Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• power spectral density of fluctuations in force (force noise) SFF(ω), which sets a minimum detectable force (signal-to-noise ratio equals one) in a given measurement bandwidth, that is, signal integration time. The fluctuation–dissipation theorem applied to the harmonic oscillator gives where Tm is the

• of cantilever width b and length l. (c) Resonant frequency of the cantilever ωm as a function of its width b and length l. (a) Microwave simulations of the normalized current density of the first electromagnetic eigenfrequency ω of the meandering nanowire, for widths w = 75, 100, and 200 nm and using

• Lk,□ = 36 pH/□, with the current node at the center of the nanowire. The frequencies land in the range of 18–28 GHz. (b) Simulation of the first resonant mode of the entire structure, using a nanowire width w = 200 nm. On resonance, the current density is uniformly distributed in the meandering

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• water density profiles obtained from MD simulations for the slab–water system in the context of Al surfaces revealed characteristics that were previously observed for other simulated metallic surfaces [2][28]. The profiles exhibited two distinct regions with elevated water density located approximately

• 0.15–0.18 nm and 0.42–0.48 nm away from the aluminum surface. These regions corresponded to the first and second water layers adjacent to the metal surface, respectively (as depicted in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). Further examination of the ion density profiles indicated the presence of

• , with ALAC exhibiting slightly lower energies on Fe(110) and Fe(111) surfaces [2]. We note that generally the binding of proteins to aluminum is weaker than to iron, which may be caused by the smaller lattice constant of fcc iron and higher density of surface atoms. Supporting Information File 2, Table

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• superconducting systems, going beyond the traditional assumption of spatially uncorrelated disorder. In particular, we investigate the influence of disorder correlations on key spectroscopic superconductor properties, including the density of states, as well as on the matrix elements of the superconducting

• disordered amorphous superconductors [50] revealed that in the regime of superconductor–insulator transition the superconducting gap is stable, whereas the coherence peaks in the single-particle density of states (DOS) disappear. Following this observation, it was suggested that the system exhibits

• ][64]. Additionally, we determine the chemical potential μ from the condition that the average electron density ne is fixed. In the calculations, we choose ne = 0.875. This is quite far from the half-filling condition ne = 1, at which a singular van Hove singularity appears in the DOS in the middle of

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• -glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane used in epoxy nanocomposites [27] or reduced GO/vinyltrimethoxy silane used in low-density polyethylene nanocomposites [28]. Additionally, Charoenchai et al. [29] prepared a hybrid silica/graphene oxide, GO/VTES, catalyzed under basic conditions. The hybrid filler was introduced into the NR matrix

Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.15

• that of random clusters of interacting spherical magnetite nanoparticles. The shape of FMR spectra of both assemblies is shown to differ appreciably even at sufficiently large values of filling density of random clusters. Keywords: chains of magnetosomes; ferromagnetic resonance spectra; magnetite

• diameter D = 40 nm, randomly located in the cluster volume and having a random orientation of the cubic anisotropy axes. As Figure 4b shows, the width of the FMR spectra of dilute assemblies of random clusters increases with an increase in the filling density η because of an increase in the intensity of

• spherical nanoparticles with different cluster filling density η. With an increase in η, that is, with an increase in the intensity of the magnetic dipole interactions in the clusters, the width of the FMR peak of an assembly of random clusters increases significantly. Nevertheless, it remains much smaller

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• : The imaginary part function is described by: where Eg is the band gap of the material, E0 is the peak in the joint density of states, Θ is the Heaviside theta function, Γ is the broadening parameter, and A is a prefactor. The refractive indices and extinction coefficients as functions of the

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• imaged a blend of polystyrene and low-density polyethylene (PS/LDPE) sample (SPM LABS LLC., Tempe, USA), mounting a RTESPA-300 cantilever (Bruker) and using both methods with the same ORT parameters, that is, 50 nm peak-to-peak amplitude and 2 kHz ORT frequency. Figure 5 shows 250 × 250 pixels images

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• electrolyte [34][35] after prolonged anodization times. However, during the first 2–3 min the barrier layer thickness can vary substantially [36], potentially attributed to changes of current density [35] and local temperature [19]. Furthermore, the barrier layer is not flat and contains some amount of

