Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• nanoparticles (PWG) capable of spontaneous assembly under physiological conditions. Interestingly, since glycine provides carboxyl groups and is acid-sensitive, when the nanoparticles reach the tumor site, the acidity increases and the protonation of PWG promotes the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• @IONPpH5 however, attains the desired extracellular drug levels with a much lower nanoparticle concentration (0.625 mg/mL), thus proving it to be non-toxic. Since increasing the drug loading (achieved in case of NOR@IONPpH5) enables the use of a reduced nanoparticle concentration (to reach the desired

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• from Figure 6a that for a fixed pressure, the CV curve grows sharply up to 300 K then the value of CV gradually raises. Afterward, at a higher temperature range, the CV curve keeps a continuing pace and tends to reach the Dulong–Petit limit, revealing that at a high-temperature range all the phonon

• remarkably high value of ZT ≈ 2.6 at 773 K along the b axis has been reported, which is the world record so far [1][5]. Also, for the SnSe thin films and 2D sheets, the experimental ZT values were relatively low; the maximum value can only reach 0.28 at 675 K [67][68]. One recent study shows that the Gd

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• toxicity, and extending product life cycles [7]. Moreover, they can enhance the therapeutic index and pharmacokinetics of several compounds [40]. This is due to their nanoranged size and the possibility of modifications that can make them able to cross biological barriers to reach a specific target organ

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• nanoparticles until the particles reach a fully crystalline state. Results and Discussion The Sb2S3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a hot-injection synthesis at 150 °C, where a complex consisting of Sb and 2-ethylhexanoic acid (Sb-EHA) was injected into a S-OlAm precursor solution. Subsequently, the reaction

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• alloys. This can be attributed to more effective mitigation mechanisms for the volume expansion [74]. Some intermetallic compounds also show higher capacities. For instance, a Sb anode with 7% of Si can reach a maximum capacity value as high as 663 mAh·g−1 after 140 cycles in a SiB, while the pure Sb

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• . Faster milling grains, however, do not reach this critical concentration and phase transformations. In addition, significant crystal structure changes could not be observed in the EBSD measurements for those grains. The measurements suggest that the damage and occurring phase transformation are linked to

• larger interaction volume depth for Ne is expected to result in an overall higher ion implantation concentration for Ne as the steady-state condition is reached later. To determine the dose required to reach the steady-state condition, the sample was irradiated with 3371 ions/nm2 and a TEM lamella was

• consider faster milling grains or grains which were milled slower. These grains would reach the steady-state condition at different stages and the delivered ion dose may make a big difference for those grains and would explain the observed results. Overall, the highest ion dose would produce more defects

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• nanowires are electrically connected both to the bottom and the top continuous Cu layers (Figure 1c). According to [27], the decrease in electrodeposition overpotential, which is accompanied by the decrease in the diffusion current contribution, leads to an increase in the number of nanowires that reach the

• density. At stage III, some of the nanowires reach the AAO surface and Cu starts to grow at the external surface of the template, which manifests itself by a growth of current density. Finally, the current density stabilizes at a near constant value, indicating the growth of a continuous metal film (stage

• IV). The charge density, which passes before the metal nanowires reach the AAO surface (qexp), is strongly affected by Ed (Figure 2b). An increase in overpotential leads to a decrease in the average filling the AAO template with metal. According to Faraday’s law, the electric charge density required

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• ]. For completeness, we also mention here a third type of learning, that is, “reinforcement learning”, in which the model learns to independently reach a goal within a given environment by trial and error, reinforced by operator chosen rewards or penalties resulting from the result of these decisions

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• interactions between C and Cu atoms are calculated by Lennard-Jones (LJ) potentials, using parameters of 0.019996 eV and 3.225 Å [35]. The simulation system uses an isothermal–isobaric (NPT) ensemble to reach equilibrium by a Nose–Hoover thermostat for 100000 time steps. The shear loading is performed by

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• provided evidence that during the expansion phase of MB-triggered cavitation there is a net influx of gas into the MB. The bubbles expand until they reach their resonant size with low amplitude oscillations in a linear direction. These stable oscillations result in the creation of a liquid flow surrounding

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• the behavior of large groups, including a scalable system and a modular circuit architecture. It was used to coordinate up to 16 micro/nanorobots for minimally invasive, collision-free two-dimensional position control. Experiments show that the maximum can reach 288 degrees of freedom, and the

• the speed of the nanoswimmer can be adjusted by the light intensity. Under a laser intensity of 5 W·cm−2, the nanoswimmer can reach a speed of 31.22 μm/s. The potential of this nanoswimmer in biomedical applications and active soft materials provides support for future research. Sato et al. [32

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• and the microrobot. The position accuracy of this technology is extremely high and can reach the nanometer level. A permanent magnet was embedded in the microrobot, which will make the microrobot levitate under the action of a diamagnetic material. In this process, this was realized without an active

• were negligible. Yang’s team has provided a rapid and low-cost detection technique for medical testing in future clinical applications. Magnetic drive structures used in MNRs MNRs could move in the human body with little restrictions to reach confined and delicate parts. This offers the potential of

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• vivo settings. Keywords: animal tissue; biological media; nanoparticle aggregation; nanoparticle dissolution; nanoparticle reformation; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The global consumption of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been steadily increasing in the last decade and estimated to reach over

