Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• /bjnano.15.129 Abstract This work presents a unique and straightforward method to synthesise hafnium oxide (HfO2) and hafnium carbide (HfC) nanoparticles (NPs) and to fabricate hafnium nanostructures (NSs) on a Hf surface. Ultrafast picosecond laser ablation of the Hf metal target was performed in three

• formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with low spatial frequency (LSFL) and high spatial frequency (HSFL) orthogonal to each other was also demonstrated. The LSFL and HSFL both exhibited quasi-periodicity. This work presents a simple way to fabricate HfO2 and HfC NPs and provides

• insight into their morphological and optical characteristics paving way for their applications in future. Keywords: hafnium; laser ablation in liquids; nanofibres; nanoparticles; nanostructures; Introduction Hafnium (Hf) is a tetravalent transition metal with compounds showing excellent thermal and

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• Raman spectra of ʟ-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles, as well as ʟ-carnosine, as solid and in aqueous solution, were recorded at RT using an excitation source of 532 nm. The light source was a diode-pumped solid-state Nd3+:YAG laser (Cobolt Samba 0532-01-0500-500, Cobolt AB, Sweden). For solid ʟ

• -carnosine and ʟ-car-AgNPs, powdered samples were placed on glass slides, and the Raman signal was collected in a backscattering geometry using a 50× long working distance objective. The incident laser of approximately 10 mW power had a spot size of approximately 50 μm on the sample surface. Aqueous ʟ

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• residues in the environment [30]. Physical methods include laser ablation, UV irradiation, evaporation condensation, aerosol methods, and lithography. High cost, high energy consumption, and expensive equipment make these techniques uneconomical [31]. Because of these disadvantages, synthesis methods based

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• of the ultrablack cuticle in Traumatomutilla bifurca, an enigmatic and visually striking species of velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and optical

• , Leica Biosystems, Solms, Germany) and contrasted with osmium tetroxide. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) The capacity of insect cuticle to emit autofluorescence at various wavelengths is extensively documented, influenced by material composition, degree of sclerotization, and the presence of

• resilin [18]. Insect cuticle with protein-dominated regions, which can include resilin, an elastic protein present in arthropod cuticles, or unsclerotized chitin exhibits autofluorescence when excited with a laser of 405 nm wavelength. Regions with a low degree or high degree of sclerotization emit

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• bottom mirror of the microcavity improved the green light emission intensity of LEDs. The wide application of DBR also extends to laser devices in which DBR acts as a highly selective mirror within the laser cavity. By reflecting a narrow wavelength range, the DBR enables single-mode operation, resulting

• in a laser emitting light with a precise, pure wavelength and high stability [48]. Yu et al. demonstrated a tunable InGaAs quantum well DBR laser which provides a larger tuning range, single-longitudinal-mode operation, and narrow spectral linewidth, finding it suitable for multiple gas-sensing

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• another widely used complex vector, polyplexes. They took the approach one step further and combined these polyplexes formed by a cationic polymer and anionic mRNA with a photosensitizer for photochemical internalization and subsequent enhancement in delivery to the cytoplasm. They showed that laser

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• down to collect white products formed on Si substrates. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL-6330F) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Renishaw’s RS and PL spectrometers operating with laser wavelengths of 488 and 325 nm were also employed to study phonon

• ], radio-frequency magnetron sputtering [47], pulsed laser ablation [48], and electrodeposition methods [49]. They have many application potentials in dye-sensitized solar cells [46], self-powered energy-harvesting devices [47], photocatalysts [48], and turbid lenses [50]. It has been suggested that the

• wavelength of 325 nm, which were measured at wavelengths of 350–700 nm. In this investigation, the maximum excitation laser-power density (Io) was maintained at ≈170 kW/cm2, and filters were utilized to tune the excitation density on experimental samples [65]. Recorded results revealed two main features of

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• processing and analysis of the collected scans included a lowpass filter and took place in the “NanoScope analysis” software. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy The SFG setup used an EKSLPA Nd:YAG laser operated at 50 Hz to generate a fixed visible (532 nm−1) and tunable infrared beam (1000

