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Search for "polymers" in Full Text gives 509 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

  • Robin Vacher and
  • Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

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  • Robin Vacher Astrid S. de Wijn Corrosion and tribology, SINTEF, Richard Birkelands vei 2B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway Institutt for maskinteknikk og produksjon, NTNU, Richard Birkelands vei 2B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway 10.3762/bjnano.13.4 Abstract Friction and wear of polymers at the nanoscale is a
  • [5][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The effect of graphene coatings and their ability to protect against wear depend on the substrate underneath. So far, they have been studied almost exclusively on metals [20][21]. The tribological properties of polymers coated with graphene have barely
  • layers of graphene oxide and polyethylenimine. The authors showed that a transfer film of graphene on the polymer leads to lower friction. While to our knowledge there have been no numerical studies of friction on graphene-coated polymers, the graphene–polymer interface has been studied. Rissanou et al
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Published 14 Jan 2022

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

  • Sadaf Mushtaq,
  • Khuram Shahzad,
  • Tariq Saeed,
  • Anwar Ul-Hamid,
  • Bilal Haider Abbasi,
  • Nafees Ahmad,
  • Waqas Khalid,
  • Muhammad Atif,
  • Zulqurnain Ali and
  • Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

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  • showed viability up to 80%, indicating excellent biocompatibility of amphiphilic polymers at a lower dose in vitro. IC50 concentrations of functionalized MFe2O4 NPs in cancer cells To determine IC50 concentrations of drug-loaded NPs and their effect on the metabolic activity of HepG2 and HT144 cells, MTT
  • interaction between NPs a plasma membrane associated proteins [55]. In addition, the charge of polymeric coatings also governs NP uptake by cells. Positively charged polymers have been reported to enhance genotoxicity due to better internalization of NPs via the plasma membrane (electrostatic interaction) and
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Published 02 Dec 2021

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

  • Marco Fortunato,
  • Alessio Tamburrano,
  • Maria Paola Bracciale,
  • Maria Laura Santarelli and
  • Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

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  • the development of energy harvesters and sensors. Among the piezoelectric materials, special attention has been paid to electroactive polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFe), which is one of the most extensively
  • investigated piezoelectric polymers, due to the high β phase content resulting from specific curing or processing conditions. However, to obtain a high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) alignment of the β phase domains is needed, which is usually reached through applying a high electric field at moderate
  • constant and good piezoelectric properties suitable for the fabrication of flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. One of the most extensively investigated piezoelectric polymers is poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). This polymer has attracted a lot of interest due to its excellent
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Published 19 Nov 2021

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

  • Ashish Gupta,
  • Amrita Jain,
  • Manju Kumari and
  • Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

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  • to a pure polymer, which indicates that the ionic liquid and the liquid electrolytes have good compatibility with each other. The different parameters such as d-spacing, crystallite size/Scherrer length (l), relative peak intensity of the polymers, pure salt content, polymer/ionic liquid blend, and
  • tabulated in Table 2. Dielectric studies are some of the most important techniques to understand the effect of plasticizers, blending of polymers, inter-/intramolecular interactions, their transport mechanism, and relaxation behavior at a molecular level. Figure 6a and Figure 6b show the dielectric constant
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Published 18 Nov 2021

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

  • Huan Ren,
  • Lifang Wu,
  • Lina Tan,
  • Yanni Bao,
  • Yuchen Ma,
  • Yong Jin and
  • Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

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  • polymers to enhance, repair, or replace diseased, damaged, or defective tissue [2]. A few examples are tooth repair, peripheral nerve regeneration, nerve tissue engineering, bone and joint replacement and repair, and regeneration of bone defects, biological scaffolds, and wound healing [3][4][5][6][7][8
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Published 12 Oct 2021

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

  • Gheorghe Stan and
  • Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

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  • structures including metals [1], semiconductors [2][3][4], dielectrics [5][6][7], photovoltaics [8][9][10], polymers [11][12][13], ferroelectrics [14][15][16], and biological samples [17][18][19]. Technical descriptions and applications of KPFM methods for nanoscale material property characterizations are
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Published 06 Oct 2021

