Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• ]. Polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and carbon-based structures such as carbon nanotubes are very promising when it comes to delivering drugs and genes to certain parts of the body [3]. Conversely, metallic nanoparticles such as gold and iron oxide, and fluorescent quantum dots have applications in

• and can be adjusted to emit different colors based on their size. This reason makes them ideal for simultaneously spotting and examining various biological environments, which aids both laboratory and clinical research [16]. Gold nanoparticles are also an essential group in this field. Optical

• properties of these particles are highly dependent on their size and shape. In a diagnostic test, these nanoparticles remarkably improve imaging contrast and even create noticeable color changes, which is useful in biosensors [17]. Gold nanoparticles were being used in certain COVID-19 test kits that change

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• including mono- and bimetallic NPs with distinctive structural features such as unique catalytic and plasmonic properties that cannot be achieved by conventional methods [13][14]. The latest review on gold-based NPs by PLAL discusses how laser parameters (e.g., wavelength, pulse duration, and fluence) and

• to a broader range of particle sizes compared to lower laser energy. Fujiwara et al. [32] also observed similar kind of features on thionicotinamide (TNA)-capped gold NPs irradiated at 532 nm (Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, 18 ps). TNA-capped gold NPs underwent fusion as well as fragmentation upon laser

• engineering, and energy storage. LFL can be applied to a wide range of materials, including metals such as gold, silver, or copper, semiconductors, and perovskites materials. The method is versatile enough to cater to the synthesis of NPs across different compositions, making it a valuable tool for

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• -volume ratio, enhancing sensitivity and functionalization capabilities. Baetsen-Young et al. used dextrin-capped gold nanoparticles (12 nm) with ssDNA to detect the presence of Pseudoperonospora cubensis DNA, where the results show the ability to detect 18 spores/µL crude extractions [11]. However, the

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• was operated using an RC5 Nanonis controller, with all experiments carried out in UHV (base pressure ≤5 × 10−11 mbar) cooled to 5 K. Gold and silver crystals (spl.eu) were prepared via repeated sputter–anneal cycles, sputtering under an argon pressure of ≈5 × 10−5 mbar, with a beam energy of 1.5 kV

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• as a strategy to discover new antibiotic drugs [13]. In this context, the gold(I) antirheumatic drug Auranofin (RidauraTM) [14] was evaluated for its antibacterial activity, exerting potent antimicrobial effect against multiresistant strains [15]. The promising antibacterial profile of auranofin

• oxygen species, ROS), exchange or release of ligands, abolition of key enzyme activities, disruption of membrane function, and damage of the bacterial DNA [20]. Despite the obvious advantages of metal-based over purely organic drugs, there are several potential limitations that must be overcome for gold

• control drug release, the nanoencapsulation of clotrimazole silver complex enhances and prolongs the antibacterial activity. Gold complexes Gold compounds have garnered significant attention in recent years for their diverse clinical applications. Widely recognized for their anti-rheumatic and anticancer

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• surface acts as scaffold for synthesis of nanoparticles [76]. The thiol groups are protonated at neutral pH and can entrap Au(III) ions. When the pH is changed to basic (≈12), Au(III) is reduced to Au and gold nanoparticles are formed [77]. Synthesis of albumin-templated nanomaterials depends upon many

• . RBC membrane was also conjugated with gold nanostars to control the release with near-infrared irradiation. Also, RBC and platelet hybrid membrane-coated gold nanostars achieved targeted delivery to melanoma cells while avoiding macrophage phagocytosis [129]. Although RBC-camouflage nanomedicines are

• holliday junction molecules, was demonstrated [155]. DNA tiles mimicking the holliday junction molecule structure were conjugated with gold nanoparticles and successfully used for the delivery of a neutral antisense oligonucleotide, morpholino, for silencing HER2 and ERα genes in breast cancer. Within gene

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• the nanocomposite to reduce potential environmental damage, such as those reported in the literature for some metal-decorated nanomaterials and their derivatives (silver, gold, copper, zinc, titanium, and silicon) that can be highly toxic to non-target organisms in the environment [18]. The

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• that this model produces good qualitative agreement with our 3D measurements of 60 nm gold nanospheres, but only if both β and δ for the complex refractive index n = 1 – δ + iβ of gold are included in the model. This shows that both absorption and phase properties of the specimen influence the acquired

