Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• therapeutic payload and intestinal permeability [17]. PNs represent a viable strategy for overcoming GIT barriers in oral drug delivery. The polymeric composition allows for diverse and sophisticated designs, with primary advantages including the ability to control size, shape, and surface charge. Furthermore

• made PNs a topic of growing interest in light of their small size and unique physicochemical properties [22][23]. These systems offer advantages for drug delivery, including the ability to protect labile compounds, control release kinetics, improve drug solubility and stability, enhance oral

• control over site specificity and drug release [28]. The absorption of PNs depends on their size, surface characteristics, and morphology, which may exhibit distinct features, classifying them as either nanocapsules or nanospheres. Nanocapsules consist of an oily core where the drug is encapsulated

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• by exponential enrichment” (SELEX) technology, and their folded three-dimensional structure realizes high affinity and specific binding with targets; also, they have the advantages of relatively small molecular size, cost-effective production, broad target spectrum, and high adaptability for

• , this synergistic strategy presents a promising approach to circumvent chemotherapy resistance in cancer treatment. In general, DNA aptamers have higher thermal stability, RNA aptamers are richer in secondary structure, and peptide aptamers are smaller in size and easier to enter cells [29]. Furthermore

• aptamers in terms of global market share. However, the large size of antibodies (150–180 kDa, 15 nm), limited tissue permeability, expensive, time-consuming and laborious in vivo screening, and high immunogenicity [26] make it imperative to develop safe, effective, and simple ApDCs. Aptamer-functionalized

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• required to produce nanoemulsions with a uniform particle size and incorporated a co-surfactant to enhance the stability of the nanoformulation. A straightforward method was proposed, involving the dilution of the preformulation in an ophthalmic vehicle, followed by homogenization through ultrasonication

• , resulting in OphtNE-3.70% with a droplet diameter of 173 nm and a zeta potential of −44.7 mV. The addition of Kolliphor® HS15 in OphtNE-3.66%(K1%) initially reduced the droplet size to 70.8 nm and enhanced the antioxidant effect. Although the droplet size and polydispersity index increased after more than

• Rio de Janeiro (BCRJ)/ATCC (Brazil). RPMI Medium 1640 (code 31800022), fetal bovine serum (FBS, code 12657029), GlutaMAX (code 35050061), and penicillin–streptomycin (code 15140122) were purchased from GIBCOTM (Brazil). Methodological basis: lecithin structure and emulsification process Droplet size

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• . Furthermore, we apply synchrotron radiation-based nano-holotomography paired with DVC analysis to measure the axial dependent dimensional changes of cell size level tissue samples while shrinking. Finally, we compare measurements of the opening angle of pine cone scales with FEA models of different

• reconstructed using the GridRec algorithm [36] with a Shepp–Logan filter, implemented in TomoPy [37] with the P05 reconstruction pipeline. The resulting voxel size was 127 nm. Prior to the DVC analysis, some preprocessing was performed using FIJI (ver. 1.54f) [38]. Since the sample expanded in vertical

• were performed on the geometry with graded fiber size. In these simulations, the expansion coefficient of the brown tissue was set to the reciprocal of the minimum or maximum measured median strains (−5.8% and −10.5%, respectively) determined by DVC. Statistical analysis Data management, statistical

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• studies across a broad pressure range, enabling research in catalysis, corrosion, energy storage, and thin film growth. The high brilliance and small beam size of MAX IV’s synchrotron light are essential for pushing the time-resolution boundaries of APXPS, especially in the soft X-ray regime. We discuss

• permanently installed endstation dedicated to APXPS, that is, one for solid–gas experiments (SGE) and one primarily, but not limited to, for solid–liquid studies (SLE). The optics provide a spot size of 65 µm × 25 µm on the SGE and 60 µm × 50 µm on the SLE and a resolving power up to 35000. The SGE branch

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• bioactive compounds primarily extracted from plants. Among the most frequently identified natural products were ursolic acid, hyaluronic acid, and catechins. These bioactive compounds have been shown to promote cell cycle arrest, reduce tumor size, and exhibit synergistic effects with other anticancer

• compounds must have properties that contribute to a stable formulation, difficulty in controlling physicochemical characteristics, such as particle size, which can affect reproducibility and scalability, and problems related to rapid clearance and interaction with non-target tissues, mainly due to the

• CXCL9/10 expression in Schwann cells [114]. Particle size and stability of the formulation in the patent were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced uptake in HepG2 cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and achieved a