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

  • Keshav Nagpal,
  • Erwan Rauwel,
  • Frédérique Ducroquet and
  • Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

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  • leverage over inorganic LED in display applications. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) consist of photoactive polymers, such as PPV and MEH-PPV that can be deposited as highly ordered crystalline thin films [15][16]. Despite several advantages, OLED have certain drawbacks, such as lower lifetime, high
  • 44% compared to 90% of ITO. A higher transmittance is nonetheless possible by optimizing the interface between HTL and SWNT via a parylene layer, which tends to increase the transparency of SWNT. Table 2 lists the polymers and their acronyms mentioned in this study. The anode can be supplemented with
  • graphene oxide is required based on the device configuration. Shi et al. obtained similar results with an excellent luminance of 53000 cd/m2, demonstrating its explicit applicability in flexible OLED [64]. Combinations of graphene oxide with polymers and metal oxides have also been evaluated. Lin et al
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Published 24 Sep 2021

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

  • Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
  • Norma J. Salazar-López,
  • Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
  • José R. Vega-Baudrit,
  • J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
  • Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
  • Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
  • Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
  • Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

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  • results have been obtained in glutathione-sensitive PEGylated CUR prodrug nanomicelles [76]. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNP). Polymeric nanoparticles are solid colloids with a size of up to 1000 nm; the drug is loaded into the polymeric matrix, preferably using biodegradable polymers [77][78]. If the drug
  • constituted by lipophilic and hydrophilic polymers which contribute to increase their systemic mobility and residence time [86]. The advantages of this hybrid system include high encapsulation efficiency, well-defined release kinetics, well-tolerated serum stability, and well-triggered tissue, cellular, and
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Published 15 Sep 2021

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

  • Zahra Faraji Rad,
  • Philip D. Prewett and
  • Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

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  • feature sizes are fabricated using the tools of the microelectronics industry from metals, silicon, and polymers. Various types of subtractive and additive manufacturing processes have been used to manufacture microneedles, but the development of microneedle-based systems using conventional subtractive
  • range of medical applications. However, the delivery of therapeutic agents by dissolving or coated microneedles has encountered problems, such as heating of carbohydrates and polymers, which can cause drug breakdown during moulding of microneedles at raised temperatures [36]. Research to overcome these
  • issues has included fabrication of microneedles from aqueous mixtures of amylopectin and carboxymethylcellulose, rather than molten polymers, which helps to preserve the stability of the incorporated drug [37]. Accurate coating of microneedles is another challenge, but degradable or coated microneedles
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Published 13 Sep 2021

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

  • Nabojit Das,
  • Akash Kumar and
  • Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

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  • monodispersed nanoparticles, an essential criterion for their intended application and a limitation of the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts. Several biocompatible counterparts such as polymers, lipids, and chitosan-based nanoparticles have been successfully used in the synthesis of safe
  • , these nanomaterials are far away from a substantial use in biological applications due to toxic capping agents employed during synthesis. Several counterparts such as polymers, lipids, and chitosan-based nanoparticles are extensively explored in drug delivery and therapeutic applications due to their
  • for dissolving many species of high polarity, for example, amino acids, metal salts, glycerol, benzoic acid, citric acid, and glucose [26][76]. They are also promising in the dissolution of different polymers, such as starch, cellulose, lignin, chitin, and are also used in the pre-treatment of
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Published 18 Aug 2021

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu2+ ions

  • Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
  • Andrei Yu. Panarin,
  • Irina A. Chelnokova,
  • Sergei N. Terekhov,
  • Peter Mojzes and
  • Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

