Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• –1.0 µm using a Leica EM UC7 ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) (at 21.5 °C room temperature), mounted on polylysine-covered glass slides (Gerhard Menzel GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany) and stained with toluidine blue or Cason’s triple stain (Romeis 2010). Toluidine blue is a basic

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• and at room temperature, nc-AFM experiments are mostly carried out with silicon cantilevers, similar to those used during AFM experiments in air or in liquid. Their stiffness rarely exceeds 100 N/m. In UHV and at low temperature, the use of cantilevers is more tedious because of the required in situ

• . The stiffness calibration of silicon cantilevers at room temperature in air, liquid, or UHV by means of destructive and non-destructive methods has been discussed quite extensively in the literature [18][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56

• long and demanding, but it is the properties of the qPlus sensor that constrain one to drastic acquisition parameters. In 2013, Lübbe et al. had already come to the same conclusion in the case of silicon cantilevers in UHV at room temperature [56]. To overcome the drawback of the acquisition duration

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• , China) [32][33]. First, trisodium citrate (0.40 g) was dissolved in pure EG (40 mL) and sonicated at room temperature until complete dissolution was achieved. Then, FeCl3·6H2O (1.35 g) was added with stirring. Next, NaOAc·3H2O (2.0 g) was added at room temperature with stirring for 30 min. The mixed

• solution was then put into a microwave reactor at 200 °C for 2 h. After the reactants cooled to room temperature, Fe3O4 NCs were obtained by magnetic separation followed by vacuum drying at 60 °C for 24 h. Synthesis of CUR-Fe NPs Fe3O4 NCs (12 mg) were dispersed into acetonitrile (60 mL) with

• ultrasonication (XM-P06H, Xiaomei Ultrasonic Instrument Co., Ltd., Kunshan, China) for 30 min at room temperature. HCCP (15 mg), CUR (15.9 mg), and HPS (5.4 mg) were subsequently added with sonication for 30 min. TEA (2 mL) was dispersed into acetonitrile (10 mL), and this mixed solution was added dropwise to the

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• LEED measurements were performed at 300 K with beam currents below 10 nA and electron energies (E) between 30 and 200 eV. Note that the reported diffraction patterns are distorted due to the MCP geometry. All STM images were recorded at room temperature. As a tip, we used a self-cut Pt/Ir (90:10) wire

• surface and are induced by the adsorption of PTCDA. However, within the scope of the present work, we did not observe any faceting of the Ag(35 1 1) surface. This is because the adsorption energy of QA is likely significantly smaller than the one of PTCDA on Ag surfaces. Conclusion We found that, at room

• temperature (RT), the growth of QA on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface is, in general, very similar to its growth on the nominally flat Ag(100) surface. QA forms molecular homochiral chains with four distinct symmetry-equivalent orientations that are connected via H-bonds (α-phase). At RT, the growth of the

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• in Tris buffer (to obtain ALN-containing nanovesicles) up to a final concentration of 10 mg/mL total lipids at room temperature for nanoarchaeosomes and 60 °C for HSPC-Chol. The suspensions of nanovesicles were sonicated for 1 h employing a bath-type sonicator (80 W, 80 kHz) and extruded 10–15 times

• plates by covering them with 10% formaldehyde in PBS for 15 min at room temperature (RT). After removing the fixing buffer carefully, cells were covered with fresh ORO working solution (6 mL of 5 mg/mL ORO in isopropanol stock solution) and 4 mL of distilled water filtered through a 3 μm pore size filter

• finished, aliquots of culture medium supernatant were mixed with 1 volume of Griess Reactive Solution “A” and 1 volume of Griess Reactive Solution “B” and incubated 15 min at room temperature protected from the light. Absorbance was measured at 520 nm in a Cytation™ 5 instrument. Nitrite concentration in

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• ]. Autocatalytic growth (AG) of high-purity deposits leads to formation of individual crystallites as a consequence of precursor surface mobility at room temperature [21][24][25]. This mobility is suppressed when the surface is held at sufficiently low temperature. This was demonstrated by UHV experiments that

• then writes patterns into the condensed layer followed by warming up to room temperature to remove the intact precursor from the non-irradiated areas. While cryo-FEBID is less versatile with respect to the fabrication of 3D nanostructures, the processing speed is much higher than for room-temperature

• contents of the deposit. Throughout this conversion, all of the Fe content remains on the surface. Overall, electron irradiation of Fe(CO)5 multilayers at 140 K [43], thus, yields a deposit with significantly higher content of residual C and O than reported for room-temperature FEBID processes [8][21

