A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• ]. In other cases, a weighted-average can be used to transform the element-based descriptors to the current composition of compounds [18][19]. Most of the descriptors are based on the empirical formula (i.e., the proportion of elements in the substance), such as the molecular weight, which is calculated

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• ; Introduction In order to survive, organisms in nature have undergone billions of years of evolution; their body structures have been adapted to the current environment and exhibit special functions on biological surfaces [1]. For the purpose of drag reduction, valuable inspiration can be derived from rapidly

When nanomedicines meet tropical diseases

• Eder Lilia Romero,
• Katrien Van Bocxlaer and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 830–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.69

• oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for treating cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania amazonensis. The selectivity index for intracellular amastigotes was more than 240 times higher compared to that of current prescribed drugs to treat the disease, making SPIONs strong candidates for a new therapeutic

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• . Those authors have used other mixed composites such as MoS2-GO and MoS2-ZnO prepared by the hydrothermal [22][23] method with photocatalyst loading of 10 to 100 mg, which is ten to hundredfold higher than the ones used for the current PD study. Furthermore, this study allowed higher stability of the

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• , which was placed on a slow rotary drum (10 rpm). The distance between the needle of the syringe and the collector was 15 cm in all cases. The applied voltages (direct current power supply, ES 30 Model, Gamma High Voltage Inc., USA) and flow rates are in Table 1. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

• PSI + 5 Zn(O2CCH3)2 scaffold was slightly cytotoxic to the 155BR fibroblasts after 72 hours. Based on previous data and on our current findings, we are confident that the PSI scaffolds with appropriate concentrations of Sr(NO3)2 and Zn(O2CCH3)2 could serve as potential wound dressings to perform local

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• an effective tip–sample voltage, the oscillating AFM tip generates a time-dependent electrical field, which induces a current and Joule dissipation due to the non-zero resistance of the material. These currents induce an oscillating charge movement. (ii) Simultaneously, these moving charges also

• -dependent when the tip is oscillating and/or an AC voltage is applied. After adding this contribution, we particularize to 2D materials on insulating supports, where the current through the bulk is minimal and the induced currents are confined to the surface. As shown in Figure 6, the sample is modelled as

• current density (J(x, y, z, t)) leaving the differential volume element (dV = dxdy a) has components parallel (J∥ = σ∥E∥) and perpendicular (Ji,z = σiEi,z, with i = 1,2 above and below the surface, respectively) to the surface. Supporting Information Supporting information includes: SI.1. Structure of GO

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• literature. These encompass methods such as molecular beam epitaxy [17][18][19], direct current magnetron sputtering [4][20][21], and pulsed laser deposition [22][23][24]. Alternative approaches involve techniques such as chemical vapor deposition [25][26][27] and atomic layer deposition [28][29][30]. CuO

• , which disturbs the current flow. The most probable cause of such clear discrepancies may be a heterogeneous change in the chemical composition or distribution of defects as a result of thermal treatment. Capacitance differences between individual grains, which are observed to a small extent in the 1

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• beam workstation Helios Nanolab 650. Both types of test structures were fabricated using 30 kV accelerating voltage and an ion beam current of I = 900 pA. The chamber pressure was not higher then 10−6 mbar. A layer of platinum and amorphous carbon (Pt + a-C) was deposited onto the manufactured

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• electrochemistry, combining GQDs with semiconductors, especially TiO2, has been of interest. For example, GQDs have been successfully introduced into TiO2 [17] to enhance its photocatalytic activity. John Peter et al. reported TiO2/GQDs as anodes for enhancing the short-circuit current in solar cells [18]. The

• 0.45 V for URI and at 1.26 V for HYP at the TiO2/GQDs-GCE. It is notable that the electrochemical response is a function of the TiO2/GQDs composition (Figure 5b). The oxidation peak currents of URI and HYP increase with increasing amount of GQDs in TiO2/GQDs. However, the peak current of URI reaches