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• multifaceted instrument enabling a broad range of applications beyond imaging in which the finely focused helium ion beam is used for a variety of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication tasks. Operation of the ion source with neon has extended the reach of this technology even further. This

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• . Starting from 300 nm, and after crossing approx. 350 nm, they rapidly increase and after reaching a maximum value all of them linearly decrease to approx. 20% (approx. 10% in case of B1) at around 875 nm to finally reach zero around 900 nm. The lack of carrier generation at the wavelengths longer than

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

• Jakub Kierdaszuk,
• Piotr Kaźmierczak,
• Justyna Grzonka,
• Aleksandra Krajewska,
• Aleksandra Przewłoka,
• Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
• Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
• Marta Sobanska,
• Maria Kamińska,
• Andrzej Wysmołek and
• Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

• graphene deposited on gallium nitride nanowires (GaN NWs) with different variations in height. The electric field induced in GaN predicted by theoretical calculations could reach 5 MV/cm [21]. This is an effect of high spontaneous and piezoelectric polarisations in the wurtzite structure of GaN

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• filtering, showing successful depositions [8][17][18]. When no filtering is added, the setup is working in an all-in-line configuration as shown in Figure 1a. In such a situation, all species introduced in the vacuum that are not evacuated via the pumping system or adsorbed to a wall of the device can reach

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• , which favours the presence of resonance. This indicates that OH oscillators of water molecules can reach the resonant state provided that they are strongly linked to each other via hydrogen bonds. All factors considered destructive to the hydrogen bond structure (e.g., temperature) make the resonance

Reconstruction of a 2D layer of KBr on Ir(111) and electromechanical alteration by graphene

• Zhao Liu,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Stefan Peeters,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Maria Clelia Righi and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 432–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.35

• can be assigned to be a signature of the potassium ions. Also, to support the stability, it is found more favorable for Br− ions to shift their positions to reach a lower-energy adsorption state. Additionally, the three observed KBr domains (Figure 1 and Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1) are a

A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications

• Hui Li,
• Yaju Zhang,
• Yonghui Wu,
• Hui Zhao,
• Weichao Wang,
• Xu He and
• Haiwu Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32

• -coated glass microspheres (S-TENG). The S-TENG exhibits a remarkable performance in harvesting human motion energy and as flexible tactile sensor. By optimizing the device parameters and operating conditions, the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the S-TENG can reach up to 370 V

• procedure of the TENG devices. More recently, Qian et al. proposed a nylon-regulated TENG in contact-separated working mode, whose open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current can reach up to 1.17 kV and 138 µA, respectively [16]. Although this is a tremendous advancement in output performance, the

• increase when the contact area increases. When the contact area is 80 × 80 mm2, VOC and ISC reach up to about 370 V and 9.5 μA, respectively. The S-TENG can be used as a large wearable device. With bigger contact area, more charges and, consequently, higher ISC values are generated. VOC and ISC both

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• therapy. Unlike solid tumors, which necessitate nanoscale drug delivery system (NDDSs) to reach a specific site of action, liquid tumors are mainly spread throughout the blood circulation. In fact, the barriers that apply to the NDDSs for solid tumor targeting usually do not exist in the case of liquid

• plasticity of the leukemic cells combined with diverse resistance mechanisms allows malignant cells to naturally adapt to drugs. Several resistance mechanisms have been acknowledged, including failure of the cell to undergo chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and failure of the drug to reach and/or affect its

• or T315I for bosutinib. Molecular targeting of myeloid leukemia using surface-engineered nanoparticles Nanomedicines as an efficient tool for bone marrow targeted delivery of drugs: It is known that solid tumors reside in extravascular spaces. In order to reach them, the NDDSs need to extravasate the

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• framework, the effect of the Mn wetting layer can also be explained as the reservoir of adatoms required to reach and pass the critical point while not influencing the mechanism of island formation. Based on the simplistic model proposed by Tersoff and Trump [34], shape and dimensions of the islands are

• ≈900 nm long and ≃100 nm wide (see Figure 7c), while the length can reach ≈1.5 μm. This behaviour corresponds to a ripening process as expected under these experimental conditions. In the absence of a continuous supply of Mn adatoms, the number of the adatoms available for the formation of the

Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges

• Qingchun Wang and
• Wai Ting Siok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 330–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.27

• µm PI layers. The bifurcated flap shape was used to achieve good penetration and attachment to the cortical surface and avoid injuring blood vessels on the brain midline (Figure 5c, left). The width of the Au lines was designed to be 100 µm to reach a low impedance value and enhance the signal-to

• opportunity to overcome current research limitations and reach new milestones in the future. Notably, most of the products have been tested in animal models at present. Although animal models have provided fundamental descriptions of neural mechanisms in most sensory and cognitive domains, language

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• .12.22 Abstract The efficient entry of nanotechnology-based pharmaceuticals into target cells is highly desired to reach high therapeutic efficiency while minimizing the side effects. Despite intensive research, the impact of the surface coating on the mechanism of nanoparticle uptake is not sufficiently

• -SO-MNPs was also detected in cells treated with Noc but the decrease did not reach significance. In contrast, a substantial reduction in the internalized amount of PEG-SO-MNPs was detected in the presence of CavME and lipid-raft inhibitors (Figure 2). These results indicated that PEG-SO-MNPs entered