Au nanoparticle-based sensor for apomorphine detection in plasma

• Chiara Zanchi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Sebastiano Trusso,
• Ugo de Grazia,
• Emilio Ciusani and
• Paolo M. Ossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.228

• .6.228 Abstract Artificially roughened gold surfaces with controlled nanostructure produced by pulsed laser deposition have been investigated as sensors for apomorphine detection aiming at clinical application. The use of such gold surfaces has been optimized using aqueous solutions of apomorphine in the

• most intense Raman features of apomorphine lie [30]. Two SERS peaks, namely at 1353 cm−1 and 1515 cm−1, were selected as intense, stable and reproducible markers for APO detection in aqueous solutions. The corrected areas under each peak were evaluated by manual selection of the baseline using Omnic 8

• ratio (see Figure 2A), was chosen for the SERS measurements of APO aqueous solutions at different concentrations. To explore the dynamic range of the sensor, the Au SERS-active substrates were tested with respect to APO concentrations of 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 μg/mL. Figure 3 shows a set of representative

Conformational switching of ethano-bridged Cu,H₂-bis-porphyrin induced by aromatic amines

• Simona Bettini,
• Emanuela Maglie,
• Rosanna Pagano,
• Victor Borovkov,
• Yoshihisa Inoue,
• Ludovico Valli and
• Gabriele Giancane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2154–2160, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.221

• in aqueous solution. The high selectivity of the SPR sensing device has been verified by checking the spectral response of the active layer towards other analytes dissolved in the aqueous solutions. Keywords: aromatic amines; bis-porphyrin; conformational switching; Langmuir film; surface plasmon

• were deposited on the SPR slide, and the shift of the SPR angle induced by the injection of amine aqueous solutions at different concentrations was monitored. The effect of aniline on the plasmon resonance of the Cu,H2-Por2 film could be detected when only 1 nM of analyte was fluxed over the active

• subphase and the Cu,H2-Por2 floating film. Aqueous solutions of amines were fluxed over the LS, Cu,H2-Por2 films deposited on metal/glass substrates (Corning 7059, with a refractive index of 1.723 at 632.8 nm, gold thickness of 44 nm) by a peristaltic pump. The SPR measurements were carried out using a

Enhanced model for determining the number of graphene layers and their distribution from X-ray diffraction data

• Beti Andonovic,
• Abdulakim Ademi,
• Anita Grozdanov,
• Perica Paunović and
• Aleksandar T. Dimitrov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2113–2122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.216

• calculated through , for each s = 1,2,…,M. Having defined the enhanced model, it is further used to analyze some graphene samples produced by electrolysis in molten salts and by electrolysis in aqueous solutions, both using reverse potential, providing considerably increased accuracy in determining graphene

Radiation losses in the microwave K_u band in magneto-electric nanocomposites

• Talwinder Kaur,
• Sachin Kumar,
• Jyoti Sharma and
• A. K. Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1700–1707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.173

• ) and vector network analyser (VNA). Experimental Synthesis The synthesis of La–Co-substituted barium hexaferrite has been carried out through a sol–gel method [19] using metal nitrates (AR grade chemicals) without any purification. Aqueous solutions of iron and metal salts are mixed with each other in

Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants

• Mira S. Bjelaković,
• Tatjana J. Kop,
• Jelena Đorđević and
• Dragana R. Milić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1065–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.107

• -assembly has been observed. Here, cryo-transmission electron microscopy [14] and SEM [15] experiments on aqueous solutions of fullerene-based amino acids and peptides confirmed their strong aggregation behavior and formation of spherical and ellipsoidal clusters. In the area of biological applications, a

Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites prepared by carbothermal evaporation method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• D. K. Avasthi and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 928–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.96

• the pristine and irradiated samples was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes in water under sun light irradiation in a similar manner, as described previously in [41]. For the photocatalytic studies, aqueous solutions of 3.7 μM MB and 3.7 μM MO

In situ observation of biotite (001) surface dissolution at pH 1 and 9.5 by advanced optical microscopy

• Chiara Cappelli,
• Daniel Lamarca-Irisarri,
• Jordi Camas,
• F. Javier Huertas and
• Alexander E. S. Van Driessche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 665–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.67

• -resolution phase shifting interferometer (PSI) that allows for the in situ measurement of extremely low surface dissolution (and growth) rates of minerals while submerged in aqueous solutions [26][27][28][29][30]. With the progress of these techniques our understanding of the mechanisms of the surface