• alumina, has a much higher optical density, which is attributed to scattering by pores. Furthermore, the pore uniformity and ordering can contribute to optical scattering. Conclusion We have developed an interferometric system to enable real-time monitoring and control of the anodization process, ensuring

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• 10% bovine fetal serum and 100 μg/mL of penicillin G/streptomycin. Maintained at 37 °C with 5% CO2, the cells were grown until they reached a subconfluent density. To detach the cells, a 5 min trypsin treatment with TrypLE™ Express at 37 °C was performed, followed by inactivation using 0.3 mg/mL

• density at 570 nm was measured using a microplate reader. Cell viability was determined by comparing the absorbance of each product concentration to untreated cells, with the negative control (DMEM) representing 100% cellular metabolism. The analysis utilized average values. In vivo toxicity evaluation

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• the biosensor surface, in terms of density, orientation, and stability, will determine the diagnosis capability of the device [11]. Thus, the immobilisation surface of the device is one of the key points in the development of new sensors. Nylon has been used as immobilisation surface in numerous

• an environment of high ion concentration capable of interacting with any charge density group, disrupting the hydrophobic bonds between protein A/G and antibody and the hydrogen bonds between protein A/G and nylon, as well as the bare nylon nanofibres. Results of stability study As this system is

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• positively charged quaternary ammonium groups of BBR, increasing the charge density of the blend solution. As the higher charged solution jet, the elongation force imposed on the jet was higher, forming smaller fibers [3][34]. Interestingly, although the same amount of BBR drug was incorporated in the BBR

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• tissues. The amount of water absorbed depends on factors such as the structure of the hydrogel, the composition of the precursor hydrogel solution, the cross-link density, and the technique of its synthesis. The simple reaction of one or more monomers is used for the production of this kind of material [1

• conduction paths, as manifested by a higher yield of catalyst particles. The potential required to drive a 10 mA/cm2 OER current density using the hydrogel with a higher amount of conductive particles compared to catalyst particles (MCO/cCB equal 1:7.5) is 1.73 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE

• overpotentials at the standard current density value of 10 mA/cm2. Also, hydrogel samples with conductive carbon particles in their three-dimensional structure (Hgel-cCB 3x, Hgel-cCB 6x) and without MCO catalyst particles, showed almost flat polarization curves, which made it impossible to determine the

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• deposition of cerium dioxide CeO2 on the heated substrate as a buffer layer. The dimensions of the obtained Josephson junctions were 50 µm in length and 0.3 µm in thickness. At a temperature T ~ 2.7 K, the value of the critical current density was ~400 kA/cm2 with the ICRN product of ~1.6 mV. The junctions

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• after freeze-drying, mdry is the mass of the NP foam measured after freeze-drying, and ρPDA is the density of polydopamine (1.52 g·cm−3) [27]. where Cf is the final concentration after freeze-drying (mdry/V), is the initial concentration of dopamine (2 mg/mL), and is the initial concentration of BSA

• oxidation (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2c). This may result from the conjugation and electronic density changes induced during the reaction with H2O2, during which hydroxy groups were oxidized into ketones. Eventually, the large majority of polydopamine functional groups are expected to be

Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• and the reduced modulus [14]. Real-time measurements of tip radii based on analysis of the power spectral density (PSD) of the topography of a surface of an ultrananocrystalline diamond were carried out to detect changes in tip radius during tapping mode scanning. For each scan, the frequency data in

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• formation of ethane CH3CH3 in this process, it results in threshold values of 9.67 and 10.29 eV at the respective levels of theory. Similar to the parent ion, the density functional theory (DFT) value agrees well with the experimental AE, while the DLPNO-CCSD(T)-TZVP value is ≈0.3 eV above its higher

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• FBS (10%) and penicillin/streptomycin (1%) at 37 °C in a CO2 incubator (95% relative humidity, 5% CO2). Huh-7, HDFB, and MMNK-1 cells were cultured in DMEM, and MCF-7 cells were cultured in RPMI cell culture medium. The cells were then seeded to grow 24 h prior to treatment at a density of 5 × 103

• water to remove unbound FITC and resuspended in PBS buffer for further use. MCF-7 cells were plated at a cell density of 2.5 × 104 cells per well in 8-well plates and allowed to attach for 24 h prior to treatment in a humidified incubator at 37 °C containing 5% CO2. Free CUR, HSA-MP, and CUR-HSA-MP

