Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• the ionic strength of the added salts and the obtained gold particle size (Figure 2). The surface oxidation increased with the anion’s surface charge density until a plateau of around 60% was reached. A further increase in ionic strength showed no change in surface oxidation, which was attributed to

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• majority of NPs for NDD delivery in this database is in the range of 70–115 nm. Recently, Chithrani et al. [91] have demonstrated that size, coating, and surface charge of nanoparticles have a crucial impact on the intracellular uptake process. Similarly, Shilo et al. have investigated the influence of NP

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• , nanoparticles can easily agglomerate into particles with larger diameter. Upon intake by organisms, depending on the pH value, these agglomerations disintegrate again becoming a source for toxins in the body [8]. The formation of agglomerated NPs depends upon the surface charge of the NPs, which is believed to

• stabilize and prevent agglomeration of NPs. As no experimental techniques are available to measure the surface charge directly, its value is measured through the zeta potential (ζ) in a given medium [9]. Zeta potential is the electrostatic potential at the electrical double layer surrounding the NPs in

• protein corona. The formation of a protein corona on the surface of NPs, which influences the interaction with cell membranes or proteins, is also associated with zeta potential and surface charge. Very limited studies have reported the influence of zeta potential, surface charge, hydrophobicity, and

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• modulate the chemical environment in which the polymerization occurs [57]. Consequently, pH alterations may induce changes in the surface charge of the nanoparticles. This could profoundly affect the drug binding capacity of the nanoparticles and implies that the nanoparticles may exhibit varying

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• delivery specific to macrophage targets, such as ᴅ-mannose, phosphatidylserine, or lactoferrin. This may reduce the drug resistance of the parasite in the long term. Furthermore, the surface charge of nanostructures may influence internalization since positive charges favor electrostatic interactions of

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• examining the characteristics of nanoparticles used for drug delivery, one can see that some are better understood then others. The size of nanoparticles, for example, is shown to play an important role in tissue or mucus penetration [8] and in cellular uptake [9]. Also surface charge and chemical

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• HSA-MPs reflects the negative charge of the albumin biopolymers [26]. In fact, in the cationic HSA-MPs with negative charges, CUR loading did not alter the zeta potential of CUR-HSA-MPs. Furthermore, particles with negative surface charge exhibit the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• surface charge [36][37]. Surface modification strategies include, for example, adsorption, covalent conjugation, and biotin–avidin interaction, which will be discussed below in detail with examples. Adsorption Adsorption of antibodies on the surface of NPs is a non-covalent reversible binding method

• properties by reducing surface charge and availability of conjugated molecules on the NPs, which results in a reduction of targeting capacity from 70% to 7%. However, HAS-incubated NPs exhibited increased interaction between targeting molecule and ligand, boosting the targeting capacity of Afb-conjugated NPs

• through the antibodies [94]. Additionally, these targeted NPs internalize the chemotherapeutics precisely into tumor cells with minimal drug leakage and also provide protection from degradation and elimination [95]. The controlled size and surface charge of NPs avoid the rapid renal clearance of the NPs

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• high-negative ζ values may impede cellular uptake [40]. On the other hand, it was observed that the nanoparticulated systems remained stable after six months with no precipitation. This suggests that in this case the stabilization is not achieved by means of surface charge alone, but also by the steric

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• particles possibly results in surface charge redistribution and generates interfacial polarization effects (Figure 7c). Liao et al. [39] reported a kind of multiphase nanocomposite (Co/ZnO/C) with porous structure for EM absorption. The best RLmin value of this material was −52.6 dB at a thickness of 3 mm

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• surface charge (ca. −11 mV). The drug encapsulation efficiencies were higher than 98%, although loadings were not enough to achieve therapeutic concentrations. The GAL release from the nanoparticles was slower than that from aqueous GAL solutions and surfactant micelles. Viabilities of HeLa and SH-SY5Y

• /(ricinoleamidopropyltrimonium methosulfate/Kolliphor® EL)/4% PLGA in ethyl acetate [61]. The nanoparticles displayed a hydrodynamic diameter of ca. 125 nm for an O/S ratio of 70/30, and the size increased with the O/S ratio. The surface charge can be tuned by changing the cationic/nonionic surfactant ratio, that is, the

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• [18][19][20][21][22][23]. NPs exhibit unique physicochemical properties that enable them to overcome biological barriers, such as negative surface charge and sizes from 5 to 50 nm. Moreover, most of the administered NPs eventually end up in the bloodstream, which facilitates their interaction with the

• effectiveness of NanoEL closely depends on the physicochemical properties of the NPs such as size, shape, density, and surface charge [12][19][20][21]. Moreover, it is worth to mention that the biological effects of NPs to endothelial cells also depend on the microenvironments. The adhesion of proteins and/or

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• surface charge, low carrier density, small electron effective mass, long electron mean free path, and extremely low band overlap energy, bismuth can transition from a semimetal to a semiconductor by shrinking its crystallite size [25][71][72][73][74][75][76][77]. To hasten the separation of photogenerated

• function excellently at all pH values. For instance, electrostatic repulsion may reduce the effectiveness of the degradation process if the photocatalytic experiment is carried out at a pH value at which photocatalyst and pollutant species have the same surface charge. For instance, lower removal

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• with NH3, the SiBP produces smaller and more uniformly distributed submicrometer particles. The SiBP also improves the long-range self-assembly of the as-grown particles into an opal-like structure by changing the surface charge, without any need for further modification or processing of the particles

• the particles through a capping agent-like effect. (3) The SiBP can increase the efficiency of the self-assembly by modifying the net surface charge of the particle. To test these hypotheses, we have synthesized SiO2 particles with the Stöber method using the SiBP as the only catalyst or in