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• 165 nm and a positive zeta potential of 7.0 mV. After the addition of venom, the PLA nanoparticles loaded with T. serrulatus venom proteins remained with a narrow particle size distribution. Moreover, an increase in size of the particles occurred after the addition of the venom for both concentrations

• as the mean diameters of nanoparticles (Figure 2). Physical stability assay Distinct NPs with venom-loaded formulations were analyzed for particle size and PDI (Figure 3). The tracking was accomplished for 42 days (six weeks) and the formulations do not show significant differences in particle size

• on the particle size; thus, small particles have a larger surface area for dissolution, providing faster release kinetics [39]. Uniformity of particle size is also important for the stability of the formulation, as well as for the choice of administration route. The intravenous and intramuscular

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• estimated that, by 2060, the plastic waste generation could increase annually to 155–265 megatons. In spite of the continuous increase in the production of plastic, the rate of recycling remains low worldwide [1]. Microplastics (MPs) are tiny debris pertaining to plastic of size less than 5 mm. They are

• classified based on size, origin, and polymeric composition [2]. Morphologically, MPs appear as foam, beads, sheets, fragments, and fibres, with fibres being the most prevalent type, often originating from wastewater discharged by the textile industry. Based on their origin, MPs are divided into two groups

• key properties of nanoparticles include high surface area, extensive functionalization, high reactivity, and size-dependent characteristics. By leveraging these properties, water treatment methods can be refined at the nanoscale to selectively target pollutants [16][17]. This comprehensive review

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• GmbH, Ebersberg, Germany) with a mold size of 110 × 80 mm2, resulting in a laminate thickness of about 1.5 mm. The compression parameters were adjusted in preliminary tests to provide good results for molding of the two homogeneous materials (PP and PPGF) and were kept constant for the preparation of

• the GOM correlate software for DIC analysis (version 2018, GOM GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany). A facet size of 20 pixels and a point distance of 14 pixels was used for surface detection, using an image in the undeformed state as reference. The principal engineering strain in the direction of deformation

• elements) was chosen for the FE analysis. The quadratic elements were implemented to generate the mesh through the metamaterial geometry in order to obtain a better agreement in complex and difficult parts of the geometry, such as the sharp corners at the beam joints. The mesh size was chosen to have at

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• comparisons, anatase TiO2 nanowire arrays on metallic Ti foils were synthesized according to previous reports [18] and designated as Ti/NW-450 °C. Commercial Degussa P25 TiO2 nanoparticles were also loaded on Ti substrates 5 × 10 × 0.01 cm3 in size by repetitive dip coating in an ethanolic P25 slurry and

• Ultura DLD system (Kratos, UK), and the binding energies were calibrated to C 1s = 284.8 eV. The specific surface area and pore size were analyzed using low-temperature N2 adsorption–desorption measurements conducted with an ASAP 2460 (USA). The absorption spectrum of the sample was acquired through UV

• × 2 cm in size) was taken as working electrode, the Pt electrode as counter electrode (3 cm × 3 cm in size), and a saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode; the electrolyte is 0.5 mol/L aqueous Na2SO4 solution. No bias potential was applied for the photocurrent evaluations. Results and

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• material structure corresponded to a face-centered cubic crystal lattice (fcc). The size of the system in the first problem was small at 500 atoms (5 × 5 × 5 elementary crystal cells) and was due to the study of a similar system in [22]. The appearance of the modeled cobalt crystallite and the magnetic

• magnetization vector, the formation of domains of approximately the same size with antiparallel spin distribution was not observed. The predominant orientation of magnetic moments of cobalt atoms in a certain direction led to bursts and jumps in the values of individual components (x, y, z) of the magnetization

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• , repetition rate, and liquid composition. The parameters of the ablated target, such as its optical characteristics and conductivity/resistivity, might also have a pronounced impact on size and morphology of the produced NPs. As demonstrated in [12], femtosecond laser ablation of silicon with varying

• laser pulses. For example, laser beams with a donut shape were used for ablating gold, yttrium oxide, and high-entropy alloy targets in water. The donut beam enabled NP size reduction and narrower size distributions [28]. Application of femtosecond Bessel beams for the ablation of silver in a liquid was

• (axicon angle 7°), the annular profile was formed using a combination of the same axicon and a converging lens (f = 3 cm), and the Gaussian profile was formed using the same converging lens focusing the laser radiation on the surface of the Si target. To illustrate the size and energy distribution of

