Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• were used for data acquisition and processing. The column was a 2 × 250 mm BioLC DNAPac® PA200 from Dionex used in conjunction with 25 mM Tris·HCl pH 7 buffer and a NaCl gradient; the column was maintained at 30 °C. This type of ion-exchange chromatography resolves oligos based on length and

Fabrication and characterization of novel multilayered structures by stereocomplexion of poly(D-lactic acid)/poly(L-lactic acid) and self-assembly of polyelectrolytes

• Elena Dellacasa,
• Li Zhao,
• Gesheng Yang,
• Laura Pastorino and
• Gleb B. Sukhorukov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 81–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.10

• adsorption steps (15 min in duration) of anionic PSS (2 mg/mL in 0.5 M NaCl) and cationic PAH (2 mg/ml in Milli-Q water) followed. After each adsorption step, three washings in Milli-Q water (1500 rpm for 1 min) were carried out. Once the four bilayer structures were deposited, one layer of PLL (5 mg/mL in

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• , however, find only one report in which sonochemistry was used for the co-deposition of AgNPs and AgCl on TiO2 NPs to form Ag@TiO2 and Ag/AgCl@TiO2 [18]. The synthetic process revealed that in fact it was a one-step process combining Ag+, TiO2 NPs, and NaCl in ethylene glycol solution. The sonochemical

• the dye structure. The crystalline structure of the metal oxides was examined by XRD (Bruker D8). Leaching experiments Possible leaching of the MO and dyes from the coated textile was tested in saline solution (0.9 % NaCl). A piece of fabric (70 mg) was placed in 10 mL saline and kept at 40 °C for 72

• cultures of the bacteria were transferred into a nutrient broth (NB) medium (“Difco” Detroit, MI) and grown at 37 °C with aeration. When the cell number reached 106 CFU, the cells were harvested by centrifugation and washed twice with a 0.85 % NaCl solution at pH 6.5 (saline). The fabric (2 × 2 cm2) was

Effects of spin–orbit coupling and many-body correlations in STM transport through copper phthalocyanine

• Benjamin Siegert,
• Andrea Donarini and
• Milena Grifoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2452–2462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.254

• = 2.2 in order to fit our spectrum to the experiment of Swart et al. [14], which was carried out with CuPc on a NaCl(3 ML)/Cu(100) substrate with a workfunction of = 4.65 eV. With this, we find a triplet–singlet separation of the anionic ground state of 18 meV, which is in good agreement with

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• stable in NaCl solution. However, they are aggregated in the presence of NaNO3 or NaH2PO4 [141]. Laudenslager et al. used CTS and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) as stabilizing agent for production of Pt, Au and Ag NPs. These two biopolymers gave similar size distributions, while CMC showed higher

• surface of NPs which is responsible for the electrostatic repulsion and consequently stability at wide range of pH (2–10) and electrolyte concentration (up to 10−2 M of NaCl) [63]. Thekkae Padil and Cernik used gum karaya (GK) to produce copper oxide (CuO) NPs from CuCl2 at 75 °C for 60 min. According to

Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates

• Joseba Irigoyen,
• Nikolaos Politakos,
• Eleftheria Diamanti,
• Elena Rojas,
• Marco Marradi,
• Raquel Ledezma,
• Layza Arizmendi,
• J. Alberto Rodríguez,
• Ronald F. Ziolo and
• Sergio E. Moya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2310–2318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.237

• homogenously charged surface prior to the GO deposition. The assembly of the polyelectrolytes in the first layers and between the GO was done in 0.5 M NaCl as in these salt conditions the polymers assemble in a denser and compact structure, due to the optimal coiled conformation of the PEs at this ionic

• the coated cell, thus reducing aggregation. The removal of the cell interior by NaOCl is based on the oxidation of the cell content, which is mainly proteins, which become defragmented and are easily eliminated during centrifugation and washing cycles with NaCl and water. Oxidation also affects the

