Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• stabilized with tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) were proposed against Alzheimer’s disease. TPGS, a water-soluble precursor of vitamin E, was used in the formulation to reduce the amyloid-beta-induced oxidative stress [114]. In vivo tests on Wistar rats highlighted that the mucoadhesive

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• ], photocatalytic degradation [41], and water splitting for hydrogen technologies [38]. Figure 3a–d show SEM images of ZnO tetrapods. These various morphologies were grown at approx. 625–650 °C. The first one, named T1 in Figure 3a, has needle-like arms of ≈1 μm of length. The dimeter of the arms is less than 50 nm

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• to use. These biomimetic surface functionalization steps were confirmed by several complimentary surface analysis techniques. The wettability of each surface was probed with water contact angle measurements, while the chemical composition of the layer was determined by X-ray photoelectron

• copolymer (COC), silicon, and 316 stainless steel (SS) as our substrates. These substrates were first coated with PDA; then, a fluorinated thiol was attached to serve as the anchor for the infused fluid. The resulting surface modifications were then characterized by water contact angle measurements, atomic

• force microscopy (AFM), sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Measuring static water contact angles is a straightforward method to determine the relative wettability of a material and allows for a quick check if our surface modifications were successful

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• nanostructures are carbon dot structures (CDs). These structures have recently become a common field of study because of their properties including chemical stability, water solubility, and easy synthesis and functionalization. Carbon dots, were first discovered by Xu and his working group [1] while purifying

• electron microscopy (SEM), I–V/C–V measurements, UV–vis spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. CDs synthesis 2.5 g of the powdered Rheum ribes plant was placed in an autoclave bottle, and 50 mL of pure water was added to the bottle. This aqueous solution was placed in an

• substrate was cut to approximately 1 cm2 in size and cleaned by washing it in acetone, methanol, and pure water for 10 min each. An ohmic contact was made with aluminum on the cleaned sample at 1 × 10−7 Torr vacuum in a PVD thermal evaporation device. Approximately 30 μL of the CDs stock solution was taken

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• sculptured and thick cuticle of some hymenopterans is also associated with increased resistance to fractures and high pressures [16] and may also potentially reduce water loss [17][18]. Alternative hypotheses yet to be tested for the function of such complex cuticle sculpturing is the air drag reduction

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• the increased release of pollutants into the environment, causing health concerns to humans. Untreated industrial effluents are released, and most heavy metal ions accumulate in water higher than the permissible limits, pollute drinking water, and are non-biodegradable. Heavy metal ions are

• purchased from CDH Fine Chemicals, India. The chemicals obtained were used without further purification. All glassware was cleaned with aqua regia and rinsed with double distilled (DD) water before use. Cetrimonium bromide as capping agent CTAB-AgNS (silver nanospheres) and CTAB-AuNS (gold nanospheres) were

• synthesized via wet chemical synthesis using slightly modified protocols [28][29]. In a typical synthesis carried out at 80 °C, 0.5 mL of AgNO3 (100 mM) was reduced using 1 mL of 100 mM NaBH4 in the presence of 5 mL DD water premixed with 1 mL of 100 mM cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) under stirring at 800 rpm

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• , carboxyl, ether, and carbonyl groups. The sheets present different levels of oxidation as well as specific structures such as edges, wrinkles, and holes. Because of its surface chemistry, GO has better water solubility than graphene; furthermore, it is straightforward to be functionalized and synthesized

• elegans. Ouyang et al. [12] showed that small molecules (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and heavy metals, present in the natural water as nanocolloids, potentiate GO’s phytotoxicity. Moreover, biomolecules such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and humic acids may interact with the material’s

• carbon (C sp3) (28%). The properties of this material are in accordance with other GO samples used for nanotoxicology and environmental applications. In this work, we characterized the material after interaction with the moderately hard reconstituted water defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• generated CO2 were measured for both catalysts. These inexpensive semiconductor materials, which proved to be light-responsive, can be further used for developing water depollution technologies based on solar light energy. Keywords: microwave-assisted synthesis; oxalic acid mineralization; semiconductor