Structural, optical, opto-thermal and thermal properties of ZnS–PVA nanofluids synthesized through a radiolytic approach

• Alireza Kharazmi,
• Nastaran Faraji,
• Roslina Mat Hussin,
• Elias Saion,
• W. Mahmood Mat Yunus and
• Kasra Behzad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 529–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.55

• typical procedure, five different aqueous solutions of PVA (5 wt %) were prepared in a water bath for 1 h at 75 °C. Subsequently, the same amount, 10−2 molar ratio with respect to water, of Zn(CH3COO)2 and Na2S2O3 were added and the solution was stirred for 2 h. The solutions were finally irradiated with

Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model

• Jennifer Y. Kasper,
• Lisa Feiden,
• Maria I. Hermanns,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Michael Maskos,
• Ronald E. Unger and
• C. James Kirkpatrick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54

• the Nalp3 inflammasome, thus initiating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [37]. Phospholipids such as DPPC are also a crucial component of lung surfactant. Other studies reported that the aSNP-silanol-phospholipid interaction or even aSNP in aqueous solutions have the potential to initiate

Tunable white light emission by variation of composition and defects of electrospun Al₂O₃–SiO₂ nanofibers

• Jinyuan Zhou,
• Gengzhi Sun,
• Hao Zhao,
• Xiaojun Pan,
• Zhenxing Zhang,
• Yujun Fu,
• Yanzhe Mao and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 313–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.29

• and used as received without any further purification. Al2O3–SiO2 hetero-nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, the details of which can be reviewed from previously published work [41][42][43][44]. Briefly, sol–gel aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving TEOS, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, and PVP powder

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• MPA-ligands, and zwitterionic DPA ligands (Scheme 1). At physiological pH 7.4, CA–QDs exhibit high aggregation rates in aqueous solutions, with hydrodynamic diameters 4–5 times larger than those of the as-prepared particles with the initial coating in organic solution [11]. In contrast, DHLA–QDs and

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

• Liam Collins,
• Stephen Jesse,
• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Alexander Tselev,
• M. Baris Okatan,
• Sergei V. Kalinin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 201–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.19

• Aω for Au is weakly dependent on bias in this range, suggesting the mechanisms at play are significantly different from those described by Equation 2. In aqueous solutions, charge screening from ions, adsorption of water molecules and surface dipoles at the probe and/or sample surface could also play

• performed with Vac = 0.5 V [25 kHz] applied to the probe. EcFM spectra [bias-on] collected 500 nm above HOPG in aqueous solutions of increasing salt concentration (1 mM–1 M NaCl). Measurements were recorded from low to high concentrations using the same probe. Vertical scale ±5 a.u. (data normalized by the

SERS and DFT study of copper surfaces coated with corrosion inhibitor

• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda and
• Stefano Caporali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.258

• in high amount in the environment, aqueous solutions or soil. A very efficient way to protect copper surfaces is by creating an anticorrosive thin film by chemisorption of organic inhibitors. Heterocycles containing sulphur or nitrogen atoms, available for bonding with the copper surface, are widely

Intake of silica nanoparticles by giant lipid vesicles: influence of particle size and thermodynamic membrane state

• Florian G. Strobl,
• Florian Seitz,
• Christoph Westerhausen,
• Armin Reller,
• Adriano A. Torrano,
• Christoph Bräuchle,
• Achim Wixforth and
• Matthias F. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2468–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.256

• Biotium Inc. (Hayward, CA, USA), Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, sucrose and D-(+)-glucose monohydrate from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). For aqueous solutions ultrapure water (pure Aqua, Germany) with a specific resistance ≥18 MΩ was used. GUVs were prepared by electroformation as described for the first time by

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• -nitrobenzoic acid). The standard conditions for the determination of thiol groups, e.g., in molecules or proteins involve aqueous solutions and pH control [28]. This was, however, not applicable to the dispersions of silica NP because of increased agglomeration. We therefore performed the reaction in dry

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• PVP chain is more ordered than PEI due to the presence of these rings in the chain. In acidic aqueous solutions, charge transfer between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of PVP occurs [29]. For this reason, in an acidic medium (pH 1.70, which is a mixture comprising tin(IV) chloride and PVP), a PVP