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• graphene/3R bilayer WSe2/graphene vertical heterojunction shown in Figure 1b. We performed SHG measurements with an 800 nm laser to excite monolayer WSe2 and artificially stacked bilayer WSe2. A stronger SHG intensity at 400 nm was detected in bilayer WSe2 constructed by artificial stacking, which

• under zero bias, known as BPVE [33][39]. Under 520 nm laser excitation, a short-circuit current of approximately 21.5 nA was observed in the output characteristic curve of the vertical heterojunction device (Figure 1d), proving the existence of spontaneous OOP polarization. To compare to the graphene

• explored the photogenerated carrier dynamics and the intrinsic photoresponse in the vertical heterojunction through time-resolved photocurrent measurements (TRPC). The custom-built TRPC setup is shown in Figure 2a. A 780 nm pulse laser is used as the excitation source and split into two separate beams, one

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• confocal microscope (50× objective). The excitation wavelength was set at 532 nm, and spectra were acquired with five accumulations of 5 s each. The slit width was set to 50 μm, and the hole width was set to 100 μm, resulting in a laser spot of approximately 1 µm on the sample. Characterization of the GO

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• , situated on the foreleg tibiae, were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the presence and distribution of resilin, an elastomeric protein that enhances cuticle flexibility, were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Eye and antennal grooming behavior were analyzed to evaluate the

• confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The eye and antennal grooming behavior of the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden, 1820) adults (Odonata, Coenagrionidae) was observed and analyzed to evaluate the particle removal efficiency in intact and ablated insects. Material and Methods Insects

• scanning electron microscope FE SEM LEO 1525 (ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany) at 5 kV accelerating voltage. Confocal laser scanning microscopy A CLSM-based method established by Michels and Gorb [37], to analyze material compositions and their gradients in arthropod cuticle by visualizing autofluorescence, was

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• study of analog resistive switching of Fe3O4-based cross-cell memristive devices [7][8][9][10]. Fe3O4 thin films can be grown by many processes, including molecular beam epitaxy, which is employed for depositing single crystal films, and pulsed laser deposition, which is utilized to achieve epitaxial

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• equipment (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK – detection angle of 173° and laser wavelength of 633 nm). For DLS measurements, NPs were dispersed in MilliQ water (1.0 mg·mL–1). To determine the zeta potential, the NPs were diluted in 10 Mm of phosphate buffer at a concentration of 1.0 mg·mL–1. All measurements

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection

• Knarik Khachatryan,
• Simon Anter,
• Michael Reichling and
• Alexander von Schmidsfeld

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87

• Knarik Khachatryan Simon Anter Michael Reichling Alexander von Schmidsfeld Institut für Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.87 Abstract Laser interferometry is a well-established and widely used technique for precise displacement measurements

• in the Michelson mode resulting in a detector signal IM that is much smaller than what could be obtained by working in the Fabry–Pérot mode [12]. A temperature- and intensity-stabilized laser diode light source (type 48TA-1-42037, Schäfter + Kirchhoff GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) operating at a vacuum

• amplitude error. The relative error in the wavelength measurement is δλ/λ = 0.00075 as detailed below. The error in the adjustment of the light spot on the cantilever with length lc is the positioning error δlc = 5 μm, which is the distance between the laser spot position and the tip position as illustrated

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• Abstract The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique

• detect chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants such as methyl salicylate (a CWA simulant for sulfur mustard) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (has some structural similarities to the G-series nerve agents) at different laser excitations (325, 532, and 633 nm). A notably higher SERS efficiency for CWA

• implications for developing more efficient and stable SERS substrates for chemical detection applications. Keywords: dimethyl methyl phosphonate; laser material interaction; metal nanoparticles; picosecond laser ablation; SERS; thiram; Introduction Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are versatile materials widely

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• deposition (PVD), and in situ formation through laser treatments. CVD offers several advantageous features such as a high degree of control over the deposition process. CVD involves the deposition of a thin film of material onto a substrate through homogeneous or heterogeneous reactions [79]. Homogeneous

