Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• detailing the exact masses and volumes for these formulations is provided in Supporting Information File 1 (Table S8). Scanning electron microscopy SEM images were obtained using a FEI Nova 200 Nanolab SEM/FIB at the Michigan Center for Materials Engineering using an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. Particles

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• development of resistance. Here, we fabricated Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters (NPCs), which have drawn widespread attention, and investigated their role in the treatment of melanoma by photothermal therapy (PTT). Scanning electron microscopy imaging shows that our synthesized NPCs are spherical with an average

• treatment of cutaneous melanoma has remained unknown. In this study, we synthesized Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticle clusters, examined their morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tested their capacity of light-to-heat conversion. Then, we evaluated the effectiveness of the as-synthesized

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• average nanofiber diameters calculated in ImageJ using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of nanofibers, are given in Table 1 and Table 2. Stable jet and continuous nanofiber formation was observed in all PLA nanofibers containing different amounts of drug and in PLA/PLGA nanofibers with different

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the images are shown in Figure 1b,c. Corrosion pits with a lateral extension of tens of micrometers were observed on the surface polarized in NaCl solution, indicating that the chloride-containing solution initiates localized pitting. The inset in Figure 1b shows the

• scans, each 64 scan lines, were performed in each scan field at a constant applied load and repeated on different surface areas with different loads, while the friction force was recorded. No wear of the AFM tip was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after selected friction

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• , and Au 4f were recorded. Data analysis was conducted using CasaXPS (Casa Software, Ltd.) after subtraction of a Shirley background. The binding energies (BE) were calibrated to give the signal for metallic gold Au 4f7/2 at 84.0 eV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed with a Hitachi SU8000

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• fluoride (PVDF) and other piezoelectric polymers are used in the form of fibers, filaments, and composites. In this research, PVDF nanofibers were developed and integrated onto a knitted fabric to fabricate a piezoelectric device for human body angle monitoring. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray

• characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine morphology and crystalline structure, respectively. Sensor development, its embedding, and testing The prepared PVDF nanofibrous mesh was folded into a square shape (4 cm2) with 2 mm thickness for sensor

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• array with a sensing matrix of polydimethylsiloxane, have been determined by using scanning electron microscopy and by the results of specular reflectance spectroscopy based on the Bragg–Snell law. A new approach has been proposed for the application of this sensor in chemical analysis for the

• electron microscopy. The investigated samples have an ordered lattice structure similar to crystals; therefore, the Bragg equation has been applied for the analysis. Since the diameter of particles in the lattice is in the submicrometer region, diffraction occurs in the visible spectrum, and it becomes

• , the structure has a face-centered cubic lattice (FCC), therefore, it can be assumed that the structure is filled by 74% with PS and that the remaining volume is filled with air or polydimethylsiloxane [34][35]. Figure 2 shows the surface of a crystalline colloidal array obtained by using scanning

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• CCD method produces nearly uniform, peanut-shaped particles. The size distribution determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was 759 ± 25 nm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed this size range (Figure 1C). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of particles produced with

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• -resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive X-ray analysis, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, showed that unlike nanoballs and particles composed of crystalline germanium, the layer was made of chromium germanide CrGex

• electron microscopy (SEM) setup (TESCAN Vega 3 InduSEM) equipped with an electron dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX, Bruker XFlash Detector 5010) for detecting the elemental composition. A standard automatic instrumental background was applied for the estimation of elemental composition. Individual

• 5.0 × 10−7 Pa) was used with a polychromatic Mg X-ray source (Mg Kα, 1253.4 eV). A standard superficial surface sputtering with Ar+ ions was applied using 1 kV of acceleration voltage. The Shirley background was subtracted for all spectra. The morphology of each sample was analyzed by a scanning

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• verify the presence of the aggregates of the CoFe2O4 we investigated the morphology of the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (Figure 5a) and of the PVDF-TrFe/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites (Figure 5b) using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). As shown in Figure 5b, the morphology of the produced

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• surface morphology of a pure PVdF-HFP film, {(PVdF-HFP)-[BDiMIM][Cl]} (4:6), and ({(PVdF-HFP)-[BDiMIM][Cl]} (4:6)) (20 wt %) + [PC-Mg(ClO4)2 (0.3 M)] (80 wt %), where PC is the plasticizer propylene carbonate, was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and is depicted in Figure 1a–c

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• fibres. In this study, cobalt-decorated fibres are prepared, and the influence of carbonisation temperature on the resulting particle decoration, as well as on fibre structure and morphology is discussed. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron

• electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In addition, the fibres were analysed in terms of their

• temperature to gain a more detailed understanding of the interactions of the cobalt additive and the carbon framework, as well as the formation and location of cobalt–nitrogen species. The changes in graphitisation, fibre chemistry, and electrochemical ORR performance are studied in depth using scanning

