Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• and cut into 1 cm × 1 cm pieces. The targets were thoroughly cleaned in an ultrasonic bath using ethanol, acetone, and DW for 10 min. After washing, the targets were fixed at the bottom of the glass beaker filled with 5 mL of DW and aqueous NaCl solution (1 mM). The setup was mounted on the motorized

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• , ethanol, formic acid, and tetrahydrofuran. Depending on the polymer type or the hybrid polymer composition, these organic solvents can be used alone or applied as mixtures in order to obtain suitable solution properties [67]. Surface tension The surface tension of the polymer liquid is important for the

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• (H3BTC, 95%) were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich. Anhydrous ethanol (EtOH, 99.5%) was acquired from Daejung Chemicals (Korea). Deionized (DI) water was generated using the Aqua Max ultra 360 system from Young-Lin (Korea). No further purification was performed on the chemicals before use. Preparation of M

• (ethanol and water) inside the pore system were released at low temperature around 100 °C. Subsequently, the ligands (water and/or –OH ligands) connected to Fe sites of the iron oxo-clusters were removed, leaving unsaturated metal sites inside the framework. Finally, a significant weight loss (approx. 41.8

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• projections. 8 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) For inspection of the tarsal morphology of different age groups, samples were chosen after CLSM to compare regions of interest, such as altered autofluorescence or damage. Selected tarsi were transferred from glycerin into 50% ethanol via a gradual series of

• glycerin (descending) and ethanol (ascending) mixtures. Afterwards, samples were dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series and dried using a Leica EM CPD300 (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) critical point drier. The tarsi were mounted on SEM stubs and sputter-coated with 10 nm gold–palladium in a Leica Bal-TEC

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• SiO2/Si substrates as detailed elsewhere [27]. The fabricated samples were exfoliated in a mixed solution composed of 10 mL of ethanol, 10 mL acetone, and 10 mL of deionized water under sonication for 30 min as shown in Figure 12. Five to ten substrates loaded with the samples were used to prepare the

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• ethanol and MQ water. Subsequently, the substrate was exposed to UV/ozone for 15 min to eliminate organic contaminants and promote the hydrophilicity of the SiO2 surface. GO (Graphenea), was employed without further treatment, while rGO was obtained through chemical reduction using hydrazine hydrate (50

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• the stability of the synthesized nanomakuras, different dispersion media were used. The relevant media for biological applications were used for the stability assessment of the nanoparticles. Figure 2a–c shows colloidal stability of AuNMs in ethanol (70%), NaCl (0.9%), and PBS (1X), respectively. The

• drop cast in a KCl solution (1 M) using a 2.5 mL syringe. This resulted in the formation of bright blue coloured spherical k-CG hydrogel beads incorporated with gold nanoparticles. The beads were further rinsed with DD water, subsequently washed with 70% ethanol, and finally dried in a hot air oven for

• DTAB-AuNM, respectively, over a wavelength range 300–900 nm. Stability of AuNMs (CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB AuNM) in different media at the ratio (NPs:media) 3:1 where (a), (b), and (c) represent the stability of AuNMs in ethanol (70%), NaCl (0.9%), and 1X phosphate buffer saline (PBS). (a) k-CG

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• an accumulation of anions in the Helmholtz layer indicated by zeta potential measurements. Scaramuzza et al., in contrast, investigated non-ionic additives and their influence on structure and composition during the ablation of metastable AuFe alloys [20]. They used ethanol and water as solvents and

• added different additives. In the case of gaseous additives (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon), they saturated the solution by bubbling. Further additives were 0.3 vol % hydrogen peroxide and 0.2 vol % water (for ethanol only). Depending on the chosen additive, they found a different degree of

• oxidation of the alloy nanoparticles. The highest oxidation was found for the mixture of water and hydrogen peroxide, yielding AuFe nanoparticles with an oxide shell; hence, the authors declared the mixture as highly oxidizing. In contrast, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide brought forth AuFe nanoparticles

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• tarsomeres were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in (pH 7.4) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 24 h, washed two times in PBS for 30 min each, fixed in 1% aqueous OsO4 for 1 h, and washed two times in double-distilled water, for 30 min each. After fixation, the samples were dehydrated using an ascending ethanol

• PBS for 30 min and two times with double-distilled water for 30 min each. Afterwards, the samples were dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series. Each step was performed on ice (4 °C) and on a shaker. Afterwards, the samples were critical point dried (Leica EM CPD300, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Then

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• sample was added to ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed. Then the dispersed liquid was added dropwise to the copper net. After drying, the US FEI Tecnai F20 TEM was used at an accelerated voltage of 200 kV to capture the morphology in high resolution. Zeta potentials and hydrodynamic diameters were