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• eV. However, the intensities of these bands are different. The position of these bands does not shift significantly with changing temperature. At room temperature, the intensity of the 2.4 eV band is higher than that of the 2.9–3.0 eV band in both samples. However, their behavior with decreasing

• significantly different when measured at room temperature in air and in vacuum (Figure 5a), while the intensity of the 2.4 eV band decreases significantly with changing the environment from air to vacuum in the sample prepared in the 8 h procedure (Figure 5b). A PL band at 3.62 eV is observed in the spectra

• PC via a GPIB interface for further data processing. Raman scattering (RS) spectra were recorded at room temperature with a Sol Instruments MS750 confocal system equipped with a laser excitation source of 785 nm (Coherent-Ondax LM series, optical power 7.5 mW). A 100× microscope objective lens was

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• Tristar-3030 system (Micromeritics, USA). The magnetic properties were measured on a Micro Sense vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and energy-dispersive X-ray elemental mapping (EDX mapping) were carried out on a Hitachi S-4800 FESEM

• hydrolyse the starch. Then, the mixture was transferred to a 100 mL Teflon-lined autoclave and heated at 200 °C for 24 h. After hydrolysis, the product was cooled to room temperature. The brown solid was centrifuged, washed several times with distilled water, and calcinated at 700 °C for 3 h to obtain

• ferrites with high coercive field and magnetization, while the hysteresis loops of CF/GQDs are reversible, indicating that CF/GQDs exhibit superparamagnetic characteristics. The magnetic saturation values of the CF/GQDs-140, -180 and -200 samples are 0, 11.1, and 36.3 emu/g, respectively, at room

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• 8 mL of deionized water. Approximately 1–1.35 mL of the transdermal formulations (Formulation tests 1–3 and A–E) were applied to the membrane over an area of 1 cm2 across the donor compartment. The donor cell was exposed to room temperature with 65% humidity and covered with Parafilm to prevent

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• defined as the midpoint of the transition curve. To study the SSV effect, the samples were cooled down from room temperature to low temperatures in a magnetic field of the order of 5 kOe (field cooling procedure) applied in the sample plane. This field aligns the magnetization of both F layers. Also, the

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• using FEBIE with water [25], namely dodecane (C12H26) for the deposition of carbon and crystals of MgSO4·7H2O for etching with water. Both precursors were let into the chamber at room temperature. The base pressure in the specimen chamber was between 2 × 10−6 and 4 × 10−6 mbar. During patterning (both

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• out in a muffle furnace (NABERTHERM, L-091H1RN-240). Samples were placed into the furnace that was already preheated to the target temperature, then they were removed after 10 min from the hot furnace, and were naturally cooled in air at room temperature. The heating time (10 min) was chosen for

• thermal expansion of Ag NWs and a substrate during heat treatment from room temperature to 673.15 K were simulated by FEM in Comsol Multiphysics 5.6. The structural configuration involved a pentagonal Ag NW positioned above a rectangular hole on an Si substrate. The NW was securely affixed to the

• in a stepwise manner (in 25 °C increments) cycles of rapid heating followed by rapid cooling to room temperature after each cycle (scheme 1), then at 375 °C, nanowires start to split in the middle of the suspended parts, while the adhered parts remain mostly intact (0.225 vs 0.016 splits per µm). If

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• the most common [30]. In our procedure, AgNO3 was added right after ʟ-ascorbic acid was dissolved in the DES at room temperature. The color of the mixture gradually turned from yellow-orange to dark brown, indicating the crystallization of Ag NPs. The synthesized Ag NPs-DES exhibits rod-like shapes of

• temperature until a homogenous liquid formed. Then, the mixture was cooled down gradually to room temperature while keeping the vigorous stirring. 0.025 g of AA was dissolved in 10.195 g of fabricated DES, and 0.006 g of AgNO3 was added later, which helped the reaction to occur. After 30 min of constant

• . At last, the product was dried naturally at room temperature, resulting in the successful fabrication of the Ag NPs-DES substrate. NFT and SDZ detection on the Ag NPs-DES substrate Various concentrations from 10−3 to 10−8 M of NFT and SDZ were added dropwise on the Ag NPs-DES substrate (20 µL for

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• molecular precursor C2H4 (purity: 99.9%) at a partial pressure of 10−5 Pa for 120 s [25][26]. Atomic-scale defects were created by bombarding graphene-covered Ir(111) with low-energy (140 eV) Ar+ ions (purity of the Ar gas: 99.999%) [27][28][29][30] at room temperature for 5 s followed by annealing (900 K