• index [22] and so is well suited to the gold nanospheres that we use as test objects in this study. We therefore name our model the partially coherent Mie (pc-Mie) model. Second, we compare the theory for our model to the preceding two 3D models, providing a deeper understanding of the principles that

• underlie the different models. Third, we perform detailed qualitative comparisons of the different models’ predictions to the measured data from the gold nanosphere. This qualitative analysis demonstrates the importance of accounting for both β and δ in the sample’s refractive index, and it also identifies

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• reversibly alter the orientation of liquid crystals at room temperature. The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on the palladium/gold film results in the reduction of pre-adsorbed oxygen and the generation of adsorbed hydrogen. This process causes the nitrile-containing liquid crystal to undergo a change in

• or printing technique. Consequently, it will contribute greatly to the miniaturization of organic materials and devices, including computing, sensing, diodes, transistors, and optical switches. The nanoarchitectonics of objects such as gold nanorods can also be performed with the assistance of

• polymer chains. Having precise control over the spatial arrangement of gold nanorods presents substantial benefits in the creation of plasmonic systems. Achieving dynamic control over the spatial configuration of gold nanorods is often quite difficult. Ijiro, Mitomo, and colleagues have proposed a

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• were prepared using an ion milling system, HITACHI E-3500 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). To enhance conductivity, a 5 nm thick gold layer was sputtered onto all samples using a Cressington 108auto sputter coater (Cressington Scientific Instruments Ltd., Watford, UK). The structural analysis of each material

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• expected to hold from nanosecond pulse excitation, the absorbed energy by the laser pulse is converted into lattice temperature by taking the material heat capacity into account. Figure 6A shows the temperature of heated gold NPs as a function of the absorbed laser energy. Once the temperature reaches the

• heat capacity is temperature-dependent in simple metals [28] (and the scattering cross section decreases with temperature), the cooling of the electron gas tends to slow down with increasing excitation density [107]. A well-known case is gold with exceptionally weak electron–phonon coupling, such that

• normally considered to set in with electron thermalization with the lattice. Nevertheless, the hot electron gas can exert structural forces on the lattice even before thermalization. Gold or silver NPs in particular have displayed non-thermal effects upon excitation, such as directed fragmentation or near

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• and 3 nm for AEY. The TEY spectra were recorded by measuring the leakage current with a Keithley ammeter. The experimental data were normalized to the ring current and photon flux measured using a clean gold crystal. In the AEY spectra, emitted Auger electrons were measured using a PHOIBOS 150

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• measuring leakage current in total electron yield mode. The experimental data were normalized to the ring current and a photon flux measured using a clean gold crystal. The XPS spectra were measured at synchrotron radiation of 830 and 470 eV. After the XPS and NEXAFS measurements were completed, the samples

• chambers was carried out without breaking the vacuum. The energy scale was calibrated using the binding energy of the Au 4f7/2 component at 84.0 eV measured from a clean gold foil. The surface concentration of the elements was determined from the XPS survey spectra taking into account the photoelectron

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• FeS2 NPs in acetone where sedimentation or settling down of particles was noted within a few hours, which is primarily due to the lower colloidal stability in acetone as explained above, rather than being a direct consequence of the nanosecond ablation process. Pyrite (or fool’s gold) is one of the

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• performed at the ESCA Microscopy beamline 2.2L of Elettra Synchrotron Trieste facility, Italy. The incident photon energy of ≈740 eV was calibrated by means of Au f7/2 at 84.0 eV from a clean gold foil sample. To reduce the beam-induced effects on the samples, we recorded the high-energy-resolution spectra

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• molecule has higher absorption values than CBD. Multiphoton absorption has been discussed to be responsible for the 523 nm picosecond-LFL of polymer-capped gold nanoparticles [71]. Based on these findings, laser absorption cannot be the only reason for the elevated fragmentation efficiency in curcumin

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• amount of 100 µg) in the filtrate (Figure S3B, Supporting Information File 1). The DPPH scavenging assay reveals differences in TA antioxidant behavior. Free TA molecules in FLG suspension eliminated approximately 90% of free radicals, while FLG–TA films deposited on gold scavenged only 15% of the

