New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• interstitial voids among the particles. A very modest hysteresis is observed, which closes at approximately p/p0 = 0.45. This result is indicative of a few mesopores with restricted access within the material, which are emptied by cavitation [27]. Furthermore, analysis of 2Z-HYCA vs the synthesis temperature

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• pre-pulse excitation of the solution film. When the pre-pulse energy increases, the main pulse encounters a strongly excited ENZ shell around the gold nanoparticles as well as, at longer delays, surface roughening of the solution film and cavitation bubbles below the surface [47]. Such scenarios are

• . Nanoroughening of water surface evolves at longer times. Disintegration of gold nanoparticles is expected inside the cavitation bubble. Intensity of incident beam: .

Numerical investigation of the tribological performance of micro-dimple textured surfaces under hydrodynamic lubrication

• Kangmei Li,
• Dalei Jing,
• Jun Hu,
• Xiaohong Ding and
• Zhenqiang Yao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2324–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.232

• the effects of groove texture on fully lubricated sliding with cavitation. The effects of cavitation pressure, sliding speed, sliding pitch angle and texture scale were discussed. Ramesh et al. [25] solved the N-S equations by using two-dimensional CFD and predicted the texture-induced lift. The

• -dimple array under the condition of hydrodynamic lubrication. The pressure and velocity distribution are obtained using the finite volume method. Negative pressure is permitted and cavitation is not yet considered. The main mechanism for the improvement of the tribological performance by micro-dimple

Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• of 30 min with on/off cycles (4 s and 2 s, respectively) in order to prevent heating which could occur during acoustic cavitation. The initial swelling of MWCNT agglomerates by solvent infiltration and interaction was considered as a crucial precondition to obtain a good dispersion of MWCNTs inside

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• observed in the cavitation of non-covalently-connected micelles composed of carboxyl-ended polybutadiene cores and crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) shells in THF/water (9/1, v/v) mixture [44]. It was very possible that the size of PAN chains was too large to diffuse out of the PMMA shell, thus, the

Laser irradiation in water for the novel, scalable synthesis of black TiO_x photocatalyst for environmental remediation

• Massimo Zimbone,
• Giuseppe Cacciato,
• Mohamed Boutinguiza,
• Vittorio Privitera and
• Maria Grazia Grimaldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 196–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.21

• , high temperature and pressure are maintained for several μs. Water dissociates and reacts with titanium atoms ejected from the target, realizing H–Ti–Ox. In addition, a cavitation bubble appears, expands, shrinks and collapses in the timescale of hundreds of μs. The collapse is a complex phenomenon

The role of morphology and coupling of gold nanoparticles in optical breakdown during picosecond pulse exposures

• Yevgeniy R. Davletshin and
• J. Carl Kumaradas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 869–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.79

• Bremsstrahlung absorption and grows through impact ionization known as electron avalanche [32]. LIB induces breakage of molecular and atomic bonds and will be accompanied by luminescence, cavitation, and the formation of bubbles and shock waves [22][33]. The optical breakdown threshold in an aqueous medium that

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• cavitation collapse occurs, many molecules are brought together to form a nanoparticle. Such a nanoparticle consists of a very high amount of desired molecules [26][27]. In the current case, the molecules of the dye that are presented in the solution form the nanoparticles, in addition to the MO that are

Aquatic versus terrestrial attachment: Water makes a difference

• Petra Ditsche and
• Adam P. Summers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2424–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.252

• Stefan’s equation. Under increasing stress, air bubbles in the viscous fluid can cause cavitation, which means that growing bubbles provide extra volume required for the plate separation [48]. Another process that causes instabilities is called air fingering, air moves in from the edge of the sample to the

• surfaces [68][72]. Many superhydrophobic surfaces are known for their ability to hold an air film under water for a varying time span [73][74][75]. Therefore, these surfaces could hold micro bubbles that serve as cavitation nucleating sites as in seawater. Whether this effect would occur after a long-time

• exposure of the substrates or at higher pressure has not been resolved. Ambient pressure also has an impact on cavitation [76]. It is possible that extremely high pressures can reduce the cavitation threshold, but this is just likely to matter at great depth. The attachment force of the sucker (Fs) is

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• [19]. The physical and chemical phenomena associated with ultrasonic waves are cavitation and nebulization. Cavitation induces extreme conditions by collapsing air bubbles which initiates chemical reactions, while nebulization furthers the reaction within the heated droplets. These processes induce

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• different species like ionized atoms, clusters as well as larger fragments [24][46]. This is followed by the formation of a cavitation bubble on a microsecond scale, while the bubble confines crystalline nanoparticles [47]. In case of picosecond laser pulses the laser beam does not interact with the plasma

