Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• need of extrinsic dopants to access devices with lower resistivity. In previous studies, the resistivity of germanane was reduced through the incorporation of phosphorus only when activated in the presence of atmospheric water [29]. Recently [30], undoped germanane field-effect transistors were

• lattice of the CaGe2 precursor [29][31]. Providing that these elements are retained in the germanium framework after the topotactic deintercalation process, the effect on the electronic transport behavior of GeH should be appreciable. Having previously grown phosphorus-doped GeH (P:GeH) [29] using this

• P:GeH [29], H2O-containing atmospheres are necessary to activate the phosphorus (group 15) dopants. For Ga:GeH, the presence of atmospheric water, while significantly increasing conductivity, also introduces a significantly non-linear behavior in the I–V plots, suggesting that H2O plays an additional

Two-dimensional silicon and carbon monochalcogenides with the structure of phosphorene

• Dario Rocca,
• Ali Abboud,
• Ganapathy Vaitheeswaran and
• Sébastien Lebègue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1338–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.135

• electronic structure that are markedly different from those of graphene, with, for instance, the existence of a finite bandgap in the band structure [5]. One of the latest newcomers in the family of two-dimensional materials is phosphorene [6][7][8][9], which corresponds to a single layer of black phosphorus

• [10][11], one of the many phases of crystalline phosphorus. Among other properties [12][13][14][15], the values of the carrier mobility and of the on–off ratio of transistors made from phosphorene are intermediate between the values of graphene and those of transition metal dichalcogenides, making

• phosphorous [33]. Within this system each phosphorus atom is covalently bonded with three adjacent phosphorus atoms to form a puckered honeycomb structure [33][34] (Figure 1a). For the sake of simplicity this phosphorene monolayer will be denoted as “experimental structure”. Upon optimization at the PBE level

Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives

• Kamila Żelechowska,
• Marta Prześniak-Welenc,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Izabela Kondratowicz and
• Tadeusz Miruszewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1094–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.111

• simultaneous reduction to produce phosphonated reduced graphene oxide in a novel, fully scalable, one-pot method. The phosphonic derivative of graphene was obtained through the reaction of graphene oxide with phosphorus trichloride in water. The newly synthesized reduced graphene oxide derivative was fully

• described a ball milling process to efficiently functionalize and exfoliate pristine graphite directly into graphene phosphonic acid. In the first step, graphite is ball-milled for 48 h with red phosphorus to produce a derivative that is edge-functionalized with phosphorus. Then, upon exposure to air

• retardation [4][11], catalysis [12], tissue engineering [13], and purification air and water [6][14]. Results and Discussion The phosphonic derivative of graphene (GO-P) was obtained through the reaction of GO with phosphorus trichloride in water. Phosphorous trichloride reacts with water to produce

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• corresponding phosphine derivatives and applied one of the materials produced as heterogeneous organocatalyst in a Staudinger ligation reaction. Keywords: azides; click chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis; organocatalysis; phosphorus; Introduction The term of carbon nanomaterial (CNMs) comprises many different

• 12 was confirmed by the signal at 2118 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra (see Supporting Information File 1, Figures S9 and S10). The ICP-AES was used to determine the amount of phosphorus in the complex matrix. The samples were previously mineralized by treatment with nitric acid and a hydrogen peroxide

• phosphorus-phosphorus, trichlorosilane mediated oxygen transfer protocol, developed by Hamilton [16] and Wu [36], was used with compound 6 (Scheme 4). The reaction was carried out in a Pyrex tube, heating for 48 h, a degassed solvent solution of compound 6, trichlorosilane and triethyl phosphite as final

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• Chao Yan Qianru Liu Jianzhi Gao Zhibo Yang Deyan He School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an 710119, China School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 10.3762/bjnano.8.24 Abstract Heavy-phosphorus-doped silicon anodes