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• adiabatic approximation, we can form the density matrix of the system in the instantaneous basis |ψn(t)⟩ as In the Born–Markov approximation, the dissipative dynamic of a quantum system is described by an adiabatic generalised equation for the density matrix [49]. In terms of the instantaneous basis in the

• Schrödinger representation, the dynamics of the parametron obey the Redfield equation: with and Lnm = |ψn(t)⟩⟨ψm(t)|⟨ψn(t)|φ|ψm(t)⟩. Here, we do not take into account the Lamb shift; is the renormalised coupling constant, where g is the density of bosonic modes, θ is the Heaviside function, and is the

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• larger and smaller clusters, whose diameters can be estimated from the density function in Figure 3b. The formation process appears to be influenced by two key steps, namely nucleation and growth. They are crucial in the formation of nanoparticles and control various properties of the final product, such

• 292 nm for nanocomposites with rosemary oil at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%, respectively (Figure 5). The density plots and the statistics (Table 1) show particle sizes without a particular distribution, and the increase in size and accumulation of the nanocomposites may be influenced by

• significance test. Results were expressed as means (± SD) of data and were considered significantly different at p < 0.05. The diameter probability density distribution of SNPs and NCMPs were estimated using the kernel density estimation methodology. Additionally, the descriptive statistics for each resulting

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• displacements due to significant mismatch. Finally, analyzing the electronic properties, we demonstrate that Au/Ge systems have metallic character, but covalent-like bonding states between interfacial Ge and Au atoms are also present. Keywords: Au/Ge heterostructures; density functional theory; electronic

• separation (adhesion) were used. We applied first principles methods based on density functional theory (DFT) to study Au/Ge heterostructures with different interfacial plane orientations. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In the Methodology section the calculation details are given, and

• provide surface energy details for gold and germanium crystals and the charge density differences for the Au/Ge heterostructures. Methodology Interfacial energy and the work of separation in DFT calculations In contrast to the bulk phase of a material, the surface atoms have an incomplete set of neighbors

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• latter configuration is used in the case of organic BHJ thin films (processed on transparent substrates, i.e., glass coated with indium thin oxide). The light intensity is adjusted using the laser power control and optical density filters. In the following, for each measurement, the optical power Popt

• lower density of non-percolating PC71BM clusters (delaying the SPV decay less). Imaging weak surface photovoltage signals: CsPbBr3 nanosheets on HOPG We have just seen that images of SPV magnitude and dynamics can be obtained with high spatial resolution. In this final section, we will show that DHe

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• using pure oil. Moreover, density and dynamic viscosity of the nanolubricant samples used in the experiments were also measured, and their kinematic viscosity, which is an important parameter for lubricants, was calculated. It was determined that the kinematic viscosity continuously increased with

• viscosity, ν, was defined as the ratio of the dynamic viscosity to the density according to Equation 1. The density, ρ, of the nanolubricants was measured with the FPS2800 fluid property sensor. At the same time, the dynamic viscosity, µ, of the nanolubricants was measured using the FPS 2800 fluid property

• error analysis. The kinematic viscosity is calculated by Equation 1 with the help of the data obtained by measuring the density and dynamic viscosity values. Therefore, there is a need to determine the effect of uncertainties in the measured data of the calculated kinematic viscosity value. Thus, the

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• receptor density), a relatively wide spread of MFI values between the single runs was observed, while relations between the different samples and their respective reference sample within one run were rather stable. Data were therefore normalized by calculating each sample’s MFI, relative to its reference

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• calculated by Equation 3 [50]: Here, Iph is the observed photocurrent, Idark represents the current observed under dark conditions, e is the electron charge, P is the illumination power density, and A is the channel area of the device (6 × 10−3 cm2). When the light density changes from 0.42 to 1.28 mW·cm−2

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• , and for charge density at 240 Ry. IR spectra of Si NPs (a) upon etching and (b) before etching. XRD diffraction patterns of (a) Si, (b) SP900, (c) SP670, and (d) SP400. The asterisk denotes a peak from the copper admixture, as discussed in the main text. The vertical lines correspond to the