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• double-coated carbon conductive tape and DCS nanocrystals were suspended in ethanol (Merck KGaA) at 10 mg/mL, put on the double-coated carbon conductive tape, and coated with platinum using an auto-fine coater for better electrical conduction. For the XRPD analysis, commercial DCS powder and DCS

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• drugs with low molecular weight, such as Doxil® (for delivery of doxorubicin) launched in 1995, DoceAqualip® (for delivery of docetaxel, devoid of polysorbate-80 and ethanol) launched in 2014, Onivyde® (for delivery of irinotecan) launched in 2015, and Vyxeos® (for synchronous delivery of cytarabine and

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• at least 10 s at a distance of 0.2 mm. A volume of 1 μL of a 6 nM DNA origami solution was then dropped onto the Si chips together with 15 μL of 10× FOB and allowed to incubate for 1 h over an ethanol bath. The surfaces were thoroughly washed with at least 1 mL of 50% ethanol and then dried carefully

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• antioxidant levels R. sativus plants treated with 1000 mg/L of ZnO NPs were selected for further biochemical testing. Determination of total carbohydrate content in leaves The leaf samples (50 mg) were separately homogenized with 5 mL of 80% ethanol and extracted by boiling in a water bath at 95 °C for 10 min

• [60]. The ethanol extracts of the samples were centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 min and the supernatant was analyzed for carbohydrate content by the phenol-sulfuric method [61]. Determination of pigment content in leaves Fresh leaf samples (50 mg) were obtained, and chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• ethanol (50:50 v/v), pH 5.5. 1 mL of the formulations was used, as allowed by the Franz cell. The acceptor solution was constantly agitated at 300 rpm using mini-magnetic agitators. The temperature was maintained at 37 ± 2 °C by utilizing a circulating heating bath in the jacketed cells. The evaluation of

• ), solvent control (5% ethanol, SC), and NE control (Cym-B and Myr-B). Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy of (A) Cym-NE and (B) Myr-NE. The in vitro drug release of nanoemulsions (Cym-NE, Myr-NE) and free terpenes (Cym-Sol and Myr-Sol). Kaplan–Meier survival curve of G. mellonella exposed to (A) Cym

• -Sol, (B) Myr-Sol, (C) Cym-NE, and (D) Myr-NE; DC: death control (100% methanol); SC: solvent control (ethanol 5%); TC: trauma control. Hydrodynamic diameter, PdI, and zeta potential of Cym-NEs.a Hydrodynamic diameter, PdI and zeta potential of Myr-NEs.a In silico molecular/physicochemical properties

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• . Experimental Synthesis Reagents Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and used without purification. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RhBITC), hydrochloric acid 37% (wt/v), absolute ethanol and Hellmanex® were

• suspension was finally deposited on a glass slide and covered by a glass coverslip, both previously washed using 0.2% Hellmanex® cleaning solution and ethanol in an ultrasonic bath. After complete drying (15 min), 8 µL of mounting medium (ProLong™ Diamond, Molecular Probes™) was deposited on the dry drop of

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• substrates were used directly out of the box without any further cleaning steps. Au/Si was additionally cleaned by boiling in acetone followed by ethanol for 20 min under a fume hood. It was then dried in a glovebox in N2 atmosphere, exposed to ozone to remove organic contaminants, and finally rinsed with

• warm ethanol. DDT SAMs were deposited onto these substrates by immersing them in a 10 mM solution of DDT in ethanol with subsequent incubation for 24 h. After transfer into a glovebox, the samples were rinsed with ethanol and dried. To improve the order of the SAMs, they were again immersed in 10 mM

• DDT/ethanol solution and heated to ≈80 °C for 1 h. After gradual cooldown, the samples were again rinsed and dried in N2 atmosphere in the glovebox. The obtained samples were studied using a commercially available JPK NanoWizard® 3 AFM setup. The setup has been upgraded by a CAFM tip holder with an

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• mV were prepared. The CUR loading efficiency was up to 65%. A maximum release of 37% of the encapsulated CUR was observed within 6 h when the CUR-HSA-MPs were dispersed in 50% ethanol in PBS at pH 7, while in RPMI 1640 medium the release was 7%. This demonstrates a sustainable release. The in vitro

• cells [34]. Thus, submicron particles offer potential in the development of CUR delivery systems. The photophysical properties of CUR, HSA-MPs, and CUR-HSA-MPs in ethanol solution were evaluated. CUR exhibited the maximum emission at 545 nm, while CUR-HSA-MPs exhibited the maximum emission at 540 nm