• absolute ethanol. Finally, samples were dehydrated with hexamethylenedisilazane for 15 min and air-dried in a fume hood for 24 h and coated with a gold–palladium alloy using a Hummer JR sputtering device (Technics, CA, USA), creating a 12.5 nm thick gold layer (50 s at 20 mA sputter current). SEM

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs of APT-NPs were obtained on a JSM-6380A, Joel, Japan operating at a voltage of 10.0 kV. The specimens were mounted on a metallic stub with double-sided adhesive tape and gold-coated in an argon atmosphere prior to observation [28]. Drug excipient interaction

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• design offers a large surface area. They are biocompatible, lowering the possibility of negative immune responses, and are adaptable to the use as films, gels, or scaffolds for different kinds of wounds [169]. Materials such as gold nanoparticles, graphene oxide, and silicon nanostructures are frequently

• infected wounds. This composite contains short filaments of electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) fibers embedded with gold nanorods (AuNRs) and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone. The filaments are incorporated in a gelatin methacrylate/sodium alginate hydrogel scaffold. The AuNRs render

• can be classified as gold–polydopamine blackspheres (AuPBs), capable of absorbing NIR-II light and converting it into heat. These particles were incorporated into an electrospun film by combining poly(ʟ-lactic acid) (PLLA) with SF to obtain a PLLA-SF parallel films. The films had high strength and

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• biosensors for early diagnosis and improving the sensitivity of AβO detection. In imaging, nanoparticles (NPs) can help to visualize localized protein accumulation, complementing existing diagnostic methods. Materials such as carbon-based NMs (e.g., graphene oxide) and metal NPs (e.g., gold and silver

• improved associated neurotoxicity [52]. Shifting from imaging to electrochemical approaches, researchers have developed biosensors comprising immobilized thiolated PrPC peptides on a graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle hydrogel electrode. This nanobiosensor displayed high specificity and sensitivity for

• electrochemical detection of AβOs via a nanobiosensor consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in a conductive polymeric matrix. For this, the surface of the AuNPs was further modified with PrPc, which acted as the biorecognition element for the specific detection of AβOs in ex vivo real samples, viz

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• .16.42 Abstract An electrochemical biosensor based on modified carbon screen-printed electrodes was developed for the detection of hemagglutinin of influenza A H1N1 virus (H1). Gold nanoflowers were electrodeposited on the electrode to increase conductivity and surface area. The electrochemical signal

• was amplified by functionalization of the gold nanoflowers with 4-aminothiophenol, which resulted in a 100-fold decrease of the charge transfer resistance due to a tunneling effect. Subsequently, monoclonal antibodies against H1 were immobilized on the surface via covalent amide bond formation

• transducer system of our biosensor is based on low-cost carbon screen printed electrodes (CSPEs) modified with functionalized gold nanoflowers (AuNFs). The complex morphology and surface functionalization of the nanoparticles with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) significantly increased the surface area and the

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• of a granular deposit at the upper part of the pillar. Similar observations have been reported in a detailed previous study with a dimethyl(acetylacetonate)gold precursor and were attributed to the thermal decomposition of the precursor at the pillar apex due to local heating by energy implantation

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). Data were collected at a scan speed of 2°/min with a step size of 0.05°. SEM images were acquired using a FEI Nova NanoSEM 450 electron microscope. For this purpose, samples were mounted on holders and coated with a thin layer of gold prior to observation. Temperature-programmed

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• solution and compared the results with the aim of improving the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticle by LRL. The UV–visible absorption spectrum of the aqueous solution of gold chloride was measured every 5 s during laser irradiation to evaluate the progress of the reaction. Figure 1 shows the results of

• increased in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using LRL, the reduction reaction caused by laser irradiation does not sufficiently occur under the same laser irradiation conditions. The crystal growth progresses through equilibrium reactions with unreacted ions due to the self-catalytic effect of the

• peak at a wavelength of 300 nm derived from the gold chloride ion was observed (Figure 5a, green). This suggested that the nanoparticle synthesis reaction was not complete even after 30 min of laser irradiation. On the other hand, when 10 vol % glycerin was added, the absorption peak wavelengths of the

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34