• its maximum when the GQDs reach 67% in mass (2:4)TiO2/GQDs and decreases at higher amounts of GQDs. Meanwhile, the HYP oxidation peak current is highest when the amount of GQDs reaches 80% in mass in (1:4)TiO2/GQDs. To balance between the peak currents of URI and HYP, the electrode modified by (1:4

Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-k material at the drain

• Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan and
• Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 713–718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.59

• minimum subthreshold slope and a good Ion/Ioff ratio. The low-k material at the drain reduces the gate-to-drain capacitance. Both the SiO2 layer and the live metal strip show excellent leakage current reduction to 1.4 × 10−17 A/μm. The design provides a subthreshold swing of 5 mV/decade, which is an

• excellent improvement in TFETs, an on-current of 1.00 × 10−5 A/μm, an Ion/Ioff ratio of 7.14 × 1011, and a threshold voltage of 0.28 V. Keywords: dual low-work-function live strip (DLWLS); low-k dielectric spacer; low-work-function live strip (LWLS); Miller capacitance; molybdenum; subthreshold swing (SS

• ); tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET); Introduction Rapid miniaturization of electronic devices has led to an increase in leakage current. Leakage current is a big challenge in miniaturized circuits. Miniaturization, at the same time, increased the device performance and reduced the area occupied by the

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• ; Introduction Significant advancements in both material and device technologies related to monoclinic gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) have been achieved in the current decade [1][2]. Recently, attention has been directed towards it due to its outstanding properties [3] such as ultrawide band gap (4.4–4.9 eV) and

• suitable for use on bendable and stretchable substrates in line with the current trends in electronic technologies focusing on flexible electronic device development [11][12]. Consequently, understanding the mechanical properties of β-Ga2O3 NWs becomes an important step. For instance, precise determination

• °C. Characterisation The morphology of as-grown NWs was examined using SEM (Helios 5 UX DualBeam). The measurements were carried out at an acceleration voltage of 5 keV and a beam current of 25 pA. Transmission electron microscopy (Tecnai GF20, FEI) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV provided

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• , we chose one shorter and one longer nanorod to make the current study conclusive [29]. Interestingly, CTAB-AuNR and DTAB-AuNR showed a significant temperature rise of 16.7 and 20 °C, respectively, as shown in Figure 8b at colloidal state. The high temperature change in case of DTAB-AuNR clearly

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• mechanisms of organic liquid decomposition and carbon shell formation are highlighted and discussed regarding current challenges and future perspectives of LSPC using organic liquids instead of water. Keywords: alloy; photochemistry; pyrolysis; radicals; surface chemistry; Introduction Since the first

• stabilizing the nanoparticles’ glass structure [65]. While these reviews consider at least in part the chemical reactions occurring in organic liquids, they focus on specific topics. Thus, this perspective article aims to survey the current state of knowledge on the laser-based synthesis of colloidal

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• , which forms the tip. The tip is electrically connected to an electrode that collects the tunneling current if scanning tunneling experiments are to be performed along with nc-AFM experiments. The qPlus sensors feature a resonance frequency of f1 ≃ 25 kHz and a most commonly reported stiffness of 1800 N

• stiffness. But this is not feasible in practice because of measurement noise, which usually exceeds thermal noise. There are several origins to measurement noise. For qPlus sensors, two main noise sources may be considered: the preamplifier, which converts the piezoelectric current of the QTF into a

• to the calibration of the modal stiffness of QTFs used below 4.2 K and at 5 mbar [62][63]. The method is based on the measurement of the admittance of the piezoelectric current produced by the fork upon oscillation. The authors fitted that quantity with a Butterworth–Van Dyke-type electrical

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• . The bias voltage (UBias) refers to the sample, and the tunneling current (I) was at a constant value in the range of 10–50 pA. We usually adjusted the scanning plane parallel to the (35 1 1) plane of our sample in order to optimize the contrast of the images. The images were processed with the program