• performance for Si-based anodes. In this work, we prepared heavy-phosphorus-doped silicon anodes on CuO nanorods for high power LIBs. In our experiments, once the voltage cut-off window was set in the range that only covers the discharge–charge range of Si, the conductivity of CuO nanorods was highly

• increased by the irreversible reaction with Li-ion during the first discharge, and the lithiated CuO played the role of an electronic conductor in the following cycles. In addition, the silicon layer was heavily doped by phosphorus and delivered a conductivity as high as 54.0 S/cm, which is vital for the

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• relationship between the Vickers hardness and the average grain size for pure nickel (Ni) and nickel–phosphorus (Ni–P) alloy specimens produced by electrodeposition and subsequent annealing. The data obtained from our recent investigation are shown together with those for pure Ni [62][64] and Ni–1.2 mass % P

• alloy [3] reported by other researchers. The state of the supersaturated solid solution in as-electrodeposited Ni–4.4 mass % P alloy specimens was confirmed, although the Ni–P phase diagram [65] indicates that the solubility limit of phosphorus into nickel matrix is 0.17 mass %. Accordingly, the Ni3P

3D printing of mineral–polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate

• Aleksey A. Egorov,
• Alexander Yu. Fedotov,
• Anton V. Mironov,
• Vladimir S. Komlev,
• Vladimir K. Popov and
• Yury V. Zobkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1794–1799, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.172

• %. Glutamic acid was used to maintain a low pH value. Then, a solution of ammonium hydrogen phosphate (CAS number 7783-28-0) with concentration of 5 wt % was added as the source of phosphorus in the system. The second “ink” was calcium chloride (CAS number 10043-52-4) water solution with a concentration of 10

Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by positively charged silver nanoparticles

• Dulce G. Romero-Urbina,
• Humberto H. Lara,
• J. Jesús Velázquez-Salazar,
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez,
• Eduardo Larios,
• Anand Srinivasan,
• Jose L. Lopez-Ribot and
• Miguel José Yacamán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2396–2405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.246

• permeability [38]. After penetrating the cell membrane, AgNPs can also alter sulfur-containing amino acids and phosphorus (a main constituent of DNA), inhibiting replication via attaching to the bacterial ribosome [39][40]. The proteomic signatures of AgNP-treated E. coli demonstrated an accumulation of

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• at %), given the deep penetration (≥1 µm) of the energetic, primary electrons (10 kV) with respect to the APT thickness (≈100 nm), such that the probed volume is mainly in the bulk of the Ti implant under the surface. In Figure 3b a new type of contamination, phosphorus, also appears at a

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• SIMS as well as model compounds in solution on activated carbon functionalized with the same chelating phosphines [52]. It was shown to take place effectively to give covalent anchoring of the cluster in a molecular form via metal–phosphorus bonds. Thermal activation Thermogravimetric analysis of the

Addition of Zn during the phosphine-based synthesis of indium phospide quantum dots: doping and surface passivation

• Natalia E. Mordvinova,
• Alexander A. Vinokurov,
• Oleg I. Lebedev,
• Tatiana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1237–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.127

• thermal decomposition of sililphosphides [11]. This is a quite complicated method because of the reactivity and inflammability of such substances. Recently, we developed the simplest way to date to produce such material by using phosphine (PH3) as a source of phosphorus [6] and indium carboxilates as a

• case a covering of the particles with zinc myristate occurs. During the synthesis zinc myristate covers the nucleus and prevents the particle growth and at the same time leads to an increase of the luminescence intensity through the reduction of phosphorus dangling bonds. The real Zn amount in the

Simple approach for the fabrication of PEDOT-coated Si nanowires

• Mingxuan Zhu,
• Marielle Eyraud,
• Judikael Le Rouzo,
• Nadia Ait Ahmed,
• Florence Boulc’h,
• Claude Alfonso,
• Philippe Knauth and
• François Flory

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 640–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.65

• as chemical etching and electrochemical deposition. To our knowledge, these two processes have never been combined for the production of such a hybrid material. Experimental SiNW etching and tapering Before chemical etching, the Si wafers (phosphorus-doped, <100> oriented, resistivity 1–10 Ω∙cm