• photocatalysts; water depollution; Introduction Over the past decades, significant research has been focused on designing and preparing nanostructures of various shapes and sizes, which exhibit unique properties and potential applications [1]. Considerable advancements have been made in synthesizing

• ample opportunities for future investigations despite the large number of such data already reported on ZnO materials. Mn-doped ZnO materials synthesized by SG and its derivative methods can be successfully used for photodriven oxidation processes and water depollution since they are inexpensive, not

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• -aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (99%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ethanol (absolute) was purchased from Merck. All reagents and chemicals were used as received without further purification. Water used in the described procedures was obtained from a water purification system (Purelab from ELGA

• four washes with deionized water. Finally, they were re-dispersed in 120.0 mL of water. After, a silica shell was synthesized around the preformed fluorescent core by the addition of ethanol (60.0 mL), ammonia solution (1.4 mL), and TEOS (1.7 mL). The addition of TEOS was done at a rate of 1.0 mL per

• minute, using a syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems, NE8000, Farmingdale, NY). Posteriorly, the solution remained under stirring for 24 h. The resulting suspension was purified and re-dispersed in water for storage and subsequent functionalization. Functionalization of SiO2NPs Before the functionalization

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• electrostatic bonds with multivalent metal cations (such as Ca2+, Ba2+, and Cu2+) to create an extensive gel network in water [15][16]. The cross-linking of saccharide chains within alginate generates macromolecules ranging in size from micrometers to millimeters, resulting in gelispheres insoluble in water

• (e.g., glucose, fructose, and glucosamine (GluN)) for the in situ synthesis of metallic nanoparticles onto alginate-based nanogels remains unexplored. Toxic organic dyes, including nitrophenols and methyl orange (MO), pose a significant environmental threat because of their persistence in water. This

• Materials The study utilized reagents and chemicals without additional purification. Glucosamine, gold(III) chloride, calcium acetate hydrate, sodium alginate, sodium tetrahydroborate, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and methyl orange were procured from Acros Scientific (Belgium). Distilled water was used

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• incubation times was studied. Experimental Materials Doxorubicin and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The water utilized in the experiments was purified by a Barnstead (Dubuque, IA, USA) ROpure LP® reverse osmosis unit. Cell culture Experiments were conducted using

• humidified air atmosphere with 5% CO2. Preparation of DOX-SNPs To synthesize DOX-containing nanoparticle structures, the miniemulsion polymerization method was used according to a protocol adapted from [24]. First, the water phase was formed. The water phase was obtained by adding and dissolving 0.375 g

• polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 57.7 mg sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 46.9 mg NaHCO3 in 20 mL of water (solution A in Figure 1). For solution B, 0.2 g PVA and 0.2 g SDS were dissolved in 400 mL of water. The organic phase (solution C) was obtained by mixing and dissolving (30 min in a beaker) 0.8 mL 2

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• regression and IBM Watson artificial intelligence (AI), achieved mean absolute percentage errors below 12%, driven by AI-identified key variables. The predictive models included mainly quantitative descriptors collected from datasets as well as computed ones. In addition, a water-soluble fullerene was used

• is also possible to modify pristine fullerenes by adding polar functional groups (e.g., –COOH, –OH, or –NH2), to improve water solubility, antioxidant properties, and even biological activity [25]. For instance, polyhydroxy fullerenes (PHFs) exhibit properties suitable for biomedical applications

• , such as water solubility, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and hypoallergic response. It has been shown that PHFs can inhibit cancer tumor growth and positively regulate the immune system [26]. The same is valid for carboxylated fullerenes [27]; for instance, C60[C(COOH)2]3 is well known for its

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• amendments. However, it is concerning that the environment is affected because of the enormous production and inadvertent use of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles have been identified in wastewater streams, drinking water sources, and tap water in amounts ranging from nanograms to micrograms per liter [10]. Also

• of safer nanomedicines. MONPs are also being utilized in environmental remediation efforts to remove pollutants from water and soil. The insights gained from this study can help in selecting nanoparticles that are effective in remediation without posing significant risks to aquatic life and