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• reference functions; step 2.5: calculation of the perturbation theory operator (PTO). Connection of the current IFPTML model to other PTML models developed by our research group. Reference function calculation workflow. AUROC exploration of IFPTML-MLP and IFPTML-LNN models. IFPTML-LDA N2D3Ss experiment

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• ]. The direct deactivation and protection of the endothelium are also poorly considered in the current management of sepsis [67]. Dexamethasone, for instance, is a powerful anti-edema agent used in the treatment of brain tumors [68] and to reduce edema associated with sepsis [69]. Dexamethasone displays

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• Instruments. The structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction measurements on a Rigaku MiniFlex 600 diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.540598 Å) in a standard 2θ Bragg–Brentano configuration, operating at 45 kV beam voltage and 15 mA beam current. Photoluminescence (PL) was excited by

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• typically has a Gaussian shape with long tails. This is caused by a combination of the Gaussian current distribution in the primary electron (PE) beam and the spatial distribution of scattered electrons, consisting of backscattered electrons (BSE) and secondary electrons originating from the PE beam (SE1

• beam energy of 5 keV was used to speed up the process since the deposit here is significantly thicker. As the exact position for carrying out the etching could not be determined in advance, an area approximately 60 nm wide and 600 nm long was exposed to a 5 keV electron beam and 1.6 nA current in the

• current, a pitch between exposure points of 5 nm, and a dwell time of 1 μs; the pattern was repeated for 3000 passes. The etching parameters were 20 keV, 3.2 nA, a pitch of 1 nm, a dwell time of 10 μs, and 35000 passes. It should be noted that for the etching process the electron beam current and

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• are indeed lacking the graphene atomic lattice structure in their interior. Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the differential conductance (dI/dV, I: tunneling current, V: bias voltage) and of the tuning fork resonance frequency change (Δf) further unravel marked differences between these two kinds

• and, presumably, coated with a Au film. The tip shape was further sharpened by single-atom transfers from the tip to the sample surface [31][32][33][34][35][36]. Topographic STM data were recorded in constant-current as well as constant-height modes with the bias voltage applied to the sample

• . Constant-height scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) of dI/dV was performed by sinusoidally modulating (5 mVrms, 725 Hz) the dc bias voltage and measuring the first harmonic of the ac current response of the tunneling junction with a lock-in amplifier. For AFM data acquisition, resonance frequency changes

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• diseases [13]. Current review articles have been published mainly focusing on the general mechanisms of the nanoantioxidants and their applications in various fields [14][15][16]. In addition to these works, this review tries to take a deeper look at nanoantioxidants and only focuses on the mechanisms of

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• constrictions at the end of the active device area were used to measure the potential drop across the device area. The measurements were done in constant current mode, and the voltage drop across the squared central area was measured at each strain value. NCG was grown by spin coating S1805 at 4000 rpm

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• ion beam fell was kept larger (1 × 1) cm2 to allow for the simultaneous irradiation of both samples (Si and Ge). The time was calculated using Equation 2: where ϕ is the ion fluence in ions/cm2, A is the area of the sample in cm2, and I is the current in particle per nanoampere. The ion fluence was

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• oscillatory manner by the magnetic field in the nanowire-based devices. We present a toy model to qualitatively explain these observations. Keywords: AAO template; critical current; multilayered magnetic nanowires; spin-transfer torque; three-dimensional devices; Introduction Spin-transfer torque (STT) has

• a nonmonotonic dependence between the critical current of STT-assisted resistance changes and the strength of the external magnetic field in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowire devices with arbitrary sequence of magnetic and nonmagnetic sections along the long axis of the nanowires. The STT devices were

• mV) added to a DC bias voltage at a frequency of 4531 Hz. A four-point measurement was used to exclude the effects of the cabling. A positive current is defined such that the electrons flow from the top electrode to the bottom electrode. A magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the nanowires