The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Thorsten Krause,
• Sabine Koelling,
• Ingmar Lautenschläger and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218

• recorded. The vascular perfusate was analyzed at regular intervals for O2 and CO2 partial pressures, pH, electrolytes, glucose, and lactate [26]. Nanoparticle challenge experiments A continuous luminal perfusion of the explant with a flow rate of 3 mL/h for 30 min was used to equilibrate the whole system

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• predict the possible health risks. Experimental Synthesis of silver nanoparticles Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction with glucose in the presence of PVP as described previously [19][21]. The final silver concentration in all dispersions was determined by

• dihydrate (Fluka, p.a.), silver nitrate (Fluka, p.a.), and D-(+)-glucose (Baker) were used. Ultrapure water was prepared with an ELGA Purelab ultra instrument. Ag-NP were stored under argon to prevent partial oxidative dissolution (which drastically influences nanoparticle toxicity) prior to cell culture

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• quantities over a large number of experiments. Because of this, we decided to synthesize our particles by the reduction of silver nitrate with glucose in the presence of PVP according to Wang et al. [28]. This leads to high yields of spherical silver nanoparticles with diameters of around 70–120 nm and a few

• in the absence of oxygen as shown by a very elegant experiment by Xiu et al. [34]. We extended our studies by the addition of a number of essential components of biological media, such as inorganic salts that can lead to the precipitation of sparingly soluble silver salts (AgCl and Ag3PO4), glucose

• assume that this is due to a strong binding of the thiol group to the silver metal surface, which prevents the dissolution by passivation. Glucose, which is often used in syntheses to reduce silver ions to silver metal, has a decelerating effect but leads to a similar fraction of silver being finally

Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks

• Christoph Nick,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Ravi Joshi,
• Christiane Thielemann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1575–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.169

• (CNTs) are attractive for various sensing and electronic applications. These include, but are not limited to, gas sensors [1], mechanical sensors [2], biosensors (e.g., for glucose or DNA) [3][4], and vertical interconnect access (vias) applications based on CNT bundles [5]. CNTs have also sparked

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• observed after the reaction for all of the proteins except trypsin (TRY) and glucose oxidase (GOX). The AuNPs formed in the presence of the different proteins were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy (Figure 1). The addition of Ag ions played an important role in the formation of the AuNPs, which is

• histone (HIS), chicken egg white lysozyme (LYS), ovalbumin (OVA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine hemoglobin (BHG), bovine gamma globulin (BGG), glucose oxidase (Aspergillus niger) (GOX), and trypsin (porcine pancreas, TRY), used for the experiments were obtained from Sigma (USA) as a lyophilized

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• energy density (Table 1) and solubility in water. Aqueous solutions of sugars (glucose, sucrose, and lactose) were used in implantable bio micro fuel cells [32] but their energy density is too small to be used in large scale applications. Aqueous solutions of some inorganic compounds containing

• . PGM catalysts exhibit low catalytic activity in electrooxidadion of carbohydrates. The oxidation of glucose in 1 M KOH in alkaline liquid fuel cells with a PtRu electrocatalyst generates gluconic acid (two-electron process) and 1. 4 mW/cm2 peak power [118]. The use of a Pt/C anode with a cobalt

• phthalocyanine cathode in an alkaline cell with a Tokuyama membrane provided a maximum power density of 2.3 mW/cm2 in 0.5 M glucose/0.5 M KOH solution [119]. Increasing the KOH concentration to 7 M, in combination with a PdNi anode and a non-platinum HYPERMECTM cathode (Acta), resulted in a substantial increase

Influence of the PDMS substrate stiffness on the adhesion of Acanthamoeba castellanii

• Sören B. Gutekunst,
• Carsten Grabosch,
• Alexander Kovalev,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1393–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.152

• Young’s moduli of the different PDMS substrates resulted in 4 ± 1 kPa (silicone base/curing agent = 80:1), 29 ± 3 kPa (57:1), and 128 ± 32 kPa (40:1). Acanthamoeba culture Trophozoites of A. castellanii (ATTC 30234) were cultured at room temperature in Peptone Yeast Glucose (PYG) 712 medium (20.0 g

• (SO4)2·6H2O (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany), 10.0 mL 0.25 M Na2HPO4·7H2O (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 10.0 mL 0.25 M KH2PO4 (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 50.0 mL 2 M glucose (Sigma–Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany)). In this axenic culture, the PYG 712 medium was regularly exchanged in the cell

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• biological media, it was able to show that the dissolution in chloride-containing media is reduced, probably due to the formation of AgCl. In contrast, glucose has no significant effect. Cysteine as a sulphur-containing molecule can decelerate the dissolution process, possibly by blocking of the NP surface

• apical (submersed) cell culture media. Silver nanoparticles PVP-coated Ag NPs were synthesized by reduction with glucose in the presence of PVP according to Wang et al. [69] and have been used already before [45][46]. Briefly, 2 g of glucose and 1 g of PVP were dissolved in 40 g of water and heated to 90

• , NO3−, excess glucose and its oxidation products, excess PVP, and excess Ag+ were fully removed. The silver nanoparticles were then redispersed in water. The final silver concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30, Povidon 30; Fluka, molecular

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

• Liejin Guo,
• Dengwei Jing,
• Maochang Liu,
• Yubin Chen,
• Shaohua Shen,
• Jinwen Shi and
• Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