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• formed at the interface have emerged, which effectively force charge carriers to move in opposite directions and hinder recombination [31][32][33]. Very recently, Cu2O/BiVO4, Ag2O/Bi12O17Cl2 and CuFe2O4/Bi4Ti3O12 composite powders have shown improved efficiencies in water treatment based on p–n

• surface interaction with gases during photocatalytic oxidative coupling can be analyzed using water contact angle analysis (as shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). The wettability of pure p-Si and the p-Si NW array are illustrated in Figure S3 (Supporting Information File 1). Pure p-Si had

• a water contact angle of 50.24°. Because of the nanowire array morphology, the p-Si NWs were more hydrophilic nature with a water contact angle of 3.36°, which manifests superior photocatalytic oxidative coupling. Raman spectra were conducted to confirm the surface composition of the synthesized

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• sequence of sonification in acetone, ethanol, and rinsed water, and dry-blowing with nitrogen. In our deposition experiments, faint deposits were visible starting at a GIS temperature of 50 °C for spots of 5 min dwell time, turning into clearly visible deposits starting from about 60 °C. From 80 °C onwards

• density of silver particles with a transition to continuous silver towards the bottom. Similar non-uniform deposit structures were observed earlier. For pillar deposition of gold using Me2Au(acac) in a water atmosphere at about 1 Pa pressure, a solid metallic core surrounded by a carbon-rich shell was

• obtained [34]. For planar deposits, similar microstructures were obtained during platinum deposition using Pt(η5-CpMe)Me3 [35] and ruthenium deposition using (EtCp)2Ru [36], both in combination with post-deposition purification employing electron beam irradiation in a water atmosphere. For the case of

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• of nanoparticulates researched regarding liver fibrosis treatment. These nanocarriers allow for efficient containment of the antifibrotic compounds, particularly those with poor water solubility and low bioavailability. In addition, they protect the drug from unwanted metabolism and may facilitate

• dissolve a broad range of poorly water-soluble drugs. As this polymeric platform could deliver substantial amounts of curcumin to the liver, a significant reduction in in vivo CCl4-induced hepatocellular injury could be observed. The toxicity data also shows that NanoCurc™ essentially exhibits no toxicity

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , biocompatibility, biodegradability, and water solubility of alginate have expanded opportunities in material and biomedical sciences. Recently, research on alginate-based nanoparticles and their applications has begun. These materials are gaining popularity because of their wide usage potential in the biomedical

• body, as they are antimicrobial, biodegradable, and non-toxic [22]. Biopolymeric nanoparticles are a very effective material for producing biosensors. In today’s world, people need sensors to monitor various types of pollution. Food contamination with infectious microorganisms or air and water

• indicates that it belongs to the hydrogel family and is insoluble in water. Sodium alginate is an odorless, tasteless powder that can be white or yellowish. Alginate is a linear polymer composed of ᴅ-mannuronic acid (M) and ʟ-guluronic acid (G) residues [28]. Alginate can be an effective absorbent and

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• Abstract The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique

• decomposition of the metal surface. This results in an explosive ejection of vapor and liquid from the surface. The metal plume cannot freely expand in water and is slowed down, forming a hot metal layer at the water interface. The hot metal layer heats the water to a supercritical state, mixing metal atoms

• with water. The expanding metal/water mixture promotes rapid nucleation and growth of small metal NPs and contributes to forming a cavitation bubble. The hot metal layer also breaks into larger droplets due to instabilities, creating NPs of different sizes within a few nanoseconds of laser exposure [6

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• nanoparticles at ≈750 °C. Finally, the samples were synthesized by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 800 °C, similar to the CVD process presented in [13][14], to achieve a crystalline graphitic nature of the carbon nanotubes. Argon was used as the carrier gas and ethylene as the carbon source. A

