High antiviral effect of TiO₂·PL–DNA nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of influenza A virus in cell culture

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Elena V. Bessudnova,
• Ekaterina I. Filippova,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1166–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.108

• -based drugs to affect IAV replication may contribute to the creation of therapeutic preparations, the activity of which would be less dependent on mutations. The IAV genome contains eight single-stranded RNA segments of negative polarity and belongs to the Ortomyxoviridae family. All eight segments are

• fragments with phosphodiester internucleotide bonds can be used without any additional modification. We investigated the antiviral action of eight nanocomposites of this type bearing DNA fragments complementary to eight conservative regions of RNA segment 5 of negative and positive polarity (Figure 1, Table

Reorientation of single-wall carbon nanotubes in negative anisotropy liquid crystals by an electric field

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Gianluigi Zito,
• Teresa Cacace,
• Antigone Marino,
• José M. Otón and
• Morten A. Geday

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 825–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.74

• according to the driving voltage under study. The LC reorientation is minimally affected by polarity changes by the use of a square signal. The low amplitude AC impedance probe signal (0.1Vrms) is added. The details about the results sampling have been described in [15]. The Raman measurements are made

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• tunneling. Electroluminescence from the excited molecules is a strongly unipolar process and depends on the polarity of the applied bias as revealed by STML spectra, which displayed electroluminescence exclusively at positive bias polarity (ca. 1.9 V). They attributed this unipolar behavior to both, the

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• the molecules. Since we measured a thickness of 1–2 nm for our PS films, we can calculate a nominal grafting density of 20–40% (0.164–0.329 molecules per nm2) for our brush system. The polarity of the different surfaces was investigated by ζ-potential and contact angle measurements. The isoelectric

• spectra (see Supporting Information File 1) show a decrease in intensity for the aromatic bands after the modification reaction, confirming the ATR results. Here it also seems that the transesterification process is incomplete and a PS Brush with modified properties (increased polarity and charge) is the

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

• Nafisa Noor,
• Luca Lucera,
• Thomas Capuano,
• Venkata Manthina,
• Alexander G. Agrios,
• Helena Silva and
• Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

• during DC tests with an approximate probe distance of 10–15 μm. The probe locations and applied voltage polarity are as indicated in yellow (multimedia view). Frames extracted from high-resolution videos showing light emission from the ZnO nanorods contacted by tungsten probes during AC excitation of 10

Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure

• Jakub Hrib,
• Jakub Sirc,
• Radka Hobzova,
• Zuzana Hampejsova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Marcela Munzarova and
• Jiri Michalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.198

• PVA with water molecules during immersion – the PVA molecular structure contains hydroxy groups, which interact with water molecules at the expense of the interaction with PEG molecules, which are consequently released faster. The lower polarity of PCL and PLA and therefore weaker interaction with

Predicting cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers using molecular descriptors

• David E. Jones,
• Hamidreza Ghandehari and
• Julio C. Facelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1886–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.192

• polarizability, rotatable bond count, atom count, logD, aliphatic bond count, chain bond count, chain atom count, aliphatic atom count, exact mass, molecular weight, Wiener index, Randic index, Szeged index, Wiener polarity, Platt index, H-bond donor count, hyper Wiener index, H-bond donor sites, and H-bond

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• controlling the properties of a self-assembling mineral film by means of the functionality and polarity of a substrate template. In the presented case, a zinc oxide film is deposited by chemical bath deposition on a nearly topography-free template structure composed of a pattern of two self-assembled

• topographically flat (<1 nm roughness), but chemically patterned surface as a template, it was possible to guide the deposition – mainly by means of surface polarity. While deposition took place at sites with amino functionalization, no deposition was observed at locations with a fluorinated surface functionality

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• ). Analyzing SiOH+ and several fragments characteristic of silica in negative polarity spectra (SiO2−, SiO3−, SiO3H−) indicated the same trend. Since the sample preparation method did not yield fully TMV-covered samples, the recorded mass spectra averaged over a field of view of 500 × 500 µm2 show individual

Closed-loop conductance scanning tunneling spectroscopy: demonstrating the equivalence to the open-loop alternative

• Chris Hellenthal,
• Kai Sotthewes,
• Martin H. Siekman,
• E. Stefan Kooij and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1116–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.113

• voltage between the tip and sample causes the barrier to lower in an asymmetrical fashion: Any charge travelling between the tip and the sample will induce an image charge of equal magnitude but opposite polarity. In addition to lowering the barrier, the presence of an image charge effect will also narrow

Superluminescence from an optically pumped molecular tunneling junction by injection of plasmon induced hot electrons

• Kai Braun,
• Xiao Wang,
• Andreas M. Kern,
• Hilmar Adler,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Thomas Chassé,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1100–1106, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.111

• 1 nA is kept constant, the negatively charged part of the molecules experiences an increasing attractive force towards the positively charged tip. In the low bias-voltage range, i.e., for |Ub| < 1000 mV, the spectra (Figure 1a and Figure 1b) change only moderately irrespective of the polarity of the

• Figure 2b. If the bias voltage is inverted, (negative tip and positive sample) we observe only a very weak electroluminescence band centered at 725 nm. In contrast, electroluminescence from a pure Au/Au junction induced by inelastic electron tunnelling is independent of the tip polarity [1][2][3][4][5

Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants

• Mira S. Bjelaković,
• Tatjana J. Kop,
• Jelena Đorđević and
• Dragana R. Milić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1065–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.107