• concentration of 2.5% in filtered PBS buffer. After fixation, they were centrifuged and washed in 0.9% NaCl several times at 10 °C and kept refrigerated. Graphene oxide Graphene oxide was prepared by strong acid oxidation of graphite using Hummer’s method [25] as modified in [26] where the dispersion was water

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• purchased from Sigma (UK). T47D human ductal breast epithelial tumor cell line was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (USA). FeCl3·6H2O (99.0%), FeCl2·4H2O (99.0%), NaOH, and acetic acid were purchased from Acros Organics (USA). Analytical HCl, NaCl, D-glucose, glutaraldehyde, N

• and the solution was stirred for 24 h at 60 °C. The primary polymer was precipitated by means of an appropriate amount of acetone and then solved into NaCl (15%). The resulting suspension was dialyzed against deionized water for three days and finally freeze-dried, producing a pale yellow, TMC powder

• [28][51][52]. Polymer-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles First, 0.2 g of the previously sonicated iron oxide nanoparticles were dispersed in a 25.5 mL solution containing NaCl (0.5 M) and SDS (0.025 M). Given the molar ratio of polymer and Fe3O4 (1:1), an appropriate amount of chitosan or TMC (in 2% acetic

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• as described earlier in literature [64]. In brief, cells were quickly rinsed in warm phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.01 M phosphate buffer, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4) and fixed with 4% formaldehyde in PBS for 15 min at room temperature (RT). Next, cells were washed with PBS and permeabilized for 5 min at

Scalable, high performance, enzymatic cathodes based on nanoimprint lithography

• Dmitry Pankratov,
• Richard Sundberg,
• Javier Sotres,
• Dmitry B. Suyatin,
• Ivan Maximov,
• Sergey Shleev and
• Lars Montelius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1377–1384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.142

• gift from Amano Enzyme, Inc. (Nagoya, Japan). The specific activity of BOx, measured to be 140 U·mg−1, was determined using 5 mM 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as an electron donor dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 0.15 M NaCl

Probing fibronectin–antibody interactions using AFM force spectroscopy and lateral force microscopy

• Andrzej J. Kulik,
• Małgorzata Lekka,
• Kyumin Lee,
• Grazyna Pyka-Fościak and
• Wieslaw Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1164–1175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.118

• fibronectin isolated from human plasma. Other reagents Other reagents used in the experiments were: (a) phosphate buffered saline (PBS, ICN Biomedicals, pH 7.4, containing 10 mM of PO42−, 137 mM of NaCl and 27 mM of KCl) was used to prepare all protein solutions; (b) 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, Sigma

Stick–slip behaviour on Au(111) with adsorption of copper and sulfate

• Nikolay Podgaynyy,
• Sabine Wezisla,
• Christoph Molls,
• Shahid Iqbal and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 820–830, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.85

• . When the tip is scanning across a monatomic step, friction is largely increased due to the Schwoebel barrier, as has been shown for the NaCl(001)/gas interfaces [22]. We observed the same effect at the Au(111)/electrolyte interfaces [10][13]. Correspondingly, we have shown that friction is higher when

• was observed by Meyer and coworkers [33]: Upon an increase in normal load on a NaCl(001) surface a transition to multiple slip was found. According to [34], who predicted such transitions from theory for low damping conditions and also observed it on HOPG, this process is based on energy minimisation

In situ observation of biotite (001) surface dissolution at pH 1 and 9.5 by advanced optical microscopy

• Chiara Cappelli,
• Daniel Lamarca-Irisarri,
• Jordi Camas,
• F. Javier Huertas and
• Alexander E. S. Van Driessche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 665–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.67

• over a wide range of experimental conditions [3][5][6][19][45][46]. Hu et al. [45] observed the formation of “fibrous illite structures” when biotite reacted in 1 mol·L−1 NaCl solution and high temperature (acidic hydrothermal conditions). Shao et al. [47] observed the formation of fibrous illite