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• smaller grain sizes and diminishes with larger grains. The mechanism has been proposed as a cause of plastic deformation in metals. Wang et al. showed for a platinum nanocrystalline film [42] that the rotation due to strain at room temperature does not occur because of cross-grain gliding, GB sliding, or

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• simultaneously irradiated, keeping the experimental conditions the same. The experiment was performed at high vacuum ≈5 × 10−6 Torr and at room temperature. Argon ions (100 keV) have been used to irradiate the samples at an incident angle of θ ≈ 60° with respect to the surface normal [16]. The area in which the

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• amounts: 100, 200, and 400 mg; dopamine hydrochloride/Fe3O4 ratios: 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1) and stirred at room temperature for 15 h at 1000 rpm. Following this stage, the obtained PDA-coated Fe3O4 NPs were separated from the solution using a magnet. Subsequently, unreacted material was removed by washing

• -polyethylene glycol was added to the prepared mixture to homogenize the solution. Subsequently, 0.2 mL of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 28–30%,) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 70 min [37]. SH-PEG-modified PDA/Fe3O4 NPs were separated from the solution using a magnet, and unreacted

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• , gravitational waves acting on a 40 kg mirror in LIGO [3], or atomic-scale tip–surface forces acting on a 40 pg cantilever in an atomic force microscope (AFM). For AFM cantilevers operating at room temperature close to their fundamental resonant frequency in the kilohertz-to-megahertz range, optical

• was verified both at room temperature and in a cryogenic environment. Thus, the deposited material is suitably conductive for STM and various electrostatic AFM techniques that require applying a low-frequency voltage to the tip. Mechanical mode Our chips were the same size as an AFM cantilever chip

• 60 chips from one wafer, detecting the thermal fluctuations at room temperature under ambient conditions and fitting them to a Lorentzian lineshape. We found that ωm decreases with the increasing radial distance D from the center of the wafer, as shown in Figure 7, probably because of non-uniform

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• heat and accumulated charges). The samples were irradiated facing the beam inside a vacuum chamber (10−8 mbar) at room temperature. The projectile flux was deduced from the current measured continuously during irradiation on the four slits used to limit and define the irradiation field. Before

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• and allowed to evaporate overnight in a dark area at room temperature. In the next day, the nanoparticles were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 30 min, then resuspended in 600 µL of distilled water. The nanoparticles were then separated into three 200 μL suspension tubes. Then, 2 mg of F127-folate or 2

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• , 200 g of DPNR (DRC 20%, SDS 0.2%), and with the same amount of TEPA/TBHPO as in the preparation of DPNR/GO-VTES. Characterizations X-ray diffraction patterns of graphite and GO were acquired by using a Panalytical X'Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer. The measurements were performed at room temperature

• gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the samples was performed on a TA Q500 instrument. The temperature was increased at a heating rate of 10 °C /min from room temperature to 900 °C in air atmosphere. The morphology of the DPNR/GO-VTES was observed with field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) performed

• with HITACHI S-4800. The measurement was performed at room temperature. The tensile properties of the composite samples were measured with a Tokyo Instron 5300 (Japan). The graft copolymer films (thickness of 1 mm) were cut in a dumbbell shape described in JIS K6251. Tensile measurements were done at

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• determined in a wide frequency range from 10−1 to 106 Hz at room temperature. The amplitude of the alternating current signal was set to 0.1 V. The ZView software was used to analyze the recorded impedance spectra. Results and Discussion UV–vis spectroscopy The pure quantum dots exhibit absorption in the

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• in the dark. It was then centrifuged at 3500 rpm at 4 °C and 1 mL of the supernatant was mixed with 2 mL of Salkowski reagent and incubated in the dark at room temperature for 30 min. Then, the absorbance was measured at 530 nm [19][59]. The effect of ZnO NPs on carbohydrates, plant pigments, and

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• range of 10.0–16.7, and the rHLB was the one in which the formulation had the best colloidal stability (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). Characterization of the nanoemulsions Visual appearance The formulations obtained were maintained at room temperature and evaluated visually 24 h and 7, 14

• . The samples were diluted (1:1000 v/v) in ultrapure water. The NEs were injected into the sample chamber with sterile syringes until the liquid extended to the tip of the injector. The measurements were performed in triplicate at room temperature (25 °C) and the data were represented as mean ± standard

• for the experiment, and the samples were administered (10 µL/larva) on the left side of the last proleg using a 10 µL Hamilton syringe. The larvae were then kept in the dark at room temperature and observed after 24, 48, and 72 h to evaluate their behavior, including physical aspects such as color