• concentration. It was shown that the longer peptide chain facilitates the formation of a network structure as a consequence of stronger, arranged interparticle associations. The solid samples of the control compound 1, obtained by precipitation from a CHCl3/CS2 solution with solvents of different polarity (i.e

• morphology were carried out with SEM, using a JEOL JSM-840A instrument, at an acceleration voltage of 30 kV. The solid samples were prepared by precipitation from a CHCl3/CS2 solution with solvents of different polarity (i.e., MeOH, Et2O or hexane), and subsequent drying under vacuum. A small amount of each

Manipulation of magnetic vortex parameters in disk-on-disk nanostructures with various geometry

• Maxim E. Stebliy,
• Alexander G. Kolesnikov,
• Alexey V. Ognev,
• Alexander S. Samardak and
• Ludmila A. Chebotkevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 697–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.70

• different combinations of polarity and chirality [2]. Polarity (up or down out-of-plane component of magnetization in the central core of the vortex state) can be controlled by an external magnetic field aligned perpendicular to a disk plane. This method is complicated to be used for microelectronic

In situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of Ca-modified rutile TiO₂(110) in bulk water

• Giulia Serrano,
• Beatrice Bonanni,
• Tomasz Kosmala,
• Marco Di Giovannantonio,
• Ulrike Diebold,
• Klaus Wandelt and
• Claudio Goletti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 438–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.44

• shown. The sample was transferred from the UHV chamber to the STM cell and then immersed in high purity water (see Experimental section for details). STM images of the surface shown in Figure 2 were recorded in water after approximately two hours of immersion. In the chosen tip polarity (the sample is

Electrical response of liquid crystal cells doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 396–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.39

• alignment layers. To avoid this issue, DC bias has been substituted by a low frequency (0.5 Hz) AC square wave to which the low amplitude AC probe voltage signal is added up (Figure 7). Being a square signal, reorientation of the LC is minimally affected by polarity changes. However, sampling is performed

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• fluorochrome can be monitored independently of the fluorochrome concentration [102]. FLIM gains its information from the fluorescence decay curves and applications of this technique include environmental sensing of, amongst others, polarity, local pH, and calcium concentrations, as well as the study of protein

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• functional groups are created. This leads to an increase in the polarity and the surface energy, resulting in a roughened topography. Higher plasma power (P = 40 W) significantly decreased Ra resulting into smoother nanofibrous surfaces compared to the untreated samples, due to the partial polymer melting

Tailoring the ligand shell for the control of cellular uptake and optical properties of nanocrystals

• Johannes Ostermann,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Christopher Wolter,
• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Hauke Kloust and
• Horst Weller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 232–242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.22

• the polymers were determined based on the varying fluorescence properties of pyrene, depending on the polarity of the surrounding medium [21]. The values correlate well with the polymer size and lie between 6.0 × 10−7 M for the smallest and 1.5 × 10−7 M for the biggest polymer. Encapsulation methods

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

• Liam Collins,
• Stephen Jesse,
• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Alexander Tselev,
• M. Baris Okatan,
• Sergei V. Kalinin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 201–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.19

• () which contains information on the polarity and magnitude of the signal. Little to no relaxation of the electrostatic force is observed, with following the applied bias, and therefore satisfying the second principle of KPFM, a time-invariant electrostatic response. This is expected for a purely

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• formation of Cu@Fe3O4 heterodimers with different morphologies based on the use of solvents of various polarity (top) and corresponding (HR-)TEM images of (a, b) cube-shape, (c, d) cloverleaf-shape Cu@Fe3O4 heterodimerparticles (bottom). Reproduced with permission from [57]. Copyright 2011 The Royal Society

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• particle compartment, POS particles show higher versatility with respect to the variety of possible functionalizations. This makes it possible to change the polarity of the particles. Due to that, the poly(organosiloxane) NPs are a suitable system for a very interesting application in the field of

• particle characteristics to the biological responses that these particles induce. With the work presented here, a well-characterized system of SiO2-based nanomaterials is exhibited which allows for variations in surface properties (surface charge and polarity) as well as in the mechanism of colloidal

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• this case, CH3CN did not act as a simple “washing” solvent but rather induced a variation of the conformation of the foldamers due to the solvophobic effect associated to the increase of solvent polarity on passing from chlorinated solvents to CH3CN. A recent and interesting way to get a reversible

Synthesis of hydrophobic photoluminescent carbon nanodots by using L-tyrosine and citric acid through a thermal oxidation route

• Venkatesh Gude

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1513–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.164

• relaxation time of the solvent is lower or comparable to the fluorescence life time, which depends on the polarity of the chosen solvent [36]. This explanation contradicts the expected electron–hole pair mechanism of CNDs from earlier reports [2][5]. Therefore, further spectroscopic investigations are

Probing the electronic transport on the reconstructed Au/Ge(001) surface

• Franciszek Krok,
• Mark R. Kaspers,
• Alexander M. Bernhart,
• Marek Nikiel,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Paulina Indyka,
• Mateusz Wojtaszek,
• Rolf Möller and
• Christian A. Bobisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1463–1471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.159

• would result in a temperature difference between the tunnelling tip and the sample, a thermovoltage in the tunnelling gap would occur. This voltage would also be measured by our STP setup and would be independent of the polarity of the transverse current. Since we do not observe this effect, heating of

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• coating and DI water. The interface of the layers will have a tendency to be electrostatically charged. When the applied voltage has an opposite polarity, the charging is additive. As a result, there will be a discharge current [77] which may lead to a damage of the brittle PS coating. To avoid the damage