Tm-doped TiO₂ and Tm₂Ti₂O₇ pyrochlore nanoparticles: enhancing the photocatalytic activity of rutile with a pyrochlore phase

• Desiré M. De los Santos,
• Javier Navas,
• Teresa Aguilar,
• Antonio Sánchez-Coronilla,
• Concha Fernández-Lorenzo,
• Rodrigo Alcántara,
• Jose Carlos Piñero,
• Ginesa Blanco and
• Joaquín Martín-Calleja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 605–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.62

• chemistry properties. For example, the TiO2 doping and the annealing temperatures have been widely studied to control its crystalline structure, optical and electronic properties, etc. Marschall and Wang reported doping with non-metals such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, iodine, phosphorus, or sulfur

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• molecules with a UV-assisted liquid phase process [40][64]. A low-doped n-type Si (phosphorus doped, 1–10 Ω·cm resistivity, Siltronix) was chosen to obtain rectifying junctions. After etching, the Si(111):H surface was used immediately for covalent binding of the mixed n-dodecyl/undecanoic acid-terminated

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• ) allows for 2D-mapping of tissues or cells. As a result, the distribution of specific elements such as phosphorus, calcium and iron can be identified [173] and conclusions about toxic effects induced by NP may be drawn. In summary, TEM is thus regarded as a useful addition to a series of microscopic tools

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• carbon in the periodic table, nitrogen and boron, with phosphorus starting to emerge as an interesting new alternative. Hundreds of studies have used XPS for analyzing the concentration and bonding of dopants in various materials. Although the majority of works has concentrated on nitrogen, important

• . This serves as a prerequisite to further analyze the dopant core states, namely 1s for nitrogen and boron and 2p for phosphorus. Finally, when the background-subtracted areas aX of the responses of the sought elements X are multiplied by the corresponding energy-dependent sub-shell photoionisation

• cross sections σx [60], their ratios to the area of the carbon response gives the dopant concentration in atomic percent (atom %). As an example, the atomic concentration of nitrogen cN would be evaluated as For phosphorus it should be noted that for the commonly considered photoemission from the 2p

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• ZnHPO4 which generally precipitates faster than tertiary zinc phosphate despite its higher solubility [31]. Any intermediate value lower than 0.67 reflects a partial degradation of the ZnO-NP. The error in the determination of the ratio is in the range of 10%. For phosphorus concentrations lower than 1

• silica remained as heaps of empty shells clearly separated from the crystals (Figure 5, right). The separation of the two components was confirmed by EDX analysis of the two regions: the left regions (large crystals) shows zinc and phosphorus but no silicon while the right region (empty shells) shows

• silicon but no zinc or phosphorus. The degradation of the zinc oxide core of the coated particles is therefore complete. The silica shell (thickness 3–6 nm) is obviously not sufficiently compact to prevent the access of water to the ZnO core. Silica NP and shells formed by the Stöber process have a

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• formation and the formation of the sub-oxide interface states [23]. As ion implantation is unavoidable for CMOS technology today, it is desirable to use it not only for the fabrication of NCs but for the doping of NCs as well. Over the past decade, phosphorus-and erbium-doped Si NCs have attracted a great

• are strongly overlapping [28]. Moreover, it was reported that the density of interface-related defects may be decreased by light phosphorus doping [29]. An alternative method to the doping of NCs by using ion implantation is by means of neutron transmutation doping (NTD). NTD is a technique commonly

• annealing conditions (yielding control over of the NC size). Interaction of Si NCs with Er ions has attracted a special attention due to the possibility of producing optoelectronic devices operating in the telecommunications band around 1.5 μm. Recent studies have shown that doping with phosphorus can

On the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces

• K. Anantha Padmanabhan and
• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1603–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.172

