Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• self-assembly of monomers into micelles with a hydrophobic core of polypropylene oxide (PPO) and a hydrophilic corona of polyethylene oxide (PEO), creating an environment suitable for the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs such as PpIX [15]. These micelles enhance drug solubility, protect against

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• significant advancement, vector management remains the primary strategy for preventing these urban arboviruses. In this context, the development of pesticides that offer safer alternatives for the environment and human health has become urgent. In this study, a chitosan-based nanocomposite was developed as a

• investment of 16.9 million Brazilian reais in 2023 [4], the development of resistance by this vector to regularly used larvicides, which impact other organisms beneficial to the environment while presenting risks of poisoning to humans who handle them, is rampant. The adoption of new biotechnological tools

• the nanocomposite to reduce potential environmental damage, such as those reported in the literature for some metal-decorated nanomaterials and their derivatives (silver, gold, copper, zinc, titanium, and silicon) that can be highly toxic to non-target organisms in the environment [18]. The

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• pronounced bandgap narrowing and enhanced visible light absorption. This anisotropic behavior is consistent with theoretical and experimental studies on nanotube systems, where adsorption-induced optical changes are highly dependent on molecular orientation and the local electronic environment [74]. The

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• were conducted into its adsorption properties. A significant accident at a nuclear facility can result in the release of substantial amounts of radioactive cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) into the environment [19][20]. The development of a method for reducing the volume of these radioactive waste is

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• . Although applying US to the environment is a noninvasive mechanical stimulation, it may still cause acoustic streaming, acoustic microstreaming, and cavitation. This mechanical effect may cause fluid flow in the extracellular environment, creating temporary membrane deformation and tension on osteoblasts

• for cellular processes that are essential for bone repair and regeneration, which could explain the superior performance of hBNs in promoting osteoblast migration compared to that of BaTiO3 under US exposure. This suggests that the combination of hBNs and US may provide a more favorable environment

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• as biomedical applications [15][16][17][18][19][20], but also extends to functional material systems that address issues such as energy [21][22][23][24][25] and environment [26][27][28][29][30]. The creation of such soft functional materials has been fostered alongside the advancement of science

• provides an optimal environment for membrane or membrane-associated proteins, thus paving the way for new bio-nanoarchitected devices. In particular, they can serve as electroactive components in sensing and energy devices. Furthermore, a unit-by-unit construction on solid surfaces to form end-on polymer

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• , we describe structural pathways for particle generation, fragmentation, and energy coupling to the liquid environment to establish a mechanistic knowledge of fundamental and applied processes. The first chapter entitled “Ultrafast light–matter interaction directly observed via single-pulse, single

• dynamic behavior of the surrounding liquid environment. The liquid medium not only mediates energy transfer but also plays a crucial role in influencing NP generation mechanisms, shock wave propagation, and bubble dynamics. Understanding the liquid dynamics is therefore essential for optimizing process

• parameters, improving reproducibility, and tailoring material properties for specific applications. Ultrafast optical techniques such as transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) [84][85][86][87] have been applied to investigate the influence of the liquid environment on the energy relaxation processes of

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• local environment. The similarities between the nanopipette in the measurement setup and the microtubules in the cellular context are discussed as the basis for the hypothesis. Keywords: HeLa; metabolically active; mitochondria; morphodynamics; scanning ion conductance microscopy; Introduction

• . One of these effects appears to be associated to the dynamics of the mitochondria’s morphology (in the following referred to as morphodynamics, cf. [6]) and their contact with the measurement environment. Finally, we propose hypotheses to explain the observed effects. Results Viability of the

• significant advance in imaging metabolically active organelles in their native environment with nanometer-scale resolution. The outer mitochondrial membrane appears largely “featureless” and smooth in these measurements. No detectable signatures of porins or other integral membrane proteins, which are present