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• protocol based on the work of Rowley et al. [60]. Alginate was dissolved in mixture of 0.1 M MES and 0.15 M NaCl, at pH 5, at a concentration of 1 wt %. Next, EDC was added and the solution was stirred for 15 min. Afterwards, NHS was added and the solution was stirred for an additional 15 min until the

Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells

• Syeda Arooj,
• Samina Nazir,
• Akhtar Nadhman,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Bakhtiar Muhammad,
• Ishaq Ahmad,
• Kehkashan Mazhar and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59

• washed and harvested in ice-cold phosphate buffer saline at 4 °C. Cells were then lysed in cell lysis buffer (2.5 M NaCl, 10 mM Trizma-base at pH 10.0, 100 mM Na2EDTA, 1% sodium sarcosinate, 1% Triton X-100, 10% DMSO) and centrifuged at 15000g for 10 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was collected and

Green preparation and spectroscopic characterization of plasmonic silver nanoparticles using fruits as reducing agents

• Jes Ærøe Hyllested,
• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Nicolai Hagen,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 293–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.27

• nanoparticles are different depending on the fruit used for preparation. The green preparation process can result in individual nanoparticles with a very poor tendency to form aggregates with narrow gaps even when aggregation is forced by the addition of NaCl. This explains only modest enhancement factors for

• silver nanoparticles [9], such as adenine, guanine, sodium chloride, failed. The extinction spectra in Figure 2a and the SEM image show that also NaCl at relatively high concentration does not force the formation of aggregates with subnanometer gaps as it had been obtained for other silver nanoparticles

• oranges and pineapples, scale bar is 100 nm. a) Extinction spectra of solutions of green silver nanoparticles made from orange extract before and after the addition of NaCl, final NaCl concentration was 0.2 M. The inset shows an aggregate formed by green nanoparticles. b) SERS spectrum of pMBA collected

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

• Liam Collins,
• Stephen Jesse,
• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Alexander Tselev,
• M. Baris Okatan,
• Sergei V. Kalinin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 201–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.19

• measurements are demonstrated in ionically-active (polar isopropanol, milli-Q water and aqueous NaCl) and ionically-inactive (non-polar decane) liquids by electrochemical force microscopy (EcFM), a multidimensional (i.e., bias- and time-resolved) spectroscopy method. In the absence of mobile charges (ambient

• aqueous NaCl) environments. The measurement of bias- and time-dependent ion dynamics allows different electrokinetic phenomena to be separated and a set of environmental and measurement timescale requirements for determining CPD under conditions comparable with KPFM to be delineated. Finally, the

• , to explore the dependence of the ion concentration on the EcFM response, single-point EcFM measurements were performed as a function of NaCl concentration (Figure 4). For measurements performed in the presence of NaCl, the data shows a non-linear bias dependence of . In addition, bubble formation was

Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

• Simona Povilonienė,
• Vida Časaitė,
• Virginijus Bukauskas,
• Arūnas Šetkus,
• Juozas Staniulis and
• Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

• ), containing 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.2 mM PMSF, and 500 mM NaCl. The cell lysate was heated at 100 °C for 10 min and subsequently centrifuged at 13200g for 20 min. The supernatant was dialyzed against 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, and loaded into a HiTrap ANX column (GE Healthcare

• ) equilibrated in the same buffer. Proteins were eluted using a linear gradient of 0–1 M NaCl. Fractions containing α-SynC141 were pooled and additionally applied to a HiTrap Q XL column (GE Healthcare) and were identified by 15% SDS-PAGE. The α-Syn protein, expressed and purified in the same manner as α-SynC141

• , was used for control assays. Protein purity was evaluated by gel electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry verified the presence of the cysteine residue in the C terminal. α-SynC141 and α-Syn fibril formation Lyophilized proteins were dissolved in the buffer: 50 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 to a final

