Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• ) of 99.99% purity (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy) were used as received. Milli-Q water of high purity and resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm was used during all the AuNP synthesis, cleaning and sample preparation. Substrates of ≈4 cm2 surface area were cut off of ≈1 mm thick plates of either glass from

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• and resistivity were measured with the four-point probe test (Table 1). The current–voltage curves obtained from PEDOT/PSS and PEDOT/PSS/EM electrodes exhibited a good linear fit with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999. It has been reported that the addition of different dopants to an aqueous

• coefficient of the constant phase element, respectively. Layered composites showed low Rct values (≈4300–5300 Ω) which is about half of the Rct observed in PEDOT/PSS (11500 Ω), indicating that charge transfer rates are higher in PEDOT/PSS/EM sensors. This agrees well with the aforementioned resistivity

Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• functionality of the package. In addition, integration of microfluidic channels in the package was demonstrated. Experimental Dummy chips Dummy chips for testing purposes were fabricated on a 4 in silicon wafer (p++ type, boron-doped, resistivity <0.005 Ω·cm) with 500 nm of SiO2 (PECVD grown). Contact pads in

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• the fractal analysis of the grain boundary microstructure. Keywords: electrical resistivity control; fractal analysis; grain boundary engineering (GBE); intergranular fracture control; nanocrystalline materials; Review Introduction Nanocrystalline metals and alloys have been receiving increased

• properties. Finally, our most recent work on GBE for the control of electrical resistivity in gold thin films is introduced as an example of a possible challenge toward GBE for high performance functional materials. Effect of grain boundary microstructure on hardness in electrodeposited nanocrystalline

• resistivity manipulated by GBE in nanocrystalline gold thin films The improvement of electrical conductivity or precise control of electrical resistivity is required for the development of high performance electrical and magnetic materials for modern electronic devices such as MEMS and NEMS. It has been

Effective intercalation of zein into Na-montmorillonite: role of the protein components and use of the developed biointerfaces

• Ana C. S. Alcântara,
• Margarita Darder,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1772–1782, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.170

• water (resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm) was obtained with a Maxima Ultrapure Water from Elga. Synthesis of zein–montmorillonite biohybrids For the preparation of zein–montmorillonite biohybrids (Z-MMT) two synthetic routes were explored. Synthesis 1 (Z-MMT_S1 materials) A MMT suspension (6 g·L−1) was prepared

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• semiconductor with an extremely high resistivity extending to 108 Ω·cm, however, even a small deviation from the stoichiometric composition with a surplus of titanium ions results in n-type semiconducting properties [16]. Such observations lead to the undeniable conclusions that the defect disorder and

Thickness-modulated tungsten–carbon superconducting nanostructures grown by focused ion beam induced deposition for vortex pinning up to high magnetic fields

• Ismael García Serrano,
• Javier Sesé,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow,
• Sebastián Vieira,
• Manuel Ricardo Ibarra and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1698–1708, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.162

• films have been created with thickness modulation properties exhibiting periodicity from 60 to 140 nm, leading to a strong pinning potential for the vortex lattice. This produces local minima in the resistivity up to high magnetic fields (2.2 T) in a broad temperature range due to commensurability

• critical temperature of Tc = 4.40 ± 0.15 K and a room temperature resistivity of ρ300K = 213 ± 47 μΩ cm. The flat sample has been made using a 39 nm y-pitch, which is as large as the beam spot size. The SEM images in Figure 2 indicate the achievement of the targeted thickness modulation. In Table 1, the

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

• Austin Deschenes,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Mustafa Akbulut,
• Ali Gokirmak and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

• resistivity of materials [8]. Crystalline and amorphous CoFeB values came from literature [12]. Schematic top-down view and quarter cross-section view of the simulated geometries. The dotted lines indicate the axis of symmetry for the 2D cylindrical simulations. The active area of the device is surrounded by

Nanostructured germanium deposited on heated substrates with enhanced photoelectric properties

• Ionel Stavarache,
• Valentin Adrian Maraloiu,
• Petronela Prepelita and
• Gheorghe Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.142

