AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• ][17]. This G-protein is targeted because studies show a possible positive effect on inhibiting the metastasis of cervical cancer cells [18]. However, more clinical and preclinical studies on CXCR7 and its co-player CXCR4 are required since alterations have been detected in diseases such as cancer

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• accumulation selectively through specific binding to receptors overexpressed by cancer cells (left panel of Figure 1), resulting in enhanced therapeutic activity and reduced systemic toxicity. Globally, there are around 15 approved cancer drug nanoformulations for clinical use, and 80 candidates for novel

• illustration of the passive accumulation of NPs through the EPR effect (right panel) and of actively targeting overexpressed markers in cancer cells (left panel). The right panel displays leaky vasculature of tumor vessels with lack of effective lymphatic drainage, allowing for a higher permeability of

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• discussed, including drug delivery and environmental sensing applications for humidity, heavy metals, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, biomedical sensing applications of alginate-based nanoparticles regarding various analytes such as glucose, cancer cells, pharmaceutical drugs, and human motion will also be

• example, it is possible to deliver medications to cancer cells with little side effects and minimum damage to healthy cells. As a result, DDSs can improve patient compliance and adherence to medications [39]. Furthermore, smart drug delivery can also increase the bioavailability of drugs, which refers to

• efficiency of 81.2% and a high drug loading capacity of 18.3% were obtained. Furthermore, at pH 5.0, 90% of the DOX was released from the conjugated NPs. An acidic environment can be cause for the reduced electrostatic interaction between alginate and DOX. It is noteworthy that KB cancer cells effectively

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• , it might be an advantage if a given NP with a drug that is supposed to kill the target cell induces macropinocytosis and thereby increases drug uptake. However, increased uptake of nutrients by macropinocytosis has been shown to increase the survival/growth of cancer cells [65][66]. Thus, if one does

• reactions to, for instance, cancer cells and, at the same time, are toxic to the cells we want to kill? If the NPs need to be transported across the endothelial cell layer to reach a tumor, does the mechanism vary and can it be optimized? One should remember that by making complex NPs it could be difficult

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• biosensor. 4 Summary and future research works FET-based biosensors have been designed and developed to achieve higher performance and improved sensitivity in detecting various types of species, such as viruses, cancer cells, proteins, DNA, glucose, and nucleic acids. The latest emerging 3D and 2D FET-based

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• chemotherapeutic agent chlorambucil (CHL) and the imaging agent IR780. The approach in this study incorporates Pluronic F127-folate onto the PLGA nanoparticles, which enables targeted delivery to folate receptor-expressing cancer cells. The F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles were formulated using a

• ). Additionally, the F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles exhibited a lower IC50 value against cancer cells than non-targeted F127@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles. These findings suggest that the developed F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles hold promise as a theragnostic system for targeted cancer therapy

• used. Its receptor is significantly overexpressed in several types of cancer cells, while there is an undetectable expression in normal cells [12]. Hence, the incorporation of folic acid into nanoparticles is helpful in actively targeting tumors [12][13]. In our previous study, F127 was conjugated with

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• significantly contribute to the cellular uptake of ENMOs in multiple cell types, including pancreatic cancer cells (PaCa2), human endothelial cells (HUVEC), and human macrophage cells (U937). The best models have been identified for each cell type and analyzed to detect the structural fingerprints/features

• . Ultimately, this cascade leads to damage to cellular organelles and the demise of the cell [13][14][15]. ENMOs have also been explored for potential diagnostic applications, particularly in targeting cancer cells [16][17]. To create target-specific NPs, researchers synthesized magnetofluorescent NPs with an

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• ). The special structure of nanoflowers improves the stability and efficiency of the surface reaction [24]. Furthermore, prior research has verified that radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia can significantly improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy at approximately 42 °C [25][26][27

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• ]. Antioxidants contribute to cancer inhibition and cancer treatment by several mechanisms. First, nanoantioxidants reduce cancer initiation by protecting DNA molecules from oxidative stress and stimulating DNA repair. For example, platinum nanoparticles inhibited the growth of epithelial lung cancer cells by

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• treatment of cancer cells. To achieve this, QSPR modeling was first performed with 18 metal oxide (MeOx) NMs to measure their materials properties using periodic table-based descriptors. The features obtained were later applied for zeta potential calculation (imputation for sparse data) for MeOx NMs that

• systems. Metal NPs can lead to greater signal amplification, greater sensitivity, and higher detection. However, NPs with properties that generate ROS can increase cell damage. In cancer cells, rapid proliferation leads to an imbalance of oxygen, abnormal structure, and blood supply, making the tumor