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• reduction of Ag is extremely hazardous and can be dangerous to humans and the environment [17]. Hence, safer nontoxic methods for the production of AgNPs are in high demand. Green chemistry emphasizes the use of nontoxic chemicals and production pathways for environmental safety. Motivated by these

• groups which give them remarkable chemical and photophysical features, such as photostability, minimal toxicity, and tunable luminescence [18][19]. A significant number of studies has been carried out for developing CDs from inexpensive natural resources in many ways, which are also environment friendly

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• , resulting in the development of a thin sp² carbon layer over the entire surface of the sample. The chemical state of nickel in the annealed Ni-PCD film was elucidated using XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy to probe the local environment of metal atoms on the surface and inside the bulk (Figure 3). The XPS Ni 3p

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• accompanied by toxic solvents and gases, influencing the environment and people’s health. One of the most significant current discussions in water electrolysis is finding green methods to prepare high-efficiency electrocatalysts. Thus, vacuum physical techniques have gained considerable attention in

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• irradiation of the target material submerged in a liquid environment. This makes PLAL a safe, scalable and environmentally friendly approach [46][47][48]. Research on the synthesis of CoCrFeMnNi Cantor alloy NPs by PLAL demonstrated that this method consistently produces NPs with near-equiatomic compositions

• weight ratio of 20:1 with a rotation speed of sun disk/jars 700 rpm/1400 rpm. In the second step, the HEBM powders were consolidated using SPS (Dr. Sinter Lab – Fuji Electronic Industrial Co. Ltd.) in a vacuum environment. The powder mixture was loaded into a cylindrical graphite die with an inner

• powder was compressed at 100 MPa to produce cylindrical pellets of 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness (middle panel, Figure 1b). Finally, the samples underwent heat treatment in a near-vacuum environment (down to 10 mbar) at 600 °C for seven days, followed by rapid quenching in water. This procedure

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• cell content includes about 70–95% water that creates an aqueous environment for biological processes. Water molecules are bound to biomolecular surfaces and participate in the structuring and functioning of biomolecules, typically the folding of protein and the twisting of the double helix of

• antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus (the positive control was the antibiotic penicillin). Inhibition zone assays were used to evaluate antibiofilm properties of uncoated and coated plastic films [14][25]. Coating stability of plastic films in an environment simulating aqueous food was tested

• environment and quickly settled down. Stacked agglomerates of GO-SG-ZH powder at the bottom of the dispersion were observed in the micrograph of Figure 6c, while the micrograph of the dispersion of GO-SG-ZH hydrogel showed the absence of stacked structures. In Figure 6d, UV–vis spectra of aqueous dispersions

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• related to FeS2 [3]. Pyrite has shown outstanding performance and a long shelf life as a high-capacity cathode and has been utilized in batteries [4]. Pyrite has also been identified as a promising material for effectively removing environmental contaminants in the environment near the surface of the

• . Sufurization of films For this experiment, FDMF was drop-casted onto FTO substrates (2.5 × 2 × 0.1 cm) and the film was annealed for 1 h at 300 °C in a sulfur environment. In a semi-cylindrical glass container (12 × 2.5 cm), 5 mg of sulfur powder was added, and samples were maintained closely to the powder

• surrounding liquid results in a cavitation bubble which is a thin layer of vapor of the surrounding liquid, as well as some material evaporating from the target. Some of the crucial elements influencing the formation of the cavitation bubble are the liquid environment, a stronger confinement of the plasma

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• is constant and equal to 0.6 eV, it was concluded that this is a reflection of the spin–orbit splitting of the Si 2p spectrum into 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 lines [94]. Peaks II are widely described in the literature and are assigned to Si ions in the environment of four oxygen ions, so SiO2 [95][96][97

• valency of the Si ions is four, some parts of the silicon atoms have an environment other than just oxygen. It appears impossible to determine what other atoms besides oxygen may be bonded to the Si atom to meet the bonding requirements, and only some suggestions may be made. Based on [99], it could be