• scandium, 23.55 for palladium, 49.03 for lithium, 37.36 for beryllium, 19.38 for phosphorus, 10.16 for boron and so on. Similar values for polymers are not available.) In this line of argument, this enormous energy release raises the local temperature and enables the diffusive ordering of atoms over a

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• samples. Figure 7 shows representative X-ray elemental maps of all elements detected in energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), that is, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, chlorine, and calcium. The maps indicate fairly homogeneous elemental distributions on a hundreds of micrometers length scale even in

• CCPH5 to CCPH8, which suggests that all materials are uniform over the mm length scale. While carbon (from the cellulose), oxygen (from cellulose and calcium phosphate), phosphorus, and calcium (both from calcium phosphate) can be expected in these samples, the presence of chlorine and its homogeneous

• distribution throughout the sample is somewhat unexpected but highly reproducible. The fact that the location of the chlorine signal overlaps with the calcium and phosphorus signals suggests that it is also part of the mineral phase, possibly as chloride in chlorapatite. In spite of the limitations of the EDXS

En route to controlled catalytic CVD synthesis of densely packed and vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays

• Slawomir Boncel,
• Sebastian W. Pattinson,
• Valérie Geiser,
• Milo S. P. Shaffer and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 219–233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.24

• ) type as compared to the purely ‘base’-type for undoped MWCNTs. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; catalytic chemical vapour deposition; crystallinity; nitrogen doping; vertically aligned nanotube arrays; Introduction The doping of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with boron [1][2], nitrogen [3][4] or phosphorus [5

Nanoparticles of novel organotin(IV) complexes bearing phosphoric triamide ligands

• Zahra Shariatinia,
• Ebadullah Asadi,
• Vahid Tavasolinasab and
• Khodayar Gholivand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 94–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.11

• compounds [4][5][6]. For example, they can act as potential antitumor agents [7][8], wood preservatives, agrochemical fungicides and biocides [9][10], as well as catalysts [11]. The organotin(IV) complexes with phosphorus-based ligands bearing the P(E) group (E = O, S, or Se) are especially important

• . Comparing the phosphorus chemical shift, δ(31P), of compounds 1–4 demonstrates that it is the most deshielded atom in 4 (containing three N-phenylpiperazinyl substituents on the P atom with δ(31P) = 17.33 ppm). The 31P NMR of complexes 1–3, each containing identical phosphoric triamide ligands, show that

• the phosphorus atom is at the most upfield region in 1 with M = SnCl2(CH3)2. Further, the δ(31P) shifts downfield from 1 to 3. The complexes 1 and 4 both contain SnCl2Me2, and they differ in the phosphoric triamide ligands. The 31P NMR reveals that the phosphorus atom in 1 appears at a much more

Synthesis and electrical characterization of intrinsic and in situ doped Si nanowires using a novel precursor

• Wolfgang Molnar,
• Alois Lugstein,
• Tomasz Wojcik,
• Peter Pongratz,
• Norbert Auner,
• Christian Bauch and
• Emmerich Bertagnolli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 564–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.65

• 700 °C with OCTS, (b) top-view SEM image of boron-doped Si-NWs grown at 600 °C, (c) SEM image of phosphorus-doped NWs grown at 900 °C. TEM images (a), (c) and (e) show impressions of intrinsic, B-doped and P-doped NWs respectively. Analogously (b), (d) and (f) represent the respective HRTEM images

Macromolecular shape and interactions in layer-by-layer assemblies within cylindrical nanopores

• Thomas D. Lazzara,
• K. H. Aaron Lau,
• Wolfgang Knoll,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Claudia Steinem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.54

• -disubstituted hydrazine phosphorus-containing dendrimers of the fourth generation (G4) [37]. Each dendrimer had 96 peripheral charged groups, which were either all cationic or all anionic in nature (G4(+) = G4(NH+Et2Cl−)96, Mw = 32.3 kDa; G4(−) = G4(CHCOO−Na+)96, Mw = 36 kDa). The mass of these molecules is