• accumulate on high-indexed facets, while photogenerated holes tended to migrate to {100} facets, leading to an efficient spatial charge separation and thereby enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production from reforming of glucose over the Cu2O polyhedron [45]. The origin of the charge separation on different

Methods for rapid frequency-domain characterization of leakage currents in silicon nanowire-based field-effect transistors

• Tomi Roinila,
• Xiao Yu,
• Jarmo Verho,
• Tie Li,
• Pasi Kallio,
• Matti Vilkko,
• Anran Gao and
• Yuelin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 964–972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.110

• ], protein [4], glucose [5], virus [6], and vapor [7]. Despite significant developments, underlying detection mechanism and dynamics of the SiNW FETs are not well-defined, and hence, further studies and methods are required [8]. Due to the large surface-to-volume ratio, one-dimensional nanostructures are one

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• in the axial position. This is a configuration specific to D-mannose, in contrast to glucose and other common sugars, which have this hydroxy group only in the equatorial position. Glutamate uptake by nerve terminals in the presence of D-mannose-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles Recently, it was shown

• 4 °C. The synaptosomal suspensions were used in experiments during 2–4 h after isolation. The standard salt solution was oxygenated and contained (in mM): NaCl 126; KCl 5; MgCl2 2.0; NaH2PO4 1.0; HEPES 20, pH 7.4; and D-glucose 10. Ca2+-supplemented medium contained 2 mM CaCl2. The Ca2+-free medium

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• /CNFs showed excellent electrocatalytic activities towards dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) [26]. NiCF-paste (NiCFP) electrodes displayed excellent electrocatalytic capacity for the oxidation of glucose [27]. These works indicate that electrospun CNFs (ECNFs) harbor excellent

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

• Shadab Ali Khan,
• Sanjay Gambhir and
• Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

• bioconjugation of chemically modified taxol with biocompatible Gd2O3 nanoparticles. Experimental Materials Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) and sodium carbonate were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Malt extract, yeast extract, glucose and peptone were obtained from HiMedia and used as received. Methods The thermophilic

Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats

• Nadine Haberl,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Alexander Wenk,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling and
• Carsten Schleh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 933–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.105

• Bavaria, Approval No.55.2-1-54-2531-26-10) and by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Helmholtz Center Munich. PVP-coated Ag nanoparticles (PVP-AgNP) PVP-AgNP were prepared by reduction with glucose in the presence of PVP as described before [37][45]. The silver nanoparticles were

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li₂Co_1−xM_xPO₄F (M = Fe, Mn) cathode materials

• Nellie R. Khasanova,
• Oleg A. Drozhzhin,
• Stanislav S. Fedotov,
• Darya A. Storozhilova,
• Rodion V. Panin and
• Evgeny V. Antipov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 860–867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.97

• glucose to the initial mixtures of reagents resulted in multiphase samples that contained large amounts of metallic Co (>10%), which can be explained by the strongly reductive conditions that appeared at elevated temperatures (>700 °С) because of the presence of C-containing additives. Therefore, for the

Mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial-cellulose-fibre-reinforced Mater-Bi^® bionanocomposite

• Hamonangan Nainggolan,
• Saharman Gea,
• Emiliano Bilotti,
• Ton Peijs and
• Sabar D. Hutagalung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 325–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.37

• starch of Mater-Bi® have been investigated. FBC produced by cultivating Acetobacter xylinum for 21 days in glucose-based medium were purified by sodium hydroxide 2.5 wt % and sodium hypochlorite 2.5 wt % overnight, consecutively. To obtain water-free BC nanofibres, the pellicles were freeze dried at a

• . The chemicals used for the culture medium were glucose, ammonium sulfate, potassium hydrogen orthophosphate, magnesium sulfate and yeast extract. In the purification process, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite and the chemicals mentioned above were used as received from VWR. Additional vitamins

• to the method described previously [11]. For every litre of distilled water, 50 g glucose, 5 g ammonium sulfate, 4 g potassium hydrogen orthophosphate, 5 g yeast extract, and 0.1 g magnesium sulfate were added. This culture medium was autoclaved at 121 °C for 2 h, and once cooled to ambient

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• present polymer-based functionalization and the grafting of biomolecules (DNA molecules, glucose molecules, proteins, etc.) on VA-CNTs for biological applications. Finally, we present some less-common functionalization methods. 3.1 Functional groups Fluorination of VA-CNTs: During the past decade

Glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the determination of ascorbic acid by square-wave voltammetry

• Sushil Kumar and
• Victoria Vicente-Beckett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 388–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.45

• in the presence of AA [17]. Jacobs et al. [19] reviewed the use of MWCNTs to obtain enhanced signals in the detection of substances such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, glucose, pesticides, and serotonin, with similar reports relating to trace metals [20] and nitroaromatic compounds [21]. This study

• ) analysed by HPLC were excellent (95–101%). Fresh fruit juices may contain a number of organic acids (e.g., citric acid) and sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose and sucrose), which could cause potential interferences. However no such interferences were evident in the analyses. Comparison of the SWV method with

Dynamics of capillary infiltration of liquids into a highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube film

• Sławomir Boncel,
• Krzysztof Z. Walczak and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 311–317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.36

• for non-polar liquids [5]. One of the cutting edge areas of research exploiting CNTs is nanomedicine where the interface of CNTs with a liquid environment is essential, e.g., subcutaneous glucose sensors [6], microcatheters [7] or tissue engineering materials [8]. Until now, physical compatibility of