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  • surface modification of Ag (polymers, lithium chloride, and multicharged metal ions) to improve the SERS signal of substrates (our preliminary results have been described in [29]). Finally, we applied the obtained results to detect oligonucleotide molecules and showed that the addition of Cu2+ ions into
  • model SERS system, and compared the results with those reported in literature, for example, coating with polymers [7][19] or different inorganic reagents [20][22][23]. Figure 6 shows the corresponding modification schemes. Treatment of the plasmonic surface with lithium chloride led to a threefold
  • polymers resulted in a significant increase of the CuTMpyP4 SERS signal, that is, threefold for PEI and fourfold for PHMG. A weak CuTSPP4 spectrum was only observable in the case of PHMG. We suppose that the results are caused by a partial desorption of polymer molecules from the surface by washing. The
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Published 16 Aug 2021

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

  • Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
  • Lida Moradi,
  • Elmira Kohan,
  • Michael R. Hamblin and
  • Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

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Published 11 Aug 2021

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

  • Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

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  • mechanical response, with the typical swelling also observed [90]. In contrast, studies of both helium and neon ion-irradiated polymers have shown that swelling does not occur at the threshold doses observed for crystalline targets, attributed to the significantly higher diffusion coefficients of the noble
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Published 02 Jul 2021

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

  • Gul Naz,
  • Hafsa Asghar,
  • Muhammad Ramzan,
  • Muhammad Arshad,
  • Rashid Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
  • Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
  • Nadeem Baig and
  • Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

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  • , carbon nanotubes (CNT), conductive polymers, and metallic nanowires, have been tested commercially as alternative to ITO films for flexible optoelectronic devices [6][7][8][9]. Amongst them, graphene and carbon materials, particularly CNTs, display low optical transparency and high sheet resistance owing
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Published 01 Jul 2021

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

  • Zhao-Qi Sheng,
  • Yu-Qin Xing,
  • Yan Chen,
  • Guang Zhang,
  • Shi-Yong Liu and
  • Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

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  • Conjugated polymers (CPs) as photocatalysts have evoked substantial interest. Their geometries and physical (e.g., chemical and thermal stability and solubility), optical (e.g., light absorption range), and electronic properties (e.g., charge carrier mobility, redox potential, and exciton binding energy) can
  • tuning the bandgap, enlarging the surface area, enabling more efficient separation of electron–hole pairs, and enhancing the charge carrier mobility. In particular, donor–acceptor (D–A) polymers were demonstrated as a promising platform to develop high-performance photocatalysts due to their easily
  • tunable bandgaps, high charge carrier mobility, and efficient intramolecular charge transfer. In this minireview, recent advances of D–A polymers in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are summarized with a particular focus on modulating the optical and electronic properties of CPs by varying the acceptor
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Published 30 Jun 2021

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

  • Nikola Geskovski,
  • Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
  • Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
  • Marija Glavas Dodov,
  • Kristina Mladenovska and
  • Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

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Published 29 Apr 2021

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

  • Uzma Azeem Awan,
  • Abida Raza,
  • Shaukat Ali,
  • Rida Fatima Saeed and
  • Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

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  • treatments. Regardless of the various beneficial properties, GNRs have limitations in clinical applications due to the cytotoxicity of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which acts as a template in the synthesis process of GNRs [17]. Different polymers can be used to coat GNRs to enhance
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Published 31 Mar 2021

Scanning transmission helium ion microscopy on carbon nanomembranes

  • Daniel Emmrich,
  • Annalena Wolff,
  • Nikolaus Meyerbröker,
  • Jörg K. N. Lindner,
  • André Beyer and
  • Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 222–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.18

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  • capability is the ability to record charge-compensated images on insulating samples such as biological specimen or polymers without requiring a conductive coating layer [2][3][4]. In addition, the ability to record images with high signal-to-noise ratio while using low beam currents (the HIM creates up to
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Published 26 Feb 2021

Determination of elastic moduli of elastic–plastic microspherical materials using nanoindentation simulation without mechanical polishing

  • Hongzhou Li and
  • Jialian Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 213–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.17

