. The red spatulae are modeled using beads, while t...

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Figure 3: Schematic for constructing the skeleton of our multiscale model. The dimensions of the figure have ...

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Figure 4: The finite element mesh of the setal shaft in our model. The dotted lines at the top of the seta sh...

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Figure 5: Geometry of the molecular spatula and substrate. (a) A spatula interacting with the dual-layered sm...

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Figure 6: Illustration of the three domains: particle (MD), continuum (FE), and bridging domain (BD). Also sh...

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Figure 7: A bridging domain connects one of the spatulae (modeled using molecular dynamics) to the setal shaf...

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Figure 8: Reaction forces experienced by the substrate (red), anchor points (green), and the driver FE nodes ...

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Figure 9: Number of seta–substrate contacts. (a) Averaged over five runs with error bars in a darker blue col...

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Figure 10: Spatula–substrate force profiles for every spatula for a typical pull-off run. For numbering of spa...

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Figure 11: Spatula-substrate contact profiles of every spatula for a typical pull-off run. For numbering of sp...

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Figure 12: Spatula tip and pad displacement profiles along X-axis (along the surface in the direction of seta ...

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Figure 13: Snapshots of spatula 3 just before (load step 155; 217 ns) and after (load step 165; 231 ns) a tip ...

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Figure 14: Snapshots of different spatulae at interesting stages during pull-off simulations. Yellow = spatula...

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Published 14 Nov 2025

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