• of the superior friction reduction achievable using thin ND films as reported by Blum and co-workers [142]. The authors sintered a 75 µm thick layer of NDs onto an aluminum alloy using a focused laser beam and reached a friction coefficient smaller than 0.2. Similar results can be obtained by using

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• minimum power that can be detected by the bolometer for a 1 Hz detection bandwidth. The experimental setups for the responsivity and noise measurements included several devices, such as a DC power supply, an IR laser source, an optical chopper (Thorlabs MC2000B), a low-noise transimpedance amplifier (TIA

• ), model HMS 564, an oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS), and a lock-in amplifier (Stanford Research Systems SR510), as shown in Figure 4c,d. The oscilloscope data was read by a computer. The responsivity of the CNT-based microbolometer was characterized using a continuous-wave laser source emitting radiation at

• 980 nm. A Thorlabs compact laser diode controller set the output power to 4 mW. The spot size of the laser beam of 100 μm was accurately determined using the knife edge method [17]. A mechanical chopper was used to modulate the laser beam intensity. The key component in the responsivity measurement

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• cooling, is still hindered by several factors. For instance, observing NPs under real working conditions remains a challenge for experimentalists, as the capability to conduct in situ experiments has not yet been fully realized [21]. Experimental methods, such as confocal microscopy [22], laser light

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• ]. Therefore, it is essential to prevent CHL hydrolysis by incorporating it into nanoparticles, boosting its stability. IR780 iodide is a lipophilic heptamethine NIR fluorophore that absorbs light with a peak at 780 nm. It turns NIR (750–1000 nm) laser energy into heat after being exposed to it. It was

• . To address these issues, many studies have attempted to encapsulate IR780 iodide in different types of nanoparticles (NPs) [23][24][25] to make use of the protective cover provided by the NPs. In addition, IR780-loaded NPs have been proven to inhibit lung metastasis when exposed to a NIR laser [24

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• attention and research [1][2]. Among them, the ternary medium-entropy alloy (MEA) CoCrNi and its derived five-element CoCrFeMnNi HEA [3][4] have been found to exhibit high strength and ductility. Weng et al. used laser-aided additive manufacturing to fabricate a CoCrNi MEA with a perfect combination of

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• orientation) with a native silicon oxide layer. Samples of 1 × 1 cm2 were used, on to which an array of annular patterns was lithographically defined, by laser lithography and etching using an SF6–O2 dry-etch, to facilitate location of the deposition areas. The substrates were roughly cleaned in acetone and

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• extending over a larger time frame. Ageing effects on the morphology of the attachment pads and the autofluorescence of the cuticle were documented using light, scanning electron, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results show that both adhesion and friction forces decline with age. Deflation of

• Zeiss Axioplan microscope and an AxioCam MRc camera with the AxioVision software (v. 4.8.2) (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany). The tarsi were examined at 5× magnification. Sets of excitation and emission filters were used according to [50]. 7 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) A confocal laser

• microscope, and (D) confocal laser scanning microscope. ar, arolium; cl, claw; eu, euplantula. Scale bars: (A) 2 cm, (B–D) 1 mm. Attachment tests using a tilting platform. (A) Schematic of the experimental setup. (B) Comparison of sliding angles, presented by age (old/young). *** = p < 0.001, Wilcoxon rank

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• Cu radiation source at a 1.54 Å wavelength and a micro-Raman spectrometer (Renishaw) equipped with a green laser excitation of 532 nm. The microstructure of the specimen was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and a transmission electron

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• top-down approaches such as arc discharge and laser ablation, and bottom-up methods such as hydrothermal and microwave synthesis [7][22] Biomass sources for CQD synthesis include eggshells, papaya peel, and lemon peel [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Applications

• Jobin Yvon Xplora Raman microscope using a 532 nm laser excitation as the power source. The photoluminescence spectra of the samples were obtained with an Agilent Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer. It consists of two Czerny–Turner slits (excitation and emission) with a double monochromator and