• stream of water vapor acted as a catalyst activator. The height of the CNT bundles (30–60 μm) depended on the CVD growth time. CNT bundles with a height of ≈40 μm were grown in ca. 1 min as shown in Figure 2a. The resulting M-shaped VACNTs have an initial pixel dimension of 20 × 20 μm2 with a ≈1 μm thick

• VACNTs (water-assisted CVD on silicon substrates with ethylene as the carbon source) has been investigated by [3]. They showed that vertically aligned SWCNTs can absorb light almost perfectly with a reflectance of 0.01–0.02 over a very wide spectral range (0.2–200 μm). The UV-to-mid-IR absorption

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• information regarding the toxicity and reactivity of these NPs by monitoring the behaviour of nano-descriptors commonly employed in quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models and by measuring the water–NP energetic interactions. The extracted information from our simulations complements

• ] nanostructures. We also simulated Au and Pt NPs in aqueous solutions at 300 K, that is, close to room temperature. The interactions among the water molecules are described by the SPC/E model [66]. The interactions among the water molecules and the Au (Pt) atoms are calculated by the force field of Merabia et al

• . [67] (Brunello et al. [68]). The initial configuration of a hydrated NP is obtained by placing the NP inside a pre-equilibrated water configuration and removing all water molecules that are closer than 0.5 nm from any Au (Pt) atom. The resulting system is equilibrated for 10 ns in the NPT ensemble at

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• water bodies. Therefore, the detection of harmful pollutants in the environment is a critical issue. Numerous works have reported on the application of biosensors for environmental monitoring, especially those based on optical or electrochemical transduction platforms [10][11][12][13]. Moreover

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• modification of the biomimetic fibers created a continuous gasket capable of containing fluids [35] (Figure 4). In addition to generating adhesion, these fibers were sufficient to confine fluids, such as oil and water, and gases within microfluidic channels at pressures up to approximately 90 psi. This

• traditional microfluidics liquids like oil and water, another student in 2017 demonstrated its utility for integrating liquid metal electronics. Mersedeh Zandvakili showed in 2017 that eutectic gallium–indium could be injected into microfluidic channels, and the gecko pillars not only provided adhesion for

• non-planar surfaces, bonded to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and their use in droplet generation with oil and water. Laplace barriers within geckofluidic channels have directed room-temperature liquid metals (eutectic gallium–indium) with extremely high surface tension to properly fill

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• emulsion, or nanoprecipitation [1][4], in which copolymers are dissolved in an organic solvent, called the organic phase, and then are put into an immiscible aqueous solution, called the water phase, to form the nanoparticles. Various surfactants, including poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), sodium cholate, or

• pluronic F127 (F127), can be used in the water phase to lower the surface tension of the organic phase and to produce the nanoemulsion during the homogenization process [5][6][7]. F127 is a copolymer made up of blocks of poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide), PEO100–PPO65–PEO100

• discovered to have exceptional inherent tumor-targeting characteristics without any modification, and it is a fluorophore enabling near-infrared imaging. However, IR780 iodide has low water stability and photostability [23] and shows acute toxicity at high doses [24], which limits its clinical application

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• matrix, 20–30% inorganic components, and 10–15% water [13][18]. The organic matrix is responsible for the elasticity of the bone, while the inorganic matrix provides hardness. This means that the organic matrix gives bone its tensile strength, and the inorganic matrix improves the compressive strength of

• high, water may accumulate on the fiber surfaces, and if the humidity is too low, the solvent may evaporate too quickly [73][82]. Also, relative humidity makes nanofibers thicker or thinner depending on the chemical structure of the polymer [82]. Drug release from electrospun nanofibers The rate and

• is dissolved in the polymer, Higuchi homogeneous matrix kinetics is observed, and the active substance passes through the matrix by diffusion. Higuchi heterogeneous matrix kinetics also plays an active role in the release when an excess of active substance is present in the polymer. Water-soluble

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• descriptors were collected, including molecular weight (MW), n-octanol/water partition coefficient (ALogP), number of aromatic rings (nAR), number of rings (nR), number of rotatable bonds (nBonds), number of hydrogen bond donors (nHBDs), and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors (nHBAs) [36]. Extended