• combination with NH3. The reaction kinetics were monitored via measuring the optical density (OD) with UV–vis spectroscopy and the conversion of substrate via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Size and net surface charge distribution of the particles were determined with dynamic light

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• delivery to the liver are: (i) DLin-MC3-DMA (an ionizable cationic lipid that contains amine functions with an acid dissociation constant of ca. 6.5, neutral at physiological pH and relatively non-toxic and non-immunogenic because of a low surface charge in the physiological environment), (ii) distearoyl

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• between a metal tip and a semiconductor surface, a surface potential is generated on the semiconductor surface, resulting in, for example, surface charge accumulation, depletion, and inversion states. The relationship between this surface charge and the electrostatic force between the tip and the sample

• have been performed on a variety of sample surfaces, including metals [9][10], semiconductors [11][12][13][14], and insulators [15][16][17]. When a semiconductor sample is measured by KPFM, the measured CPD is related to information about the semiconductor properties such as dopant density, surface

• charge, band bending, and interface state density [18]. In particular, previous studies of silicon substrates with different impurity concentrations measured by KPFM have shown that when the impurity concentration is very high (>1016 cm−3), surface band bending occurs, and the measured CPD approaches

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• commercially available antibiotics. The main parameters that determine the antibacterial action of CQDs are generation of reactive oxygen species, cytoplasm leakage due to DNA binding, and gene expression modulation [28]. In addition, the CQD surface charge affects very much the antibacterial activity of CQDs

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• is strongly affected by the surface charge. The point of zero charge (PZC) is defined as the pH value at which the catalyst exhibits a net zero surface charge. At pH values below the PZC, the surface of the catalyst is protonated and has a positive net surface charge. In turn, the net surface charge

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• -PLGA NPs had positive surface charge with CS coating. The formulations have the potential to deliver the encapsulated drug to the bowel according to the in vitro release studies in three different simulated GIT fluids for approximately 72 h. Mucin interaction and penetration into the artificial mucus

• colonic microflora. It has been reported that nanoparticles prepared with polymers such as chitosan, whose surface charge is positive, remain longer in the mucus due to electrostatic interaction with the negative charge of the aqueous mucin layer [15][29][30][31]. Docetaxel (DCX) is obtained semi

• into the nanoparticles as a model anticancer agent. CS coating was used to impart positive surface charge to negatively charged PLGA nanoparticles and to increase their interaction in the intestinal lumen. To date, an orally applicable and effective treatment approach to colon tumors has not been

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• a Shimadzu TOC-L CSH analyser. The surface area and pore characteristics were characterized by a Micromeritics (3FLEX 3500) gas sorption analyser. The surface charge was analysed through a Zeta-Meter 4.0 (Zeta-Meter, Inc, USA). The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments were performed by

• charge is an important parameter which governs the adsorption of the pollutant moiety over the photocatalyst. Thus, it becomes very important to study the variation of surface charge of the MBN-80. The variation of surface charge over MBN-80 in terms of pH value and isoelectric point of the solution was

• attributed to the unpaired electrons. The MBN-80 sample shows the highest EPR spin intensity, meaning greater concentration of unpaired electrons along with higher electron delocalization which are highly favourable towards enhanced separation and generation of charge carriers [26][27]. Additionally, surface

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• occurs when a liquid is in contact with a solid with a surface charge. This interaction is mainly dominated by the electric double layer (EDL), which consists of a layer of ions (Stern layer) that is tightly adsorbed to the charged surface and a layer of counter ions (diffusion layer) that is attracted

• 4.0. (b, c) Cross-sectional SEM images of a Ni–Al LDH film. Figure 4b and 4c were adapted from [52]. This article was published in Nano Energy, vol. 70, by J. Tian; Y. Zang; J. Sun; J. Qu; F. Gao; G. Liang, “Surface charge density-dependent performance of Ni–Al layered double hydroxide-based flexible

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• (Figure 6b). The bandgap energy of synthesized ZnO was 3.15 eV, which is close to the bandgap value of 3.2 eV of ZnO shown in a previous report [33]. The zeta potential value displays the surface charge and stability of ZnO NPs. In this study, the zeta potential of ZnO NPs was −19 mV (Figure 7

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• not allow good and sufficient cell attachment necessary for tissue engineering applications. However, several independent studies showed that the materials made of the positively charged eADF4(κ16) variant enabled partial cell adhesion due to the positive surface charge derived from lysine residues in

• the primary amino acid sequence [150][162][163]. Since cells expose many negatively charged molecules on their cellular surface, charge modification is often used to guide cellular interaction [164][165][166]. In the example of the recombinant 4RepCT spider silk, several charged amino acid residues in

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• optimal treatment. Therefore, the characteristics of nanoparticles regarding mechanical properties, size, surface charge, surface composition, and degradation and drug release mechanisms must be considered during formulation development [1]. Except for the mechanical properties, the research activities do

• macromolecules, such as proteins [12] and peptides [13], or in the field of gene delivery [14]. The surface charge of gelatin nanoparticles at physiological pH can be easily influenced by the choice of gelatin type [15]. Crosslinking of gelatin nanoparticles is still inevitable to obtain particles that are

• polydispersity index (PdI) from 0.075 to 0.115, indicating a narrow size distribution. Crosslinking for 15 min did not result in stable particles with uniform colloidal properties. The surface charge of gelatin nanoparticles is clearly pH-dependent. At a pH value of 7.5 ± 0.1, the zeta potential values ranged

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• varied from 0.233 to 0.258 at 25 °C and from 0.233 to 0.289 at 37 °C within the tested pH range from 4 to 7.4. Therefore, we assumed that the dependence of DH of Nα-Lys-NG nanogel on the pH could be significantly distorted. The surface charge analysis showed that Nα-Lys-NG nanogel was more anionic in