• plot for cell damage endpoint (model 2). Zeta potential formation and influence phenomenon in respect to the modeled descriptors. Interpretation of descriptors with respect to cell damage (endpoint) in cancer cells. Results for read across prediction using different similarity-based approaches

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• . Vinorelbine (VNB), a chemotherapeutic agent, has seen significant clinical use in the treatment of lung cancer and advanced breast cancer [30]. VNB affects the continuous mitotic division in cancer cells, thereby impeding uncontrolled growth. By binding to microtubules, VNB exerts an inhibitory effect on

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• oxide) (PEO). To improve the targeting ability of nanoparticles, ligands are typically designed to be located on the exterior of nanoparticles. Typically, ligands are cell-type-specific monoclonal antibodies, RGD peptides for the overexpression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor on cancer cells [5

• ], mannose for the mannose receptor on activated macrophages [6][7], and folic acid for the overexpression of the folate receptor on the surface of cancer cells and activated macrophages [8]. Thus, in this study, PLGA was chosen for NP formulation since it is a biocompatible and biodegradable material

• and IR783 are also promising diagnostic choices. Encapsulation of IR780 in nanoparticles can be used for imaging and photothermal, photodynamic, and combinatorial cancer therapies [20][21][22]. IR780 is also utilized in PEG-PLA nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy of human breast cancer cells [23

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• system when they reach the end of their lifetime [11][12]. Similar data were reported for nanoparticulate systems [13]. Other examples are viruses [14] and cancer cells which can adapt their mechanical properties multiple times during the process of metastasis formation [15]. Looking at these examples

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• to confirm the uptake of CUR-HSA-MPs by cancer cells. Our studies revealed that HSA-MPs are potentially promising vehicles for increasing the solubility and bioavailability of CUR. Keywords: albumin submicron particles; cancer therapy; curcumin; drug delivery; Introduction Curcumin (CUR) is a

• especially anticancer potential [1][2]. Several in vivo and in vitro studies in recent years have demonstrated that CUR can influence cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis [3]. It has been reported that CUR exerts anticancer effects in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by

• silk core–shell nanoparticles show high cytotoxicity and cellular uptake regarding breast cancer cells [14]. However, the effectiveness of zein nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle is limited by their poor stability, as they tend to aggregate when suspended in water [15]. Lyophilizing the particles

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• cancer cells under 650 and 808 nm laser irradiation [54] (Figure 5B). The nanoparticles with a size of 2 nm showed a 5–6% higher photothermal conversion efficiency than the 80 nm particles. The higher photothermal effect of smaller nanoparticles can be explained by the Mie theory, which states that as

• on cancer cells generating two to five times more heat than from magnetic stimulation alone [70]. In another study, clustered iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited a higher PCE than separate iron oxide particles [71]. A study was conducted to analyse how a poly(acrylic acid) coating on iron oxide

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• , India Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India 10.3762/bjnano.14.75 Abstract Nanotechnology provides effective methods for precisely delivering chemotherapeutics to cancer cells, thereby improving efficacy and reducing off-target side effects. The targeted delivery

• chemotherapeutics specifically to the targeted cancer cells. ACNPs combine the benefits of NPs and mAbs to provide high drug loads at the tumor site with better selectivity and delivery efficiency. The mAbs on the NP surfaces recognize their specific receptors expressed on the target cells and release the

• Herceptin® to improve cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells [41]. Similarly, Rayavarapu et al. conjugated HER2 antibodies on the surface of gold nanoparticles using a noncovalent conjugation method in order to increase intracellular uptake into cancer cells [42]. The adsorption results

Specific absorption rate of randomly oriented magnetic nanoparticles in a static magnetic field

• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.39

• the tumor in the range of 41–43 °C over several medical treatments leads to the tumor destruction, as well as to the activation of the body’s immune response to cancer cells [8]. However, the introduction of MH into clinical practice is hindered by a number of difficulties. Unfortunately, it is not

New trends in nanobiotechnology

• Pau-Loke Show,
• Kit Wayne Chew,
• Wee-Jun Ong,
• Sunita Varjani and
• Joon Ching Juan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32

• , Selangor, 43900, Malaysia School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong 10.3762/bjnano.14.32 Keywords: biocompatible nanoparticles; cancer cells; carrageenan; cytotoxic selectivity; green synthesis methods; nanobiotechnology; SARS-CoV-2; self

• infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Another important topic covered in this thematic issue is presented in this article: “In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles” [7]. This work explores the use of pineapple waste for the synthesis of silver and

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• high dose (500 µM) for 24 h. It decreased cell viability by 75% in glioblastoma cells and by 25% in non-cancerous cells (data not shown). From this, it can be concluded that the selected cancer drug is highly specific to the cancer cells [56]. Therefore, human glioblastoma (U-118 MG) cell lines were