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show that the assembly is layered and has a three-dimensional spherical structure with porous and stacked nanorods (width 50 nm, length 200 nm). During the self-assembly process, tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine and

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• -layer (4L) graphene and (b) the I–V characteristics of UV LED with and without few-layer graphene-based conductive electrodes. Figure 1a and Figure 1b were adapted from [39], with the permission of AIP Publishing. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• et al., published by SAGE, distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0.). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a 5.3 mm long silicon microneedle fabricated

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• different reaction time points were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Figure 1a–c) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Figure 1d–f). The images show that small nanoparticles (type I) were formed about 2 min (Figure 1a) after injecting the antimony precursor Sb-EHA. The bright orange

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• surface of the porous template and the top surface of the nanoelectrodes. A set of complementary techniques, including chronoamperometry, coulometry, and scanning electron microscopy, are used to characterize the nanoelectrode arrays. The number of active nanoelectrodes is experimentally measured. The

• address the third issue, a new design of the Au NEAs with a multi-layered structure has been suggested. The fourth requirement has been proved experimentally using electrochemical methods and scanning electron microscopy. Results and Discussion The first stage of NEA preparation (Figure 1a) was the

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• is unknown. In this study, extracted wax of E. gunnii leaves and pure ß-diketone were recrystallized on two different artificial materials and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study their formation process. Both the wax mixture and pure ß-diketone

• .) was analyzed by GC–FID and provided by Prof. P. von Wettstein-Knowles, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. For recrystallization, a 20 µL droplet of the wax solution and of the ß-diketone solution, respectively, were applied to the substrates at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy The

• attempts to find suitable areas to observe the growth of 3D structures. This caused a delay of some minutes to start the observation. Distribution of recrystallized structures Scanning electron microscopy investigations of recrystallized structures showed a circular pattern with areas of greater and lesser

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• were used for the calibration of the etching rates of the films. MLs are patterned into micrometer-scale bridges with multiple contacts using photolithography and reactive ion etching. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of one of the studied samples is shown in Figure 1a. Control of the

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• , fluorescence microscopy, and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) micrographs [108]. Deep learning techniques have been developed for segmentation and tracing of neurons in volume electron microscopy for synaptic connectivity reconstruction. Mitochondria, synapses, axons, dendrites, spines

• learning was also applied to reduce noise and increase the resolution in scanning electron microscopy images. An approach for creating a training dataset of low- and high-resolution image pairs from a single image, was developed by using deep learning to up-sample scanning transmission electron microscopy

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• matrix and additive was tested through coating the Ag-NPs with dodecanethiol, a non-polar surfactant. The resulting composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and in terms of surface antimicrobial activity. The results demonstrate that the Ag-NPs synthesized in this work are indeed

• . Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed in a Jeol JEM-1400 plus (480 keV), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in a Zeiss EVO MA15, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in a simultaneous thermal analyzer

• . Image of AgNP/HNT-8 with different colours after the synthesis process was interrupted at 40, 100, 120, 200, 350, 500, and 700 °C. Scanning electron microscopy of (a) Ag/HNT-8-doped LDPE and (b) Ag/HNT-8/DIO-doped LDPE. Molecular structures of polyethylene and dodecanethiol, and scheme of Ag-NPs coated

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• Nanomaterials) and purchased from Iranian Nanomaterial Pioneers Company. Ag-NPs structure The Ag-NP powder was dispersed in distilled water without adding surfactants. Ag-NPs with a size of 50–80 nm and 99% purity were used (Table 1). The vendor carried out scanning electron microscopy analysis in the Nano

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• structured top electrodes were examined by numerous measuring techniques. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a grain-like morphology of the magnesium-doped zinc oxide film. The size of the grains is closely related to the structure of the nanorods. The external quantum efficiency of the cells was measured

• Figure 1. Results and Discussion Figure 2 shows as-grown zinc oxide nanorods on the silicon surface grown by the hydrothermal method described above. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the shape of the nanorods is hexagonal. The estimated width of hexagonal rods equals 160 ± 5 nm and

• . Schematic images of final PV structures studied in this work: (a) SC with ZnONR, (b) planar SC. Scanning electron microscopy images of zinc oxide nanorods on the silicon surface: (a) top view, (b) cross section. SEM images of ZnO/Si solar cells: (a) modified with nanorods, (b) planar. Surface morphology of

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• of Polyneoptera (following [122]). Coloured squares indicate the type of attachment pads, 1different pad types on the same tarsus, and 2in different species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of a typical phasmatodean tarsus. Orestes draegeri Bresseel & Constant, 2018. (A) Ventral view. (B

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• alignment on a large scale and were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and PL spectroscopy. The luminescent AgNWs exhibited red emission, which was accredited to deep holes. The SEM results confirmed the formation of AgNWs of 3.3 to 4.7 µm in