• PEI and PVP, aqueous solutions of concentrations 43 g/L and 111 g/L, respectively, were prepared, which corresponded to solutions of 1 mol/L concentration as calculated by the molar mass of the -mer per litre. During the synthesis, an aqueous solution containing tin ions, the polymer and the non-ionic

Nanomanipulation and environmental nanotechnology

• Enrico Gnecco,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Carlos M. Pina and
• Udo Becker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2079–2080, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.216

• based on polyethylene oxide. The surface reactivity of minerals in contact with aqueous solutions can be investigated by laser confocal microscopy, as shown on the example of dissolution of the mineral biotite in solutions with acid and basic pH. Recent nanofiltration techniques are reviewed with

Electrostatic interplay: The interaction triangle of polyamines, silicic acid, and phosphate studied through turbidity measurements, silicomolybdic acid test, and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy

• Anne Jantschke,
• Katrin Spinde and
• Eike Brunner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2026–2035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.211

• studied in order to visualize the possible influence of hydrophobic interactions. For 29Si NMR spectroscopy aqueous solutions of isotope-labelled sodium [29Si] metasilicate as precursor compound were used. Different silica precursors, such as toxic TMOS (tetramethyl orthosilicate) or TEOS (tetraethyl

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• phosphate ions with the ZnO surface is possible. This may account for the almost exclusive formation of crystalline zinc phosphate. The difference to the observed phases by others remains, however, unexplained. Conclusion Most nanoparticles are dynamical systems in aqueous solutions since equilibria between

Towards bottom-up nanopatterning of Prussian blue analogues

• Virgile Trannoy,
• Marco Faustini,
• David Grosso,
• Sandra Mazerat,
• François Brisset,
• Alexandre Dazzi and
• Anne Bleuzen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1933–1943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.204

• shape is systematically obtained when the reaction medium is BuOH or the 1:1 mixture EtOH/H2O whereas the half-spherical or spherical shape is obtained in aqueous solutions. PBA particles are less soluble in BuOH and in the EtOH/H2O mixture than in H2O and therefore the dissolution–recrystallization

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• (aqueous solutions of alkali silicates, e.g., Na2SiO3, Na4SiO4). Typically, this neutralization is performed by using ion exchange resins where particle sizes of around 5 to 500 nm in diameter can be realized [55][56][57]. 2. Pyrogenic silica (also referred to as “fumed silica”) is produced on the

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• , toluene and isooctane. Supramolecular complexes can be formed between CNTs and a biopolymer such as DNA, in order to disperse CNTs in aqueous solutions (see next section). Recently two decanoyl-functionalized guanosines (LipoGs, see Table 1) have been used [58] for the disaggregation of SWCNTs in

• to pH variations. At pH values higher than 9 the aqueous dispersions of PLL/SWCNTs complexes lose their stability due to the different affinity of PLL towards the nanotubes in their neutral or charged state. Indeed, in aqueous solutions at pH < 9 PLL interacts with the nanotubes either via

• conferring to the polymer a different dispersing power [93]. Another example of reversible dispersion/precipitation of CNTs is the folic acid (FA)/SWCNT system. The insolubility of folic acid in acidic aqueous solutions prevents it acting as a CNT dispersant. Nevertheless, once CNTs have been FA-coated, the

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• conventional processes in aqueous solutions, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 1) show that these precipitates are HAP and ClAP. Likely the reason for ClAP formation is the fact that the IL [Bmim][Cl] contains a high amount of chloride. The formation of Ca-deficient HAP or ClAP is further confirmed by EDXS

• the chemical composition of these materials is different from the original biomaterial [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Unfortunately, the synthesis of carbohydrate-based hybrid materials is not straightforward. This is due to the fact that many carbohydrates exhibit low solubilities in aqueous media. Aqueous

• solutions, however, are the most commonly used media for calcium phosphate mineralization [12][13]. As a result, mineralization of carbohydrates often yields heterogeneous materials with properties that are not suited for an application. In spite of this, a number of authors have reported the successful

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• been known that during measurements of the electrokinetic potentials in aqueous solutions the temperature dependence of conductivity, dielectric constant and viscosity are negligible up to a temperature of 343 K [106]. Based on these simplified assumptions, at room temperature (T = 293 K) a zeta

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• energy density (Table 1) and solubility in water. Aqueous solutions of sugars (glucose, sucrose, and lactose) were used in implantable bio micro fuel cells [32] but their energy density is too small to be used in large scale applications. Aqueous solutions of some inorganic compounds containing