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• investigates interfaces made by dry transfer of CrCl3 flakes in an atmospheric environment. Cl vacancies and the formation of O/CrCl3 are induced, serving as dissociation centers that facilitate the migration of Cl vacancies between the top and bottom surfaces. By manipulating 2D atomic layers via surface

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• delivery efficiency, it is becoming increasingly clear that the in vivo environment to which the nanoparticles will be exposed should be considered during LNP development. Nevertheless, the initial screening of nanoparticles in vitro is often restricted to experiments using tissue culture media

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• involves van der Waals forces, which primarily represent electrostatic interactions. Notably, TC is an aromatic organic compound with an amino group that can accept protons (H+) from the environment, acquiring a positive charge. The CMC network within PGC includes oxygen-containing functional groups (‒OH

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• reduce inflammation, control infection, maintain a moist environment, promote cell growth, deliver bioactive molecules, and reduce scar formation throughout the wound healing process as shown in Figure 2B [72]. Although various materials can be used as effective dermal substitutes, this study focuses on

• mechanical capabilities, while improving blood clotting as demonstrated by reduced whole blood coagulation time. This study also indicated a sustained release of CHD over 8 h, with a faster drug release rate in an acidic environment. These properties highlight the dressing’s potential for effective

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• equivalence ratio of 1.80. As expected, there is large number of CNFs present in the sample, as shown in Figure 8. The fraction of amorphous carbon in this sample is much smaller than that in Figure 7. The flame at 1.80 equivalence ratio ensures a suitable environment for carbon deposition. At higher fuel

• higher-temperature environment, which accelerates the breakdown of hydrocarbon molecules into free carbon atoms. The carbon atoms, in the absence of efficient catalytic activity, aggregate to form amorphous carbon rather than ordered structures such as CNFs as shown in Figure 7a. In contrast, at an

• equivalence ratio of 1.80, despite a higher carbon supply rate, the lower temperature does not sufficiently drive the decomposition reaction, thus providing a more conducive environment for the growth of ordered carbon structures as shown in Figure 8a [30]. The Raman spectra in Figure 9 show the ID and IG

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• specificity allow for efficient capture even at low concentrations, crucial in the complex biological environment of the brain. Recent advancements in immunoassay technology have led to the development of ultrasensitive methods for detecting Aβ-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs) and AβOs. A novel immunoassay

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• environment) or μN (i.e., a N-rich environment). To determine the chemical potential of nitrogen in N-rich environments, we utilize either the N2 molecule (whereby and μB = μBN − μN) or the NH3 molecule (in this case, and μB = μBN − μN). In boron-rich environments, the BH3 molecule is employed to determine

• values, the transition from a B-rich to a N-rich environment has a small effect on the formation energy of the two most stable porous h-BN structures. These structures remain significantly more energetically stable than the other triangular porous h-BN monolayers. The adsorption energy, Eads, was

• typically observed at lower temperatures. The incorporation of B–H or B–OH moieties at the vertices of triangular pores results in a significant reduction in formation energies. The decrease in energy per atom ranges from −1.230 to −0.525 eV, depending on the chemical environment (B-rich or N-rich, defined

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• for various applications in photovoltaics, sensors, optoelectronics, and electronic devices. In the present work, Mo thin films with varying thickness of 150, 200, 250, and 300 nm were deposited on Si(100) substrates using radio frequency (RF) sputtering in an argon environment at ambient temperature

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• exploring optimal parameters to achieve stable and intense beam currents. The cost-effectiveness and versatility of this ion source make it particularly noteworthy, offering a practical solution for generating reasonable beam currents. The ion source operates within an ultrahigh-vacuum environment

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• stability in the bloodstream and enabled the controlled release of MALAT1 ASO in the brain’s reductive environment. As a result, significant knockdown of targeted long non-coding RNA was observed in key brain regions, including the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, after a single intravenous administration