• used to investigate the specificity of nanoparticles to the glioblastoma multiforme cancer cells in the current study. ARPE19 cells as a part of the central nervous system were also used as the non-cancer cell (control). In addition, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized Ag NPs was tested

• /synergistic effects against cancer cells. Moreover, this combination approach with different natural products in binary or ternary systems will offer a better synergistic effect against various bacteria or fungi. According to the results of this preliminary study, chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• aspect is the EPR effect, which is a phenomenon characteristic of mature solid tumors. The vascular permeability factors (e.g., VEGF) produced in higher concentrations by cancer cells stimulate the formation of an abnormal vascular structure, which can be used in the passive targeting of nanodrugs

• achievable utilizing NPs less than 100 nm in diameter. In contrast, active targeting strategies involve functionalizing the NP surface with appropriate ligands specific for receptors overexpressed by the cancer cells (e.g., folic acid and transferrin). The combination of the paracellular gap size resulting

• of tumors may also contribute to faster intravasation and extravasation of cancer cells, which has been confirmed in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Peng et al. demonstrated that the exposure of breast cancer cells to TiO2, SiO2, and Au NPs significantly accelerates the intravasation and

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• membranes have been exploited for the development of novel membrane NP-based therapies, such as erythrocytes [10], platelets [11], cancer cells [14], stem cells [12], immune cells [13], central nervous system-derived cells [17], bacterial outer membrane vesicles [18], and extracellular vesicles [19]. Cancer

• living tumor cells to patients, cell membrane coating nanotechnology is safer during usage because of the inactivation of tumor cells and the removal of intracellular components [22]. In treatments of tumors that lack effective targeting, cancer cells achieve precise delivery of bionanoparticles to

• research in applying biomimetic NPs coated with tumor cell membranes in the medical field and provide a comprehensive summary of the different diseases and diagnostic and therapeutic methods involved (Figure 1). First, different properties of cancer cell membranes are discussed separately. Cancer cells

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• proliferation and survival mechanisms on which the cancer cells are heavily dependent. The efficacy of existing small molecules in synergistic combinations for relevant genetic mutations in resistant cancers has been evaluated in many research and clinical studies, with promising results in some types of mutant

• copolymer core–shell NPs, (ii) polymer–polypeptide hybrid core–shell NPs, and (iii) polymer–lipid hybrid core–shell NPs additionally decorated with ligands for overexpressed receptors on cancer cells [92]. Traditionally selected overexpressed cancer cell surface markers for the active targeting of NPs

• intravascular gaps or fenestrations or actively by a transcytotic mechanism, loaded with one or more types of stage-2 nanoparticles. The payload of drug/diagnostic agent-loaded nanoparticles optimized for improved interaction with various cancer cells, including lung cancer cells, is released over time at the

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• siRNA from the endosome. In another example, a supramolecular nanoparticle was prepared from a linear CyD-based polymer, hydrophilic polyethylene glycol bearing an adamantane at the end, and siRNA [64]. By attaching a human transferrin protein, this composite was steered to target cancer cells to

• nanoassemblies (pale green balls in the third row from the top). Due to high biocompatibility and tumor-targeting capacity of HA, these ternary nanoassemblies effectively entered cancer cells. Upon UV irradiation (365 nm), the azobenzene isomerizes from the trans form to the cis form, disassembling the α-CyD

• inclusion complex (thus, the ternary assembly is also disassembled). As the result, the siRNA cargo is released and shows excellent cytotoxicity against cancer cells. In Figure 5, NIR light is used (instead of UV in Figure 4) to release siRNA at the target site. As described in section 2.3, the NIR

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• , Saltillo Coahuila, 25294, México 10.3762/bjnano.13.124 Abstract Green synthesis may be a useful approach to achieve selective cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on cancer cells and healthy cells. In this study, the concomitant biosynthesis of silver (Ag)/silver chloride (AgCl) nanoparticles from

• of the MCF-7 line. The best cytotoxicity effects on cancer cells were obtained with nanoparticles at 60 and 80 °C where cell viability was reduced up to 80% at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. A significant preference was observed in the cytotoxic effect of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles against cancer cells in

• comparison to monocytes. Keywords: cancer cells; cytotoxic behavior; green synthesis; pineapple extract; silver chloride nanoparticles; silver nanoparticles; structural characterization; Introduction The study of metallic nanoparticle synthesis by green methods is gaining importance, especially in cases

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• progression, and within monitoring and treatments such as chemotherapies and immunotherapies. In our opinion, closer collaboration of the above disciplines would enable rigorous nanomechanical studies of cancer cells and tumor microenvironments in controlled physiologically relevant conditions. This could