• Nanosystems, Gamma 1000, sputtering equipment. Clean 1 cm2 substrates of n-type Si(100) with a resistivity of 10–20 Ω·cm were used and they were firstly degassed for 5 min at 200 °C in vacuum. To obtain the desired Ge/SiO2 (50:50) concentration ratio on the Si substrate at a base pressure of 1 × 10−7 Torr

Effect of tetramethylammonium hydroxide/isopropyl alcohol wet etching on geometry and surface roughness of silicon nanowires fabricated by AFM lithography

• Siti Noorhaniah Yusoh and
• Khatijah Aisha Yaacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1461–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.138

• three layers: the silicon layer (100 nm), the buried oxide layer (200 nm) and the silicon layer (6.25 µm) at the bottom with 13.5–22.5 Ω∙cm resistivity. Fabrication of silicon nanowires An array of silicon nanowires was designed using Nanonavi vector scan software. Then, these patterns were fabricated

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• the synthesis of ZnO films, nanowires and ZnO-based hybrids for applications in opto-electronics as well as in gas sensors [7][12][13][14][15]. ZnO has several advantages regarding the application in sensor structures. However, there are many obstacles (high resistivity and operating temperature

• stirring graphite oxide solids in pure water (18.0 MΩ·cm resistivity, purchased from Barnstead) for 3 h and sonicated the resulting mixture (VWR B2500A-MT bath sonicator) for 45 min. This method yields well-dispersed GO in water. We drop-cast the obtained aqueous dispersion of GO onto ZnO nanostructures

Diameter-driven crossover in resistive behaviour of heavily doped self-seeded germanium nanowires

• Stephen Connaughton,
• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Richard Hobbs,
• Olan Lotty,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1284–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.119

• (FAU), Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Materials Chemistry & Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland 10.3762/bjnano.7.119 Abstract The dependence of the resistivity with changing diameter of heavily-doped self-seeded germanium nanowires was

• studied for the diameter range 40 to 11 nm. The experimental data reveal an initial strong reduction of the resistivity with diameter decrease. At about 20 nm a region of slowly varying resistivity emerges with a peak feature around 14 nm. For diameters above 20 nm, nanowires were found to be describable

• spatial spreading of the free holes towards the nanowire centre upon diameter reduction. Keywords: diameter-dependence; germanium; nanowire; resistivity; self-seeded; Findings Semiconducting nanowires are in the focus of research due to their potential applications in electronics and optics [1][2][3][4

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

An ellipsometric approach towards the description of inhomogeneous polymer-based Langmuir layers

• Falko O. Rottke,
• Burkhard Schulz,
• Klaus Richau,
• Karl Kratz and
• Andreas Lendlein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1156–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.107

• calibration). For all compounds chloroform (Carl Roth, HPLC grade) was used as a spreading solvent. Ultrapure water with a nominal resistivity of ρ = 18.2 MΩ cm (Milli-Q gradient A-Merck Millipore) was used for all experiments and even for the final cleaning of the Langmuir trough and barriers. Langmuir

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• rectangular indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass slide (resistivity of 8–12 Ω/□) was examined using SEM (Figure 1). The film is deposited on the ITO with the same experimental conditions as for the GCE. As shown, the nanocomposite has a short, tubular topology with a smooth surface. The nanocomposites are

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• . The photoresponse under UV excitation is sizeable with a higher quantity of the agglomerated HfO2:CNT density. The I–V characteristic is still mainly linear, with a relatively weak decrease of the resistivity, which is consistent with the fact that the electrical transport is dominated by the

Reorientation of single-wall carbon nanotubes in negative anisotropy liquid crystals by an electric field

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Gianluigi Zito,
• Teresa Cacace,
• Antigone Marino,
• José M. Otón and
• Morten A. Geday

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 825–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.74

• energy storage system (i.e., a capacitor with an impedance phase value of approximately −90°) or as a conductor (phase value around 0°) with a specific resistivity value (related with the impedance magnitude). As a LC cell is formed by two parallel electrodes with a dielectric material between them (the