• release of CUR for 6 h. The cumulative release of CUR was 35% when dispersed in 50% ethanol in PBS at pH 7, and 7% when dispersed in RPMI 1640 medium. However, the release in PBS (pH 7.4) was less than 1% after 96 h, as shown in Figure 5. Sustained release is a desirable property in the treatment of

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• rosemary essential oil. Ethanol used during synthesis acts as a cosurfactant. Because of its amphiphilic properties with a hydrocarbon chain and a hydroxy group it can reduce the interfacial tension between the two immiscible phases [39][40]. The size of the NCMPs depends on the concentration of eucalyptus

• %, CAS number: 10102-17-7), hydrochloric acid (HCl, ACS reagent, 37%, CAS number: 7647-01-0), triethanolamine ((HOCH2CH2)3N, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%, CAS number: 102-71-6), ethanol (CH3CH2OH, CAS number: 64-17-5), and polyethylene glycol (PEG, H(OCH2CH2)nOH, Wt: 6000, CAS number: 25322-68-3), were acquired

• equilibrium (Equation 1). Synthesis of nanocomposites Solutions of ethanol/essential oil were prepared using oil concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. Subsequently, the previously synthesized sulfur nanoparticle solution was added (Table 4). Finally, 1 mL of 1% PEG was added to each solution as

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• ), zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, 99%, Xilong Scientific), copper(II) nitrate pentahydrate (Cu(NO3)2·5H2O, 99%, Xilong Scientific), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich Chemistry), ethanol (C2H5OH, 99.5%, Chemsol), and acetone (CH3OCH3, 99.7%, Chemsol). Synthesis process The synthesis

• process of the ZnO NRs was presented in a previous paper [63]. At the beginning, ZnO NPs (5% dispersion in ethanol) were spin-coated onto cleaned glass substrates at 3000 rpm for 30 s. Then, the sample was heat-treated at 90 °C. ZnO NRs were grown by a hydrothermal method from Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and HMTA (1:1

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• applications of great interest. Experimental Chemicals Cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O), aluminium chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O), urea, and ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from Honeywell. All chemicals were used as received. Milli‐Q water was obtained from a Millipore Milli‐Q equipment. Synthesis

• corresponding structure. Microscopy Sample preparation The dried solids were suspended in ethanol and drop cast onto Au TEM grids covered with a lacy carbon film, and the solvent was left to evaporate. SEM samples were prepared from the same solution after 5 min of ultrasonication. The sonicated suspension was

• spin-coated on a Si wafer (3000 rpm, 40 s), washed with ethanol and dried afterward. For AFM, the samples were diluted in ethanol and drop-cast on a Si/SiO2 wafer. Si/SiO2 wafers were washed by spin-coating ten droplets of acetone and ten droplets of isopropanol prior to sample deposition. Scanning

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• . Subsequently, multiple electron transfers occur, leading to the generation of diverse products such as ethanol, methanol, and methane [5][6][7]. Therefore, to reduce the activation energy and to improve selectivity, the meticulous consideration of catalysts becomes imperative [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16

• Cu-MOFs for CO2 reduction [47]. The study revealed that HKUST-1 showed the highest performance with a FE of 15.9% at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 for methanol and ethanol formation. In particular, FE(methanol) is 5.6% and FE(ethanol) is 10.3%. This result can be explained by two reasons. On the

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• -cost topical treatment. Experimental SPIONs The SPIONs used in the present study were synthesized as described in [9] (patent application registration BR 10 2020 015814 [36]). For assays, after synthesis and purification, the SPIONs were dispersed in a 70% ethanol solution (Merck, Germany). The maximum

• ethanol concentration in cultures did not exceed 0.5%, which did not interfere with cell growth. The nanoparticles used in the biological tests were stored at −20 °C. Ethics committee for the use of laboratory animals The assays that used mammalian macrophages and parasites from animal models were

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• in this work. The wafer was divided into 1 × 1 cm2 pieces, which were then cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner in acetone (20 min), ethanol (15 min), and deionized water (10 min). The wafer pieces were oxidized in hot Piranha solution (45 mL of H2SO4/15 mL of H2O2) for 5 min. To perform metal-assisted

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• Chemicals The chemicals, including germanium oxide (GeO2) (99.99%) from Sigma-Aldrich and hydrochloric acid (HCl) (35–37%), magnesium powder (Mg) (99.95%), ethanol (C2H5OH) (99.5%), and potassium hydroxide (KOH) (85%) from Xilong, China, were used without further purification. Banana peels were collected

• out according to our previous work [33]. Ge and BC-800 at a mass ratio of 2:5 (approximate to that estimated from the Ge/C-750 precursor) were added to a mixture of ethanol and DI water at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The dispersion was well stirred in a Teflon beaker, transferred into an autoclave, and held