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• normal diet of 260 µg Zn [35][36][37]. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) Similar to that previously described in [24], SEC was performed using a Superose-6 10/300 GL column (Amersham Bioscience, Munich, Germany) with buffer (10 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 0.15 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA) at a flow

The fate of a designed protein corona on nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

• Denise Bargheer,
• Julius Nielsen,
• Gabriella Gébel,
• Markus Heine,
• Sunhild C. Salmen,
• Roland Stauber,
• Horst Weller,
• Joerg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 36–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.5

• (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, pH 8.0; 0.15 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Under UV 280 nm detection, fractions of 0.5 mL were collected and 125I and 59Fe were measured using a γ-counter. The column was calibrated by injecting a sample of human plasma and DLS-measurements were performed in

Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes

• Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu,
• Stefan Marian Iordache,
• Ana Maria Iordache,
• Nicoleta Badea and
• Camelia Ungureanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240

• composition: peptone (Merck, 10 g/L), yeast extract (Biolife, 5 g/L), NaCl (Sigma-Aldrich, 5 g/L) and agar (Fluka, 20 g/L). Synthesis Liposome preparation The hydration method [22] of a thin DPPC film was used to obtain two kinds of multilamellar lipid vesicles (MLVs, 0.5 mM) with and without cholesterol in

The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Thorsten Krause,
• Sabine Koelling,
• Ingmar Lautenschläger and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218

• harvested by first flushing the gut with air and then gently squeezing the tissue with moist cotton pads. Mucus was dissolved in a lysis buffer (100 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0–8.5, 200 mM NaCl, 0.2% SDS, 5 mM EDTA, 100 µg/mL proteinase K) for 15 to 30 min, and the fluorescence of the solubilized effluate was

Effect of channel length on the electrical response of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors to deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An,
• Yani Zhang,
• Chee How Wong and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2081–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.217

• , Biotechnology grade) consisting of 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, and 10 mM phosphate buffer in 1000 mL distilled H2O was purchased from BST Scientific Ltd., Singapore. SWCNT-based FETs were incubated with 5 mM of the linker molecule PASE in pure DMF for 3 hours at room temperature followed by washing with DMF and

Dissipation signals due to lateral tip oscillations in FM-AFM

• Michael Klocke and
• Dietrich E. Wolf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2048–2057, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.213

• [38] with parameters from [39] and van der Waals parameters from [40] for the ionic bonding of KBr. The tip is a cube of 3 × 3 × 3 unit cells (216 atoms) of a NaCl-lattice, while there are 7 × 7 × 3 unit cells (1176 atoms) for the substrate. Compared to the crystallographic orientation of the

• for the retreat, thereby intentionally suppressing the adhesion hysteresis effect as well as configurational changes. In a first step, we put all atoms on ideal NaCl-lattice positions and run a relaxation separately for the tip and the substrate. Then the two subsystems are assembled with fixed atomic

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• , the dissolution rate is strongly increased. On the other hand, the dissolution is significantly slower in the presence of dissolved NaCl, a fact that may be due to the formation of insoluble silver chloride. An even stronger inhibiting effect is exerted by the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine. We

Real-time monitoring of calcium carbonate and cationic peptide deposition on carboxylate-SAM using a microfluidic SAW biosensor

• Anna Pohl and
• Ingrid M. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1823–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.193

• , Dudelange, Luxembourg) [46] was prepared in Gly–Gly buffers (20 mM glycylglycine, 350 mM NaCl, 10 mM KCl), previously adjusted to either pH 7.75, 8.2 or 9.0. Each peptide was diluted in the respective buffers to final concentrations of 50 µM, 100 µM or 200 µM. Citric acid A 10 mM citric acid solution was

• prepared using 0.9% NaCl in pure water as the solvent. The pH was adjusted to pH 5.5 and diluted to a final concentration of 1 mM citric acid in order to reduce viscosity effects. This solution was also used in some experiments for regenerating the sensor chip after exposure to calcium carbonate