A sonochemical approach to the direct surface functionalization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

• Bashiru Kayode Sodipo and
• Azlan Abdul Aziz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1472–1476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.160

• an acoustic cavitation (sonochemical) process were found to induce a rapid silanization reaction between SPION and APTES. FTIR, XPS and XRD measurements were used to demonstrate the grafting of APTES on SPION. Compared to what was reported in literature, the results showed that the silanization

• cavitation process. These exceptional conditions are employed to sonochemically graft APTES on SPION. SPION were prepared through a co-precipitation method as reported in our previous work [17]. Because a huge amount of thermal energy is generated during the sonochemical process, the SPION–APTES compound was

• magnets (1.5 T, for details see Supporting Information File 1). The ultrasonic irradiation of the mixture causes the formation, growth and collapse of bubbles (acoustic cavitation process) within the liquid content. These bubbles behave as individual microreactors as they are often accompanied by a

Direct observation of microcavitation in underwater adhesion of mushroom-shaped adhesive microstructure

• Lars Heepe,
• Alexander E. Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 903–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.103

• Lars Heepe Alexander E. Kovalev Stanislav N. Gorb Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.103 Abstract In this work we report on experiments aimed at testing the cavitation hypothesis [Varenberg

• than by cavitation. These results obtained due to the high-speed visualisation of the contact behavior at nanoscale-confined interfaces allow for a microscopic understanding of the underwater adhesion of MSAMSs and may aid in further development of artificial adhesive microstructures for applications

• in predominantly liquid environments. Keywords: bio-inspired; biomimetic; cavitation; contact mechanics; gecko; interface; negative pressure; pull-off; surface; tribology; Introduction During the past two decades, bio-inspired microstructured adhesives became a new class of adhesive materials with

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• to nanoparticles consists in the ablation of a target in liquid media by intense laser radiation, leading to an ejection of its constituent and the formation of a colloidal nanoparticle solution (Figure 1A), released into pure water after the collapse of the laser-induced cavitation bubble [45][79

An ultrasonic technology for production of antibacterial nanomaterials and their coating on textiles

• Anna V. Abramova,
• Vladimir O. Abramov,
• Aharon Gedanken,
• Ilana Perelshtein and
• Vadim M. Bayazitov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 532–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.62

• , Israel 10.3762/bjnano.5.62 Abstract A method for the production of antibacterial ZnO nanoparticles has been developed. The technique combines passing an electric current with simultaneous application of ultrasonic waves. By using high-power ultrasound a cavitation zone is created between two zinc

• is transported to a specially developed ultrasonic reactor, in which the nanoparticles are deposited on the textile. The nanoparticles are embedded into the fibres by the cavitation jets, which are formed by asymmetrically collapsing bubbles in the presence of a solid surface and are directed towards

• the surface of textile at very high velocities. Fabrics coated with ZnO nanoparticles by using the developed method showed good antibacterial activity against E. coli. Keywords: antibacterial textile; cavitation; electrical discharge in liquid; nanoparticle; ultrasound; Introduction Currently, the

Nanoscale particles in technological processes of beneficiation

• Sergey I. Popel,
• Vitaly V. Adushkin and
• Anatoly P. Golub'

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 458–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.53

• : Cavitation is a rather common and important effect in the processes of destruction of nano- and microscale particles in natural and technological processes. A possible cavitation disintegration of polymineral nano- and microparticles, which are placed into a liquid, as a result of the interaction of the

• particles with collapsed cavitation bubbles is considered. The emphasis is put on the cavitation processes on the interface between liquid and fine solid particles, which is suitable for the description of the real situations. Results: The results are illustrated for the minerals that are most abundant in

• gold ore. The bubbles are generated by shock loading of the liquid heated to the boiling temperature. Possibilities of cavitation separation of nano- and microscale monomineral fractions from polymineral nano- and microparticles and of the use of cavitation for beneficiation are demonstrated

Forming nanoparticles of water-soluble ionic molecules and embedding them into polymer and glass substrates

• Stella Kiel,
• Olga Grinberg,
• Nina Perkas,
• Jerome Charmet,
• Herbert Kepner and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 267–276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.30

• deposited on the substrates was discussed previously and related to the creation of microjets and shock waves as the after effects of acoustic cavitation [11][12]. In the previous studies performed by our group, the deposition of a large variety of nanoparticles on different types of substrates was achieved

• the alkali metals arose from the gas phase of the bubbles. The ions reached the hot center of the bubble by the flow of the liquid towards the center upon their collapse. In our case, cavitation occurs not only in pure liquid, but also in liquid near a solid surface (glass slides) and it was found