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  • dominated by plasticity. The surface around the indenter piles up. However, the indenter displacement for E/σy = 10–50 is more elastic. Hence, a larger portion of elasticity is recovered on unloading. The surface around the indenter sinks in. For highly elastic solids, such as polymers, sink-in is often
  • greater in materials with larger E/σy ratios, such as soft materials. Hard materials and most polymers, ceramics, and glasses have small E/σy ratios. As E/σy decreases, corresponding to increases in the yield stress and decreases in hf/hmax, the size of the plastic zone decreases until, at some point, the
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Published 19 Feb 2021

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

  • Jing Han,
  • Nuo Xu,
  • Yuchen Liang,
  • Mei Ding,
  • Junyi Zhai,
  • Qijun Sun and
  • Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

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  • ., metal nanowires, conducting polymers, carbon nanotube (CNT) inks, multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) inks, and reduced graphene oxide) [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82], can be easily absorbed or used as a coating layer on the surface of the paper due to its wettability and
  • composites are used as the electropositive layer, while some common synthetic polymers, such as fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are used as the electronegative part. As the synthetic polymers have a smooth surface and a dense structure
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Published 01 Feb 2021

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

  • Ameen Uddin Ammar,
  • Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
  • Feray Bakan and
  • Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

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  • supercapacitors [15]. Until now, carbon (high surface area), metal oxides (high specific capacitance and low resistance), and conducting polymers are used as electrode materials. The issues of cost, stability, and lifetime are not resolved yet [15]. Graphene seems like one of the possible main electrode materials
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Published 13 Jan 2021

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

  • Cynthia Kembuan,
  • Helena Oliveira and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

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  • disintegration processes. Several authors have reported the use of protective coatings, such as poly(acrylic acid) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) [18], multichelating phosphonate [30][32][33], block copolymers [34], amphiphilic polymers [8][21], or polysulfonates [22]. Silica shells can also be used to
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Published 08 Jan 2021

Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples

  • Sebastian Friedrich and
  • Brunero Cappella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1714–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.154

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  • materials, such as ceramics or metals, but also of some polymers. Compared with other techniques providing information on the mechanical properties of a sample, notably force–distance curves, CR-AFM has a much shorter acquisition time. This compensates in part the incomplete theoretical understanding of the
  • . Keywords: atomic force microscopy; contact resonance; mechanical properties; polymers; wear; Introduction The development of new materials for applications on the nanoscale, such as thin polymer films, demands a reliable determination of their mechanical properties. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a very
  • modulus, but also the measured CR frequency itself are affected by large uncertainties and are often not reproducible. Therefore, several CR-AFM studies on polymers are limited to the mere detection of contrasts in CR frequency, without further calculations and, hence, without a quantitative determination
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Published 12 Nov 2020

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

  • Serguei Chiriaev,
  • Luciana Tavares,
  • Vadzim Adashkevich,
  • Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
  • Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

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  • irradiation-induced mechanical strain in the patterning process are elaborated and discussed. Keywords: direct patterning; focused helium ion beam; out-of-plane nanopatterning; polymers; thin films; Introduction Micro- and nanofabrication with focused ion beams (FIBs) is currently a subject of strong
  • the basis of a comparative study of the role of material-related factors in the FIB-induced surface patterning. PMMA and PC polymers are especially interesting for many reasons: PMMA is widely used as a positive resist for X-ray, deep UV [8], electron and ion-beam lithography [9]. Structural
  • ][16]. It has also been demonstrated that it acts as a type of ion-beam resist in the fabrication of micro- and nanopore membranes and templates for nanowires by chemical etching of through-holes along ion tracks produced by high-energy ions [17][18]. In contrast to PMMA and PC polymers, PDMS is a
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Published 06 Nov 2020

Optically and electrically driven nanoantennas

  • Monika Fleischer,
  • Dai Zhang and
  • Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1542–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.136

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  • a TERS setup, which has been rarely pursued so far. In the hot topic area of active plasmonics, reversible changes in the refractive index of the environment of a plasmonic system, for example, by liquid crystals or thermosensitive polymers, allow for actively switching the plasmonic properties [50
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