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• advantage of the solution-exposed carboxylate group of 3,4-DHBA to produce IONPs that are amenable to further functionalization using EDC coupling, without sacrificing the small particle size, which is critical for maintaining their magnetic properties [50] and increasing their half-life in the bloodstream

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• this progress. The use of nanomaterials has notably contributed to advancements in the fields of disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. They can closely interact with cells and molecules of the body due to their small size, which helps to diagnose, enhance imaging, and repair damaged tissues

• and can be adjusted to emit different colors based on their size. This reason makes them ideal for simultaneously spotting and examining various biological environments, which aids both laboratory and clinical research [16]. Gold nanoparticles are also an essential group in this field. Optical

• properties of these particles are highly dependent on their size and shape. In a diagnostic test, these nanoparticles remarkably improve imaging contrast and even create noticeable color changes, which is useful in biosensors [17]. Gold nanoparticles were being used in certain COVID-19 test kits that change

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• stability in addition to other benefits like tunable size and morphology, crystalline phases, new compounds and alloys, and defect engineering. These nanocolloids are useful for fabricating different devices mainly with applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, sensors, photodetectors, surface-enhanced

• [12]. The size, shape, and composition of these nanomaterials can be controlled by adjusting experimental parameters such as laser settings, liquid medium, and target material. Additionally, the preparation of doped and multicomponent semiconductor nanostructures could expand LAL’s potential in

• examples of nanoparticle synthesis by laser ablation were discussed [7]. They have clearly depicted how the properties of the nanoparticles (NPs) depend strongly on size, shape, and size uniformity. Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) is a promising method for producing pristine and supported materials

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• AgNPrs. Optimal conversion was observed after 72 h of irradiation, producing well-defined AgNPrs with an average size of 78 nm. The SERS activity of the AgNPrs was evaluated using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as a probe molecule. Compared to spherical AgNPs, AgNPrs exhibited a significantly higher SERS

• spectra of the AgNPs seed shown in the Figure 1a displayed a single peak at 400 nm, indicating the presence of spherical silver nanoparticles with small sizes, consistent with studies in the literature [4][6][7]. The sample exhibited the characteristic yellow color of AgNPs. The TEM image and size

• distribution in the Figure 1b,c showed that the seed predominantly contained spherical silver nanoparticles with a size of approximately 10 nm, in agreement with the UV–vis spectrum result. Manufacturing of AgNPrs AgNPrs were synthesized in two steps, that is, (i) synthesis of AgNPs as seeds and (ii

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• . Additionally, three-dimensional graphene oxide has shown adsorption capacities of up to 617.28 mg·g−1 for polystyrene MPs of 5 µm in size [13][14]. The integration of adsorbents with appropriate treatment models has further enhanced removal efficiency. For instance, coal gasification slag-based adsorbents

• in terms of enzyme activity [22][25], existing studies did not comprehensively assess MP removal efficiencies across different size ranges in aqueous environments, nor have they extensively evaluated the broader impact of MP contamination on soil ecosystems using BC. The role of modified BC

• stronger collaborative patterns. The trend analysis identified thematic clusters, research hotspots, and emerging frontiers, offering a comprehensive understanding of the field’s development. In the knowledge mapping process, the node size represents the frequency of references or citations, while edge

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• recent years due to their unique characteristics and size. Manufacturing steps, cost, and other shortcomings limit the widespread use and commercialization of nanoscale electrodes. In this work, a nano-size electrode fabricated by directed electrochemical nanowire assembly and parylene-C insulation is

• due to their compact size, biocompatibility, and rapid fabrication. Keywords: biosensor; directed electrochemical nanowire assembly (DENA); dopamine; glucose; nanoelectrode; platinum; Introduction Electrodes, a tool used in all walks of life today, were first demonstrated by Max Cremer in 1906 [1

• , and cell oxidative stress [10]. Another important class of biosensors relies on metal nanoparticles, as metals have long served as some of the earliest and most widely utilized materials in biosensor development. Like CNTs, nanoscale metal particles benefit from their small size and high surface-to

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• unchanged, leading to no significant differences in the transport properties of the membranes. The consistent pore size and structure ensure that the water flux and salt rejection rates remain similar across the modified and unmodified membranes. The combined effects of these factors result in minimal

• activity of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of the Ag@PCTA film. It is evident despite a decrease in nano Ag dosage from 0.05 mol·L−1 to 0.02 mol·L−1 (from III to IV in Figure 6), the size of the inhibitory ring remains almost unchanged, highlighting the robust antibacterial performance of the Ag@PCTA