• resistivity of 100 Ω/□ and separated by 8.25 µm. The active area was 1 cm2. A LC planar alignment is induced by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, Sigma-Aldrich). The PEDOT solution (1.3 wt % in water) was spin-coated at 1600 rpm and buffed. Polyimides and polymers

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• experiment. As usual for thin films the resistivity is higher than estimated from bulk data [27]. The nominal experimental thickness of the Au films was 80 nm, but by comparison with literature data obtained on thin gold films on different substrates [28] and assuming that at temperatures above 200 K the

• temperature dependence of the resistivity should be dominated by electron-phonon scattering, we obtained an effective thickness of 63 nm. This reduction can be caused by the formation of a dead layer or by increased roughness due to the etching process. The complete length of the sensor leads including the

• , electrical resistivity ρ(T) = 8.73575 × 10−9 Ωm + 0.08325 × 10−9 Ωm K−1·T; polyimide: κ = 0.15 W m−1 K−1, cp = 1100 J kg−1 K−1, ρm = 1300 kg m−3; Kapton: κ = (−1.372384 × 10−3 + 5.601653 × 10−3·T + 2.082966 × 10−6·T2 − 5.05445 × 10−9·T3) W m−1 K−1 (for 5 K ≤ T < 140 K), κ = (−7.707532 × 10−3 + 5.769136 × 10

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• . Langmuir monolayers were prepared on either Milli-Q ultra-pure water (resistivity 18.2 MΩ/cm) subphase (mixed DPPTE–SWCNTs-DNR monolayers) or subphase containing daunorubicin (AK Scientific, USA). After careful cleaning of the subphase, a few drops of the solution (DPPTE or mixed DPPTE–SWCNTs) were spread

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• to ethanol vapour (reducing gas) at low temperature (70 °C), the fabricated sensing elements showed a significant increase in resistivity, as opposed to the conventional n-type behaviour of bare ZnO nanostructures. This work opens up avenues towards the fabrication of low temperature, photoactivated

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• hexagons around the equatorial plane and exhibits a more oval shape (Figure 4) [26]. The main properties of C60 are [25]: Young’s modulus, ≈14 GPa Electrical resistivity, ≈1014 Ω m Thermal conductivity, ≈0.4 W/mK Band gap, 1.7 eV The other fullerene species show similar properties to C60. Depending on the

• , ≈0.62–1.25 TPa [40] Electrical resistivity, ≈1 μΩ cm [41] Thermal conductivity, ≈3000 W/mK [42] In addition to their extraordinary properties, the density of CNTs is around 1.33–1.4 g/cm3 [40], which is half of the density of aluminium (2.7 g/cm3), making them very attractive for lightweight

Counterion effects on nano-confined metal–drug–DNA complexes

• Nupur Biswas,
• Sreeja Chakraborty,
• Alokmay Datta,
• Munna Sarkar,
• Mrinmay K. Mukhopadhyay,
• Mrinal K. Bera and
• Hideki Seto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 62–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.7

• sonication in acetone and ethanol respectively, then rinsing by Millipore water (resistivity ≈ 18.2 MΩ·cm) and subsequent removal of water by spinning the substrate at high speed (4000 rpm). To extract out-of-plane information specular X-ray reflectivity profiles of these thin films were recorded with step

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• ]. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that a careful control of the MOS nanostructures, used as active layers in gas sensors, permits to improve their gas-sensing properties [10][11]. Specifically, the smaller grain size influences the material resistivity, so that the conductive properties of the material

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• particles were acquired with a Philips CM-12 microscope running at 100 kV. Langmuir–Blodgett film preparation. Langmuir monolayers were prepared in a symmetric compression trough (KSV3000 trough, KSV Instruments Ltd., Finland) filled with Milli-Q water (resistivity = 18 MΩ cm, pH 5.6 at 20 °C). A suspension

pH-Triggered release from surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles

• Manuel Häuser,
• Klaus Langer and
• Monika Schönhoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2504–2512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.260

• , having a resistivity of at least 18.2 MΩ·cm. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Solutions: An amount of 500 mg of PVA was dissolved in 50 mL of ultrapure water using gentle heating (60 °C) and magnetic stirring at 500 rpm. The PVA solution was cooled to room temperature and