• spreading 25 µL bacterial liquid on each plate. The sterilized membranes were then placed on the top of the plate containing the attached bacterial strain and then incubated at 28 °C for 24 h. The antibacterial efficacy of each membrane was assessed by measuring the size of the inhibition zone against

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• delivery mechanism are broadly categorized into passive and active targeting [38]. Passive targeting is controlled by size, charge, and composition of the nanoparticle, which influences the localization, cell penetration, and release of the drug as physicochemical features of pathogenic tissues facilitate

• , significantly expanding their applications [58]. The structure of liposomes can vary, with unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles being the two main forms, offering flexibility in the types of drugs they can deliver. In addition, size, surface charge, and lipid composition of these nanoparticles can be tailored

• ]. Dendrimers, with their hyperbranched structures, can be precisely controlled for size, shape, and surface chemistry, allowing for highly targeted delivery of anti-biofilms drugs or nucleic acids [81][82]. Polymeric NPs offer several advantages, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and stability

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• [109]. The synthesis and characterization of liposomes are crucial steps to ensure their efficacy and safety as drug delivery systems [110]. 3.1 Design and engineering of liposomes Numerous liposome preparation methods affect their properties, including size, layer structure, and encapsulation

• allow for better control of liposome size, lamellarity, and drug loading. For example, microfluidics, membrane contactors, and pressure-controlled processes can improve EE, reduce organic solvent residues, and improve scalability and reproducibility [111][112][113]. The most commonly used synthesis

• have been used for various therapeutic agents, including antibiotics, analgesics, and anticancer drugs [114]. Microfluidics enables the production of liposomes with precise control over size, composition, and EE. Microfluidics-based methods can produce liposomes with uniform size, which is critical for

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• quality, and subsets as small as 30 images have been reported sufficient in some cases [22][23]. Nonetheless, we analyzed the dependence of the model prediction quality on the training set size (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6 and Table S1). Given the varying quality of our videos

• consistency between the two approaches. Statistical testing (Table 1) supports this: While one instance of growth rate comparison (Figure 4a) yielded a statistically significant difference (p = 0.026), the associated effect size was small (d = 0.213), indicating only a minor practical difference. All other

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• 20 µm. It involved a meticulous process to fine-tune laser parameters such as power, speed, and step size to attain the desired LIPSS pattern. Each incident wavelength required creating samples with varying scanning speeds, specifically, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.5 mm/s, with the input laser beam power

• best ladder-like structures over a large area. The size of the sample that one can make is limited by the scanning range of the three axis stages. Electrolytic etching The cross-sectional area of the laser-treated stainless steel samples underwent thorough polishing across their thickness using various

• . The optimization regarding LIPSS was performed by varying the scanning speed and the step size between the consecutive lines to generate large-area LIPSS for each irradiation wavelength. Effect of scanning speed The comparative analysis of LSFL and HSFL spatial periodicity with varying numbers of

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• optimize its conversion to BiVO4. By systematically adjusting the deposition current density and vanadium precursor concentration, we achieved fine control over the crystallinity, grain size, porosity, and optical properties of the resulting films. This level of tunability leads to substantial improvements

• kinetics. The average crystallite size (grain size) of the BiVO4 films was estimated using the Scherrer equation based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (121) diffraction peak. The Scherrer equation to calculate average crystallite size (grain size) [24][25] is where λ is the X-ray wavelength

• , θ is the Bragg angle in radians, β is the full width at half maximum of the peak in radians, D is the particle size, and k is a constant with a value of 0.9. As shown in Table 1, an increase in the deposition current and VO(acac)2 concentration led to narrower peak widths and larger crystallite

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• determined the hydrophilic–lipophilic equilibrium ratio of the nanoemulsion. It was shown to have an adequate droplet size (173.60 nm) with excellent homogeneity (polydispersity index 0.200). The anti-inflammatory activity of the nanoemulsion was evaluated by the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Finally

• ]. Despite these variations, the compositional profiles remain comparable, underscoring the distinctive chemical characteristics of the oil studied. Preparation of nanoemulsions, required hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, droplet size, zeta potential, and shelf stability The development of a nanoemulsion

• requires the determination of key formulation parameters, including the required hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLBr), droplet size, and polydispersity index (PDI) [42][43][44]. In this study, the Acrocomia aculeata oil nanoemulsion (AANE) exhibited a uniform droplet size distribution and a stable PDI